（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题03. 选择性必修第3册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection

一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题03.选择性必修第3册　Unit 3Environmental Protection
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图 2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放 3．seal n．海豹 4．methane n．甲烷；沼气 5．dioxide n．二氧化物 6．habitable adj.适合居住的 7．fossil n．化石 8．worldwide adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的 9．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积 10．penguin n．企鹅 11．undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等) 12．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行 13．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.& vt.缓和；使适中 14．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的 15．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立 16．regulation n．章程；规章制度 17．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理 18．waterway n．水道；航道 19．Norway 挪威(北欧国家) 重点单词 1．ecology n．生态；生态学 2．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化 3．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 4．carbon n．碳 5．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 6．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的 7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向 8．broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目 9．policy n．政策；方针；原则 10．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 11．basin n．流域；盆地；盆 12．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良 13．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴 14．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱 15．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的 16．jungle n．(热带)从林；密林 17．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物) 18．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷 19．garbage n．垃圾；废物 20．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业 21．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复 22．dozen n．(一)打；十二个 23．fine vt.对……处以罚款 24．campaign n．运动；战役vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动 25．agenda n．议程表；议事日程
词汇拓展 1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死 2．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的 3．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；发生率 4．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束性的 5．harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐 6．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服 7．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→sense n．意思；感官vt.感觉到；察觉到 8．conservation n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约 9．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员 10．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍
重点词组 1．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 2．fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油) 3．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人 4．dozens of 许多；很多
重点句型 1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 毫无疑问，地球正在不断变暖。 2．Without this process，Earth could not sustain life. 如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。 3．It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 抓住每个机会来教育大家关于全球变暖的知识以及它的原因和影响是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。 4．Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. 以往，漓江的水质因为游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，许多游客频繁地将垃圾扔入水中。 5．With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. 有了这些措施，人们相信，漓江的美会被保留下来给后代。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear, which appeared to have starved to death without finding seals because of melting ice. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology.
Climate scientists think there are two reasons for the increase in the global average surface temperature. The process of “natural greenhouse effect” keeps Earth's climate warm and habitable and makes it possible for Earth to sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect caused by burning fossil fuels makes more heat energy trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.
There is comprehensive evidence that temperature rise has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. With news reports about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves frequently broadcast , this warming trend will probably continue and repay at a higher price without appropriate actions. This requires the attention of people all over the world and the needs for the governments to make policies and take appropriate measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As individuals, we can reduce our "carbon footprint" by restricting carbon dioxide. It is also our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming along with its causes and impacts.
气候变化需要全世界的关注
毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。2013年，因为一张北极熊尸体的新闻照片让很多人震惊，这只熊似乎是饿死的, 因为冰川融化，北极熊捕猎不到海豹。这一令人震惊的案例表明气温升高对地球生态产生了怎样的影响。
气候学家们认为有两大因素导致全球表面平均温度的上升。“自然”温室效应的过程使得地球气候保持温暖和适宜居住， 维持生命成为可能。然而，通过燃烧化石燃料等造成的“人为”温室效应使更多的热量被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。有全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加。新闻报道经常播报 极端暴雨和热浪的新闻, 如果不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，付出更高的代价。这需要全世界人民的关注和各国政府需要制定政策并采取适当措施来减少温室气体排放。 作为个人，我们也可以通过限制二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，让每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响.
Passage 2
REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER
The beautiful Li River is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in Guangxi,attracting millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year. However, with the growth in tourism, volume of tourists, local population,as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises,water quality in the Li River has suffered greatly,ending up with more garbage and chemicals in the river and causing a frequently decrease in the number of fish species.
Finally,A comprehensive initiative of raising environmental awareness and a series of urgent steps have been started to restore the river's original beauty. Dozens of polluting enterprises have been closed or moved.The government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development,tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. Meanwhile, they have started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses. With such campaigns in effect,China's waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future. It is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for future generations.
减少漓江水污染
美丽的漓江是广西最著名的旅游目的地之一，它每年吸引数以百万计的国内外游客。然而，随着旅游业的发展，游客量的增长，当地人口迅速增长，以及商业和工业企业的数量增加，漓江的水质遭到了严重破坏, 导致河中垃圾和化学物质的增加，最终导致鱼类物种数量日益减少。
最终，为恢复河流的原貌，一项全面的提高环境意识的倡议及一系列的紧急措施被启动。许多污染企业被关闭或搬迁；政府制定了关于进一步发展工业的严格章程和游船路线以及垃圾处理方法的规定。与此同时，他们开始定期进行检查，并对滥用职权的旅游组织进行罚款。随着这些行动的生效，中国的水资源正朝着洁净的、可持续发展的未来迈进。人们相信漓江的美景将世代留存下去。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
悲伤&愤怒&羞愧心理描写
Part I 悲伤
1.词汇与短语
1）悲伤
①sadness n. 悲哀，忧伤
②sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛
③blue adj. 悲伤的；沮丧的
④unhappy adj. 不高兴的，伤心的
⑤down adj. 心情低落的
⑥depressed adj. 压抑的,情绪低落的
⑦burst into tears 突然哭起来
⑧be in low spirits 情绪低落,烦恼
①worry n．& vi. 烦恼，担忧
②worried adj. 担心的，烦恼的
③anxiety n. 担忧，焦虑
④anxious adj. 忧虑的，焦急的
⑤bored adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的
⑥annoyed adj. 烦恼的
⑦upset adj. 不安的
2.句子
①He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks.他静静地站着，眼泪顺着面颊流了下来。②I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。
③Her hands were shaking. She was on the verge of tears.她的手在颤抖。她快要哭了。④Hearing the news, so desperate was he that he drowned sadness in wine.听到这个消息，他绝望地把悲伤淹没在酒里。
⑤She burst into tears and ran out of the room.她突然哭了起来，跑出了房间。
⑥She sobbed, hiding her face in her hands.她掩面哭泣。
⑦I tried to fight back tears./My eyes were filled with tears.我努力忍住眼泪。/ 我的眼里充满了泪水。
⑧A frown（皱眉）now stood on his face.他皱起了眉头。
⑨They sat there with glum looks on their faces.他们坐在那里，带着一脸忧郁。
⑩The news cast a cloud of gloom over his face.这消息使他脸上蒙上了一层阴影。
He brimmed over with sorrow when...他满是悲伤……
They were immersed in sorrow.他们沉浸在悲痛之中。
These days he was in low spirits.这些日子他情绪低落。
In that moment, I seem to hear the sound of the collapse of the world. 就在那一瞬间，我仿佛听见了全世界崩溃的声音。
Some wounds will never heal. 有些伤，是永远不会愈合了。
Tears of grief flooded her eyes as she prayed silently: ….”
His wife’s disease took away his appetite.
2）表示“流泪”
1. Tears blurred one’s eyes./One’s eyes got misty./One’s eyes misted/dimmed with tears. 泪眼模糊
2. ...be close to tears 几乎要哭了
3. tears (roll down one’s eyes/cheeks/face) 泪水落下
仿写：
1) 当得知我被重点大学录取时，我妈差点儿就哭了。
My mother was close to tears when she heard I was admitted to a key university.
2) 他站在一个角落里，泪流满面。
He stood in a corner with tears rolling down his face.
02表人物悲忧消沉
强烈的失落感：a strong sense of loss
陷入绝望：fall into despair
让他很伤感：put him into a sentimental mood
避免陷入消极的旋涡：avoid getting sucked into a whirlpool of negativity
哭泣释放苦闷情绪：crying gives some emotional release
减轻某人的痛苦/烦恼：ease sb of his pain/trouble
因某人的死亡而痛心：break one’ s heart over one ’ death
使某人悲痛：make one’s heart bleed
伤心而死：die of a broken heart
悲痛欲绝：cry one ’ s heart out
怀着沉重的心情：with a heavy heart
沮丧的：with a sinking heart
忧郁的：with sorrowful heart
惊慌失措：be seized wilh panic
有点惊讶：come as something of a surprise
感到极度疲劳和难以招架：feel exhausted and overwhelmed
很可能引发一阵挫败感：be extremely likely to raise a storm of frustration
感到一阵悲伤：a flash of grief came upon sb.
情绪低落：be down in spirits
垂头丧气：lose one ’ s spirit
心里悲伤：be sad at heart
意志消沉：a broken spirit
03表人物怨怒
引起某人的不快：arouse one’s displeasure
对某人的行为感到不满：be displeased at one ’ s conduct
易为琐事而恼火：be easily annoyed at trifles
气得说不出话：be speechless with indignation
不断地抱怨：complain constantly
对某人大发脾气：rage at sb.
怒火万丈：flame high
气得满脸通红：flame with anger
勃然大怒：fly into a rage
对某人生气：get irritated at
对某人勃然大怒：get mad/cross at sb.
愁眉苦脸：have a worried look
对抱怨不予理会：ignore/disregard a complaint
对...表示不满：express/voice a complaint about
怒气冲冲地跑出房间：run out of the room in a
愤怒地跺脚：stamp one’s foot in anger
感到尴尬的：feel embarrassed
感到困惑的：feel puzzled/confused
感到沮丧：feel frustrated/depressed
感到恶心的：feel disgusted/sickened
感到恼怒的：feel annoyed
感到愤怒的：feel irritated
感到泄气的：feel discouraged
充满怨恨的眼神：a resentful look
Part II 愤怒
1.词汇和短语
①anger ：普通用词，通常指因受到侮辱、损害、指责或顶撞等而引起的愤怒。
②indignation ：较正式用词，指出于正义或对不公正之事而发出的愤怒。
③fury ：语气最强，指极端的气愤，甚至达到发疯的程度。
④rage ：侧重突然而猛列发作，难以控制的大怒
①to speak in anger: 气冲冲地说话
②to be in a fume; 怒气冲冲
③to be angered by/at......；因.....而发怒；
④to fume at/about sth; 因.....而发怒；对....发怒；
⑤the boss often fumes at (/about) trifels. 老板常常因为小事而发怒。
⑥to bluster oneself into anger; 勃然大怒；
⑦to fly (fall) into rage (fury); 勃然大怒；
⑧in a sudden fit of anger; 一怒之下；
⑨to be filled with anger; 满腔怒火；
⑩to be filled with fury; 满腔怒火；
to be furious with sb/at sth; （对某事/某人）大发雷霆；大动肝火；
to hit the roof/ceiling; 大发雷霆；大动肝火；
to rage at/about sb (sth); （对某人，某事）大发脾气；
to outrage at.....; （对什么暴行引起的）义愤（痛恨）；对.....表示强烈愤慨！
to be in a rage with sb; (对某人）大发脾气；
to be hot with rage; 气的发火；
can't stand it any longer; 忍无可忍；再也无法忍受；
to become (get) livid with rage; 气的脸色发青；
to give sb a good scolding for doing sth; （ 因某人做某事）把痛斥一顿；
to roar at sb; to storm at sb; （对某人）大喊大叫；
patience runs out; 失去耐心；不耐烦；
to hit a sensitive nerve; 戳到痛处；触及敏感的神经；
be furious with 对...大发雷霆；
get angry/mad at对...生气；
piss someone off.惹某人十分的生气；
get on one's nerves.让某人生气；厌烦
lose one's rag 发脾气；
blow a fuse勃然大怒；
blow one's top怒发冲冠；
go ballistic/mad/crazy非常生气
2.句子
①I was seized by anger.我充满了愤怒。
②He was fuming with rage.他气得大发雷霆。
③His anger boiled over.他的愤怒爆发了。
④He could hardly/scarcely contain his rage.他几乎控制不住怒火。
⑤He was breathing fire and fury.他充满着怒火。
⑥His voice trembled with anger.他的声音因愤怒而颤抖。
⑦He gave me a look of burning anger.他愤怒地看了我一眼。
⑧He glared at me with burning eyes.他用灼热的目光怒视着我。
⑨He flared up at the word.他一听到这个字就勃然大怒。
⑩His face clouded with anger.他气得脸色阴沉。
Upon hearing this, Hamlet was even more furious with Claudius, and his mother.
一听到这个秘密，哈姆雷特对克劳迪斯和他的母亲更加愤恨不已。
I get angry at things that never used to get me angry .
一向不会让我生气的事，现在竟让我生气。
Children get on their parent's nerves by asking so many questions
孩子们提这么多问题，使他们的父母心烦。
There were times when even the smallest mistake would make him lose his rag.
有时候甚至微乎其微的差错也会使他大发脾气。
The referee was so unfair that they were about to blow a fuse.
裁判不公正，他们几乎气得发狂。
John blew his top when his team was defeated in the match.
当他的球队在比赛中败北时，约翰大发脾气。
If Linda finds out she failed this class, she'll go ballistic.
如果琳达发现她没有通过这门功课的话,她一定会气疯的。
Part II 羞愧
1.词汇和短语
①shame n.遗憾的事；羞愧
②disappointment n.失望；沮丧
③disappoint vt.使失望
④ashamed adj.惭愧的；害臊的
⑤shamefaced害羞着的
⑥blushingly羞愧地
⑤be ashamed of oneself为自己感到惭愧
⑦be ashamed of 因…而感到耻辱,对…感到惭愧
⑧be ashamed at 对…感到害羞
⑨be ashamed for 因…而感到害羞
⑩ashamed of 耻于...
be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到害臊
be ashamed of oneself for 因…而感到害羞
to feel ashamed for sb 替(某人)感到羞愧
to feel ashamed that... 对...感到羞愧
2.句子
①Hearing the words, he hung down his head for shame. 听了这话, 他惭愧得低下头来.
②I felt small when I learned how badly I had misjudged him. 知道错怪了他时,我感到很惭愧.
②She was covered with shame at her failure. 她对自己的失败感到无比惭愧.
③To my shame, I never did help them. 我感到惭愧的是, 我从来没有帮助过他们
④I was, to my shame, a coward.我很羞愧，我是个懦夫。
⑥I don't want to bring shame on the family name.我不想给家族蒙羞。
⑦He committed suicide rather than face the shame of being linked to the scandal.他不敢面对丑闻带来的羞愧，自杀了。
⑧Her son's affair had humiliated and shamed her.他儿子的事使她蒙羞。
⑨He tried to deny it. Shame on him! 他企图狡辩，真不要脸！
⑩Her face was flushed, her head was hanging gently, and tears were shining from the corners of her eyes. 她的脸上泛起了红晕，头轻轻地垂着，眼角上闪着泪光。
A lump came into my throat, and tears rolled down my cheeks without struggle. 我觉得鼻子一酸，不争气地的眼泪掉了下来。
I felt a lump in my throat as the sorrows went through my mind. My tears gathered and flowed down my face. 一阵悲伤的心情涌入我的脑海，我哽咽欲泣，眼泪不知觉的从脸上落下。
Torn with grief, I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart and tears blurred my eyes. 我的心像刀绞一般, 泪水模糊了我的眼睛。
All kinds of feelings welled up. 我心里像打翻了五味瓶,真不是滋味。
With my face burning, I don’t know where to start. 脸火辣辣地发烧，我不知道该从何说起。
With my palm sweating, my heart seems to have tens of thousands of ants crawling. 我手心冒出一片冷汗，心头像是有千万只蚂蚁爬过。
I was ashamed. I blamed myself. I was wrong. 我心里很惭愧，我暗暗责备自己，我错了，我太自私了。
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　直接引语和间接引语
【观察例句】
1．“I don't know the address of my new home，” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn't know the address of her new home.
2．Mother said to Tom，“I will come back home this evening.”
→Mother told Tom that she would go back home that evening.
3．“I have never been to Beijing with my parents，” said Jack to his friend.
→Jack told his friend that he had never been to Beijing with his parents.
4．“Does a friend always have to be with each other？” Mary asked Lily.
→Mary asked Lily if/whether a friend always has to be with each other.
【归纳用法】
直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。
1．连接词的选择
(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。
The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”小男孩说：“我在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。”(直接引语为陈述句)
→The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.小男孩说，他在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句)
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导。
Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？”(直接引语为一般疑问句)
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。(间接引语改为whether/if引导的宾语从句)
(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.他说：“什么时候举行运动会？”(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.他问什么时候举行运动会。(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)
【注意】
(1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为told sb.。
(2)直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
[即学即练1]　将直接引语变换为间接引语
①The patient asked，“Is Dr.Li at the hospital？”
→The patient asked Dr.Li was at the hospital.
②“Who lost the key to the room？”asked Miss Green.
→Miss Green asked had lost the key to the room.
【答案】1.whether/if2.who
2．人称的变化
(记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”
玛丽说，“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。
(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。
(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”
工人们说：“领导经常让工人们加班。”
→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
工人们说领导经常让工人们加班。
[即学即练2]　将直接引语变换为间接引语
①John said，“Tomorrow I'm going to attend this party.”
→John said (that) the next day attend this party.
②She said，“I worked in Shanghai three years ago.”
→She said (that) three years before.
【答案】1.he was going to2.she had worked in Shanghai
3．时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表：
直接引语 间接引语
句 子 时 态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
一般将来时 过去将来时
His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)
The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”
组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)
→The organizer said that they had begun their plan.
组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)
【注意】　
直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况：
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时；
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变；
(3)主句的谓语时态为现在进行时态。
[即学即练3]　将直接引语变换为间接引语
①My mother said，“The door isn't locked.”
→My mother said that the door ．
②The patient said，“The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease.”
→The patient said (that) the doctors the mysterious disease.
③Tom said，“I am reading in my room.”
→Tom said that he in his room.
【答案】1.wasn't locked2.had discussed3.was reading
4．指示词、状语及动词的变化
指示 代词 this that
these those
时间 状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next(following)day
last month(week) the month(week)before
next month(week) the next month(week)
the day before yesterday two days before
地点 状语 here there
动词 come go
bring take
5.当祈使句作直接引语表示要求和命令时，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.的形式。
“Follow his instructions，”she said to me.
→She told me to follow his instructions.
她告诉我要听他的指令。
6．若直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或never。
She said，“Don't make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
她告诉孩子们不要制造这么多噪音。
7．当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb.＋to do”等结构。
Jack said，“Let's go to the cinema tonight.”
→Jack suggested that we should go to the cinema that night.
→Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
那天晚上杰克建议我们去看电影。
8．如果直接引语部分是感叹句，改为间接引语时，引导词可以用该感叹句的感叹词(即what或how)引导，也可以用that引导。
She said，“What a lovely day it is！”
→She said what a lovely day it was.她说天气不错。
9．若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would，could等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。
“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
他问我是否能借给他两元钱。
[即学即练4]　将直接引语变换为间接引语
①She cried，“What a crazy idea you have！”
→She cried a crazy idea I had.
②I asked my roommate，“Would you mind turning the music down？”
→I asked my roommate the music down.
【答案】1.what 2. to turn
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She said that their train (arrive) in five minutes.
2．My mother asked me I had finished the homework.
3．Tom told me that he would help me with my English next day.
4．The teacher told the boys and girls that the sun (rise) in the east.
5．The old man asked my brother what he (do) there the day before.
6．The little girl told him that she (watch) the wonderful football match the month before.
7．She said that she (write) a letter when he knocked at the door.
8．She told me that she (break) my CD player because of carelessness.
9．This morning he said that he leave for Beijing tomorrow.
10．He asked us how many car factories (build) in our country by the end of last year.
【答案】1.would arrive2.whether/if3.the 4.rises5. had done6.had watched7.was writing8.had broken9.would 10.had been built