（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题04. 选择性必修第2册　Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land

一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题04.选择性必修第2册　Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．craft n．手艺；工艺；技艺 2．scenery n．风景；景色 3．spectacular adj.壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的 n．壮丽的场面；精彩的表演 4．mall n．(also shopping mall)购物商场；购物广场 5．prairie n．北美草原 6．harbour (especially US harbor) n．(海)港；港口 7．enrol (especially US enroll) vi.& vt.(使)加入；注册；登记 8．quarry n．采石场 9．dusk n．黄昏；傍晚 10．bay n．(海或湖的)湾 11．literally adv.字面上；真正地 12．peak n．顶峰；山峰；尖形 13．goat n．山羊 14．grizzly bear n．灰熊 15．drill vi.& vt.钻(孔)；打(眼) n．钻(头)；训练；演习 16．frost n．霜；严寒天气；霜冻 vt.使蒙上霜 vi.结霜 17．duration n．持续时间；期间 18．proceed vi.行进；继续做 19．steel n．钢；钢铁工业 20．cobblestone adj.铺有鹅卵石的 21．coherent adj.有条理的；清楚易懂的 重点单词 1．airline n．航空公司 2．antique n．古物；古董 adj.古老的；古董的 3．arise vi.(arose，arisen)起身；出现；由……引起 4．bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会 5．awesome adj.令人惊叹的；可怕的；很好的 6．highlight n．最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出；强调；使醒目 7．anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望 8．bunch n．束；串；捆 9．thunder vi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动 n．雷声；轰隆声 10．curtain n．窗帘 11．border n．国界；边界(地区) 12．idiom n．习语；成语 13．contrary adj.相反的；相对立的 n．相反的事实(或事情) 14．anyhow adv.(结束交谈或转换话题时)不过；反正 15．alongside prep.在……旁边；与……一起 adv.在旁边 16．shore n．岸；滨 17．accent n．口音 18．owe vt.欠(账、债、情等) 19．toast n．烤面包片；吐司；干杯 vt.为……干杯 vi.烤(尤指面包)
词汇拓展 1．pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的→please vt.(使)高兴；(使)满意→pleased adj.高兴的；满意的→pleasing adj.令人愉快的→pleasure n．快乐；乐趣 2．massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的→mass n．团；堆；许多；大量 3．breath n．呼吸的空气→breathe v．呼吸 4．freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的→frozen adj.结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的 5．astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→astonishing adj.惊人的；令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶 6．mist n．薄雾；水汽→misty adj.多雾的；模糊的 7．advertisement n．(informal ad)广告；启事→advertise vi.& vt.(为……)做广告/宣传；征聘 8．photographer n．摄影师；拍照者→photograph n．照片vi.& vt.(为……)拍照→photography n．摄影；摄影术
重点词组 1．take sb.’s breath away令人惊叹 2．a bunch of一束；一串；一群；大量 3．contrary to相反的；相对立的 4．proceed to sth.进而做(参加) 5．owe sth.to sb.欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人
重点句型 1．Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 没有选择一路坐商务航班旅行，她们决定先飞往温哥华，然后乘坐火车。 2．Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 从火车的窗户向外看，外面是连绵起伏的山脉和大片的森林。 3．Looking at the beautiful scenery，they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. 看着这美丽的风景，她们俩人一致认为，这是她们有生以来最棒的旅行。 4．Since it can be too cold to go outdoors，Edmonton is home to many shopping malls. 因为天太冷不能去户外，埃德蒙顿成了许多购物广场的所在地。 5．It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario，Toronto. 直到上午9：30，她们才最终抵达安大略的省会多伦多。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
VANCOUVER AND THE HEART OF CANADA
Li Daiyu and Liu Qian decided to travel across the whole Canada to visit their cousins by rail, which excited them a lot. Before starting out, they stayed in Vancouver to enjoy the views. Despite the rainy season, they took a boat ride into the bay, had a spectacular view of the city on the mountains and took a pleasant hike in a forest. It took them a duration of four days to travel from Vancouver to Toronto. Firstly, the girls headed for Lake Louise. Along the way, while they were impressed with the massive mountains and forests, the blue lake water also took their breath away. One highlight of their awesome journey was seeing a variety of creatures. On the way to Toronto, they passed Edmonton, the centre of Canada's heavy industry and a shopping paradise as well. Heading southeast, they went through two wheat-growing provinces and passed through rolling hills, witnessing bushes and maple trees of various colours. After four days’ travel, they reached Toronto eventually.
坐火车看“真北方”温哥华与加拿大腹地
李黛予和刘倩决定乘坐火车横穿整个加拿大去探望他们的表兄妹，这让她们姐妹俩激动不已。出发前，她们在温哥华欣赏当地风光。尽管是雨季，她们仍然泛舟入海湾，山顶揽胜，还去森林中徒步旅行，十分惬意。从温哥华到多伦多，她们的旅行总共历时四天。首先，两个女孩前往路易斯湖。沿途，她们惊艳于加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林，同时，湛蓝的湖水也摄人心魄。而这场精彩旅程的亮点之一是能看到种类繁多的动物。在去往多伦多的路上，她们还经过了埃德蒙顿，这里既是加拿大的重工业中心，同时也是购物天堂。继续往东南走，她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份和绵延的群山，看到各种颜色的灌木丛和枫树林。历时四天，她们最终到达了多伦多。
Passage 2
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL
TORONTO AND MONTREAL
Before they proceeded to Montreal, Daiyu and her cousin only had a few hours in Toronto, so they went on a tour of the city. Standing on the CN tower and looking into the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls and water flowing to the sea. At dusk, they had dinner with Lin Fei, who told them about the influence of China on Canada. Saying goodbye to Toronto, they headed for Montreal, where they were surprised to see people there speak French and many speak English with an accent. While touring Montreal, they visited artists in their workplaces and chatted with a photographer, from whom they learned about the unique Quebec culture and traditions there. That night on the train bound for Halifax, they had a dream, anticipating the wonderful tour awaiting them.
坐火车看“真北方”：多伦多和蒙特利尔
多伦多是加拿大最大、最富有的城市，李黛予和表妹仅有几个小时的时间可以待在那里，然后就得继续前往下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛。登上加拿大国家电视塔远眺，她们看到尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，看到湖水最终汇入大海，惊叹不已。黄昏时分，她们和林菲共进晚餐，期间，林菲给姐妹俩介绍了中国对加拿大的影响。告别多伦多之后，她们到达蒙特利尔，在那里她们惊讶地发现人们用法语交谈，而且许多人说英语都有口音。在蒙特利尔观光期间，她们拜访工作坊里的艺术家们，和一名摄影师聊天，并了解到了这座城市独特的魁北克文化和传统。那晚在开往哈利法克斯市的火车上，姐妹俩在睡梦中憧憬着等待他们的精彩之旅。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
感动心理描写
1.词汇和短语
①affect vt. 感动；感染
②move vt. 感动
③moved adj. 感人的
④moving adj. 令人感动的
⑤touched adj. 感动的
⑥affection/sensation n. 感动
⑦satisfaction n. 满意
⑧satisfy vt. 满足，使满意
⑨content adj. 满意的，甘愿的
⑩proud adj. 自豪的；骄傲的
2.句子
①Touched deeply/immensely, we…被深深感动，我们……
②Tears filling her eyes, she offered her heartfelt gratitude.她热泪盈眶，表示衷心的感谢。
③With tears streaming down her face, she...泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来，……
④I feel content about…我对某事感到满足。
⑤I feel satisfactory about..我对某事感到满意。
⑥That it’s those small daily happenings that make life so spectacular.
就是一些生活的琐碎让生命壮丽。
⑦The explanation is a satisfactory / satisfying one. 这是一种令人满意的解释。
⑧My heart surge, like the tiny waves from a mirror of the lake. For a long time, my heart is filled with gratitude and joy.我心潮腾涌，就像平如镜的湖泊泛起层层的微波，半晌，心里都是感激和喜悦。
⑨At this time, my heart is like a dry riverbed slowly moistened by a trickle of water.
此时，我的心像是断流的河床被涓涓的细流慢慢滋润
⑩There seems to be a warm current shuttling in the small atrium in the heart.
心里似乎有一股暖流在小小的心房中穿梭。
Tears flowed from my eyes and slipped gently to my mouth. But I smiled, tasting the sweet tears.泪水从眼眶中流出，轻轻地滑落到嘴边，可是，我尝尝这甜甜的泪，笑了。
It is like a hot spring, flowing into my heart slowly and running all over my body.
它犹如一股温泉，慢慢地流入我的心田，流遍我的全身。
My nose being very sour, I put on the gloves with tears restrained from my eyes. Jane was smiling knowingly.
我的鼻子酸酸的，忍着想要夺眶而出的眼泪，带上了手套，Jane会心地笑了。
For him, it may have been a joke, but it moved me to tears in a flash.
对他来说，也许这是调侃的，但刹那间使我感动到热泪盈眶。
Looking at the "soaked" mother and her kind face, I feel a warm flow in my heart. I can not help but cry again.
望着“落汤鸡”似的妈妈，望着她那亲切的面孔，我感到一股暖流淌在我的心田，我不禁又哭了起来。
I felt a warm upsurge in my heart. Tears could not help flowing down.
我感到一股暖烘烘的热潮涌上心头，泪水不由自主的流淌下来。
It was an event that happened in the school last year. But it is now still fresh in my mind and keeps me touched all the time.
那是去年发生在学校的一件事，却让我记忆犹新，至今令我感动不已。
With a score of 100 on my English test, I could not restrain my joy and flew into the house like a bird.
英语测验得了100分，我抑制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。
I went into the dream unconsciously. In the dream I jouyously flew in the blue sky with grown wings with five colors. We were overjoyed. The wind seemed to be blowing under our feet and we walked fast and vigorously. 我不知不觉进入了梦境，梦见自己长出了五色翅膀，在蓝天里飞呀飞，真是快乐无比。大家心里说不出有多高兴，脚下好像生了风，走得又快又有劲。
This must be the feeling of the sun shining in the heart, gently and softly.这便是太阳光照在心里的感觉吧，轻轻柔柔地洒进心房。
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　过去分词作表语和状语
[观察例句]
1．The girls were amazed to see such an open country.
2．Do you feel frightened when going into the wilderness alone
3．Seen from the top of the mountain，the scenery was really fascinating.
4．Finally，the company—headed by its new manager—started to make a profit.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的amazed和例句2中的frightened为过去分词作表语。
2．例句3中的Seen和例句4中的headed为过去分词作状语，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往含有完成的意思。
一、过去分词作表语
1．意义
位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。
She looked disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is broken.
杯子碎了。(系表结构)
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态)
3．现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
过去分词 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”
现在分词 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”
They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.
他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。
The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.
形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。
[即学即练1]　 用所给动词的正确形式填空
①I was too (tire) to walk any further.
②When he heard the story，he was deeply ．(move)
③Tom was more (surprise) than (disappoint) at this news.
【答案】1.tired 2.moving ，moved3.surprised ，disappointed
二、过去分词(短语)作状语
1．意义
过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。
2．过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置
(1) 过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。
When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”．(时间状语)
当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。
Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。
Greatly inspired by what he did，I joined him in helping others.(原因状语)在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。
Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语)
虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。
He has been preparing his paper all day long，locked in his study.(方式状语)
锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。
The guest walked into the room，greeted by the host.(伴随状语)
客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。
(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。
Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
He stood there silently，moved to tears.
＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently.
他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。
[即学即练2]　写出下列句中黑体部分分别作什么状语
①Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
原因状语
②Time，used correctly，is money in the bank.
条件状语
③If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.
条件状语
④Seated at the table，my father and I were talking about my job.
方式状语
⑤When (you are) given a medical examination，you should keep calm.
时间状语
3．过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况
(1)过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。
Seen from the top of the mountain(＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。
Encouraged by the progress he has made(＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made)，he works harder.
由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
(2)过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。
The teacher came into the room，followed by two students(＝and was followed by two students)．
后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。
He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study(＝and was locked in his study)．
他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。
(3)过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party.
即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。
Unless you are asked to speak(＝Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting.
除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。
(4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。
The test finished，we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假了。
More time given，we could have done it much better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
[即学即练3]　句型转换
①When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent.
→ ，the children all kept silent.
②If we are united，we will make our life better.
→ ，we will make our life better.
③Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it.
→ ，we went on with it.
【答案】1.When asked who had broken the vase
2.If united3.Exhausted by the hard work
4．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。
Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine.
沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。
Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest.完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。
(2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention，the tree could have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。
Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
[即学即练4]　单句语法填空
① (impress) by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time.
② (look) out of the window，I found many children playing on the playground.
【答案】1.Impressed 2.Looking
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Both he and I are (satisfy) with the result.
2．The news was (excite) and they were all (excite) at it.
3．We all felt (encourage) at the (encourage) news.
4．When (face) with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.
5．If (give) better attention，the serious accident could have been avoided.
6．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， (allow) more patients to be treated.
7． (found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
8．Much time (spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
9． (absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
10． (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.
【答案】1.satisfied 2.exciting 3.encouraged ，encouraging4.faced 5.given 6.allowing 7.Founded 8.spent 9.Absorbed 10.Raised