（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题05. 选择性必修第4册 Unit 5 Launching Your Career

一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题05.选择性必修第4册　Unit 5　Launching Your Career
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起；上下晃动n.弹性；弹跳；活力 2．aptitude n．天资；天赋 3．scenario n．设想；方案；预测 4．assemble vt.组装；装配vi.& vt.收集；聚集；集合 5．hydrogen n．氢；氢气 6．radium n．镭 7．wrist n．手腕；腕关节 8．bridegroom n．新郎 9．geometry n．几何学；几何图形 10．categorise vt.把……分类(加以归类) 11．code n．代码；密码 vt.编码；把……译成密码 12．orient vt.使适应；使面对；确定方向 13．estate n．庄园；住宅区；工业区 14．(real) estate agent 房地产经纪人 15．graphic n．图表；图形；图画 adj.绘画的；图案的 16．accountant n．会计；会计师 17．fox n．狐狸；狡猾的人 18．council n．委员会；市政服务机构 19．canal n．运河；灌溉渠 20．disk n．磁盘；盘 21．entrepreneur n．创业者；企业家 22．communist adj.共产主义的 n．共产主义者 23．dedicate vt.把……奉献给 24．supervise vt.& vi.主管；指导；监督 25．knit vt.& vi.编织；针织；(使)紧密结合 n．编织的衣服；针织衫 26．intermediate adj.中级的；中等的；中间的 27．proficiency n．熟练；娴熟；精通 28．Marie Curie 玛丽·居里(居里夫人) 29．PETS(Public English Test System)全国英语等级考试 30．CV (NAmE résumé) n．简历；履历 重点单词 1．drawer n．抽屉 2．breast n．乳房；胸部 3．debt n．债务；欠款 4．profile n．简介；概述；侧面轮廓 vt.扼要介绍；概述；写简介 5．spy n．密探；间谍 vi.从事间谍活动 vt.突然看见；发现 6．justice n．公平；公正；合理 7．accuse vt.控告；控诉；谴责 8．greedy adj.贪婪的；贪心的 9．handwriting n．书法；书写；笔迹 10．parking n．停车位；停车 11．camel n．骆驼 12．fry n．油煎的食物 vt.& vi.油炸；油炒；油煎 13．purse n．钱包；皮夹子(尤指女用) 14．sew vi.& vt.(sewed，sewn/sewed)缝制；缝；做针线活 15．cage n．笼子 vt.关在笼子里 16．collar n．(动物)颈圈；衣领 17．certificate n．合格证书；证明 18．desert n．沙漠；荒漠 19．acquire vt.获得；购得 20．receipt n．收据；接收
词汇拓展 1．lawyer n．律师→law n．法律 2．detective n．侦探；警探→detect vt.侦察出；发现 3．participant n．参与者；参加者→participate vi.参加；参与→participation n．参加；参与 4．receptionist n．接待员→reception n．接待；欢迎；招待会→receive vt.收到；接纳 5．socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会；协会 6．wool n．毛；毛线；毛料→woolen(＝woollen) adj.羊毛制的；毛线的 7．priority n．优先事项；首要的事；优先→prior adj.先前的；优先的 8．finance n．资金；财政；金融 vt.提供资金→financial adj.财政的；金融的→financially adv.财政上；金融上 9．employer n．雇主；老板→employ vt.雇用；利用→employee n．受雇者；雇员→employment n．雇用；聘用
重点词组 1．bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去 2．head start 起步前的优势 3．a chest of drawers 抽屉柜 4．come to a conclusion 得出结论 5．attend to 关怀；照料；处理
重点句型 1．This is because your career is a very important part of who you are. 这是因为你的职业是你的身份的一个非常重要的部分。 2．Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads. 有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。 3．Having this information will provide you with a better chance of finding a job you like. 有这方面的信息，你就有更好的机会找到你喜欢的工作。 4．You don’t want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.” 你也不希望多年之后回顾过去时才说：“我真希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。” 5．I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years，so I know how to lead and decide on priorities. 我已经当了两年的校乒乓球队队长，因此我知道如何领导和决定优先做的事情。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
Working out what you want to do
How to work out what you want to do from young age, instead of having a few ideas bouncing around in your heads Perhaps, a "career aptitude test" can help you, so give free tests online a try. In this way, you possibly can benefit from getting a head start in considering your career. Here is a test example:
How do you feel about the work tasks below
1.Assemble a chest of drawers 2.Drive an ambulance
3.Help develop a cure for breast cancer 4Analyse the elements hydrogen and radium
5.Design a new range of wrist accessories 6.Design clothes for brides and bridegrooms
7.Teach children geometry 8.Help and advise people in serious debt
There are also some tests that focus on asking you to rate different kinds of work scenarios, like working as a lawyer, a detective, a spy, an accountant or an estate agent. In conclusion, try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now.
弄
弄清楚你想做什么
如何弄清楚自己年轻时想做什么,而不是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。或许职业能力倾向测验”能帮助你。,所以尝试一下网上的免费测验吧。这样，你很可能受益于在考虑你的未来职业方面早作打算。下面是一份测验的样本：
安装多抽屉橱柜；开急救车；帮助研发治愈乳房癌症的方法；分析氢气和镭的成分；设计一系类的手腕饰品；设计新娘和新郎的衣服；教孩子们几何学；帮助和提供建议给欠债的人。
也有一些测验侧重于让你给不同类型的工作场景打分,比如说当律师、侦探、间谍、或房地产经纪人。总之，尝试一些这样的网络测验,然后马上开始思考你未来的职业吧!
Passage 2
Summer camp helpers wanted
The Frog Fox Summer Camp Council is looking for enthusiastic high school students. We are building a team of keen young people to help us attend to hundreds of students from all over the world. Our camp is located in a beautiful area near a quiet canal. Successful applicants will ideally meet the following requirements:
※Keep the parking area clean
※ Be interested in Camel rides, barbecues &Fish frying, purse sewing, knitting with wool, etc.
If you want to join us, please send your CV to: receptionist@FAFSC.com. Applications can also be made on disk.
Dear Sir/Madam,
I would like to apply for the position of camp helper. Please find my CV attached. As you can see, I changed flea collar in a pet shop. I assisted in the management of the tour finance and receipts. I have acquired many certificates. I believe I would be a valuable addition to your team.
夏令营助理招募!
青蛙与与狐狸”夏令营理事会正在招募热情的高中生。我们正在组建一支热心的年轻人团队,帮助我们照顾来自世界各地的数百名学生。我们的营地所在地风景优美,在一条安静的运河附近。成功的申请人最好满足以下要求具备以下条件: 保持停车场整洁；对骑骆驼、烧烤和煎炸、缝制钱包、羊毛编织等等。如果你想加入我们，请把你的简历发送到receptionist（接待员）@FAFSC.com. 光盘提交申请亦可。
尊敬的先生女士
我想申请营地助理一职。我的简历请见附件。正如你所见，我曾在宠物店帮忙更换灭蚤颈圈。我协助管理旅游财务和收据。我获得很多证书。我自信能为您的团队增添价值。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
心理描写之 不满和生气
第一部分:基础词、句背诵
1. angry adj.生气的，愤怒的
变形：anger n.怒，生气 angrily adv.生气地，愤怒地
He stood there with crossed arms, looking angry.
他站在那里,双臂交叉,看上去很生气。
Soapy threw the umbrella angrily. He was angry with the man.
索比生气地把伞扔了出去。 他对那个人很生气。
When he heard this, he was turning with anger. 当他听到这些话时,他气得转过脸来。
2.annoyed adj.恼怒的 变形：annoy v.使恼怒 annoyance n.恼怒
“I am not a coward.” Thought Tom, annoyed, giving him an angry stare.
"我不是懦夫。" 想到这里,汤姆恼羞成怒的瞪了他一眼。
She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice.
她从心底反对这个恼人的计划，但她别无选择。
My heart beat wildly. I forgot my annoyance at Henry for a while.
我的心狂跳。我暂时忘记了对亨利的烦恼。
3.complain v.抱怨 变形: complaint n.抱怨
“I wish he would treat me well,”he complained.“我希望他能对我好点,”他抱怨道。
Once a friend of mine complained to me that she was feeling a bit unwell because she had some cold water. 有一次，我的一个朋友向我抱怨，她觉得有点不舒服，因为她喝了一些冷水。
But she is always there,waiting for us and ready to give what she owns without complaint.
但她总是在那里，等待我们，并准备给予她所拥有的毫无怨言。
4. cross adj.十分生气的 v.穿过, 掠过
No cross, no crown.不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。
Just at that moment, a ripple of excitement began to cross my face.
就在那一刻，兴奋的涟漪开始掠过我的脸。
5. dissatisfied adj.不满的
Once upon a time there lived a stone cutter who was dissatisfied with his life.
从前有一个石匠，他对自己的生活很不满意。
第二部分 语段背诵
Paragraph 1:(丢失的钱包)
A seat beside her was empty, and Dannis occupied it. He felt a wave of anger swept over him. “Where is my wallet ” he yelled. The black-haired girl glanced up from her reading, with a confused look on her face. Dannis stood up, glared at her and shouted, “You stole my wallet!”The crowds began to gossip. The girl turned deadly pale, looking so restless that words failed her. A strange silence hung in the air. Abruptly, she leaped from the seat.
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　长句
无论是多么复杂的长句，它都是由一些基本的成分组成。所以首先要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系。
一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面： (1)修饰语多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法：
(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3)分析从句和短语的功能。例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等；若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等。
(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。
(5)注意插入语等其他成分。
(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析：
[例1]　Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
分析：(1)该句的主语为behaviorists，谓语为suggest，宾语为一个从句，因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that clause结构。
(2)该句共有五个谓语结构，它们的谓语动词分别为suggest，is raised，are，develop，experience。这五个谓语结构之间的关系为：Behaviorist suggest that clause结构为主句；who is raised in an environment为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为child；where there are many stimuli为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为environment；which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为stimuli；在suggest的宾语从句中，主语为child，谓语为experience，宾语为greater intellectual development。在作了如上的分析之后，我们就会对该句有了一个较为透彻的理解。
[例2]　For a family of four，for example，it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home，with almost unlimited entertainment available，than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣更便宜更方便。
分析：(1)该句的主干结构为it is more... to do sth.than to do sth.else.是一个比较结构，而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。
(2)该句中共有三个谓语结构，它们之间的关系为：it is more convenient as well as cheaper to...为主体结构，但it是形式主语，真正的主语为第二个谓语结构to sit comfortably at home，并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。
(3)句首的for a family of four作状语，表示条件。另外，还有两个介词短语作插入语：for example，with almost unlimited entertainment available，其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语，修饰to sit comfortably at home。
分析下列长句，并试着翻译
1．People feared that weakening a 21 year old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.
【分析】　that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21 year old ban on the sale of ivory。
【句意】　二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。
2．Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health，a 15 year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid 1990s.
【分析】　句子主干为Economists analysed findings，from the University of Sussex作economists的定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health作findings的定语；a 15 year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语；charting...作project 的定语；who引导定语从句，先行词为teenagers。
【句意】　来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名20世纪90年代中期在美国上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。
3．Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on yourself growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.
【分析】　此句为复合句，句中whether引导主语从句，as引导原因状语从句，how well引导从句作介词of的宾语。
【句意】　你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展起着重要的作用，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。
4．Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products，to some degree，their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.
【分析】　本句是一个“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型。“make＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾补”，即“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开而已。
【句意】　一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。
5．The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.
【分析】　本句的主干为The fact does not mean that...，其中that they do not experience emotions从句作mean的宾语。that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another为fact的同位语，其中as do members of another是状语从句，助动词do位于主语members of another 前形成倒装。
【句意】　一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。