（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题01. 选择性必修第2册Unit 1 Science and Scientists
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一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题01.选择性必修第2册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 2．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌 3．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒 4．epidemiology n．流行病学 5．vaccine n．疫苗 6．aerospace n．航空航天工业 7．patriotic adj.爱国的 8．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 9．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 10．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 11．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉 12．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 13．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 14．statistic n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 15．microscope n．显微镜 16．protein n．蛋白质 17．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房 18．virus n．病毒 19．framework n．框架；结构 20．cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 21．rainbow n．彩虹 22．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 23．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工 24．astronomer n．天文学家 25．telescope n．望远镜 26．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的 27．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行 28．jet n．喷气式飞机 29．missile n．导弹 30．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 31．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 32．astronomy n．天文学 33．furthermore adv.此外；再者 重点单词 1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 7．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 8．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 9．thinking n．思想；思维；见解 10．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 11．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体 12．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处 13．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 14．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能 15．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 16．abstract adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要 17．concept n．概念；观念 18．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外 19．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 20．fault n．弱点；过错 21．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向 22．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
词汇拓展 1．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染 2．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是 3．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实根据 4．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初 5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫 6．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 7．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
重点词组 1．once and for all最终地；彻底地 2．subscribe to同意；赞同 3．thanks to幸亏；由于 4．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 5．in charge of主管；掌管 6．come down患(病)；染上(小病) 7．above all最重要的是；尤其是
重点句型 1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。 3．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。 4．Born in Hangzhou in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 5．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. 他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
When a severe outbreak of cholera hit Europe, a big shadow was cast on John Snow, a gifted doctor. Later, in time, he attended Queen Victoria, but he never lost his initial desire to destroy cholera once and for all. Of the two abstract concepts, Snow subscribed to the second that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. He found multiple deaths near a water pump, while some households with free beer had no deaths. Snow suspected the water pump was to blame. With more solid and concrete proof, he announced there was a link between cholera and raw water. Accordingly, he had the pump handle removed. Through this defending intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. Thanks to John Snow’s findings, the world saw a steady substantial decrease in cholera. In his use of map tracing and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists studied diseases.
约翰.斯诺战胜“霍乱之王”
当一场严重的霍乱在欧洲爆发时，一个天才的医生约翰·斯诺身上蒙上了巨大的阴影。后来，他照顾维多利亚女王，但他从未失去他最初的愿望，要彻底消灭霍乱。在两种抽象的的理论中，斯诺同意第二种观点，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。他发现水泵附近有多人死亡，而一些有免费啤酒的家庭却没有死亡。斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。有了更可靠、具体的 证据，他宣布霍乱和生水之间存在联系。因此，他卸了水泵的手柄。通过这一防御性 干预，疾病得以遏制。多亏约翰·斯诺的发现，全世界霍乱病例稳步 大幅 减少。在斯诺对地图追踪和统计数据的运用中，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
Passage 2
The Scientists I admire
The two scientists I admire most are Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking. It was under Qian Xuesen’s outstanding leadership that China’s rocket science and missile program developed greatly. If Qian hadn’t shifted his major from mechanic to aviation, we would not have had such a patriotic “father of China’s aerospace”. As for Hawking whose work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with telescopes, I wonder what made a man who came down with a disease a genius. Besides being brilliant, he was brave, willing to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
我敬佩的科学家
我最钦佩的两个人是钱学森和霍金。正是在钱的杰出的领导下，中国的火箭科学和导弹计划有了巨大的发展，如果钱没有从机械师专业转到航空专业，我们就不会拥有这么爱国的“中国航空之父”。至于霍金，他在大爆炸理论上的工作被天文学家用望远镜 证明。我想知道是什么让生病的史蒂芬·霍金成为一个天才呢。除了才华横溢，他还很勇敢，愿意做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他还很坚定。最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的缺点。这种奇怪的特征结合使他成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
环境描写-读后续写高分微技能
一）短语
表示天气
◆ 多雨的季节：a rainy season
◆ 暴风雨之夜：a stormy night
◆ 四面受风：exposed to the four winds of heaven
◆ 连绵不断的雨：continuous/constant rains
◆ 在茫茫大雨中：in the blinding rain
◆ 深埋在雪中：be buried in snow
◆ 难以忍受的热：unbearably hot
◆ 在春天温暖的阳光里：in the warm spring sunshine
◆ 放晴了：clear up
◆ 狂风暴雨：fierce/heavy/violent storms
◆ 及时雨，好雨：a timely/seasonable rain
◆ 沐日光浴：bathe/bask in (the) sunshine
◆ 在盛夏灼热的阳光下：under the burning/scorching sun of midsummer
表示地理位置
◆ 位置优越的城市：a favorably situated city
◆ 水下面的暗礁：a hidden rock beneath the surface of water
◆ —个偏僻的小村子：a small village off the map
◆ 离海滨仅处尺之遥：within a stone's throw of the seashore/seacoast
◆ 位于……最北端：be situated at the northern extreme
◆ 在群山环抱的村庄里：in a village among the hills
◆ 朝南的房间：room facing south
◆ 人烟稀少的农村地区：the thinly populated rural area
二）句子
（一）阳光明媚，生命美好，心情愉悦的景色描写
1. The beach to your right stretches off(延伸) to the horizon, slowly narrowing to nothingness（虚无）, only to re-emerge（重新出现） again on your left.
2. When I was bathed in the sunlight, it felt like the amber-like sunshine was kissing every inch of my skin.
3. The sun dropped through and laid on his head and shoulders.太阳下山，温和的光线落在肩头。
4. When I drew the curtains back, the sunlight flooded in. 阳光倾斜而入
5. The clear blue sky was dotted with fluttering larks. 天气晴朗，碧空里星星点点的云雀在翩翩起舞。
6. I was immediately stunned by the azure sky with thick silver lining clouds drifting around. 我立刻被湛蓝色的天空和成群飘动的金色云朵所吸引了。
7. White clouds flow in the blue sky like quiet fish swimming in broad ocean.
8. A gust of wind blew and parted the drooping branches of the weeping willow like a curtain. 一阵风吹起了弯柳的低垂枝条，就像那卷起的窗帘。
9. The wind, soft and cold, clicked through tree branches and stirred the bushes that sprinkled （撒、点缀）the slope. 风，轻柔而清冷，轻点这树枝，搅动着斜坡下的零星灌木丛。
10. There are many kinds of flowers blooming in the corner of the park, even in autumn, I smell the fresh scent with cool breeze. How sweet!
11. It was Saturday morning, and all the summer world was bright and fresh, and filled with life. There was a song in every heart. There was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. The air was filled with the pleasant smell of flowers. Cardiff Hill, beyond the village and above it, was green with trees and looked beautiful.
（二）暴风骤雨、心情抑郁的景色描写
12. The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds，(乌云密布、黑云压顶) and the whole world seemed to be enveloped in a huge gray quilt. 整个世界仿佛都被一块巨大的灰色棉被笼罩。
13. The thin trees were blowing wildly, and untidy gray clouds were sailing past a pale, sicky moon(苍白昏暗的月亮).
14. The frosty air （寒冷的空气）blew in, cutting like knife.
15. The frigid gusts of wind stung their faces. 一阵阵寒风刺痛他们的脸颊。Stung 的原形为sting“叮咬”
16. The summer breeze gently moved through the leaves with a sighing sound. 叹息的声音
17. There was a deathly stillness in the house. 死寂
18. The evening of this day was very long, and melancholy(阴郁的), at Hartfield. The weather added what it could of gloom. A cold stormy rain set in(阴冷的暴风雨袭来), and nothing of July appeared but in the trees and shrubs（灌木丛）, which the wind was despoiling(摧残), and the length of the day, which only made such cruel sights the longer visible.（白昼的延长可以让人多瞧一瞧这凄冷的景象）
（三）烦闷焦躁的景色描写
19. It’s hot enough to melt hell. 天热得能融化地狱。
20. The air that has been hot all day becomes heavy. It hangs over the trees, presses the heads of the flowers to the ground, and sits on my shoulders. 整日闷热的空气变得格外呆滞。它笼罩着树木，逼得花朵垂向地面，也压得我的肩头沉甸甸的。
（四）凄风苦雨、狂风暴雨、恐惧阴冷害怕的景色描写
21. On the dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling(嚎叫).
22. The rain came pouring down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against the house.大雨倾盆，洪流暴涨，狂风肆意冲击房屋。
23. The boys were frightened as the wind blew several trees on their side and the light continued to come and go in the sky(闪电在空中持续乱舞).
24. There was now a fine, cold drizzle falling(寒冷的细雨), and the wind had risen from its uncertain（模糊的） puffs （一阵阵小风）into a steady blow. The few foot passengers astir （活动的）in that quarter hurried dismally（沉闷地） and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands（踹口袋里的手）.
早上：
1. The sweetness of the sun fills my lungs.
阳光的甜蜜充满我的肺。
2. The first ray of sunlight is too fragile to touch.
第一缕阳光太脆弱，无法触摸。
3. Spring breeze draws the curtain of clouds and the sunshine floods into the classrooms.
春风拉开云帘，阳光洒进教室。
4. The whole world blossoms with one breath of the sunshine.
一缕阳光，全世界绽放。
5. Snow blanketed every rooftop and weighed on the branches of old trees.
雪覆盖了每一个屋顶，压在老树的树枝上。
6. Kissed by the rain and shining, the wet ground is cold under foot. The birds busy themselves around me, not caring that I'm there.
被雨露亲吻，脚下湿漉漉的地面冰凉。鸟儿在我身边忙碌着，根本不在乎我在那里。
7. A dense earthly sweet smell rose from the ground, enveloping everything within its soft embrace.
一股浓浓的泥土香从地底升起，将一切都笼罩在它柔软的怀抱中。
8. When I drew the curtains back, the sunlight flooded in.
拉开窗帘，阳光洒进来。
9. Golden sunshine, fragile greens and a sea of fragrant flowers crowd into my eyes. Walking into the painting, I am totally drunk with the twittering (吱喳) of birds. Soon the delicate 纤弱的,精致的 air and soft raindrops melt my heart.
金色的阳光，娇嫩的绿色，一片芬芳的花海涌入我的眼帘。步入画中，鸟鸣啾啾，令我醉醺醺。很快，纤弱的细腻的空气和柔软的雨滴融化了我的心。
10. It was Saturday morning, and all the summer world was bright and fresh, and filled with life. There was a song in every heart. There was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. The air was filled with the pleasant smell of flowers. Cardiff Hill, beyond the village and above it, was green with trees and looked beautiful.
那是星期六的早晨，整个夏天的世界都明亮清新，充满生机。每个人心中都有一首歌。每一张脸上都洋溢着欢呼，每一步都充满了春天。空气中弥漫着宜人的花香。村外上方的卡迪夫山（Cardiff Hill）绿树成荫，看上去很美。
黄昏：
1. As the sky gradually darkened and the light dimmed, he quickened his steps.
随着天色渐渐暗了下来，光线也渐渐暗了下来，他加快了脚步。
2. The sun hid himself behind the mountains, making it hard to see anything in the thick darkness.
太阳躲在山后，漆黑一片，什么也看不见。
3. Falling leaves fluttered down in the cool mid-autumn air, bidding farewell to sweet summer and beckoning the autumn in.
中秋的凉风中，落叶飘落，告别甜美的夏天，迎接秋天的到来。
4. It's dark now and the snow is still falling, clumps of wet flakes drifting mindlessly down, the air moist, the sidewalk mushy underfoot.
天已经黑了，雪还在下，一团团潮湿的雪花漫不经心地飘落下来，空气潮湿，人行道在脚下变得糊状。
5. The rain drummed on the window, bidding farewell to the last beam of sunlight.
雨水打在窗户上，告别了最后一缕阳光。
6. The lingering sunlight was obliterated by the rapidly falling night，resembling a pitch-black curtain draped over the sky.
余晖被急速落下的夜幕抹去，犹如漆黑的帷幕笼罩在天际。
7. The leaves crunched beneath my feet as I strolled down the street. Occasionally, one would fall past me, lightly swaying as the air gently carried it to the ground.
走在街上，树叶在我脚下嘎吱作响。偶尔，一个人会从我身边掉下来，随着空气轻轻地将它带到地面，轻轻摇晃。
8. The lake mirrored the sky above, both of them blameless blue and shimmering.
湖水映照着头顶的天空，两人都是无可指摘的蓝色，闪烁着微光。
9. The sunset was like orange paint on a blue canvas.
日落就像蓝色画布上的橙色颜料。
10. The strong sun on my black hair would burn me in minutes if I couldn’t find shelter.
如果我找不到庇护所，我黑发上的强烈阳光会在几分钟内灼伤我。
11. The sun dropped through and laid on his head and shoulders.
太阳落下，落在他的头和肩膀上。
晚上：
1. From the distance, he saw some dim light(昏暗的灯光) in the village.
从远处，他看到村子里有些昏暗的灯光。
2. Silence between dad and me made me more nervous and scared. At that moment, it was completely dark except the faint light given out by a few stars in the sky.
爸爸和我之间的沉默让我更加紧张和害怕。那一刻，除了天空中几颗星星发出的微弱光芒外，天已经完全黑了。
3. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
漆黑的雨夜，风，雷鸣般的乌云，让我完全掌握在它们的力量中。
4. The sky, midnight blue, gave the scene a fairytale quality, and the stars that dotted the sky lit up the night.
天空，午夜蓝，赋予场景一种童话般的质感，点缀天空的星星点亮了夜晚。
5. The clear blue sky was dotted with fluttering larks.
湛蓝的天空点缀着飞舞的百灵鸟。
6. The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the heaven, whipping against the branches of lined trees. The world was burdened with a sea of darkness. I was seized with the roaring power of nature, a sense of horror creeping up on me. I immediately turned around to slide into the bed and curled up.
狂风呼啸，雨从天上倾泻而下，拍打着成排的树枝。世界笼罩在一片黑暗的海洋中。我被大自然的咆哮力量所吸引，一种恐怖感在我身上蔓延。我立即转身滑进床上，蜷缩起来。、
7. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
漆黑的雨夜，风，雷鸣般的乌云，让我完全掌握在它们的力量中。
8. The evening of this day was very long, and melancholy(阴郁的), at Hartfield. The weather added what it could of gloom. A cold stormy rain set in(阴冷的暴风雨袭来), and nothing of July appeared but in the trees and shrubs（灌木丛）, which the wind was despoiling(摧残), and the length of the day, which only made such cruel sights the longer visible.
这一天的晚上很长，很忧郁，在哈特菲尔德。天气增添了它可能的阴霾。一场阴冷的暴风雨袭来，七月的任何东西都没有出现，只出现在被风掠走（残）的树丛中残酷的景象越久可见。
9. The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds， and the whole world seemed to be enveloped in a huge gray quilt.
天阴沉沉的，乌云密布，整个世界仿佛都笼罩在一张巨大的灰色被子里。
10. The thin trees were blowing wildly, and untidy gray clouds were sailing past a pale, sicky moon. The frosty air blew in, cutting like knife.
稀疏的树木在狂风吹拂，凌乱的灰色云彩掠过苍白病态的月亮。寒气袭来，如刀割一般。
（五）：日月星辰景色描写
日
1. In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky. 黎明时，天空中映出了望踏的轮廓。
2. Dawn is beginning to show in the east. 东方露出曙光。
3. Dawn mantled in the sky. 满天曙光。
4. The sun rose bathed the earth in its glow. 太阳升起，灿烂的阳光沐浴着大地。
5. The sun peered through a vast cloud. 太阳从大块云朵中隐约出现。
6. The sunbeam struck full on his face. 阳光正好照在他脸上。
7. The descending sun was making brilliance upon the water. 落日将余辉洒在水面上。
8. The setting sun kindled the sky. 落日照红了天空。
9. The sunset dyed the sky red. 夕阳映红了天空。
10. Dewdrops sparkled in the morning sun. 露珠在早晨的阳光下闪闪发光。
11. The clouds rolled away and sun came out. 云散日出。
12. The fog lifted and the sun came out. 雾散日出。
13. Light streamed in through the window when I parted the curtains.当我拉开窗帘时，光线从窗口射了进来。
14. In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.
在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的灰尘像金子一般在闪闪发亮。
15. Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows.
阳光射入了它所能透过的地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。
16. The sun broke through the clouds. 阳光从云层中透了过来。
17. Daylight filtered through clouds. 日光透过云层。
18. The sun burst through the clouds and shone over the earth. 阳光穿破乌云，普照大地。
19. Yellow fog filled the streets and hid the daylight.
黄色的烟雾弥漫在街头巷尾，遮天蔽日。20. A great cloud rose from the ground and followed the rail of the great sun.一朵庞大的烟云随着一轮巨日从地面升起。
21. A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
22. The rising sun flamed the eastern sky.
朝阳染红了东方的天空。
23. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.天空布满了夕阳西斜时的种种色彩。
月
24. Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon. The garden was bathed in moonlight.
一弯新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。
25. The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢从海上升起。
26. The moon is moving west against the background of the stars. 月亮在星星的衬托下正向西运行。
27. The moon was obscured by dark clouds. 月亮被乌云遮蔽了。
28. The moon went in and it grew rather dark. 月亮被云层遮蔽，天暗了下来。
29. The moon’s flame brightened the vast expanse of snow. 月亮照亮了一片雪原。
星
30. The meteor (shooting star) shot across the sky. 流星飞快地掠过天空。
31. Night lowered its curtain and mantled the land. 夜幕降临，笼罩了大地。
32. At night, millions of stars shine in the darkness. 入夜，繁星在夜空中闪烁。
33. As night fell, lights in the sky multiplied. 夜幕降临，满天繁星。
34. The night sky is spotted with stars.夜晚的天空繁星点点。
35. Bright, very bright were the stars over the dark hills. 黑黝黝的群山上空，星星是多么明亮啊！
36. The stars are not giving much light tonight. 今晚的星光不亮。
37. It was evening, the sun had set and the stillness of twilight was upon everything.
那是一个夜晚，太阳落山了，黄昏时刻的寂静笼罩啄一切。
38. The tower clock speaks night. 塔楼的钟声报告夜晚的来临。
39. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
40. The garden was bathed in moonlight. 那花园沐浴在月光里。
（六）各种“雨”的表达
1. 表示“暴风雨”的短语
a fierce storm 强风暴
rainstorms 暴风雨
torrential downpours/rains 倾盆大雨
furious storms 狂风暴雨
the bluster of the wind and rain 狂风暴雨
the violent thunderstorms 强烈的雷暴
a heavy rainfall 大雨，暴雨
pouring rain 瓢泼大雨
cloudburst （突然的）大暴雨
rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
heavy rain 暴雨
downpour 倾盆大雨
storm/rainstorms 暴风雨
其他有关“雨”的表达
小雨
1.drizzle下毛毛雨;毛毛雨 形容词是drizzly
e.g.: It's drizzling outside. 外面下着蒙蒙细雨。
e.g.: It was a dull drizzly morning.那是个阴雨蒙蒙的早晨。
其他雨
雷阵雨 thunderstorm rain
雨季 the rain season
阵雨 shower
人工降雨 artificial rainfall
中雨 moderate rain
暴雨 rainstorm
雷雨 thunderstorm
暴风雨 storm
各类各样的雨具
雨伞 umbrella
雨衣 raincoat
雨鞋 rain boots
雨披 poncho
防雨夹克 rain jacket
与“雨”有关的俚语
1.改期，再约 Take a rain check
这个俚语通常用在社交活动改期。如果是重要的公事要改期，那最好用reschedule这个词，比较正式。
e.g.: I'm afraid I can't come to the party tonight. Can we take a rain check
今晚的聚会我来不了了，我们下次再约吧！
2.风雨无阻 rain or shine
通常用来形容一定会进行的事情。
e.g. He goes jogging every morning, rain or shine.
他每天早晨都去慢跑，风雨无阻。
3.以防万一、以备不时之需 Rainy day通常用在存钱、囤货这类事上。
e.g.: My father always told me to save for a rainy day.
我爸爸一直教育我要存钱，以防不时之需。
4.呼风唤雨的人 Rain maker
多指很会赚钱。
e.g. He's definitely a rain maker. He closed a few big deals sicne he got here.
他执行力很强，来了以后签下几笔大单。
因雨取消
be rained off/out
e.g.:The game has been rained off again.
比赛又因为下雨被取消了。
6.祸不单行
英：It never rains but it pours.
美：When it rains, it pours.
4. “被雨淋湿”的表达
He was completely drenched by the rain.他被雨淋得完全成了落汤鸡。
Unfortunately, Tom was caught in the rain.真不幸，汤姆在雨中被淋成了落汤鸡。
We arrived home completely sodden.我们回到家时已成落汤鸡了。
The shower stroked me to the skin.阵雨淋得我像落汤鸡。
描写“暴风骤雨”的句子
1. The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds.(乌云密布；黑云压顶)
2. On that dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling. (海浪肆意拍打；劲风咆哮)
3. The rain came pouring down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against the house. (暴风骤雨)
4.The first drops of rain are huge. They splat into the dust and imprint the windows with individual signatures. 最初落下来的是大颗大颗的水珠，扑扑地打在尘土里。在玻璃窗是留下了一个个印记。
5.They plink on the vent pipe and plunk on the patio roof. 雨点把排气管敲得叮叮当当，把露台顶棚打得噼噼啪啪。
6.Leaves shudder under their weight before rebounding, and sidewalk wears a coat of shiny spots.树叶被砸得瑟瑟发抖，难以抬头。人行道披上了一层亮闪闪的水点。
7. The rain now becomes a torrent, flung capriciously by rising wind. 这时，雨下的简直是倾盆如注，狂风吹得雨水飘摇不定。
8.Wind and rain swept across the world, tearing the dark and gloomy sky apart.狂风暴雨席卷着整个世界,灰暗沉郁的天空被撕裂得七零八落。
9.I saw a black dragon ahead with gusts of wind coming this direction. The storm was here.只见前方一条黑龙带着阵阵狂风正向这个方向袭来,不好要下雨了。
10.Heavy thundery rain fell throughout Thursday.星期四下了一整天的雷暴雨。
11.With a vague feeling of uneasiness I move to the window. There, in the west, lies the answer - cloud has piled on cloud to form a ridge of mammoth while towers, rearing against blue sky.我怀着隐隐约约的烦躁与不安，信步走到窗前。原来答案就在西边天际，云层重重叠叠，就像一排嵯峨的白塔，高耸在蓝天之上。
12.Their piercing whiteness is of brief duration.云彩那耀眼的白色转瞬便消失了。
13.The clouds reveal their darker nature. 云层也露出了阴暗的本来面目。
14.In the house a door shuts with a bang, curtains billow into the room.砰的一声，风关上了一扇房门。窗帘也随风扬起，向屋内翻卷着。
15.Together they batter the trees and level the grasses. 风雨交加，恣意地抽打树木，夷平草地。
6. 练习：翻译下列与“雨”有关的句子
1.起初，有一种平静的感觉悄悄袭上我的心头。
2.刹那间，万物都突然寂静无声。
3.雨加快了节奏，叮叮当当紧跟着噼噼啪啪，一阵紧似一阵，终于连成一片紧密的鼓点，颗颗雨滴也汇集成一支行进在田野和屋顶的大军。
4.这时，第一道闪电刺向大地，这是老天划的惊叹号。暴风雨来了。
5.随即响起了一声霹雳，我不禁跳了起来。
6.我在房里踱来踱去，从一个窗口走到另一个窗口，屋外的景色使我瞠目结舌，惊叹不已。
7.雨仍在淅淅沥沥地下着，我却忍不住走到室外。
8.像大地一样，我也焕然一新，心灵得到了净化。
9.我感到无比的平静，一时间全然忘掉了以往郁积在心头的烦恼与忧愁。
10.他们都已被这辉煌壮丽的暴风雨涤荡得干干净净。
参考译文
1.It begins when a feeling of stillness creeps into my consciousness.
2.Every thing has suddenly gone quiet.
3.The rhythm accelerates; plink follows plunk faster and faster until the sound is a roll of drums and the individual drops become an army marching over fields and rooftops.
4.Now the first bolt of lightning stabs the earth. It is heaven's exclamation point. The storm is here!
5.In spite of myself, I jump at the following crack of thunder.
6.Pacing through the house from window to window, I am moved to openmouthed wonder.
7.I am drawn outside while the rain still falls.
8.Like the land, I am renewed, my spirits cleansed.
9.I feel an infinite peace. For a time I have forgotten the worries and irritations I am nurturing before.
10.They have been washed away by the glories of the storm.
（七）其他句子赏析
1. I closed my eyes in the speeding car. Winding rivers, lofty mountains, deep valleys and sunny beaches held me entirely in their fascination.
我在飞驰的车里闭上了眼睛。蜿蜒的河流、巍峨的山脉、深邃的山谷和阳光明媚的海滩让我完全着迷。
2. The gentle breeze(微风) stroked his head , as if comforting all his tiredness.
微风轻抚着他的头，仿佛抚慰了他所有的疲惫。
3. Familiar smells of the earth rose up to greet her. Wandering in the woods, Ally slowed her pace to find the little guy in the mixed air. The sun looked at her with a glowing smile and the flowers nodded merrily towards her. The breeze patted her on the face, warm and comfortable.
.熟悉的泥土气息迎面扑来。漫步在树林中，艾莉放慢了脚步，在混杂的空气中找到了小家伙。太阳带着灿烂的笑容看着她，花儿也朝她开心地点点头。微风轻抚着她的脸庞，温暖而舒适
4. The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the heaven, whipping against the branches of lined trees. The world was burdened with a sea of darkness. I was seized with the roaring power of nature, a sense of horror creeping up on me. I immediately turned around to slide into the bed and curled up.
狂风呼啸，雨从天上倾泻而下，拍打着一排排的树枝。世界笼罩在一片黑暗的海洋中。我被大自然的咆哮力量所吸引，一种恐怖感在我身上蔓延。我立即转身滑进床上，蜷缩起来。
5. On the day back to school, dark clouds hung low in the sky. The rain poured down, with cold drops and angry winds slapping(拍；掴) my face. I was drowned in floods of warm tears and freezing rain.
返校那天，天上乌云低垂。雨倾盆而下，冰冷的水珠和怒风拍打（拍；掴）我的脸。我被温暖的泪水和冻雨淹没了。
6. Spring, like an amazing artist, paints our campus with richer and deeper colors. Golden sunshine, fragile greens and a sea of fragrant flowers crowd into my eyes. Walking into the painting, I am totally drunk with the twittering(吱喳) of birds. Soon the delicate 纤弱的,精致的 air and soft raindrops melt my heart. Oh, I’m lost… in the masterpiece of Spring!
春天，像一位了不起的艺术家，用更丰富更深沉的色彩描绘了我们的校园。金色的阳光，娇嫩的绿叶，一片芬芳的花海涌入我的眼帘。步入画中，鸟鸣咝咝咝咝不已。很快，纤弱的细腻的空气和柔软的雨滴融化了我的心。哦，我迷失了……春天的杰作！
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar 表语从句
[观察例句]
1．One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
2．The question is who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm.
3．Her confusion is whether she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.
4．What John Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.
5．Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is what is generally called a gap year.
[归纳用法]
1．所有例句中的黑体部分都位于系动词be后，作表语，故都是表语从句，这些表语从句在词性上相当于一个名词。
2．例1由从属连词that引导；例2由连接代词who引导；例3由从属连词whether引导；例4由连接副词why引导；例5由连接代词what引导。
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
1．从属连词that引导的表语从句
从属连词that的用法：①无意义 ②不充当成分
③不可省略
The reason for his absence is that he hasn't been informed.
他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.
我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句
The point is whether we should lend him the money.
关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
[名师点津] if不能引导表语从句。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
This is what I am interested in.
这就是我所感兴趣的。
That's where I first met her.
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
4．because，as if/though等引导的表语从句
It's just because he doesn't know her.
这仅仅是因为他不认识她。
Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years.
现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
[即学即练1] 用where，when，that填空
①Look at the high mountain.That is we will get.
②The first time we met each other was we studied in that school.
③My advice is we (should) work together.
【答案】1.where 2.when 3.that
5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别
That's why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That's because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
I didn't phone her，and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)
我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。
I didn't phone her，and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)
我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。
[名师点津]
reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
6．表语从句中的虚拟语气
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
[即学即练2] 用why，that，because填空
①It was raining hard；that was I came late.
②I came late；that was it was raining hard.
③The reason why I came late was it was raining hard.
【答案】1.why 2.because 3.that
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was he was late.
2．Energy is makes things work.
3．We didn't set out；it was we wanted to wait until our mother came back.
4．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.
5．A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ships are built for.
6．The trouble is I can't find my way.
7．What he wants to know is we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.
8．The reason why I was sad was he didn't understand me.
9．That is we are looking forward to.
10．Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell close you may be to victory.
【答案】1.why 2.what 3.because 4.that 5.what 6.that 7.whether 8.that 9.what 10.how
专题01.选择性必修第2册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 2．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌 3．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒 4．epidemiology n．流行病学 5．vaccine n．疫苗 6．aerospace n．航空航天工业 7．patriotic adj.爱国的 8．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 9．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 10．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 11．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉 12．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 13．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 14．statistic n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 15．microscope n．显微镜 16．protein n．蛋白质 17．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房 18．virus n．病毒 19．framework n．框架；结构 20．cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 21．rainbow n．彩虹 22．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 23．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工 24．astronomer n．天文学家 25．telescope n．望远镜 26．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的 27．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行 28．jet n．喷气式飞机 29．missile n．导弹 30．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 31．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 32．astronomy n．天文学 33．furthermore adv.此外；再者 重点单词 1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 7．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 8．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 9．thinking n．思想；思维；见解 10．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 11．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体 12．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处 13．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 14．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能 15．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 16．abstract adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要 17．concept n．概念；观念 18．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外 19．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 20．fault n．弱点；过错 21．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向 22．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的
词汇拓展 1．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染 2．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是 3．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实根据 4．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初 5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫 6．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 7．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
重点词组 1．once and for all最终地；彻底地 2．subscribe to同意；赞同 3．thanks to幸亏；由于 4．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 5．in charge of主管；掌管 6．come down患(病)；染上(小病) 7．above all最重要的是；尤其是
重点句型 1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。 3．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。 4．Born in Hangzhou in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 5．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. 他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
When a severe outbreak of cholera hit Europe, a big shadow was cast on John Snow, a gifted doctor. Later, in time, he attended Queen Victoria, but he never lost his initial desire to destroy cholera once and for all. Of the two abstract concepts, Snow subscribed to the second that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. He found multiple deaths near a water pump, while some households with free beer had no deaths. Snow suspected the water pump was to blame. With more solid and concrete proof, he announced there was a link between cholera and raw water. Accordingly, he had the pump handle removed. Through this defending intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. Thanks to John Snow’s findings, the world saw a steady substantial decrease in cholera. In his use of map tracing and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists studied diseases.
约翰.斯诺战胜“霍乱之王”
当一场严重的霍乱在欧洲爆发时，一个天才的医生约翰·斯诺身上蒙上了巨大的阴影。后来，他照顾维多利亚女王，但他从未失去他最初的愿望，要彻底消灭霍乱。在两种抽象的的理论中，斯诺同意第二种观点，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。他发现水泵附近有多人死亡，而一些有免费啤酒的家庭却没有死亡。斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。有了更可靠、具体的 证据，他宣布霍乱和生水之间存在联系。因此，他卸了水泵的手柄。通过这一防御性 干预，疾病得以遏制。多亏约翰·斯诺的发现，全世界霍乱病例稳步 大幅 减少。在斯诺对地图追踪和统计数据的运用中，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
Passage 2
The Scientists I admire
The two scientists I admire most are Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking. It was under Qian Xuesen’s outstanding leadership that China’s rocket science and missile program developed greatly. If Qian hadn’t shifted his major from mechanic to aviation, we would not have had such a patriotic “father of China’s aerospace”. As for Hawking whose work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with telescopes, I wonder what made a man who came down with a disease a genius. Besides being brilliant, he was brave, willing to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
我敬佩的科学家
我最钦佩的两个人是钱学森和霍金。正是在钱的杰出的领导下，中国的火箭科学和导弹计划有了巨大的发展，如果钱没有从机械师专业转到航空专业，我们就不会拥有这么爱国的“中国航空之父”。至于霍金，他在大爆炸理论上的工作被天文学家用望远镜 证明。我想知道是什么让生病的史蒂芬·霍金成为一个天才呢。除了才华横溢，他还很勇敢，愿意做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他还很坚定。最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的缺点。这种奇怪的特征结合使他成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
环境描写-读后续写高分微技能
一）短语
表示天气
◆ 多雨的季节：a rainy season
◆ 暴风雨之夜：a stormy night
◆ 四面受风：exposed to the four winds of heaven
◆ 连绵不断的雨：continuous/constant rains
◆ 在茫茫大雨中：in the blinding rain
◆ 深埋在雪中：be buried in snow
◆ 难以忍受的热：unbearably hot
◆ 在春天温暖的阳光里：in the warm spring sunshine
◆ 放晴了：clear up
◆ 狂风暴雨：fierce/heavy/violent storms
◆ 及时雨，好雨：a timely/seasonable rain
◆ 沐日光浴：bathe/bask in (the) sunshine
◆ 在盛夏灼热的阳光下：under the burning/scorching sun of midsummer
表示地理位置
◆ 位置优越的城市：a favorably situated city
◆ 水下面的暗礁：a hidden rock beneath the surface of water
◆ —个偏僻的小村子：a small village off the map
◆ 离海滨仅处尺之遥：within a stone's throw of the seashore/seacoast
◆ 位于……最北端：be situated at the northern extreme
◆ 在群山环抱的村庄里：in a village among the hills
◆ 朝南的房间：room facing south
◆ 人烟稀少的农村地区：the thinly populated rural area
二）句子
（一）阳光明媚，生命美好，心情愉悦的景色描写
1. The beach to your right stretches off(延伸) to the horizon, slowly narrowing to nothingness（虚无）, only to re-emerge（重新出现） again on your left.
2. When I was bathed in the sunlight, it felt like the amber-like sunshine was kissing every inch of my skin.
3. The sun dropped through and laid on his head and shoulders.太阳下山，温和的光线落在肩头。
4. When I drew the curtains back, the sunlight flooded in. 阳光倾斜而入
5. The clear blue sky was dotted with fluttering larks. 天气晴朗，碧空里星星点点的云雀在翩翩起舞。
6. I was immediately stunned by the azure sky with thick silver lining clouds drifting around. 我立刻被湛蓝色的天空和成群飘动的金色云朵所吸引了。
7. White clouds flow in the blue sky like quiet fish swimming in broad ocean.
8. A gust of wind blew and parted the drooping branches of the weeping willow like a curtain. 一阵风吹起了弯柳的低垂枝条，就像那卷起的窗帘。
9. The wind, soft and cold, clicked through tree branches and stirred the bushes that sprinkled （撒、点缀）the slope. 风，轻柔而清冷，轻点这树枝，搅动着斜坡下的零星灌木丛。
10. There are many kinds of flowers blooming in the corner of the park, even in autumn, I smell the fresh scent with cool breeze. How sweet!
11. It was Saturday morning, and all the summer world was bright and fresh, and filled with life. There was a song in every heart. There was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. The air was filled with the pleasant smell of flowers. Cardiff Hill, beyond the village and above it, was green with trees and looked beautiful.
（二）暴风骤雨、心情抑郁的景色描写
12. The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds，(乌云密布、黑云压顶) and the whole world seemed to be enveloped in a huge gray quilt. 整个世界仿佛都被一块巨大的灰色棉被笼罩。
13. The thin trees were blowing wildly, and untidy gray clouds were sailing past a pale, sicky moon(苍白昏暗的月亮).
14. The frosty air （寒冷的空气）blew in, cutting like knife.
15. The frigid gusts of wind stung their faces. 一阵阵寒风刺痛他们的脸颊。Stung 的原形为sting“叮咬”
16. The summer breeze gently moved through the leaves with a sighing sound. 叹息的声音
17. There was a deathly stillness in the house. 死寂
18. The evening of this day was very long, and melancholy(阴郁的), at Hartfield. The weather added what it could of gloom. A cold stormy rain set in(阴冷的暴风雨袭来), and nothing of July appeared but in the trees and shrubs（灌木丛）, which the wind was despoiling(摧残), and the length of the day, which only made such cruel sights the longer visible.（白昼的延长可以让人多瞧一瞧这凄冷的景象）
（三）烦闷焦躁的景色描写
19. It’s hot enough to melt hell. 天热得能融化地狱。
20. The air that has been hot all day becomes heavy. It hangs over the trees, presses the heads of the flowers to the ground, and sits on my shoulders. 整日闷热的空气变得格外呆滞。它笼罩着树木，逼得花朵垂向地面，也压得我的肩头沉甸甸的。
（四）凄风苦雨、狂风暴雨、恐惧阴冷害怕的景色描写
21. On the dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling(嚎叫).
22. The rain came pouring down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against the house.大雨倾盆，洪流暴涨，狂风肆意冲击房屋。
23. The boys were frightened as the wind blew several trees on their side and the light continued to come and go in the sky(闪电在空中持续乱舞).
24. There was now a fine, cold drizzle falling(寒冷的细雨), and the wind had risen from its uncertain（模糊的） puffs （一阵阵小风）into a steady blow. The few foot passengers astir （活动的）in that quarter hurried dismally（沉闷地） and silently along with coat collars turned high and pocketed hands（踹口袋里的手）.
早上：
1. The sweetness of the sun fills my lungs.
阳光的甜蜜充满我的肺。
2. The first ray of sunlight is too fragile to touch.
第一缕阳光太脆弱，无法触摸。
3. Spring breeze draws the curtain of clouds and the sunshine floods into the classrooms.
春风拉开云帘，阳光洒进教室。
4. The whole world blossoms with one breath of the sunshine.
一缕阳光，全世界绽放。
5. Snow blanketed every rooftop and weighed on the branches of old trees.
雪覆盖了每一个屋顶，压在老树的树枝上。
6. Kissed by the rain and shining, the wet ground is cold under foot. The birds busy themselves around me, not caring that I'm there.
被雨露亲吻，脚下湿漉漉的地面冰凉。鸟儿在我身边忙碌着，根本不在乎我在那里。
7. A dense earthly sweet smell rose from the ground, enveloping everything within its soft embrace.
一股浓浓的泥土香从地底升起，将一切都笼罩在它柔软的怀抱中。
8. When I drew the curtains back, the sunlight flooded in.
拉开窗帘，阳光洒进来。
9. Golden sunshine, fragile greens and a sea of fragrant flowers crowd into my eyes. Walking into the painting, I am totally drunk with the twittering (吱喳) of birds. Soon the delicate 纤弱的,精致的 air and soft raindrops melt my heart.
金色的阳光，娇嫩的绿色，一片芬芳的花海涌入我的眼帘。步入画中，鸟鸣啾啾，令我醉醺醺。很快，纤弱的细腻的空气和柔软的雨滴融化了我的心。
10. It was Saturday morning, and all the summer world was bright and fresh, and filled with life. There was a song in every heart. There was cheer in every face and a spring in every step. The air was filled with the pleasant smell of flowers. Cardiff Hill, beyond the village and above it, was green with trees and looked beautiful.
那是星期六的早晨，整个夏天的世界都明亮清新，充满生机。每个人心中都有一首歌。每一张脸上都洋溢着欢呼，每一步都充满了春天。空气中弥漫着宜人的花香。村外上方的卡迪夫山（Cardiff Hill）绿树成荫，看上去很美。
黄昏：
1. As the sky gradually darkened and the light dimmed, he quickened his steps.
随着天色渐渐暗了下来，光线也渐渐暗了下来，他加快了脚步。
2. The sun hid himself behind the mountains, making it hard to see anything in the thick darkness.
太阳躲在山后，漆黑一片，什么也看不见。
3. Falling leaves fluttered down in the cool mid-autumn air, bidding farewell to sweet summer and beckoning the autumn in.
中秋的凉风中，落叶飘落，告别甜美的夏天，迎接秋天的到来。
4. It's dark now and the snow is still falling, clumps of wet flakes drifting mindlessly down, the air moist, the sidewalk mushy underfoot.
天已经黑了，雪还在下，一团团潮湿的雪花漫不经心地飘落下来，空气潮湿，人行道在脚下变得糊状。
5. The rain drummed on the window, bidding farewell to the last beam of sunlight.
雨水打在窗户上，告别了最后一缕阳光。
6. The lingering sunlight was obliterated by the rapidly falling night，resembling a pitch-black curtain draped over the sky.
余晖被急速落下的夜幕抹去，犹如漆黑的帷幕笼罩在天际。
7. The leaves crunched beneath my feet as I strolled down the street. Occasionally, one would fall past me, lightly swaying as the air gently carried it to the ground.
走在街上，树叶在我脚下嘎吱作响。偶尔，一个人会从我身边掉下来，随着空气轻轻地将它带到地面，轻轻摇晃。
8. The lake mirrored the sky above, both of them blameless blue and shimmering.
湖水映照着头顶的天空，两人都是无可指摘的蓝色，闪烁着微光。
9. The sunset was like orange paint on a blue canvas.
日落就像蓝色画布上的橙色颜料。
10. The strong sun on my black hair would burn me in minutes if I couldn’t find shelter.
如果我找不到庇护所，我黑发上的强烈阳光会在几分钟内灼伤我。
11. The sun dropped through and laid on his head and shoulders.
太阳落下，落在他的头和肩膀上。
晚上：
1. From the distance, he saw some dim light(昏暗的灯光) in the village.
从远处，他看到村子里有些昏暗的灯光。
2. Silence between dad and me made me more nervous and scared. At that moment, it was completely dark except the faint light given out by a few stars in the sky.
爸爸和我之间的沉默让我更加紧张和害怕。那一刻，除了天空中几颗星星发出的微弱光芒外，天已经完全黑了。
3. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
漆黑的雨夜，风，雷鸣般的乌云，让我完全掌握在它们的力量中。
4. The sky, midnight blue, gave the scene a fairytale quality, and the stars that dotted the sky lit up the night.
天空，午夜蓝，赋予场景一种童话般的质感，点缀天空的星星点亮了夜晚。
5. The clear blue sky was dotted with fluttering larks.
湛蓝的天空点缀着飞舞的百灵鸟。
6. The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the heaven, whipping against the branches of lined trees. The world was burdened with a sea of darkness. I was seized with the roaring power of nature, a sense of horror creeping up on me. I immediately turned around to slide into the bed and curled up.
狂风呼啸，雨从天上倾泻而下，拍打着成排的树枝。世界笼罩在一片黑暗的海洋中。我被大自然的咆哮力量所吸引，一种恐怖感在我身上蔓延。我立即转身滑进床上，蜷缩起来。、
7. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
漆黑的雨夜，风，雷鸣般的乌云，让我完全掌握在它们的力量中。
8. The evening of this day was very long, and melancholy(阴郁的), at Hartfield. The weather added what it could of gloom. A cold stormy rain set in(阴冷的暴风雨袭来), and nothing of July appeared but in the trees and shrubs（灌木丛）, which the wind was despoiling(摧残), and the length of the day, which only made such cruel sights the longer visible.
这一天的晚上很长，很忧郁，在哈特菲尔德。天气增添了它可能的阴霾。一场阴冷的暴风雨袭来，七月的任何东西都没有出现，只出现在被风掠走（残）的树丛中残酷的景象越久可见。
9. The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds， and the whole world seemed to be enveloped in a huge gray quilt.
天阴沉沉的，乌云密布，整个世界仿佛都笼罩在一张巨大的灰色被子里。
10. The thin trees were blowing wildly, and untidy gray clouds were sailing past a pale, sicky moon. The frosty air blew in, cutting like knife.
稀疏的树木在狂风吹拂，凌乱的灰色云彩掠过苍白病态的月亮。寒气袭来，如刀割一般。
（五）：日月星辰景色描写
日
1. In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky. 黎明时，天空中映出了望踏的轮廓。
2. Dawn is beginning to show in the east. 东方露出曙光。
3. Dawn mantled in the sky. 满天曙光。
4. The sun rose bathed the earth in its glow. 太阳升起，灿烂的阳光沐浴着大地。
5. The sun peered through a vast cloud. 太阳从大块云朵中隐约出现。
6. The sunbeam struck full on his face. 阳光正好照在他脸上。
7. The descending sun was making brilliance upon the water. 落日将余辉洒在水面上。
8. The setting sun kindled the sky. 落日照红了天空。
9. The sunset dyed the sky red. 夕阳映红了天空。
10. Dewdrops sparkled in the morning sun. 露珠在早晨的阳光下闪闪发光。
11. The clouds rolled away and sun came out. 云散日出。
12. The fog lifted and the sun came out. 雾散日出。
13. Light streamed in through the window when I parted the curtains.当我拉开窗帘时，光线从窗口射了进来。
14. In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.
在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的灰尘像金子一般在闪闪发亮。
15. Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows.
阳光射入了它所能透过的地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。
16. The sun broke through the clouds. 阳光从云层中透了过来。
17. Daylight filtered through clouds. 日光透过云层。
18. The sun burst through the clouds and shone over the earth. 阳光穿破乌云，普照大地。
19. Yellow fog filled the streets and hid the daylight.
黄色的烟雾弥漫在街头巷尾，遮天蔽日。20. A great cloud rose from the ground and followed the rail of the great sun.一朵庞大的烟云随着一轮巨日从地面升起。
21. A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
22. The rising sun flamed the eastern sky.
朝阳染红了东方的天空。
23. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.天空布满了夕阳西斜时的种种色彩。
月
24. Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon. The garden was bathed in moonlight.
一弯新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。
25. The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢从海上升起。
26. The moon is moving west against the background of the stars. 月亮在星星的衬托下正向西运行。
27. The moon was obscured by dark clouds. 月亮被乌云遮蔽了。
28. The moon went in and it grew rather dark. 月亮被云层遮蔽，天暗了下来。
29. The moon’s flame brightened the vast expanse of snow. 月亮照亮了一片雪原。
星
30. The meteor (shooting star) shot across the sky. 流星飞快地掠过天空。
31. Night lowered its curtain and mantled the land. 夜幕降临，笼罩了大地。
32. At night, millions of stars shine in the darkness. 入夜，繁星在夜空中闪烁。
33. As night fell, lights in the sky multiplied. 夜幕降临，满天繁星。
34. The night sky is spotted with stars.夜晚的天空繁星点点。
35. Bright, very bright were the stars over the dark hills. 黑黝黝的群山上空，星星是多么明亮啊！
36. The stars are not giving much light tonight. 今晚的星光不亮。
37. It was evening, the sun had set and the stillness of twilight was upon everything.
那是一个夜晚，太阳落山了，黄昏时刻的寂静笼罩啄一切。
38. The tower clock speaks night. 塔楼的钟声报告夜晚的来临。
39. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
40. The garden was bathed in moonlight. 那花园沐浴在月光里。
（六）各种“雨”的表达
1. 表示“暴风雨”的短语
a fierce storm 强风暴
rainstorms 暴风雨
torrential downpours/rains 倾盆大雨
furious storms 狂风暴雨
the bluster of the wind and rain 狂风暴雨
the violent thunderstorms 强烈的雷暴
a heavy rainfall 大雨，暴雨
pouring rain 瓢泼大雨
cloudburst （突然的）大暴雨
rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
heavy rain 暴雨
downpour 倾盆大雨
storm/rainstorms 暴风雨
其他有关“雨”的表达
小雨
1.drizzle下毛毛雨;毛毛雨 形容词是drizzly
e.g.: It's drizzling outside. 外面下着蒙蒙细雨。
e.g.: It was a dull drizzly morning.那是个阴雨蒙蒙的早晨。
其他雨
雷阵雨 thunderstorm rain
雨季 the rain season
阵雨 shower
人工降雨 artificial rainfall
中雨 moderate rain
暴雨 rainstorm
雷雨 thunderstorm
暴风雨 storm
各类各样的雨具
雨伞 umbrella
雨衣 raincoat
雨鞋 rain boots
雨披 poncho
防雨夹克 rain jacket
与“雨”有关的俚语
1.改期，再约 Take a rain check
这个俚语通常用在社交活动改期。如果是重要的公事要改期，那最好用reschedule这个词，比较正式。
e.g.: I'm afraid I can't come to the party tonight. Can we take a rain check
今晚的聚会我来不了了，我们下次再约吧！
2.风雨无阻 rain or shine
通常用来形容一定会进行的事情。
e.g. He goes jogging every morning, rain or shine.
他每天早晨都去慢跑，风雨无阻。
3.以防万一、以备不时之需 Rainy day通常用在存钱、囤货这类事上。
e.g.: My father always told me to save for a rainy day.
我爸爸一直教育我要存钱，以防不时之需。
4.呼风唤雨的人 Rain maker
多指很会赚钱。
e.g. He's definitely a rain maker. He closed a few big deals sicne he got here.
他执行力很强，来了以后签下几笔大单。
因雨取消
be rained off/out
e.g.:The game has been rained off again.
比赛又因为下雨被取消了。
6.祸不单行
英：It never rains but it pours.
美：When it rains, it pours.
4. “被雨淋湿”的表达
He was completely drenched by the rain.他被雨淋得完全成了落汤鸡。
Unfortunately, Tom was caught in the rain.真不幸，汤姆在雨中被淋成了落汤鸡。
We arrived home completely sodden.我们回到家时已成落汤鸡了。
The shower stroked me to the skin.阵雨淋得我像落汤鸡。
描写“暴风骤雨”的句子
1. The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds.(乌云密布；黑云压顶)
2. On that dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling. (海浪肆意拍打；劲风咆哮)
3. The rain came pouring down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against the house. (暴风骤雨)
4.The first drops of rain are huge. They splat into the dust and imprint the windows with individual signatures. 最初落下来的是大颗大颗的水珠，扑扑地打在尘土里。在玻璃窗是留下了一个个印记。
5.They plink on the vent pipe and plunk on the patio roof. 雨点把排气管敲得叮叮当当，把露台顶棚打得噼噼啪啪。
6.Leaves shudder under their weight before rebounding, and sidewalk wears a coat of shiny spots.树叶被砸得瑟瑟发抖，难以抬头。人行道披上了一层亮闪闪的水点。
7. The rain now becomes a torrent, flung capriciously by rising wind. 这时，雨下的简直是倾盆如注，狂风吹得雨水飘摇不定。
8.Wind and rain swept across the world, tearing the dark and gloomy sky apart.狂风暴雨席卷着整个世界,灰暗沉郁的天空被撕裂得七零八落。
9.I saw a black dragon ahead with gusts of wind coming this direction. The storm was here.只见前方一条黑龙带着阵阵狂风正向这个方向袭来,不好要下雨了。
10.Heavy thundery rain fell throughout Thursday.星期四下了一整天的雷暴雨。
11.With a vague feeling of uneasiness I move to the window. There, in the west, lies the answer - cloud has piled on cloud to form a ridge of mammoth while towers, rearing against blue sky.我怀着隐隐约约的烦躁与不安，信步走到窗前。原来答案就在西边天际，云层重重叠叠，就像一排嵯峨的白塔，高耸在蓝天之上。
12.Their piercing whiteness is of brief duration.云彩那耀眼的白色转瞬便消失了。
13.The clouds reveal their darker nature. 云层也露出了阴暗的本来面目。
14.In the house a door shuts with a bang, curtains billow into the room.砰的一声，风关上了一扇房门。窗帘也随风扬起，向屋内翻卷着。
15.Together they batter the trees and level the grasses. 风雨交加，恣意地抽打树木，夷平草地。
6. 练习：翻译下列与“雨”有关的句子
1.起初，有一种平静的感觉悄悄袭上我的心头。
2.刹那间，万物都突然寂静无声。
3.雨加快了节奏，叮叮当当紧跟着噼噼啪啪，一阵紧似一阵，终于连成一片紧密的鼓点，颗颗雨滴也汇集成一支行进在田野和屋顶的大军。
4.这时，第一道闪电刺向大地，这是老天划的惊叹号。暴风雨来了。
5.随即响起了一声霹雳，我不禁跳了起来。
6.我在房里踱来踱去，从一个窗口走到另一个窗口，屋外的景色使我瞠目结舌，惊叹不已。
7.雨仍在淅淅沥沥地下着，我却忍不住走到室外。
8.像大地一样，我也焕然一新，心灵得到了净化。
9.我感到无比的平静，一时间全然忘掉了以往郁积在心头的烦恼与忧愁。
10.他们都已被这辉煌壮丽的暴风雨涤荡得干干净净。
参考译文
1.It begins when a feeling of stillness creeps into my consciousness.
2.Every thing has suddenly gone quiet.
3.The rhythm accelerates; plink follows plunk faster and faster until the sound is a roll of drums and the individual drops become an army marching over fields and rooftops.
4.Now the first bolt of lightning stabs the earth. It is heaven's exclamation point. The storm is here!
5.In spite of myself, I jump at the following crack of thunder.
6.Pacing through the house from window to window, I am moved to openmouthed wonder.
7.I am drawn outside while the rain still falls.
8.Like the land, I am renewed, my spirits cleansed.
9.I feel an infinite peace. For a time I have forgotten the worries and irritations I am nurturing before.
10.They have been washed away by the glories of the storm.
（七）其他句子赏析
1. I closed my eyes in the speeding car. Winding rivers, lofty mountains, deep valleys and sunny beaches held me entirely in their fascination.
我在飞驰的车里闭上了眼睛。蜿蜒的河流、巍峨的山脉、深邃的山谷和阳光明媚的海滩让我完全着迷。
2. The gentle breeze(微风) stroked his head , as if comforting all his tiredness.
微风轻抚着他的头，仿佛抚慰了他所有的疲惫。
3. Familiar smells of the earth rose up to greet her. Wandering in the woods, Ally slowed her pace to find the little guy in the mixed air. The sun looked at her with a glowing smile and the flowers nodded merrily towards her. The breeze patted her on the face, warm and comfortable.
.熟悉的泥土气息迎面扑来。漫步在树林中，艾莉放慢了脚步，在混杂的空气中找到了小家伙。太阳带着灿烂的笑容看着她，花儿也朝她开心地点点头。微风轻抚着她的脸庞，温暖而舒适
4. The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the heaven, whipping against the branches of lined trees. The world was burdened with a sea of darkness. I was seized with the roaring power of nature, a sense of horror creeping up on me. I immediately turned around to slide into the bed and curled up.
狂风呼啸，雨从天上倾泻而下，拍打着一排排的树枝。世界笼罩在一片黑暗的海洋中。我被大自然的咆哮力量所吸引，一种恐怖感在我身上蔓延。我立即转身滑进床上，蜷缩起来。
5. On the day back to school, dark clouds hung low in the sky. The rain poured down, with cold drops and angry winds slapping(拍；掴) my face. I was drowned in floods of warm tears and freezing rain.
返校那天，天上乌云低垂。雨倾盆而下，冰冷的水珠和怒风拍打（拍；掴）我的脸。我被温暖的泪水和冻雨淹没了。
6. Spring, like an amazing artist, paints our campus with richer and deeper colors. Golden sunshine, fragile greens and a sea of fragrant flowers crowd into my eyes. Walking into the painting, I am totally drunk with the twittering(吱喳) of birds. Soon the delicate 纤弱的,精致的 air and soft raindrops melt my heart. Oh, I’m lost… in the masterpiece of Spring!
春天，像一位了不起的艺术家，用更丰富更深沉的色彩描绘了我们的校园。金色的阳光，娇嫩的绿叶，一片芬芳的花海涌入我的眼帘。步入画中，鸟鸣咝咝咝咝不已。很快，纤弱的细腻的空气和柔软的雨滴融化了我的心。哦，我迷失了……春天的杰作！
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar 表语从句
[观察例句]
1．One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
2．The question is who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm.
3．Her confusion is whether she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.
4．What John Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.
5．Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is what is generally called a gap year.
[归纳用法]
1．所有例句中的黑体部分都位于系动词be后，作表语，故都是表语从句，这些表语从句在词性上相当于一个名词。
2．例1由从属连词that引导；例2由连接代词who引导；例3由从属连词whether引导；例4由连接副词why引导；例5由连接代词what引导。
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
1．从属连词that引导的表语从句
从属连词that的用法：①无意义 ②不充当成分
③不可省略
The reason for his absence is that he hasn't been informed.
他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.
我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句
The point is whether we should lend him the money.
关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
[名师点津] if不能引导表语从句。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
This is what I am interested in.
这就是我所感兴趣的。
That's where I first met her.
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
4．because，as if/though等引导的表语从句
It's just because he doesn't know her.
这仅仅是因为他不认识她。
Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years.
现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
[即学即练1] 用where，when，that填空
①Look at the high mountain.That is we will get.
②The first time we met each other was we studied in that school.
③My advice is we (should) work together.
【答案】1.where 2.when 3.that
5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别
That's why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That's because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
I didn't phone her，and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)
我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。
I didn't phone her，and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)
我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。
[名师点津]
reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
6．表语从句中的虚拟语气
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
[即学即练2] 用why，that，because填空
①It was raining hard；that was I came late.
②I came late；that was it was raining hard.
③The reason why I came late was it was raining hard.
【答案】1.why 2.because 3.that
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was he was late.
2．Energy is makes things work.
3．We didn't set out；it was we wanted to wait until our mother came back.
4．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.
5．A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ships are built for.
6．The trouble is I can't find my way.
7．What he wants to know is we can finish our work by tomorrow morning.
8．The reason why I was sad was he didn't understand me.
9．That is we are looking forward to.
10．Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell close you may be to victory.
【答案】1.why 2.what 3.because 4.that 5.what 6.that 7.whether 8.that 9.what 10.how