（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题04. 选择性必修第4册 Unit 4 Sharing
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一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题04.选择性必修第4册 Unit 4 Sharing
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．weed n．杂草；野草vt.& vi.除杂草 2．clay n．黏土；陶土 3．bubble vi.起泡；沸腾 4．jaw n．颌；下巴 5．circus n．马戏团 6．hut n．简陋的小房子(或棚、舍) 7．fireplace n．壁炉 8．saucer n．茶碟；杯托 9．kettle n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶 10．pan n．平底锅；烤盘 11．jar n．罐子；坛子 12．grill n．烤架；烤肉餐馆 13．doorway n．门口；出入口；门道 14．leftover adj.吃剩的；残留的n.吃剩的食物；遗留物 15．handshake n．握手 16．chorus n．合唱曲；合唱团vt.合唱；齐声说 17．plug vt.封堵；补足n.堵塞物；插头；插座 18．tablet n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片 19．contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)n.合同；契约 20．grant vt.同意；准许n.拨款 21．jam n．果酱；堵塞 22．tube n．管子；管状物 23．washroom n．洗手间；厕所 24．tune n．曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道 25．relay vt.转发；转播n.接力赛；接班的人 26．cardiac adj.心脏病的；心脏的 27．circuit n．巡回；环形线路 28．hypothetical adj.假设的；假定的 29．Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚(国家名) 30．Ghana 加纳(国家名) 31．Congo 刚果(国家名) 32．Panama 巴拿马(国家名) 重点单词 1．parcel n．包裹vt.裹好；打包 2．mail n．邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给 3．secondary adj.中学的；次要的 4．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权 5．cotton n．棉布；棉花 6．uniform n．校服；制服adj.一致的；统一的 7．lately adv.最近；不久前；近来 8．shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 9．rigid adj.死板的；固执的 10．wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹 11．forehead n．额；前额 12．housing n．住房；住宅 13．platform n．平台；站台；舞台 14．drag vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动 15．resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去 16．input n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入 17．criterion n．(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则 18．pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷
词汇拓展 1．dust n．沙土；灰尘vi.& vt.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 2．rubber n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶→rub vt.& vi.擦；摩擦；揉；搓 3．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的 4．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vt.& vi.(使)成熟 5．disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能 6．deserve vt.值得；应得；应受→deserving adj.值得的；应得的 7．consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult vt.咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问 8．stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的
重点词组 1．a chorus of 齐声；异口同声 2．not to mention 更不用说；且不说 3．take for granted 认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视 4．relay to 转达给……；转发给…… 5．pray that 但愿
重点句型 1．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. 我只要几分钟就走到学校了，路上尘土飞扬，杂草丛生。 2．The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! 不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅的到处都是！ 3．Lately，all of us have seen Chinese people on TV in far-off places in the world，helping other countries to develop. 最近，我们都在电视上看到中国人民在世界上遥远的地方帮助其他国家发展。 4．And we see Chinese miners，oil workers，agricultural experts，mechanics，and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world. 我们看到中国矿工、石油工人、农业专家、机械师和医生几乎在世界的每个角落工作。 5．Now，not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital，but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well. 现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，邻国的人们也得到了帮助。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
Volunteer Life in a Bush School
Jo, a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea, was thrilled to receive a parcel from home , within which there were her favorite sweets and jam, although it took a fortnight for the mail to arrive.
Every day she walks to the secondary school down a dusty path covered in weeds, greeted by a chorus of “Good morning” from the boys without cotton uniforms. There is no electricity or textbooks In the school, not to mention other modern devices. She even has to carry water herself if needed for lack of a washroom. One day, a chemistry class became a circus when the boys, who might never become chemists, saw the bubbles coming out of the tube.
Last weekend, Jo and her friend Jenny went to one of the students , Tombe’s home. Tombe’s father, who has a strong jaw and wrinkled forehead, showed them into a shaded house, with a platform to sleep on--a common housing for men. Several saucers, a kettle, pans and a few jars made up their only possessions. Their dinner included ripe corn cooked on the grill over the fire. Leftover was also dried up on it and then thrown out.
Feeling privileged to be with Tombe’s family, they dragged themselves down the mountain the next morning.
丛林学校的志愿者生活
乔是在巴布新几内亚服务的一名志愿者教师。她收到了家乡寄来的包裹，那里装着她最喜欢的糖果和果酱，虽然邮件两个星期才到，但收到时她依然激动不已。
乔每天都会走过一条杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路到达她任教的中学，一群没穿棉质校服的男孩子齐声向她问候“早安”。学校里没通电，孩子们也没有课本，更不用说其他的现代教学设备了。因为没有卫生间，如果需要用水，她也不得不自己提到学校来。有一天，在化学课上，孩子们----这些孩子有可能永远都不会成为化学家,看到试管里的泡泡冒了出来，吓得乱作一团，化学课顿时变成了马戏团。
上周末，乔和她的朋友珍妮去了其中一个学生,汤贝的家。汤贝的爸爸下巴很结实，额头上布满皱纹。他把她们领进了一个阴凉的房子里，在房子里有一个平台可以睡觉，这种房子很常见，是当地男子住的。他们的家里物品很少，只有几个碟子、一个水壶、几个锅还有几个罐子。晚餐有熟玉米，放在火架上烤着吃。他们把剩饭菜也在火上烤干，然后再扔出去。
次日清晨，二人拖着疲惫的步伐下山。与汤姆一家共度美好时光，她们倍感荣幸。
Passage 2
Chinese Doctor Volunteers Overseas
When I plugged in the plug and turned on the TV, I saw a news reporter covering a story about a Chinese doctor volunteering in Congo.
With his disabled daughter’s input, Dr. Zhan resigned and left for Congo to help build a cardiac hospital. In this country, People contract many dangerous diseases and live a poor life without things we take for granted.
Dr. Zhan also makes a circuit of the villages to help those with disabilities, provide consultation for local doctors, and give patients new capsules invented in China. In the report, Dr. Zhan says that he is fulfilled that he can make a difference to the locals’ life, so by any criteria his work is worth it. Apart from Dr Zhan, his daughter, who is interested in world stability, also relays to the audience that her dad setting an example, she is ready to make contributions to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Everyone deserves a better life, and helping others comes at the top of the list of what makes us Chinese proud of. She prays that more people can make a difference to the world by helping people in other lands.
中国医生在海外做志愿者
当我插上插销，打开电视机时，恰好看见一位新闻记者报道着一位中国医生在刚果做志愿者的故事。
詹医生的女儿是残疾人，他在女儿的建议之下便辞了职，去刚果帮助建立一家心脏病医院。在这个国家，人们会患上许多危险的疾病，且生活困难，很多我们认为理所当然的东西，他们都没有。
詹医生还到农村巡诊，帮助那里的残疾人，给当地的医生提供咨询，并为病人提供中国发明的新型药品（胶囊）。
詹医生在报道中说，能够为当地人的生活带来改变，他感到很满足，所以无论以何种标准衡量，他的工作是值得的。除了詹医生之外，她的女儿对维护世界稳定很感兴趣，她对观众说，因为父亲为她树立了榜样，她也愿为建立人类命运共同体做出贡献。
每个人都值得拥有更加美好的生活，作为中国人，在最能引以为傲的所有事情之中，帮助他人位居榜首。她期盼能有更多的人能够通过帮助其他国家的人，来让这个世界有所改变。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
心理描写之 兴趣和喜欢
第一部分:基础词、句背诵
1. like v.喜欢；想；愿意；渴望； adj.相似的
prep.像；例如； conj.好像；像……一样 n.爱好
变形：dislike v.不喜欢 unlike prep.不像……那样 likely adj.可能的adv.大概
I’ve always been interested in people, but I’ve never liked them.
我一直对人很感兴趣,但是我从没喜欢过他们。
When I was young, Mom liked to make paper animals for me.
我小的时候，妈妈喜欢给我做纸动物。
His second grade teacher wrote, "Teddy is an excellent student,well liked by his classmates.
二年级老师的评语是: “Teddy是个优秀的学生，同学们都很喜欢他。
“I had no idea you disliked him so much.” “我不知道你这么讨厌他。”
At first they disliked each other, but they ended up getting married after going through a lot together.
起初他们不喜欢对方，但在一起经历了很多之后，他们最终结婚了。
It was unlike anything I'd seen before and I had no idea how to fight it.
它不像我以前见过的任何东西，我不知道如何对抗它。
(2020浙江卷)My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved.
知道我们有可能得救，我的心高兴得直跳。
2.enjoy v.欣赏，享受，喜爱
变形：enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 Mr. Smith enjoyed the peaceful life in the country.
史密斯先生喜欢乡下平静的生活。
Everyone enjoyed playing the game except Susan.
除了苏珊，每个人都喜欢玩这个游戏。
I feel there is nothing more enjoyable than being friendly to people.
我觉得没有什么比对人友好更令人愉快的了。
3.prefer v.更喜欢
变形：preferred adj.更合意的，更喜欢的
It remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face.
的确，许多人更喜欢面对面的相处。
She had planned to wait for Marti, but now she preferred to be left alone.
她原计划等玛蒂，但现在她宁愿一个人呆着。
Our preferred park is a 2 km walk from my house and it has a 1 km walking track.
我们首选的公园离我家步行2公里，它有1公里的步道。
4.be fond of 喜欢/be keen on喜爱
Mr. Taylor was fond of hiking. 泰勒先生喜欢徒步旅行。
He was keen on acting and expected my company in the play.
他很喜欢表演，希望我和他一起去演出。
5.be interested in 对……感兴趣
have a strong interest in对……有浓厚的兴趣
Poppy didn't seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk.
波比似乎对她的晚餐、她最喜欢的玩具，甚至对她每天的散步都不感兴趣。
I have a strong interest in visiting historical relics.我对参观历史古迹有浓厚的兴趣。
6.be crazy about 对……着迷
John was crazy about playing basketball.约翰迷上了篮球。
第二部分 语段背诵（野营趣事)
Paragraph 1:The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. We decided to camp along the river. The views there were surprisingly beautiful—the warm sunshine, the fresh air, the clean water. We sat on the grass, enjoying the splendid nature. However, when Dad was about to put up our tent, he was disappointed to find that it had been left in the hotel. “ I must have forgotten to pack it up.” Mom admitted. Well, Dad had to go back to fetch it to continue our camping.
Paragraph 2:We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. Every time we got to a new place, Mom would cheer up like a child. She would get off the car excitedly, laughing and dancing around. Together we enjoyed the modern sights in the big cities, the historical buildings in the small towns and the amazing scenery in nature. When we came back to the hotel after the tiring but excellent visit, Mom would hug us and kiss us on our faces. How sweet she was! Absent-minded and forgetful as she was, she never forgot to express her love to us. （首尾呼应）
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar 短语
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似。
[观察例句]
1．So I've been here in the jungle for about a month now.
2．My secondary school is a bush school.
3．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.
4．I've had to become much more imaginative in my teaching.
5．Right now I'm feeling very excited.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的黑体部分为介词短语。
2．例句2中的黑体部分为名词短语。
3．例句3中的黑体部分为动词短语。
4．例句4中的黑体部分为形容词短语。
5．例句5中的黑体部分为副词短语。
一、名词短语
名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。完整的名词短语由三个部分组成：限定词、修饰词、名词。名词短语可以充当句子中的主语、宾语、表语等成分。
many good students 许多优秀的学生
his beautiful wife 他美丽的妻子
the best answer 最好的答案
those sweet roses 那些甜美的玫瑰
These red roses are for you.(作主语)这些红玫瑰是送给你的。
He brought a new book with him.(作宾语) 他带来了一本新书。
He is my best friend.(作表语)他是我最好的朋友。
名词短语的三个部分并非每一次都要同时出现，在特定场合下，这三个部分都有可能省略。修饰词是名词短语中最不重要的部分，如果不需要描述名词的状态特征则完全可以省略。比如a book同样是正确的名词短语。如果说话人确信听众知道自己在讨论什么东西，则名词也可以省略。比如Of those answers，this one is the best.这里的the best指的就是the best answer。在面对面交流的时候，修饰词和名词有时甚至可以一起省略。假设你在花店，用手指向一捧玫瑰花，对花店老板说“I want those.”的话，花店老板很清楚你想要什么。
[即学即练1]
找出下列句中的名词短语，并指出其作什么成分。
①I have three close friends.
②There are some red roses on that small table.
③The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.
【答案】1.three close friends作宾语2.some red roses作主语；that small table作宾语
3.the cute boy作主语；blue jeans作宾语；my brother作表语
二、形容词短语
形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。
1．两个或多个形容词可以由and，but等对等连词连接，构成形容词短语。
Your room is large and beautiful.(作表语)你的房间大且美丽。
He is young but clever.(作表语)他年轻但聪明。
2．very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
It is very hot today.(作表语)今天很热。
The road is long enough.(作表语)这路够长的。
3．介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
I am sure of success.(作表语)我确信会成功的。
The bottle is full of water.(作表语)瓶子里装满了水。
4．不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
He is sure to come.(作表语)他一定会来的。
[名师点津]
形容词短语在句中还可以作状语和后置定语。
1．形容词短语作状语说明主语的情况，可以表示动作或状态发生的原因、方式、时间等，或对谓语作补充说明。
Afraid of difficulty，he prefers to do the easy maths problem.(作原因状语)
他害怕困难，宁愿做容易的数学题。
The lost boy spent three days in the forest cold and hungry.(作伴随状语)
那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了三天。
Wet or fine，he got up at six and took a walk in the park.(作让步状语)
不管天晴还是下雨他总是六点起床在公园里散散步。
2．形容词短语作后置定语
Factories，big or small，can be seen there.在那里你可以看到大大小小的工厂。
The house worth is 500，000 yuan was sold by his son.那栋价值高达五十万人民币的房子被他儿子卖掉了。
[即学即练2]
找出下列句中的形容词短语，并指出其作什么成分。
①Glad to accept，the girl nodded her agreement.
②The room was awfully dirty.
③He cast it a second time，and drew in an old basket full of sand.
【答案】1.glad to accept作原因状语
2.awfully dirty作表语
3.full of sand作后置定语
三、副词短语
副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。在句中主要作状语。
1．两个或多个副词可以由and，but等对等连词构成副词短语。
I tried again and again.(作状语)我试了一遍又一遍。
2．very，extremely，clearly等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语。
He runs extremely fast.(作状语)他跑得快极了。
The teacher speaks clearly enough.(作状语)老师说得够清楚的。
3．其他类型的副词短语
I was so deeply moved by his deeds that I couldn't fall asleep deep into the night.(作状语)
他的行为深深打动了我，在深夜我无法入睡。
We air the bedrooms every day.(作状语)我们每天给卧室通通风。
[即学即练3] 找出下列句中的副词短语
①He can finish that much quicker.
②She types quickly and correctly.
③That man talked too much.
【答案】1.much quicker
2.quickly and correctly
3.too much
四、动词短语
动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。在实际使用中，通常会把动词短语当成一个整体。动词短语的搭配可分为下列五种基本类型：
1．动词＋介词
go over 复习，listen to 听，think about 考虑，look for 寻找，rely/depend on 依靠，look into 调查，play with 玩，send for 派人去请，consist of 由……构成，arrive at 到达
He wants to check with his secretary before he signs the paper.
在签署该项文件之前，他想跟他的秘书商议一下。
He has been asked to account for his absence.
他已被要求说明缺席的原因。
2．动词＋副词
eat up 吃光，give up 放弃，hold up 举起，put on 穿，上演，turn on 打开，try on 试穿
They were so far away that I couldn't make out their faces clearly.
他们离得那么远，我没法把他们的脸辨认清楚。
Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers only.
火车在这里停车，只让乘客上车。
[名师点津]
“动词＋副词”这类短语动词较容易出错。这类短语动词的宾语若是名词，这个宾语可在短语的中间，亦可在短语的后面。如：Turn the light on.或 Turn on the light.宾语若是代词，这个宾语只能放在短语的中间。如：Turn it on.
3．动词＋副词＋介词
catch up with 赶上，get on with 与……相处，keep up with 跟上，do away with 废除，look down upon 轻视，look forward to 期待，keep away with 脱离，go on with 继续
Have the lawyers checked up on the court proceedings very carefully
律师们是否打算把法庭的记录仔细审查一遍呢？
There are some things that teachers will not put up with.
有些事情教师是不会容忍的。
4．动词＋名词＋介词
catch hold of 抓住，give lessons to 给……上课，make friends with 与……交朋友，take care of 照料
We must keep pace with the new development of modern scientific research.
我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。
People who take part in sports must be in condition.
参加运动的人一定能保持良好的健康状态。
5．动词＋形容词＋介词
be fond of 爱好，be familiar with 熟悉，be suitable for 适合于，be late for 迟到，be good at 擅长于，be afraid of 害怕
Others may be fond of titles and honors，but I am not.人皆好名，我则不然。
You coward! What are you afraid of 你这胆小鬼！你怕什么呢？
[即学即练4] 找出下列句中的动词短语
①I don't get on with the people at work.
②I don't much care for television.
③I'm afraid I'll have to ring off.Someone is calling me.
【答案】1.get on with2.care for3.ring off
五、介词短语
介词短语是介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语等。
1．常见的介词短语
(1)介词＋名词：at the door，into the bag
(2)介词＋代词：for me，of others
(3)介词＋动名词：in doing so，to my saying that
(4)介词＋连接副词/连接代词/what从句：over what he had better do
(5)介词＋连接副词/连接代词＋不定式：on how to do this
(6)介词＋介词短语：from across the street，until after dinner
(7)介词＋副词：from below
(8)介词＋复合结构：with the light on
(9)介词＋不定式(but/except)：...did nothing but sleep
2．介词短语的用法
(1)用作表语
The house is in fairly good condition.这所房子状况尚好。
She looks like her mother.她像她母亲。
(2)用作宾语
Choose a book from among these.从这些书中选一本吧。
The window is never opened except in summer.除夏天外，这扇窗户从未打开。
(3)用作定语
I like the design on his tie.我喜欢他领带上的图案。
I've decided to leave on the afternoon of the 18th.我决定18号下午离开。
(4)用作状语
Mr Smith was injured in the war.史密斯先生在战争期间受过伤。
He walked by me without noticing me.他从我身旁走过而没有注意到我。
(5)用作补语
Kelly is employed as a mechanic.(宾语补足语)凯利受雇当技工。
He is regarded as the best doctor in town.(主语补足语)他被认为是本城最好的医生。
[即学即练5] 找出下列句中的介词短语
①A man stepped out from behind the wall.
②Change the oil in the car every 5，000 miles.
③I saw him walking along the street.
【答案】1.from behind the wall
2.in the car
3.along the street
Ⅰ.指出下列句中的黑体部分属于哪种类型的短语
1．The kids are playing on the grass rather happily.
2．They picnicked in the woods.
3．I won't go home until after the exam.
4．It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away.
5．Do you know the reason why the automobile breaks down？
6．At last，the police found out the car full of drugs.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I can to catch you at least.我跑得足够快，至少能抓到你。
2．I know he is slow at understanding，but you have to ．
我知道他理解力差，但你得对他耐心些。
3．Did you do this 你这样做是有意的还是无意的？
4．This is an article ．这是一篇很值得研究的文章。
5．They need more materials relevant to ．他们需要更多的和目前问题有关的资料。
【答案】1. run fast enough2.be patient with him3.by design or by accident4.worthy of careful study5.the present question
专题04.选择性必修第4册 Unit 4 Sharing
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．weed n．杂草；野草vt.& vi.除杂草 2．clay n．黏土；陶土 3．bubble vi.起泡；沸腾 4．jaw n．颌；下巴 5．circus n．马戏团 6．hut n．简陋的小房子(或棚、舍) 7．fireplace n．壁炉 8．saucer n．茶碟；杯托 9．kettle n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶 10．pan n．平底锅；烤盘 11．jar n．罐子；坛子 12．grill n．烤架；烤肉餐馆 13．doorway n．门口；出入口；门道 14．leftover adj.吃剩的；残留的n.吃剩的食物；遗留物 15．handshake n．握手 16．chorus n．合唱曲；合唱团vt.合唱；齐声说 17．plug vt.封堵；补足n.堵塞物；插头；插座 18．tablet n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片 19．contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)n.合同；契约 20．grant vt.同意；准许n.拨款 21．jam n．果酱；堵塞 22．tube n．管子；管状物 23．washroom n．洗手间；厕所 24．tune n．曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道 25．relay vt.转发；转播n.接力赛；接班的人 26．cardiac adj.心脏病的；心脏的 27．circuit n．巡回；环形线路 28．hypothetical adj.假设的；假定的 29．Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚(国家名) 30．Ghana 加纳(国家名) 31．Congo 刚果(国家名) 32．Panama 巴拿马(国家名) 重点单词 1．parcel n．包裹vt.裹好；打包 2．mail n．邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给 3．secondary adj.中学的；次要的 4．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权 5．cotton n．棉布；棉花 6．uniform n．校服；制服adj.一致的；统一的 7．lately adv.最近；不久前；近来 8．shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 9．rigid adj.死板的；固执的 10．wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹 11．forehead n．额；前额 12．housing n．住房；住宅 13．platform n．平台；站台；舞台 14．drag vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动 15．resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去 16．input n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入 17．criterion n．(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则 18．pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷
词汇拓展 1．dust n．沙土；灰尘vi.& vt.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 2．rubber n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶→rub vt.& vi.擦；摩擦；揉；搓 3．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的 4．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vt.& vi.(使)成熟 5．disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能 6．deserve vt.值得；应得；应受→deserving adj.值得的；应得的 7．consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult vt.咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问 8．stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的
重点词组 1．a chorus of 齐声；异口同声 2．not to mention 更不用说；且不说 3．take for granted 认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视 4．relay to 转达给……；转发给…… 5．pray that 但愿
重点句型 1．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. 我只要几分钟就走到学校了，路上尘土飞扬，杂草丛生。 2．The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! 不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅的到处都是！ 3．Lately，all of us have seen Chinese people on TV in far-off places in the world，helping other countries to develop. 最近，我们都在电视上看到中国人民在世界上遥远的地方帮助其他国家发展。 4．And we see Chinese miners，oil workers，agricultural experts，mechanics，and doctors working in nearly every corner of the world. 我们看到中国矿工、石油工人、农业专家、机械师和医生几乎在世界的每个角落工作。 5．Now，not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital，but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well. 现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，邻国的人们也得到了帮助。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
Volunteer Life in a Bush School
Jo, a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea, was thrilled to receive a parcel from home , within which there were her favorite sweets and jam, although it took a fortnight for the mail to arrive.
Every day she walks to the secondary school down a dusty path covered in weeds, greeted by a chorus of “Good morning” from the boys without cotton uniforms. There is no electricity or textbooks In the school, not to mention other modern devices. She even has to carry water herself if needed for lack of a washroom. One day, a chemistry class became a circus when the boys, who might never become chemists, saw the bubbles coming out of the tube.
Last weekend, Jo and her friend Jenny went to one of the students , Tombe’s home. Tombe’s father, who has a strong jaw and wrinkled forehead, showed them into a shaded house, with a platform to sleep on--a common housing for men. Several saucers, a kettle, pans and a few jars made up their only possessions. Their dinner included ripe corn cooked on the grill over the fire. Leftover was also dried up on it and then thrown out.
Feeling privileged to be with Tombe’s family, they dragged themselves down the mountain the next morning.
丛林学校的志愿者生活
乔是在巴布新几内亚服务的一名志愿者教师。她收到了家乡寄来的包裹，那里装着她最喜欢的糖果和果酱，虽然邮件两个星期才到，但收到时她依然激动不已。
乔每天都会走过一条杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路到达她任教的中学，一群没穿棉质校服的男孩子齐声向她问候“早安”。学校里没通电，孩子们也没有课本，更不用说其他的现代教学设备了。因为没有卫生间，如果需要用水，她也不得不自己提到学校来。有一天，在化学课上，孩子们----这些孩子有可能永远都不会成为化学家,看到试管里的泡泡冒了出来，吓得乱作一团，化学课顿时变成了马戏团。
上周末，乔和她的朋友珍妮去了其中一个学生,汤贝的家。汤贝的爸爸下巴很结实，额头上布满皱纹。他把她们领进了一个阴凉的房子里，在房子里有一个平台可以睡觉，这种房子很常见，是当地男子住的。他们的家里物品很少，只有几个碟子、一个水壶、几个锅还有几个罐子。晚餐有熟玉米，放在火架上烤着吃。他们把剩饭菜也在火上烤干，然后再扔出去。
次日清晨，二人拖着疲惫的步伐下山。与汤姆一家共度美好时光，她们倍感荣幸。
Passage 2
Chinese Doctor Volunteers Overseas
When I plugged in the plug and turned on the TV, I saw a news reporter covering a story about a Chinese doctor volunteering in Congo.
With his disabled daughter’s input, Dr. Zhan resigned and left for Congo to help build a cardiac hospital. In this country, People contract many dangerous diseases and live a poor life without things we take for granted.
Dr. Zhan also makes a circuit of the villages to help those with disabilities, provide consultation for local doctors, and give patients new capsules invented in China. In the report, Dr. Zhan says that he is fulfilled that he can make a difference to the locals’ life, so by any criteria his work is worth it. Apart from Dr Zhan, his daughter, who is interested in world stability, also relays to the audience that her dad setting an example, she is ready to make contributions to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Everyone deserves a better life, and helping others comes at the top of the list of what makes us Chinese proud of. She prays that more people can make a difference to the world by helping people in other lands.
中国医生在海外做志愿者
当我插上插销，打开电视机时，恰好看见一位新闻记者报道着一位中国医生在刚果做志愿者的故事。
詹医生的女儿是残疾人，他在女儿的建议之下便辞了职，去刚果帮助建立一家心脏病医院。在这个国家，人们会患上许多危险的疾病，且生活困难，很多我们认为理所当然的东西，他们都没有。
詹医生还到农村巡诊，帮助那里的残疾人，给当地的医生提供咨询，并为病人提供中国发明的新型药品（胶囊）。
詹医生在报道中说，能够为当地人的生活带来改变，他感到很满足，所以无论以何种标准衡量，他的工作是值得的。除了詹医生之外，她的女儿对维护世界稳定很感兴趣，她对观众说，因为父亲为她树立了榜样，她也愿为建立人类命运共同体做出贡献。
每个人都值得拥有更加美好的生活，作为中国人，在最能引以为傲的所有事情之中，帮助他人位居榜首。她期盼能有更多的人能够通过帮助其他国家的人，来让这个世界有所改变。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
心理描写之 兴趣和喜欢
第一部分:基础词、句背诵
1. like v.喜欢；想；愿意；渴望； adj.相似的
prep.像；例如； conj.好像；像……一样 n.爱好
变形：dislike v.不喜欢 unlike prep.不像……那样 likely adj.可能的adv.大概
I’ve always been interested in people, but I’ve never liked them.
我一直对人很感兴趣,但是我从没喜欢过他们。
When I was young, Mom liked to make paper animals for me.
我小的时候，妈妈喜欢给我做纸动物。
His second grade teacher wrote, "Teddy is an excellent student,well liked by his classmates.
二年级老师的评语是: “Teddy是个优秀的学生，同学们都很喜欢他。
“I had no idea you disliked him so much.” “我不知道你这么讨厌他。”
At first they disliked each other, but they ended up getting married after going through a lot together.
起初他们不喜欢对方，但在一起经历了很多之后，他们最终结婚了。
It was unlike anything I'd seen before and I had no idea how to fight it.
它不像我以前见过的任何东西，我不知道如何对抗它。
(2020浙江卷)My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved.
知道我们有可能得救，我的心高兴得直跳。
2.enjoy v.欣赏，享受，喜爱
变形：enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 Mr. Smith enjoyed the peaceful life in the country.
史密斯先生喜欢乡下平静的生活。
Everyone enjoyed playing the game except Susan.
除了苏珊，每个人都喜欢玩这个游戏。
I feel there is nothing more enjoyable than being friendly to people.
我觉得没有什么比对人友好更令人愉快的了。
3.prefer v.更喜欢
变形：preferred adj.更合意的，更喜欢的
It remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face.
的确，许多人更喜欢面对面的相处。
She had planned to wait for Marti, but now she preferred to be left alone.
她原计划等玛蒂，但现在她宁愿一个人呆着。
Our preferred park is a 2 km walk from my house and it has a 1 km walking track.
我们首选的公园离我家步行2公里，它有1公里的步道。
4.be fond of 喜欢/be keen on喜爱
Mr. Taylor was fond of hiking. 泰勒先生喜欢徒步旅行。
He was keen on acting and expected my company in the play.
他很喜欢表演，希望我和他一起去演出。
5.be interested in 对……感兴趣
have a strong interest in对……有浓厚的兴趣
Poppy didn't seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk.
波比似乎对她的晚餐、她最喜欢的玩具，甚至对她每天的散步都不感兴趣。
I have a strong interest in visiting historical relics.我对参观历史古迹有浓厚的兴趣。
6.be crazy about 对……着迷
John was crazy about playing basketball.约翰迷上了篮球。
第二部分 语段背诵（野营趣事)
Paragraph 1:The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. We decided to camp along the river. The views there were surprisingly beautiful—the warm sunshine, the fresh air, the clean water. We sat on the grass, enjoying the splendid nature. However, when Dad was about to put up our tent, he was disappointed to find that it had been left in the hotel. “ I must have forgotten to pack it up.” Mom admitted. Well, Dad had to go back to fetch it to continue our camping.
Paragraph 2:We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. Every time we got to a new place, Mom would cheer up like a child. She would get off the car excitedly, laughing and dancing around. Together we enjoyed the modern sights in the big cities, the historical buildings in the small towns and the amazing scenery in nature. When we came back to the hotel after the tiring but excellent visit, Mom would hug us and kiss us on our faces. How sweet she was! Absent-minded and forgetful as she was, she never forgot to express her love to us. （首尾呼应）
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar 短语
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似。
[观察例句]
1．So I've been here in the jungle for about a month now.
2．My secondary school is a bush school.
3．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.
4．I've had to become much more imaginative in my teaching.
5．Right now I'm feeling very excited.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的黑体部分为介词短语。
2．例句2中的黑体部分为名词短语。
3．例句3中的黑体部分为动词短语。
4．例句4中的黑体部分为形容词短语。
5．例句5中的黑体部分为副词短语。
一、名词短语
名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。完整的名词短语由三个部分组成：限定词、修饰词、名词。名词短语可以充当句子中的主语、宾语、表语等成分。
many good students 许多优秀的学生
his beautiful wife 他美丽的妻子
the best answer 最好的答案
those sweet roses 那些甜美的玫瑰
These red roses are for you.(作主语)这些红玫瑰是送给你的。
He brought a new book with him.(作宾语) 他带来了一本新书。
He is my best friend.(作表语)他是我最好的朋友。
名词短语的三个部分并非每一次都要同时出现，在特定场合下，这三个部分都有可能省略。修饰词是名词短语中最不重要的部分，如果不需要描述名词的状态特征则完全可以省略。比如a book同样是正确的名词短语。如果说话人确信听众知道自己在讨论什么东西，则名词也可以省略。比如Of those answers，this one is the best.这里的the best指的就是the best answer。在面对面交流的时候，修饰词和名词有时甚至可以一起省略。假设你在花店，用手指向一捧玫瑰花，对花店老板说“I want those.”的话，花店老板很清楚你想要什么。
[即学即练1]
找出下列句中的名词短语，并指出其作什么成分。
①I have three close friends.
②There are some red roses on that small table.
③The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.
【答案】1.three close friends作宾语2.some red roses作主语；that small table作宾语
3.the cute boy作主语；blue jeans作宾语；my brother作表语
二、形容词短语
形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。
1．两个或多个形容词可以由and，but等对等连词连接，构成形容词短语。
Your room is large and beautiful.(作表语)你的房间大且美丽。
He is young but clever.(作表语)他年轻但聪明。
2．very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
It is very hot today.(作表语)今天很热。
The road is long enough.(作表语)这路够长的。
3．介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
I am sure of success.(作表语)我确信会成功的。
The bottle is full of water.(作表语)瓶子里装满了水。
4．不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
He is sure to come.(作表语)他一定会来的。
[名师点津]
形容词短语在句中还可以作状语和后置定语。
1．形容词短语作状语说明主语的情况，可以表示动作或状态发生的原因、方式、时间等，或对谓语作补充说明。
Afraid of difficulty，he prefers to do the easy maths problem.(作原因状语)
他害怕困难，宁愿做容易的数学题。
The lost boy spent three days in the forest cold and hungry.(作伴随状语)
那个迷路的男孩又冷又饿地在森林中过了三天。
Wet or fine，he got up at six and took a walk in the park.(作让步状语)
不管天晴还是下雨他总是六点起床在公园里散散步。
2．形容词短语作后置定语
Factories，big or small，can be seen there.在那里你可以看到大大小小的工厂。
The house worth is 500，000 yuan was sold by his son.那栋价值高达五十万人民币的房子被他儿子卖掉了。
[即学即练2]
找出下列句中的形容词短语，并指出其作什么成分。
①Glad to accept，the girl nodded her agreement.
②The room was awfully dirty.
③He cast it a second time，and drew in an old basket full of sand.
【答案】1.glad to accept作原因状语
2.awfully dirty作表语
3.full of sand作后置定语
三、副词短语
副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。在句中主要作状语。
1．两个或多个副词可以由and，but等对等连词构成副词短语。
I tried again and again.(作状语)我试了一遍又一遍。
2．very，extremely，clearly等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语。
He runs extremely fast.(作状语)他跑得快极了。
The teacher speaks clearly enough.(作状语)老师说得够清楚的。
3．其他类型的副词短语
I was so deeply moved by his deeds that I couldn't fall asleep deep into the night.(作状语)
他的行为深深打动了我，在深夜我无法入睡。
We air the bedrooms every day.(作状语)我们每天给卧室通通风。
[即学即练3] 找出下列句中的副词短语
①He can finish that much quicker.
②She types quickly and correctly.
③That man talked too much.
【答案】1.much quicker
2.quickly and correctly
3.too much
四、动词短语
动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。在实际使用中，通常会把动词短语当成一个整体。动词短语的搭配可分为下列五种基本类型：
1．动词＋介词
go over 复习，listen to 听，think about 考虑，look for 寻找，rely/depend on 依靠，look into 调查，play with 玩，send for 派人去请，consist of 由……构成，arrive at 到达
He wants to check with his secretary before he signs the paper.
在签署该项文件之前，他想跟他的秘书商议一下。
He has been asked to account for his absence.
他已被要求说明缺席的原因。
2．动词＋副词
eat up 吃光，give up 放弃，hold up 举起，put on 穿，上演，turn on 打开，try on 试穿
They were so far away that I couldn't make out their faces clearly.
他们离得那么远，我没法把他们的脸辨认清楚。
Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers only.
火车在这里停车，只让乘客上车。
[名师点津]
“动词＋副词”这类短语动词较容易出错。这类短语动词的宾语若是名词，这个宾语可在短语的中间，亦可在短语的后面。如：Turn the light on.或 Turn on the light.宾语若是代词，这个宾语只能放在短语的中间。如：Turn it on.
3．动词＋副词＋介词
catch up with 赶上，get on with 与……相处，keep up with 跟上，do away with 废除，look down upon 轻视，look forward to 期待，keep away with 脱离，go on with 继续
Have the lawyers checked up on the court proceedings very carefully
律师们是否打算把法庭的记录仔细审查一遍呢？
There are some things that teachers will not put up with.
有些事情教师是不会容忍的。
4．动词＋名词＋介词
catch hold of 抓住，give lessons to 给……上课，make friends with 与……交朋友，take care of 照料
We must keep pace with the new development of modern scientific research.
我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。
People who take part in sports must be in condition.
参加运动的人一定能保持良好的健康状态。
5．动词＋形容词＋介词
be fond of 爱好，be familiar with 熟悉，be suitable for 适合于，be late for 迟到，be good at 擅长于，be afraid of 害怕
Others may be fond of titles and honors，but I am not.人皆好名，我则不然。
You coward! What are you afraid of 你这胆小鬼！你怕什么呢？
[即学即练4] 找出下列句中的动词短语
①I don't get on with the people at work.
②I don't much care for television.
③I'm afraid I'll have to ring off.Someone is calling me.
【答案】1.get on with2.care for3.ring off
五、介词短语
介词短语是介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语等。
1．常见的介词短语
(1)介词＋名词：at the door，into the bag
(2)介词＋代词：for me，of others
(3)介词＋动名词：in doing so，to my saying that
(4)介词＋连接副词/连接代词/what从句：over what he had better do
(5)介词＋连接副词/连接代词＋不定式：on how to do this
(6)介词＋介词短语：from across the street，until after dinner
(7)介词＋副词：from below
(8)介词＋复合结构：with the light on
(9)介词＋不定式(but/except)：...did nothing but sleep
2．介词短语的用法
(1)用作表语
The house is in fairly good condition.这所房子状况尚好。
She looks like her mother.她像她母亲。
(2)用作宾语
Choose a book from among these.从这些书中选一本吧。
The window is never opened except in summer.除夏天外，这扇窗户从未打开。
(3)用作定语
I like the design on his tie.我喜欢他领带上的图案。
I've decided to leave on the afternoon of the 18th.我决定18号下午离开。
(4)用作状语
Mr Smith was injured in the war.史密斯先生在战争期间受过伤。
He walked by me without noticing me.他从我身旁走过而没有注意到我。
(5)用作补语
Kelly is employed as a mechanic.(宾语补足语)凯利受雇当技工。
He is regarded as the best doctor in town.(主语补足语)他被认为是本城最好的医生。
[即学即练5] 找出下列句中的介词短语
①A man stepped out from behind the wall.
②Change the oil in the car every 5，000 miles.
③I saw him walking along the street.
【答案】1.from behind the wall
2.in the car
3.along the street
Ⅰ.指出下列句中的黑体部分属于哪种类型的短语
1．The kids are playing on the grass rather happily.
2．They picnicked in the woods.
3．I won't go home until after the exam.
4．It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away.
5．Do you know the reason why the automobile breaks down？
6．At last，the police found out the car full of drugs.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I can to catch you at least.我跑得足够快，至少能抓到你。
2．I know he is slow at understanding，but you have to ．
我知道他理解力差，但你得对他耐心些。
3．Did you do this 你这样做是有意的还是无意的？
4．This is an article ．这是一篇很值得研究的文章。
5．They need more materials relevant to ．他们需要更多的和目前问题有关的资料。
【答案】1. run fast enough2.be patient with him3.by design or by accident4.worthy of careful study5.the present question