（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题05. 选择性必修第1册　Unit5 Working the Land

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一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题05.选择性必修第1册　Unit5 Working the Land
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步 2．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 3．strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力 4．envision vt.展望；想象 5．sorghum n．高粱；高粱米 6．broom n．扫把；扫帚；金雀花 7．fertiliser(NAmE -izer) n．肥料 8．crisis n．(pl.crises)危机；危急关头 9．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的 10．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的 11．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成 12．celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流 13．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒 14．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的 15．bomb n．炸弹 vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹 16．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道 17．flavour(NAmE -vor) n．味道；特点；特色 18．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 19．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货 20．aspect n．方面；层面 21．alleviate vt.减轻；缓解 22．poverty n．贫穷；贫困 23．pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物 24．bacterium n．(pl. bacteria)细菌 重点单词 1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺 3．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励 4．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 5．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜 7．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务) 8．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output) 输出 9．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算 10．generate vt.产生；引起 11．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲 12．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土 13．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像 14．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实 15．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽 16．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘 18．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 19．mineral n．矿物；矿物质 20．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 21．instance n．例子；实例；事例 22．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源 23．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地
词汇拓展 1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n．献身；忠诚；热爱 2．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 3．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assume v．假定；设想→assuming conj.假定；假设 4．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．消费者；用户；客户 5．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐 6．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸 7．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学 8．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养 9．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的→deepen vt.加深；(使)变深
重点词组 1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5．for instance例如；比如
重点句型 1．Indeed，his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。 2．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 3．Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种已经让他变得相当富有，有的人可能认为，他会退休过一种休闲的生活。 4．Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains，and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
Yuan Longping,known as the "father of hybridrice",yet,considers himself a farmer.Yuan was born in 1930 in Beijing.Though his parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine,he chose to study agriculture to tackle the crisis of poor harvests and starvation,which concerned him most.After graduating in 1953, Yuan worked as a researcher and realised that boosting yields in the fields is the solution.It was a challenge .Through intense effort,Yuan Longping overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice in 1974,one of whose characteristic is that they usually attain a higher yield.For his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards.As a man of the soil,he makes large donations to support agricultural research.His ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams impresses people most,and everyone is waiting to see his next visions.
袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，然而，他认为自己是个农民。袁隆平于1930年出生于北京。虽然他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的职业，但他选择学习农业来解决粮食歉收和饥饿的危机。这是他最关心的问题。1953年毕业后，袁隆平做了一名研究员，并意识到提高田地产量才是解决方法。这是一个挑战。经过艰苦的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，培育出了第一批杂交水稻。杂交水稻的特点之一是它们通常能获得更高的产量。由于他不可估量的贡献，袁隆平获得了无数奖项。身为土地之子，他捐赠巨款支持农业研究。他不断实现梦想的能力给人印象最深，每个人都在等着看到他的下一个愿景。
Passage 2
CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING
When first introduced, chemical farming was a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. However, the long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.
Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.
They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year and also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.
However, chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
化学耕作和有机耕作
当第一次被引进时，化学耕作是防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，长期使用会造成土地受损，对人们的健康造成危害。
有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。有机耕作的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。
他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物, 还种植多种农作物，利用不同层次的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。
然而，化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
人物描写-读后续写高分微技能
1）外貌描写
◆优美的身段：a graceful figure
◆ 匀称的形体：a shapely figure
◆ 痩削的身材：a skinny figure
◆ 细长的身体：a slim figure
◆ 发育良好的身体：a well-developed figure
◆ 仪表堂堂：an imposing/ a dashing/ a handsome/ a striking figure
◆ (人)形体很好：have a good figure
◆ 改善形体：improve one's figure
◆ 看到月光下有一个模糊的人影：see a dark figure in the moonlight
◆ 显露出她优美的身段：show off her lovely figure
◆ 中等身材：an average build
◆ 身材魅梧的人：a well-built man
be optimistic and ambitious 乐观并且有抱负
2.a strong minded person 一个意志坚定的人
3.lovely and good-natured personality 温和可爱的个性
4.a well-built man一个身材魁梧的人
5.have a good figure 体型好
6.a dark figure in the moonlight月光下有个模糊的人影
7.wear shoulder-length hair 留着齐肩发
8.a girl in her early twenties 一个20岁出头的姑娘
9.tie in a pony tail 扎了个马尾辫
10.a weather-worn face 一张饱经风霜的脸
11.a quiet gracious lady 一位娴静有礼的淑女
12.an accomplished young lady 一位年轻的才女
13.be equipped with a keen insight 具有敏锐的洞察力
14.But he was kind and considerate.但是他善良体贴。
15.Her lovely face looked pale.她可爱的面庞看上去苍白。
16.He is with high cheek-bones and a sunken nose.他颧骨高耸,鼻梁塌陷。
17.Once I set a goal,I will make great efforts to realize it.一旦设定了目标,我就会竭尽全力去实现它。
18.He sat in front of them,his dusty face masking his age.他坐在他们前面,满面尘埃掩盖了他的年龄。
19.He is a man with great determination,of whom the perseverance is occasionally unimaginable.他是一个意志坚强的人,有些时候他的毅力是你没法想象的。
20.Her husband was such a kind-hearted and considerate man that he hid the truth for his whole life.她丈夫是一个这么善良且体贴的人,以至于把真相隐瞒了一生。
2） 各种身体出产物的描写
1. 各种"微笑"的常见英语表达法
1) 快活的微笑a bright smile2) 开朗的微笑a broad smile3) 迷人的微笑a charming smile4) 奸笑 a cunning smile5) 幸福的微笑a happy smile6) 令人神往的微笑 an engaging smile7)一丝的微笑a faint smile8)愉快的微笑a pleasant smile 9)满意的微笑a pleased smile10)不自然的微笑a strained smile11)甜蜜的微笑 a sweet smile12) 苦笑a wry smile13) 狞笑a grim smile14) 天真的微笑 an innocent smile15) 和蔼的微笑 a kindly smile16) 轻蔑的微笑 a contemptuous smile
2. 各种"嗓音"的常见英语表达法
1)清晰的嗓音a clear (ringing) voice 2)低沉的嗓音a deep voice3)响亮的嗓音a loud voice 4)低嗓音 a low voice5) 悦耳动听的嗓音a pleasant voice6) 尖利刺耳的嗓音a shrill voice7)温柔的嗓音a soft voice8) 甜美的嗓音a sweet voice9) 尖细的嗓音a thin voice10) 喑哑的嗓音 a toneless voice11) 微弱的嗓音 a weak week(feeble) voice12)高嗓音 a high voice13) 假嗓音 a falsetto voice14) 美妙的嗓音 a fine voice
3. 各种"步态"的常见英语表达法
1)轻盈的步伐a light gait2)沉重的步伐a heavy gait3)昂首阔步的步伐a swaggering gait. 4)驼背弯腰的步态a stooping gait5)摇摇摆摆的步态a swaying gait6)一瘸一拐的步态a limping gait7)缓慢的步态a shuffling gait8) 微跛的步态a halting gait9) 文雅的步态a mincing gait.
4. 各种"身材"的常见英语表达法
1) 优美的身材graceful figure2) 瘦削的身材lean figure3)匀称的身材neat figure4) 丰满的身材plump figure5) 大腹便便的身材paunchy figure6)细长的身材slender figure7)苗条的身材slim figure 8)瘦小的身材slight figure9) 矮壮的身材stocky figure10) 高大的身材 stout figure11) 优美健壮的身材superb figure12)又胖又圆的身材full figure13)笨拙的身材 ungainly figure
5. 各种"脸型"的常见英语表达法
1) 圆圆的脸 round face2) 椭圆的脸 oval face3) 方脸square face4) 长脸 long face5) 瘦削的脸 thin (lean) face6) 胖脸fleshy face7) 浮肿的脸puffy face8) 憔悴的面容 haggard face9) 布满皱纹的脸 wrinkled (lined) face10) 长满粉刺的脸pimpled face11) 泪珠布满的脸tear-stained face12) 长满雀斑的脸freckled face13) 麻脸 pock-marked face14) 眉清目秀的脸蛋finely-cut face15) 面目端正的脸regular face16) 丑脸 disfigured face17) 媚人的脸 charming face18) 刮得精光的脸clean-shaved face19) 黝黑的面孔 swarthy face20) 晒黑的脸 sunburned face21) 秀丽的脸sweet face22) 铁板的面孔 a stern face
6. 各种"眼睛"的常见英语表达法
1) 乌黑的眼睛 dark eyes2) 灰色的眼睛 gray eyes3) 绿色的眼睛 green eyes4) 蔚蓝色的眼睛blue eyes5) 深蓝色的眼睛 violet eyes6) 深棕色的眼睛brown eyes7）淡褐色的眼睛hazel eyes8) 睁得圆圆的眼睛wide-open eyes9) 鼓起来的眼睛bulging eyes10) 深陷的眼睛deep-set eyes11) 凹陷的眼睛sunken eyes12) 斜眼 cross-eyes13) 分开性斜视眼slant eyes14) 独眼的 one-eyed15) 充满血丝的眼睛bloodshot eyes
7. 各种"睫毛"的常见英语表达法
1) 细细的睫毛 thin eyelashes2) 浓密的睫毛 thick eyelashes3) 笔直的睫毛strait eyelashes4) 短睫毛 short eyelashes5) 弯睫毛curving eyelashes
8. 各种"眉毛"的常见英语表达法
1) 浓眉bushy eyebrows2) 粗眉shaggy eyebrows3) 弓形眉毛arched eyebrows4) 描画过的眉毛penciled eyebrows
9. 各种"鼻子"的常见英语表达法
1) 鹰钩鼻子 an aquiline (hooked) nose2) 扁鼻子 flat nose3) 翘鼻子 snub nose4) 笔直的鼻子 straight nose
10. 各种"额头"的常见英语表达法
1) 宽大的额头 a broad forehead2) 突起的额头 a domed forehead3) 高高的额头 a high forehead4) 宽阔的额头 an open forehead5) 窄小的额头 a narrow forehead6) 后塌的额头 a retreating forehead
11. 各种"面颊"的常见英语表达法
1) 红润的双颊 rosy cheeks2) 丰满的双颊chubby cheeks3) 苍白的双颊 pale cheeks4) 粉红的双颊 pink cheeks5) 红光满面的双颊ruddy cheeks6) 深陷的双颊hollow (sunken) cheeks7) 刮得精光的脸颊clean-shaven cheeks8) 涂脂抹粉的脸颊rouged cheeks9) 胡须满面的双颊stubby cheeks10) 布满皱纹的双颊wrinkled cheeks
12. 各种"下巴"的常见英语表达法
1) （胖人的）重下巴a double chin2) 尖尖的下巴 a pointed chin3) 圆圆的下巴 a round chin4) 翘起的下巴 a protruding chin
2) 身体部位描写
1）.有关head的表情描写
1. drop/lower/bend/bow one’s head 低下头
nod one’s head 低头
shake one’s head 摇头
scratch one’s head 挠头 scratch [skr t] 抓；挠
rest one’s head on 把头靠在...上面
bury one’s head 把头埋起来
clear one’s head 清醒一下头脑
feel one’s head spinning 觉得天旋地转 spin [spin] 旋转;眩晕
Head for/towards 朝...走去
翻译小练习：
1.他羞愧地低下了头。
2.他们点头同意。
3.她怀疑地摇摇头。
4.他挠了挠头，一个字也听不懂。
5.她用枕头捂住脑袋。
6.她将头靠在他的肩膀上。
7.我决定去走走，清醒一下头脑。
8.他只喝了一杯就觉得天旋地转。
9.他转身朝门口走去
参考答案：
1. He dropped/lowered/bent/bowed his head in shame.
2. They nodded their heads in agreement.
3. She shook her head in disbelief.
4. He scratched his head, not understanding a word.
5. She buried her head in the pillow.
6. She rested her head on his shoulder.
7. I decided to go for a walk to clear my head.
8. He could feel his head spinning after only one drink.
9. He turned and headed for the door.
2.有关face的表情描写
a bright smile 灿烂的笑容
one’s face brightened 某人的脸上焕发出了光彩
one’s face grow serious表情变得严肃
one’s face looked a little confused 某人看起来有点因惑
one's face flushed/burned with embarrassment. 某人的脸窘得满脸通红
one’s face paled with fright 某人的脸吓得都白了
had a slight frown on one’s face 某人愁眉不展的样子
翻译小练习：
1.他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
2.我给她礼物时，他的脸上焕发出了光彩。
3.他的表情突然严肃起来。
4.他看起来有点因惑。
5.杰克窘得满脸通红。flush [fl ] 脸红
6.她吓得脸都白了。
7.他的脸上现出有点儿愁眉不展的样子。
参考答案：
1. A bright smile appeared on his face.
2. Her face lit up/brightened/glowed when I gave her the present.
3. His face suddenly grew serious.
4. His face looked a little confused.
5. Jack's face flushed/burned with embarrassment.
6. Her face paled with fright.
7. He had a slight frown on his face.
3.有关cheek的表情描写
one’s cheeks burning with shame 某人因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧
one’s cheeks are wet with tears 某人泪流满面
color rushed/flooded to one’s cheeks 某人涨红了脸
a tear slid down one’s cheek 一滴泪顺着某人的脸颊滑落下来
kissed sb on both cheeks 亲了某人的脸颊
翻译小练习:
1.他因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧。
2.她泪流满面。
3.意识到有人在看她，她顿时涨红了脸。
4.一滴泪顺着她的脸颊滑落下来。
5.他亲了亲她的脸颊，然后上了火车。
参考答案：
1. He felt his cheeks burning with shame.
2. Her cheeks were wet with tears.
3. Color rushed/flooded to her cheeks when she realized she was being watched.
4. A tear slid down her cheek.
5. He kissed her on both cheeks and got on the train.
4.有关eye的表情描写
one’s eyes are wide with horror 某人惊恐地瞪大了眼睛
one’s eyes shine with excitement 某人眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒
one’s eyes filled with tears 某人的眼里充满泪水
one’s eyes fall on someplace 某人的目光落在..
look at sb straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛
one’s eyes fix on ...... 某人的目光紧盯着......
one’s eyes scan ...... 某人的眼睛扫视......
one’s eyes dropped to ...... 某人垂下眼睛看着......
翻译小练习:
1.他惊恐地瞪大了眼睛。
2.她笑了，眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
3.她的眼里充满泪水。
4.那条狗饥饿的目光落在我的三明治。fall on/land on...(目光) 落在...
5.她直视父亲的眼睛，诚实地回答了他的问题。
6.他似乎不愿意与我的目光接触。
7.她试图坐起来，目光紧盯着琼的脸。
8.他一刻不停地盯着我。
9.他进屋时眼睛扫视了整个房间。
10.他回答时垂下眼睛看着膝盖。
参考答案：
1. His eyes were wide with horror.
2. She laughed, her eyes shining with excitement.
3. Her eyes filled with tears.
4. The dog's hungry eyes fell on my sandwich.
5. She looked at her father straight in the eye and answered his question truthfully.
6. He seemed unwilling to meet my eyes.
7. She tried to sit up, her eyes fixed on Jean's face.
8. His eyes never left mine.
9. His eyes scanned the room as he entered.
10. His eyes dropped to her lap as she answered.
5.有关mouth的表情描写
关于嘴的动作有：
open one’s mouth 张开嘴
hide one’s yawn 打哈欠
cup one’s mouth 扣住某人的嘴
stuff one’s mouth with something 用......填满嘴巴
形容嘴的状态：
drop open in surprise惊奇地张大了嘴
start watering 开始流口水
heart be in one’s mouth紧张得心都到了喉咙眼
翻译小练习：
1.她张开嘴要说什么,最后什么也没说。
2.他捂住嘴偷偷打了个哈欠。
3.我们惊奇地张大了嘴。
4.闻到食物的香味，我开始流口水了。
5.突然一只手扣住了她的嘴。
6.他的嘴上挂着一丝笑意。
7.他开始往嘴里塞意大利面。stuff [stf] 塞满;填塞
8.他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。
9.我走进她的办公室时，紧张得心都到了喉咙眼。
参考答案：
1.She opened her mouth to say something，but nothing.
2. He covered his mouth to hide his yawn.
3. Our mouths dropped open in surprise.
4. My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.
5. Suddenly a hand cupped her mouth.
6. A smile played around his mouth.
7. He began to stuff his mouth with pasta.
8. He straightened up and looked at me, open-mouthed.
9. My heart was in my mouth when I walked into her office.
6. hand
1. She took the child's hand and helped him climb the steps.她拉住孩子的手牵着他爬上台阶。
2. He reached for her hand and held it tightly. 他伸手抓住她的手并紧紧握住。
3. They walked along, holding hands.他们手拉手并肩走着。
4. He held the key in his hand.他手里拿着钥匙。
5. He grasped the rope with both hands.他双手抓着绳子。
6. He shook my hands as if we were long lost friends.他握住我的手好像我们是失散多年的朋友。
7. She smiled and hold out/reach out a hand in welcome.她笑着伸出一只手表示欢迎。
8. She put her hands to her cheeks in embarrassment.窘迫之中她用双手捂住了脸。
9. Several students raised their hands to answer the question.几个学生举手回答问题。
10. He slid his hands into his pockets.他悄悄地将手插进口袋里。
11. She shrugged and spread her hands.'That's all I can tell you.'她耸耸肩，摊开双手说：“我只能告诉你这么多了。”
12. She shivered, rubbing her hands together fiercely.她一边颤抖，一边使劲搓着双手。
13. Her hands shook/trembled as she lifted the glass to her lips.她的手颤抖着把杯子送到唇边。
14. A strong hand reached out and caught hold of her arm.一只有力的手伸了出来抓住了她的手臂。
15. I cupped my hand over the phone so they couldn't hear me. 我用手捂住电话，免得他们听到我的话。
16. He sat with his head in his hands.他双手抱着坐着。
17. They walked hand in hand along the path. 他们手拉手沿着小路走。
finger
1. The teacher raised a warning finger and we stopped talking.老师举起一根手指，警告我们停止讲话。
2. She took off his bandages with gentle fingers.她用她轻柔的手指取下了他的绷带。
3. 'It was them!' she cried, pointing an accusing finger at the boys.“是他们！”她叫到，用手指着那些男孩们。
4. She raised/held up a finger to her lip to ask for silence.她举起手指到嘴边，要我们安静。
5. 'None of that!' cried the teacher, wagging/waving her finger.“一个都不是！”老师叫到，挥舞着她的手指。
6. I dipped my finger in the sauce and licked it. 我用手指蘸了一下酱油，并尝了一下。
7. He was drumming his fingers nervously>他紧张地用他的手指轻轻地敲着椅子扶手。
8. He snapped his fingers and the waiter came running.
他打了个响指，侍者跑了过来。
arm
1. They are sure to welcome you with open arms.他们一定会张开双臂欢迎你。
2. He was running forward, waving his arms.他正向前跑去，挥舞着手臂。
3. He stood there with crossed arms, looking angry.他站在那里，双手交叉抱在胸前，看上去很生气。
4. She folded her arms and stared at him.她双手交叉，盯着他看。
5. He held out/opened his arms with a broad smile.他咧开嘴，张开了双臂。
6. He reached out a hand and caught hold of/grabbed/took/ her arm.他伸出一只手，抓住她的手臂。
7. She moved closer to her father and took his arm.她靠近她父亲，并抓住他的手臂。
8. They walked along arm in arm.他们手挽手一起走。
9. He ran up to her and put/threw/ his arms around her.他向她跑去，双手抱着她。
10. He pulled her into his arms and kissed her.他把她拉进怀抱，吻了她。
11. She stood, looking at him with arms akimbo.她站立着，双手叉腰。
shoulder
1. I tapped the man>我拍拍这个人的肩膀，叫他走开。
2. When I asked him why he had done it, he just shrugged his shoulders.当我问他为什么这么做时，他只是耸耸肩。
3. My shoulders dropped with relief.我的肩膀松弛了下来。
4. The child sat>这个小孩坐在他父亲的肩膀上看着游行队伍经过。
5. He shouldered open the door.他用肩膀顶开了门。
6. She shouldered her way through the crowd.他用肩膀在人群中挤出一条路来。
7. He looked (back) over his shoulder.他回头看。
heart
1. With a heavy/sinking/broken heart, she watched him go.她看着他离去，心很沉重/心碎了。
2. He set off with a light heart.他出发了，心情很轻松。
3. His sad story touched her heart.他的忧伤的故事打动了她。
4. Her words pierced my heart.她的话刺痛了我的心。
5. Just follow your heart and you'll be happy.听从你的内心，你才会快乐。
6. Finally, he broke down in tears and poured out his heart to her.他忍不住痛哭流涕，向她倾诉了他的心声。
7. Relief filled his heart. 他如释重负。
8. Her heart leaped with joy.她的心高兴得都要跳出来了。
9. My heart aches when I think of their sorrow. 当我想到他们的悲痛时，我的心很痛。
10. Inside, his heart was slowly breaking.在内心，他的心在慢慢地碎裂。
11. He smiled and her heart melted.他笑了，她的心融化了。
12. Her heart is beating fast.她的心跳的很快。
13. Her heart was pounding with excitement.她的心激动地砰砰直跳。
14. His heart thumped with fear.她的心因为害怕而砰砰直跳。
15. My heart began to thump wildly.我的心开始狂跳起来。
16. Her heart seemed to miss a beat. 我的心跳仿佛停了一下。
17. Those words can make your heart skip a beat and bring tears to your eyes. 这些话能让你的心停跳一拍，然后让你哭。
11. back
1. He bends/hunches his back when he walks.当他走路的时候，他弓着背。
2. He yawned and stretched his back as he got out of bed.他起床的时候，打了个哈欠，并伸了个懒腰。
3. He leaned his back against the bar.他斜倚着这根棍子。
4. He smiled and gave me a hearty slap/pat>他笑笑，在我背脊上热情地拍了一下。
5. They tied his hands behind his back.他们把他的双手绑在他的背后。
6. He was carrying a small child>他正背着一个小孩。
7. She was lying. 她正躺在沙发上。
8. He backed slowly out of the room.他慢慢地退出了房间。
9. He took a step forward and she nervously backed away.他向前走了一步，她紧张地往后退。
12. foot
1. He got shakily to his feet.他颤抖地站了起来。
2. She jumped to her feet when she heard the news.当她听到这个消息时，她跳了起来。
3. She was tapping/stamping her feet impatiently.她不耐烦地跺着脚，来回走动。
4. She dragged her feet as she reluctantly followed her parents.她不情愿地跟在父母后面，拖着脚步。
5. My feet slipped as I was about to shoot and I missed the ball.我脚下滑了一下当我正要射门的时候，一脚踢空。
6. They carried him out of the room with his feet kicking.他们把他拖出房间，他的脚在空中乱踢。
7. He shivered as his feet touched the cold floor.当他的脚一碰到冰冷的地板时，他哆嗦了一下。
8. He likes to put his feet up and watch TV when he gets home.当他回家的时候，他喜欢搁着脚看电视。
13. knee
1. Suddenly her knees buckled/ weakened and she fell to the floor.突然，她双膝一软，跪倒在地。
2. He hugged his knees to keep warm.他抱膝取暖。
3. He went/got down>他双膝跪地，祈求原谅。
4. She sat>她坐在她爸爸的膝盖上，她爸爸给她读故事的时候。
5. He was>他跪在地上，寻找着丢失的戒指。
14. leg
1. She crossed the finish line>她用她那疲惫的双腿穿过了终点线。
2. He rose to his feet>他双腿颤抖地站了起来。
3. I moved the chair away from the table so I could cross my legs.我把椅子从桌子那里移开，这样我就可以交叉我的双腿了。
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　主语从句
一、主语从句的基本用法
1．主语从句的引导词
[观察例句]
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还有待观察。
What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
今天我的所见所闻给我留下了非常深刻的印象。
Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.
触犯本法者应予以罚款。
Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive a prize.
(你们中)谁先进来谁就会得奖。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
我们在什么地方做这个测试还在讨论中。
[归纳用法]
类别 例词 说明
从属连词 that, whether 两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；that无实义，whether表示“是否”。
连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
连接副词 when, where, how, why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
[名师点津]　主语从句中连接词的选择技巧
(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。
(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。
[即学即练1]——用whether, that, whoever填空
① she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.
② we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
③Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
【答案】1.That 2.Whether 3.whoever
2．it作形式主语
[观察例句]
It's possible that he has been to Beijing.
他有可能去过北京。
It's a pity that you didn't attend the meeting.
你没参加这次会议太可惜了。
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
It is important that he should know about this.
他应该知道此事是重要的。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
[归纳用法]
为保持句子平衡，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important, (un)likely，possible, necessary, natural, wrong等。
It＋系动词＋名词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact，idea，honour，question，pity等。
It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词，有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等。
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。
[名师点津]
(1)在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。
(2)在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。
[即学即练2]——完成句子
①很可惜你不能来参加我的生日聚会。
that you can't attend my birthday party.
②有人建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。
that the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest.
③在我看来你好像不赞成这个计划。
that you disagree with the plan.
【答案】1.It's a pity2.It's suggested 3.It seems to me
二、主语从句中应注意的问题
1．从句要用陈述语序
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪儿找一份工作使他很困惑。
[名师点津]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
[即学即练3]——单句语法填空
①When we will set off is(be)still under discussion.
②When and where the meeting will be held has(have)not been decided.
【答案】1.is2.has
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
2．Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
3． Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
4． we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
5．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
6． the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
7．I think impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
8．Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
9． makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
10． you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
【答案】1.that 2.Whatever 3.Where 4.How 5.when 6.When 7.what 8.what 9.What 10.What