（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题05. 选择性必修第2册　Unit 5 First Aid

一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题05.选择性必修第2册　Unit 5 First Aid
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．leaflet n．散页印刷品；传单；小册子 2．toxin n．毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) 3．layer n．层；表层；层次 4．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 5．swell vi.(swelled，swollen)膨胀，肿胀 6．blister n．(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡 7．underneath prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面 8．nerve n．神经 9．paramedic n．急救医生；护理人员 10．swallow vt.& vi.吞下；咽下 11．bathtub n．浴缸；浴盆 12．drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没 13．sprain vt.扭伤(关节) n．扭伤 14．diner n．(尤指餐馆的)就餐者 15．throat n．咽喉；喉咙 16．organ n．(人或动植物的)器官 17．ray n．光线；光束；(热、电等)射线 18．radiation n．辐射；放射线 19．acid n．酸 adj.酸的；酸性的 20．millimetre n．毫米；千分之一米 21．fabric n．织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构 22．mosquito n．(pl.-oes，-os)蚊子 23．IV needle静脉注射针 24．ward n．病房 25．ankle n．踝；踝关节 26．motion n．运动；移动 27．membership n．会员身份；全体会员；会员人数 28．slap vt.(用手掌)打、拍 n．(用手掌)打、拍；拍击声 29．obstruction n．阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物 30．manual n．使用手册；说明书 adj.用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的 重点单词 1．technique n．技能；技术；技艺 2．victim n．受害者；患者 3．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的 4．ease vi.& vt.使(宽慰)；减轻；缓解 n．容易；舒适；自在 5．wrap vt.包，裹；(用手臂等)围住 6．bath n．洗澡；(BrE＝bathtub)浴缸；浴盆；洗澡水 vt.(NAmE＝bathe)给……洗澡 7．slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走 n．滑倒；小错误；纸条 8．elderly adj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的 9．carpet n．地毯 10．ambulance n．救护车 11．delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事) vt.耽误；耽搁 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟 12．needle n．针；缝衣针；注射针；指针 13．panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n．惊恐；恐慌 14．scream vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫 n．尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音 15．fellow adj.同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的 n．男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类 16．choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽 17．steak n．牛排；肉排 18．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 19．fist n．拳；拳头 20．grab vt.抓住；攫取 n．抓取；抢夺 21．welfare n．幸福；福祉；安康；福利 22．collapse vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒 23．suburb n．郊区；城外
词汇拓展 1．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数民族 2．electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的→electricity n．电；电学 3．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urge vt.力劝；敦促；强烈要求 n．强烈的愿望 4．operator n．电话接线员；操作员→operate vt.操作；运转；动手术→operation n．运转；手术 5．bleeding n．流血；失血→bleed vi.(bled，bled)流血；失血→blood n．血液；血 6．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断→interruption n．打扰 7．practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的→practice n．练习；实践；惯例→practically adv.几乎；差不多；实际上 8．tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地→tighten vt.(使)变紧；(使)加紧 9．justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由→justice n．正义；公正 10．foggy adj.有雾的→fog n．雾
重点词组 1．sense of touch触觉 2．electric shock触电；电击 3．help sb.to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来 4．vital sign生命体征 5．face up/down面朝上(朝下) 6．sleep in迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉 7．out of shape健康状况不好 8．mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing口对口人工呼吸
重点句型 1．As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 正如你能想象的，被灼烧可能会导致非常严重的损伤。 2．You can get burnt by a variety of things：... 你可能会被各种各样的东西烧伤：…… 3．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 4．Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 陈伟是北京的一个高中生，当他听到另一个桌子的一个人正在尖叫时，他停下了吃饭。 5．They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left. 离开前，他们建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
FIRST AID
Skin, the largest organ of the body, is a barrier against toxins and rays and gives you your sense of touch. Therefore, applying first-aid techniques can avoid serious injuries from burns.
Burns are mainly caused by fire, radiation, acids, etc. There are three types of burns. First-degree burns, usually caused by minor incidents, only affect the top few millimeters of the skin. Going below the top layer of the skin, second-degree burns often go with swollen skin and blisters. Third-degree burns, like the ones caused by electric shocks, affect every layer of the skin.
Below are some first-aid techniques for burns. Firstly, place burns under running water without delay to ease the swelling. Secondly, dry the burnt area. Thirdly, remove clothes unless the fabric sticks to the burnt skin. Fourthly, cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Fifthly, make sure the victim can breathe. Lastly, it is urgent to take the victim to the hospital immediately if he/she is suffering from second or third-degree burns.
急救
皮肤是人体最大的器官，是一道屏障，能阻挡毒素、光线的入侵，还会使你拥有触觉。所以，当烧伤的时候，采取急救措施可以避免严重后果。
明火，辐射、酸性物质等很多东西都会造成烧伤。烧伤可以分为三种类型。一度烧伤通常是由轻微的事故造成的，仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。二度烧伤伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位，通常伴随着皮肤肿胀和起水泡。三度烧伤，比如电击灼伤，会伤及每一层皮肤。
以下是一些处理烧伤的急救技能。首先，毫不迟延地将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗以缓解肿胀。第二，吸干烧伤部位的水分。第三，脱掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非布料与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。第四，用干净宽松的布盖住烧伤部位。第五，确保受伤者仍可呼吸。最后，如果伤者是二度或者三度烧伤，必须紧急送往医院。
Passage 2
On a foggy day, Chen Wei had his dinner interrupted when hearing a fellow diner screaming. Choking on some steak, an elderly man Zhang Tao was holding his throat while his desperate friends were slapping his back with panic.
Before an ambulance arrived, Chen had helped Zhang to his feet and done the Heimlich maneuver, a practical way to save choking victims before they collapse.
When seeing someone choking, perform Heimlich maneuver by wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand, grab your fist with the other hand tightly, and then push up and into his stomach in one motion until the obstruction is forced out
If the victim is a small child, lay him face down on your lap and give slaps to his upper back
With choking victims, every minute counts. When seeing someone choking, nobody can justify doing nothing. We all have a responsibility to look after one another s welfare.
在一个雾（的）天，陈伟突然听到一个客人（fellow同伴）的尖叫，他的晚餐被打断了。一个叫张涛的老年(的)人被牛排 噎住了，只见他按着喉咙，他绝望的朋友们正面带惊恐地拍打他的背部。
在救护车来到之前，陈伟帮张涛站了起来，实施海姆立克急救法, 这是一种在噎食者瘫倒在地之前拯救他们的有效的方法。
当你发现有人被噎住，实施海姆立克急救法。具体做法是: 用双臂环抱其腰部。只手握拳，另一只手紧紧地握住拳头，快速用力向上在里挤压（motion移动）一直到异物排出。
如果噎食者是小孩，应该将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上然后用力拍打其上背部，救助噎食者，分秒必争。当发现有人被噎，每个人都没有理由袖手旁观。我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
喜悦心理描写
1.词汇和短语
①cheer n．& vi.　　　　　 欢呼；喝彩
②delight n. 快乐；乐事
③pleasure n. 高兴，愉快
④happiness n. 幸福，愉快
⑤please vt. 使人高兴
⑥excited adj. 激动的
⑦thrilled adj. 兴奋的
⑧pleased adj. 高兴的
⑨merry adj. 愉快的
⑩be in high spirits 心情好
burst into laughter 突然大笑起来
be wild with joy 欣喜若狂
couldn’t contain his joy 抑制不住欣喜
crack a smile 展颜微笑
laugh a hearty laugh 开怀大笑
2.句子
①His eyes twinkled with pleasure.他的眼睛闪烁着快乐。
②A smile of understanding flashed across his face.他脸上露出了一种理解的微笑。
③A ripple of excitement ran through them.一阵激动声穿过他们。
④Laughter lingered around the room.笑声在房间里萦绕。
⑤The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
⑥A wild gaiety（快乐）took hold of her.一种疯狂的快乐控制了她。
⑦Unforgettable were her eyes that shone like diamonds and lips held in a steady smile.令人难忘的是她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光，嘴角保持着稳定的微笑。
⑧Amusement gleamed in his eyes.他眼睛流露出愉快的神情。
⑨I was pleased beyond description.我高兴得难以形容。
⑩She wore a shining smile on her face.她脸上带着灿烂的笑容
Her smile lit up the whole room.她的笑容照亮了整个房间。
She shed tears of joy.她高兴得流下了眼泪。
Her eyes were sparkling like diamonds.她的眼睛闪着钻石般的光芒。
She was overflowing with happiness.她洋溢着幸福。
Her flushed face was shining with excitement.她激动得满脸通红。
Joy welled up inside her.她心中涌起喜悦。
I was floating on air.我漂浮在空中。
His face beamed.他脸上露出了笑容。
As my father helped me get on the tricycle, I burst into tears with great joy. “I am able to walk agaain!” I thought with great cheer.当我爸扶我上三轮车，我开心地哭了起来。“我重新可以行走了！”我开心地想到。
I couldn’t believe what I had seen. My body began to shake with excitement.我简直难以相信我看到的一切。我的身体激动地颤抖了起来。
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　复习动词 ing形式
[观察例句]
1．As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
2．You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
3．The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
4．It is best to place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.
5．If you see someone choking，first call the emergency services.
6．In 1974，an American doctor，Henry Heimlich，created the Heimlich manoeuvre，saving thousands of lives around the world.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的getting为动词 ing形式在句中作主语。
2．例句2中的covering为动词 ing形式在句中作宾语。
3．例句3中的giving为动词 ing形式在句中作表语。
4．例句4中的running为动词 ing形式在句中作定语。
5．例句5中的choking为动词 ing形式在句中作宾语补足语。
6．例句6中的saving为动词 ing形式在句中作状语。
一、动词 ing形式的基本情况
1．动词 ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词 ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
2．动词 ing形式的时态和语态：
　　　　语态 时态　　　 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Having studied his lessons very hard，he passed the exam.
努力学习了功课， 他通过了考试。
The building being built now will be finished next month.
正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。
二、动词 ing形式作主语
1．动词 ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
Saying is one thing，and doing is another.
说是一回事，而做是另一回事。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。
[名师点津]
动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
2．形式主语it代替动词 ing形式作主语。
此类句式常见的有：
It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的
It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
It is no good/use regretting for the past.
悔恨过去是没用的。
3．v. ing形式和to do作主语时的区别。
v． ing形式和to do都可以作主语。v. ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，to do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)
Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend's birthday party is my dream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①I can't stand (work) with Jane in the same office.
②It's no use (complain) without taking action.
③ (volunteer) just feels so good.
④ (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family.
【答案】1.working 2.complaining 3.Volunteering 4.Being invited
三、动词 ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语。接v. ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：
avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免错过少延期
advise，finish，practise 建议完成多练习
enjoy，imagine，can't help 喜欢想象禁不住
admit，deny，envy 承认否定与嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅
stand，keep，mind 忍受保持不介意
He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.
他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
She can't stand being looked down upon in public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2．作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中，常用动词 ing形式作介词的宾语： be good at擅长；dream of梦想；care about在乎；be concerned about关心；be interested in对……感兴趣；feel like想要；insist on坚持；think of认为；aim at瞄准；set about开始做；be used to习惯于；get down to开始做；lead to导致；devote oneself to 献身于……；look forward to 期待；stick to 坚持；pay attention to注意；give up放弃等。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow.
因为天气不好， 他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。
3．在以下结构中，动词 ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend...(in) doing花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing...做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from) doing阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in) doing做某事毫无意义
He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。
There is no point giving him such a good chance.
给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。
[即学即练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空
①I'm looking forward to hearing (hear) from you.
②He devotes himself to looking (look) into the matter.
③She likes spending much money buying (buy) clothes for herself.
4．动词 ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况
(1)动词 ing的复合结构
＋动词 ing
His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry.
他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。
Would you mind my/me closing the window
你介意我关上窗户吗？
Would you mind Mary's/Mary closing the window
你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？
[名师点津]
动词 ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。
Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词 ing作宾语。
①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词 ing作宾语，意义基本相同。
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。
②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词 ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词 ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。
It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体)今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。
③一些动词后既可跟动词 ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。
[名师点津]
对比记忆作宾语的动词含义
They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.
他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。
They stopped working and had a rest.
他们停止工作，休息了一下。
(3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词 ing形式。
其结构如下：
主语＋it＋＋doing...
I found it useless/no use arguing about it.
我发现争论这件事没有用。
Do you consider it any good trying again
你觉得再试会有用吗？
(4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词 ing形式表示被动意义，即need/require/want/deserve doing＝need/require/want/ deserve to be done。
These clothes need washing.＝These clothes need to be washed.这些衣服需要洗。
The house requires repairing.＝The house requires to be repaired.这座房子需要修理。
(5)在(be) worth后面只能用动词 ing形式来表示被动意义。
The film is worth seeing a second time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
[即学即练3]　单句语法填空
(1)①I remember (see) her before，but I can't remember when it was.
②You must remember (tell) Jackson the news tonight.
(2)①I didn't mean (visit) him yesterday afternoon.
②Giving up your plan means (lose) a large amount of money.
(3)①All of us stopped (talk) when we saw our teacher come in.
②She felt thirsty，so she stopped (get) a drink of water.
【答案】1.seeing ，to tell2.to visit，losing3.talking ， to get
四、动词 ing形式作表语
作表语的动词 ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
One of his weaknesses is telling lies.
＝Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.
他的缺点之一就是说谎。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
＝Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.
他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
2．现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
Her performance is very entertaining，which brings us much pleasure.
她的表演非常有趣， 给我们带来很多乐趣。
The trip is very exciting，and we have decided to have a similar one.这次旅行很是激动人心， 我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。
[名师点津]
作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
[即学即练4]　单句语法填空
①Going into hospital can be very (frighten) for a child.
②Henry's job is (teach) physics in a local middle school.
③Your task is (clean) the old car over there on your own.
【答案】1.frightening 2.teaching/to teach3.cleaning
五、动词 ing作定语
1．动名词(短语)作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，常置于被修饰的名词前。
There is a swimming pool in our school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.在阅览室里学生们不许大声喧哗。
2．现在分词(短语)作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。
The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.＝The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates.
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.＝ The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。
[名师点津]
单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词后。
[即学即练5]　单句语法填空
①The topic (discuss) now has drawn some experts' attention.
②Grandma came into my bedroom with a (walk) stick in her hand.
【答案】1. being discussed2.walking
六、动词 ing形式作宾语补足语
动词 ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词 ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1．动词 ing位于感官动词后：feel，smell，listen to，hear，watch，see，notice，observe 等。
I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
When he passed the swimming pool，he saw someone swimming in it.
当他经过游泳池时， 他看见有人在游泳。
[名师点津]
动词 ing与动词不定式在感官动词后的意义
在see，hear，watch等感官动词后，用动词 ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I heard Mary singing in the next room.(动作正在进行)
我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。
I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night.(动作全过程)昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。
2．动词 ing位于使役动词后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send等。
She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies.
她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。
Please don't keep the little boy staying alone.
不要让这个男孩独自待着。
3．用于with复合结构中。
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she feels nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
[即学即练6]　句型转换
①As time passes by，we will have a better and better life.
→ ，we will have a better and better life.
②I saw that they were coming across the street.
→I saw the street.
③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.
→I stood on the bridge and watched ．
【答案】1.With time passing by2.them coming across3.boats passing by
七、动词 ing形式作状语
1．作时间状语。
Hearing the news，he couldn't help laughing.
＝When he heard the news，he couldn't help laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
2．作原因状语。
Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
＝As I don't know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
3．作条件状语。
Working hard，you'll surely succeed.
＝If you work hard，you'll surely succeed.
如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。
4．作结果状语。
The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door.
＝The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door.
那个男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。
[名师点津]
现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
5．作让步状语。
Having been told many times，he still didn't learn these rules by heart.
＝Although he had been told many times，he still didn't learn these rules by heart.
尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。
6．作伴随状语。
Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.
＝Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，cutting the branches.
＝The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，and cut the branches.
那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。
7．作方式状语。
He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
[名师点津]
动词 ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。
[即学即练7]　句型转换(用非谓语动词转换句子)
①It rained heavily and it caused great damage.
→It rained heavily， ．
②After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.
→ ，the boy rushed out.
③All night long he lay awake and he thought of the problem.
→All night long he lay awake， ．
【答案】1.causing great damage2.Having eaten his dinner3.thinking of the problem
8．现在分词作状语时的注意事项
(1)现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。
①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。
Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
②当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
(2)现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)
完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。
(3)动词 ing形式的否定式：not＋v. ing；not having＋v. ed
Not knowing this，he didn't come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
(4)现在分词作评注性状语
有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”， judging by/from...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全局考虑”。
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
[即学即练8]　单句语法填空
① (work) for three hours，he took a rest.
②Tom came (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.
③ (spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.
【答案】1.Having worked2.dashing 3.Having spent
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1． (talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important.
2．The bird narrowly escaped (shoot) by the hunter.
3．It is no use (regret) your past mistakes.
4．My parents don't allow us (watch) violent TV programs.
5．They are planning to build a (swim) pool for the kids.
6．The student (talk) with the foreigners over there is our monitor.
7．With the temperature (rise)，the leaves and grass begin to appear.
8． (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful.
9． (work) harder at English，you'll make greater progress.
10． (finish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.
【答案】1.Talking 2.being shot 3.regretting 4.to watch5.swimming 6.talking 7.rising 8.Seen 9.Working 10.To finish