（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题01. 选择性必修第4册 Unit 1 Science Fiction
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一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题01.选择性必修第4册 Unit 1 Science Fiction
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 2．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 3．ladder n．梯子；阶梯 4．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管 5．rumour n．谣言；传闻 6．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设 7．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价 8．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的 9．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的 10．inaction n．无行动；不采取措施 11．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利 12．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定 13．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 14．gramme n．克(重量单位) 15．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等) 16．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 17．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米) 18．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾 19．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆 20．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧 21．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 22．puff n．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息 23．jolt n．震动；摇晃；颠簸vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃 24．flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛 25．stun vt.使震惊，使昏迷 26．overstatement n．夸大；夸张 27．Isaac Asimov 艾萨克·阿西莫夫 28．Braille (also braille)布拉耶盲文(凸点符号) 29．The Three-Body Problem《三体》 30．Hugo Award 雨果奖 重点单词 1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事 2．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好 3．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严 4．salary n．薪水；薪金 5．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员 6．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 7．weekly adj.每周的n.周刊 8．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长 9．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉 10．salesman n．售货员；推销员 11．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 12．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作 13．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套 14．backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回 15．niece n．侄女；外甥女 16．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来 17．lamp n．灯；台灯 18．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏 19．random adj.随机的；不可思议的 20．maximum adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度
词汇拓展 1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定 2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚 3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明 4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算 5．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享 6．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的 7．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增 8．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
重点词组 1．test out检验；测试 2．more like更像是；更接近 3．on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准) 4．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对 5．superior to比……更好；更胜一筹 6．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7．conflict with与……冲突或抵触 8．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 9．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失 10．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事
重点句型 1．As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern. 她一转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。 2．She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。 3．It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career. 今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。 4．Looking around，I saw my laboratory exactly as before. 环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和从前一模一样。 5．It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road. 这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
Satisfaction Guaranteed
Tony, a household robot, was tested out as a bonus by Claire when her husband, working in a company that made robots but with an average salary, was absent for 3 weeks.
Claire felt alarmed at the human-like robot and later she even felt ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. However, she began to admire his wisdom and integrity and he treated her with dignity. She told him that she was unhappy because she wasn’t wealthy like Gladys and her home wasn’t elegant. Tony promised to help her. After an appointment to paint her nails, Claire went to an expensive shop where she was rudely treated by the saleswoman whose attitude immediately changed after being spoken to by Tony. She felt guilty for being thought to be in relationship with Tony, but she still accepted Tony’s suggestion that she should invite Gladys and her friends to the house. When helping to work on a suspended light, she fell off the ladder and Tony managed to catch her. She could felt the warmth of his body. That night of the party, before the guests arrived, Claire dismissed Tony. Just then he took her in his arms, with his face close to hers, and declared that he didn’t want to leave her .
The company was supposed to be quite satisfied with the robot Tony, who protected a human being harmed.
保证满意
家用机器人Tony来到女主人Claire家试用，算得上是意外收获。她的丈夫在一家生产机器人的公司上班，工资不怎么高，这次要出差三个星期。
乍一看到这长得真人样的机器人，Claire感到惊慌。后来，她甚至感到有些荒唐，因为一个机器人竟然对她表示同情。但是，她开始赞赏这家伙的智慧和坦率，他对她彬彬有礼。她告诉他，自己过得不开心，因为她不像Gladys那样富有，房子不够雅致。Tony答应帮助她。有一次按预约做完指甲之后，Claire去到了一家高档时装店，女销售员态度粗鲁。但是在Tony和她说了几句之后，其态度立刻转变了。被误以为与Tony有私情，Claire感到内疚，但她仍然接受了Tony的建议: 邀请Gladys和她的朋友来家里做客。有一次在帮助安装吊灯的时候，Claire从梯子上摔下来了。Tony及时接住了她, 她甚至能感受到他的体温。晚会即将开始，在客人们到来之前，Claire想打发走Tony。就在那一刻，Tony将她揽入怀中，贴近她的脸庞，并向她宣告他不想离开她。
那家公司应该对机器人Tony很满意吧，因为他能保护人类使之免受伤害。
Passage 2
The Time Machine (adapted)
Sitting in the leather seat before the main panel, I first pushed the lever an inch forwards and then backwards, which made me travel 17 hours. It took my niece a minute to fetch her handkerchief in the hazy laboratory but to me she moved like a rocket. Like being driven at a high pace on a winding road and with the walls of the laboratory falling away, I could only feel the division between the day and night by the transformation of the sun and the moon. Although knowing that the maximum speed would keep me safe, the strong urge to look at the random things drove me to pull the lever backwards, ignoring the fact that it would explode. The time machine was flipped on its hard side and I was thrown through the air, stunned for a moment, then found myself sitting in the rain in some mud next to the machine.
时间机器 (改编)
坐在主板面前的皮革座位上，我先把启动杆向前推了一英寸，随即向后拉，这一下我度过了17个小时。我侄女来到模糊的实验室来取手帕，花了一分钟。在我看来，她的速度如火箭。我像是坐在车里，飞驰在蜿蜒的道路上，实验室墙壁坍塌, 我只能通过太阳和月亮的交替区分白天与黑夜。虽然知道以最大的速度前进，我是安全的，但是那种强烈的欲望驱使我停下来，去看看眼前随机闪过的事物，甚至忽视了会有爆炸的危险。时间机器翻转到一边了，我被抛向了空中，一时惊呆，之后发现自己坐在雨中的一堆泥巴上。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
动作描写之 四肢动作
第一部分:基础词、句背诵
1.grasp v.抓住，握紧
He grasped the rope with both hands. 他双手抓着绳子
I grasped it tightly with tears rolling down my cheeks.
我紧紧地抓住它，泪水顺着脸颊滚落下来。
2. pull v.拉
He grabbed my arms and pulled me up.
他抓住我的胳膊把我拉了上来。
Though in a panic, I plucked my courage to pull on the reigns.
虽然惊慌失措，我还是鼓起勇气拉住了缰绳。
3. lift v.举起；抬高，提起
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile.
男孩把最后一个袋子扛到肩上，露出灿烂的笑容。
Without even lifting my head form my paper,I interrupted her request impatiently.
我甚至没有从报纸上抬起头来，就不耐烦地打断了她的请求。
4.point v.指着，指向
Pointing the little dog, the boy said, “I want that one.”
男孩指着小狗说:“我想要那只。”
Frank pointed to a big house in the distance and the stranger continued his way.
弗兰克指着远处的一座大房子，陌生人继续往前走。
5. wave v.挥手，招手
Then she waved her hand over her head and went on her way singing.
然后她在头上挥了挥手，唱着歌走了。
The nearer it got, the more she waved the yellow blouse wildly .
它越靠近，她就越使劲地挥动着那件黄衬衫。
She saw Tom waving at her on the helicopter.
她看见汤姆在直升机上向她招手。
6.pat v.拍
Mom embraced me tightly and patted me on the head gently.
妈妈紧紧地抱着我,拍了拍我的头。
The sun looked at her with a glowing smile and the flowers nodded merrily towards her, the breeze patting her on the face, warm and comfort.太阳带着灿烂的笑容看着她，花儿也向她愉快地点头，微风轻拍着她的脸，温暖而舒适。
7.crawl v.爬
He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl.
他朝着声音爬去，摸索着寻找那个女孩的踪迹。
8. press v.按，压
He pressed his ears to the door, but heard nothing.
他把耳朵贴在门上，但什么也没听到。
I bent over and pressed my head against the opening.我弯下腰把头靠近开口处。
9. pick v.采，摘，挑选
As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter.
当她小心翼翼地沿着小溪走的时候，简听到一架直升飞机的声音。
She picked up the confidence and slowly walked along the stream.
她拾起信心，沿着小溪慢慢地走。
10. wipe v.擦，拭
“Nothing, actually I was just touched by your kindness! ”said Jenny as she wiped her tears.
“没什么，其实我只是被你的善良感动了!”珍妮边擦眼泪边说。
Jack paused, wiping the sweat from his face. 杰克停了下来,擦了擦脸上的汗水。
11. beat v.击打，打败 n.（心）跳，击打
Her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly breathless. 她的心跳得很厉害,几乎窒息了.
The old man’s heart missed a beat when he saw the pearl.老人看到珍珠时吓得心都不跳了。
12. jump v.跳
I jumped out of the bed, got dressed, brushed my teeth, and had breakfast.
我跳下床，穿好衣服，刷好牙，然后吃早餐。
Overwhelmed with gaiety, he jumped up and ran excitedly around the tree.
他欣喜若狂,跳起来并绕着那棵大树跑了几圈。
Then I started jumping up and down and shouting, and waving my handkerchief.
然后我开始跳上跳下，大喊大叫，还挥舞着我的手帕。
13.walk 走，步行，散步
Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt.
突然，我妻子向我走来。她似乎已经猜到了我的感受。
With no path to follow ,Jane just walked on for quite a long time.
没有路可走，简只是走了很长一段时间。
Walking into the house, he took one look around.
走进房子，他环顾了一下四周。
Feeling stronger now,Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.
简感觉好了一些，开始沿着小溪走，希望它能把她带到湖边。
14. run v.跑 (过去式，过去分词ran, run)
She burst into tears and ran out of the room. 她突然哭了起来，跑出了房间。
Watching the attacker run into the darkness,Jim thought of the girl.
看着攻击者跑进黑暗中，吉姆想起了那个女孩。
His father offered to go running with him a few days a week to help him feel better and strengthen his muscles.
他的父亲主动提出每周和他一起跑几天步，以帮助他感觉更好，并加强他的肌肉。
15.rush/dash v.冲，奔
Reuben rushed for the shop to buy the brooch.鲁本冲到商店去买胸针。
She couldn't conceal the excitement and rushed home to tell her mother the good news.
她掩饰不住兴奋,急忙回家告诉母亲这个好消息。
Hearing the noise from the dog, the babysitter rushed out of the room.
听到狗的叫声，保姆就冲出了房间。
16.bend down弯腰
Jenny bent down quickly, picked up the watch and ran home.
珍妮迅速弯下腰，捡起手表跑回家。
She bent down to hug me gently, and I felt warm tears falling on my cheeks.
她弯下腰轻轻地拥抱我，我感到温暖的眼泪落在我的脸颊上。
17. hug 拥抱
Feeling excited and grateful for the kids' help, he burst into tears and hugged them tightly.
对孩子们的帮助感到兴奋和感激，他哭了起来，紧紧地拥抱着他们。
As the family walked to the door to leave, the mother came running back, gave me a hug and whispered, “Thanks for being our angels today.”
当这家人走到门口准备离开时，母亲跑了回来，给了我一个拥抱，并低声说:“谢谢你今天是我们的天使。”
18.其他动词
Dad cleared his throat and said in a serious voice, “….”爸爸清了清嗓子，严肃地说:“....”
She struggled to her feet and shouted, “I’m here!” 她挣扎着站起来，喊道:“我在这里!”
I stood rooted to the ground, my mind going blank.
我站在地上一动不动，脑海一片空白。
She came over and threw her arms around her smiling father.
她走过来，张开双臂拥抱了面带微笑的父亲。
He patted me on the head and inquired, “Is there anything particular you want ”
他拍了拍我的头，问我：“你有什么特别想要的东西吗？”
He reached into his pocket and withdrew a note.
他把手伸进口袋，掏出一张纸条。
第二部分:语段背诵
读后续写(放飞笼中鸟)
One day, however, when I returned home, Grandpa met me at the door, looking embarrassed. I asked him what had happened. He turned around and pointed to the birdcage, apologizing to me that the pigeon slid out when he was tidying up the cage and flew away through the open window. Gone! I couldn't believe my ears. I rushed over to the birdcage. Just empty! I stared at the remaining water and grains, tears streaming down my cheeks. "Where has it gone Will it be hurt again Will it come back ..." I asked Grandpa, sobbing. "It will fly back!" he convinced me, wiping away my tears gently.
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar 被动语态
英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
[观察例句]
1．It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.
2．All the work has been finished by now.
3．Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing.
4．You are invited to make a speech in our school.
5．Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的黑体词部分为过去将来时的被动形式，其构成是was/were going to＋ be＋ done。
2．例句2中的黑体词部分为现在完成时的被动形式，其构成是has/have ＋ been ＋ done。
3．例句3中的黑体词部分为过去进行时的被动形式，其构成是was/were ＋ being ＋ done。
4．例句4中的黑体词部分为一般现在时的被动形式，其构成是is/are ＋done。
5．例句5中的黑体词部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式，其构成是to＋ be ＋ done。
一、被动语态的基本构成和用法
被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。
下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。
时态 被动结构
一般现在时 am/is/are＋done
一般过去时 was/were＋done
一般将来时 shall/will/am/is/are going to＋be＋done
过去将来时 should/would/was/were going to＋be＋done
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done
过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done
现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done
过去完成时 had＋been＋done
将来完成时 shall/will＋have＋been＋done
过去将来完成时 should/would＋have＋been＋done
Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下规定。
Some volunteers will be sent to the remote village to help improve the education there.
一些志愿者将被派往那个偏远的村庄来帮助提高那里的教育水平。
English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.收音机上正在播英语课程。
The work will have been finished by the end of next month.到下个月底这项工作将会已经完成。
[即学即练1] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The tourists (accompany) by a guide when they travelled in Beijing.
②He (envy) by many men，because he has a big house，a car and a good family.
③The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward) with success in the end.
二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1．否定词not的位置在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree.
听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。
2．“get＋过去分词”也表被动
We got separated when we entered the big hall.我们进入大厅时被挤散了。
3．“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态
系动词 be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。
I'm interested in mathematics.我对数学感兴趣。
He seems unsatisfied with his work.他似乎对自己的工作不满意。
4．某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义
有些动词如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well，easily，smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。
这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。
The door doesn't open easily.门不容易打开。
Bikes of that kind sell well.那种自行车好卖。
5．动词短语
动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
The old man was often laughed at.那位老人经常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介词at)
[即学即练2] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①As we all know，this pen (write) smoothly.
②I (take) good care of by my uncle when I was young.
【答案】1.writes2.was taken
三、动词不定式的被动形式
动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。
构 成 意 义
一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作
完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作
1.动词不定式被动式的句法功能
(1)作主语
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。
[名师点津]
①动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。
It is an honour to be invited to speak here.能被邀请在这儿讲话，真是一件荣幸的事。
②单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
To be adopted by a key university is difficult for him.对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是困难的。
(2)作表语
The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要到下个月才能完成。
(3)作宾语
The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
(4)作宾语补足语
He wanted the boy to be punished for telling lies.他想让那个男孩因说谎而受到惩罚。
(5)作定语
He is not a man to be defeated easily.他不是一个容易被打败的人。
(6)作状语
She is sent abroad to be trained.她被送到国外培训。
[即学即练3] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①It's important for the figures (update) regularly.
②We've had a good start，but next，more work needs (do) to achieve the final success.
③There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
【答案】1.to be updated2.doing/to be done3.to be solved
2．不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do 与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系)
对比：
I'll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted
我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系，只和前面的letter构成动宾关系)
(2)在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out.这个问题很难计算出来。
(3)在too...to...结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。
(4)be to blame常用主动表示被动。
Who is to blame for starting the fire 谁应为放火受责备？
[即学即练4] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The chair is comfortable (sit) on.
②The driver is (blame) for the accident happening just now.
③The old man found the computer was hard (operate)．
④We have four reading passages (complete) in the coming holiday.
【答案】1.to sit2.to blame3.to operate4.to complete
四、动词 ing的被动形式
动词 ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时，要用动词 ing的被动形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。
(一)动词 ing被动形式的构成
形式 用法
一般式 being done 被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成式 having been done 被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
The building being built will be our school library.
正在建造的那座大楼将是我们学校的图书馆。
Having been invited，Mr.Li went there to give a speech though he was busy.
李先生受邀去那儿做演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。
[即学即练5] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
① (warn) about typhoon，the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.
②The question (discuss) now has something to do with nature.
【答案】1.Having been warned2.being discussed
(二)动词 ing被动形式的用法
动词 ing的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。
She doesn't remember having ever been given a chance to go abroad.(作宾语)
她不记得曾被给过出国的机会。
You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(作宾语补足语)
你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。
Being selected Chairman of the students' union made him feel proud.(作主语)
被选为学生会主席，他很自豪。
Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistakes.(作状语)
被告知多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。
What made his parents happy was his being admitted to a famous university.(作表语)
让他父母高兴的是他被一所名牌大学录取了。
The museum being repaired will be reopened to visitors next year.(作定语)
正在维修的博物馆明年将开始接待访客。
[名师点津]
在动词 ing被动式前加否定副词not便可构成其否定形式。
Tony was veny unhappy for not having been invited to the party.(作宾语)
托尼因未受邀请参加晚会甚为不满。
Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.(作主语)
不被允许出去，他非常生气。
[名师点津]
being done，to be done 与done作定语的区别
to be done作定语一般表示未来的动作；done表示被动完成的动作；being done 表示被动的、正在进行的动作。
The problem to be discussed(＝which will be discussed) at the meeting is very important.
会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。
The problem discussed (＝which was discussed) at the meeting is very important.
会上讨论过的问题非常重要。
The problem being discussed(＝which is being discussed) at the meeting is very important.
会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。
[即学即练6] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I still remember (take) to the Great Wall and what I saw there.
② (hit)by the big boy on the nose，the little boy began to cry.
③I heard this song (sing) in English then.
【答案】1.being taken2.Having been hit3.being sung
几种特殊用法
1．在deserve，need，require，want等词之后，总是用动词 ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于“to be＋过去分词”。
The blackboard needs cleaning.＝The blackboard needs to be cleaned.黑板需要擦干净。
The broken window wants repairing.＝The broken window wants to be repaired.
那个破窗户需要修理。
2．be worth后也常跟动词 ing的主动形式表达被动意义。
The book is worth reading again.＝The book is worthy of being read again.＝The book is worthy to be read again.这本书值得再读一遍。
3．动词 ing被动式的复合结构
当动词 ing被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词 ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)
I am very pleased at you/your having been honored with a medal.
我很高兴你获得了一枚奖牌。
The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan.
决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。
[即学即练7] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The road is covered with some fallen trees and they require (remove) immediately.
②The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent one
(launch) at the end of last year.
③If a thing is worthy of (do)，it is worth (do) well.
【答案】1.removing/to be removed2.having been launched3.being done，doing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
2．The billionaire is reported in the local newspaper (rob) last week.
3．The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world.
4．We won't start the work until all the preparations (make)．
5．These small trees require (take) good care of.
6．Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.
7．The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
8．As we approached the village，we saw new houses (build)．
9．I appreciated (give) the chance to study abroad two years ago.
10．He narrowly escaped (run) over.
【答案】1.be made2.to have been robbed3.is loved4.have been made5.taking/to be taken6.has been reached7. to be completed8.being built9.having been given10.being run
专题01.选择性必修第4册 Unit 1 Science Fiction
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 2．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 3．ladder n．梯子；阶梯 4．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管 5．rumour n．谣言；传闻 6．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设 7．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价 8．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的 9．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的 10．inaction n．无行动；不采取措施 11．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利 12．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定 13．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 14．gramme n．克(重量单位) 15．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等) 16．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 17．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米) 18．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾 19．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆 20．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧 21．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 22．puff n．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息 23．jolt n．震动；摇晃；颠簸vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃 24．flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛 25．stun vt.使震惊，使昏迷 26．overstatement n．夸大；夸张 27．Isaac Asimov 艾萨克·阿西莫夫 28．Braille (also braille)布拉耶盲文(凸点符号) 29．The Three-Body Problem《三体》 30．Hugo Award 雨果奖 重点单词 1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事 2．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好 3．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严 4．salary n．薪水；薪金 5．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员 6．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 7．weekly adj.每周的n.周刊 8．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长 9．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉 10．salesman n．售货员；推销员 11．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 12．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作 13．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套 14．backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回 15．niece n．侄女；外甥女 16．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来 17．lamp n．灯；台灯 18．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏 19．random adj.随机的；不可思议的 20．maximum adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度
词汇拓展 1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定 2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚 3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明 4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算 5．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享 6．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的 7．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增 8．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
重点词组 1．test out检验；测试 2．more like更像是；更接近 3．on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准) 4．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对 5．superior to比……更好；更胜一筹 6．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7．conflict with与……冲突或抵触 8．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 9．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失 10．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事
重点句型 1．As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern. 她一转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。 2．She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。 3．It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career. 今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。 4．Looking around，I saw my laboratory exactly as before. 环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和从前一模一样。 5．It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road. 这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
Satisfaction Guaranteed
Tony, a household robot, was tested out as a bonus by Claire when her husband, working in a company that made robots but with an average salary, was absent for 3 weeks.
Claire felt alarmed at the human-like robot and later she even felt ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. However, she began to admire his wisdom and integrity and he treated her with dignity. She told him that she was unhappy because she wasn’t wealthy like Gladys and her home wasn’t elegant. Tony promised to help her. After an appointment to paint her nails, Claire went to an expensive shop where she was rudely treated by the saleswoman whose attitude immediately changed after being spoken to by Tony. She felt guilty for being thought to be in relationship with Tony, but she still accepted Tony’s suggestion that she should invite Gladys and her friends to the house. When helping to work on a suspended light, she fell off the ladder and Tony managed to catch her. She could felt the warmth of his body. That night of the party, before the guests arrived, Claire dismissed Tony. Just then he took her in his arms, with his face close to hers, and declared that he didn’t want to leave her .
The company was supposed to be quite satisfied with the robot Tony, who protected a human being harmed.
保证满意
家用机器人Tony来到女主人Claire家试用，算得上是意外收获。她的丈夫在一家生产机器人的公司上班，工资不怎么高，这次要出差三个星期。
乍一看到这长得真人样的机器人，Claire感到惊慌。后来，她甚至感到有些荒唐，因为一个机器人竟然对她表示同情。但是，她开始赞赏这家伙的智慧和坦率，他对她彬彬有礼。她告诉他，自己过得不开心，因为她不像Gladys那样富有，房子不够雅致。Tony答应帮助她。有一次按预约做完指甲之后，Claire去到了一家高档时装店，女销售员态度粗鲁。但是在Tony和她说了几句之后，其态度立刻转变了。被误以为与Tony有私情，Claire感到内疚，但她仍然接受了Tony的建议: 邀请Gladys和她的朋友来家里做客。有一次在帮助安装吊灯的时候，Claire从梯子上摔下来了。Tony及时接住了她, 她甚至能感受到他的体温。晚会即将开始，在客人们到来之前，Claire想打发走Tony。就在那一刻，Tony将她揽入怀中，贴近她的脸庞，并向她宣告他不想离开她。
那家公司应该对机器人Tony很满意吧，因为他能保护人类使之免受伤害。
Passage 2
The Time Machine (adapted)
Sitting in the leather seat before the main panel, I first pushed the lever an inch forwards and then backwards, which made me travel 17 hours. It took my niece a minute to fetch her handkerchief in the hazy laboratory but to me she moved like a rocket. Like being driven at a high pace on a winding road and with the walls of the laboratory falling away, I could only feel the division between the day and night by the transformation of the sun and the moon. Although knowing that the maximum speed would keep me safe, the strong urge to look at the random things drove me to pull the lever backwards, ignoring the fact that it would explode. The time machine was flipped on its hard side and I was thrown through the air, stunned for a moment, then found myself sitting in the rain in some mud next to the machine.
时间机器 (改编)
坐在主板面前的皮革座位上，我先把启动杆向前推了一英寸，随即向后拉，这一下我度过了17个小时。我侄女来到模糊的实验室来取手帕，花了一分钟。在我看来，她的速度如火箭。我像是坐在车里，飞驰在蜿蜒的道路上，实验室墙壁坍塌, 我只能通过太阳和月亮的交替区分白天与黑夜。虽然知道以最大的速度前进，我是安全的，但是那种强烈的欲望驱使我停下来，去看看眼前随机闪过的事物，甚至忽视了会有爆炸的危险。时间机器翻转到一边了，我被抛向了空中，一时惊呆，之后发现自己坐在雨中的一堆泥巴上。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
动作描写之 四肢动作
第一部分:基础词、句背诵
1.grasp v.抓住，握紧
He grasped the rope with both hands. 他双手抓着绳子
I grasped it tightly with tears rolling down my cheeks.
我紧紧地抓住它，泪水顺着脸颊滚落下来。
2. pull v.拉
He grabbed my arms and pulled me up.
他抓住我的胳膊把我拉了上来。
Though in a panic, I plucked my courage to pull on the reigns.
虽然惊慌失措，我还是鼓起勇气拉住了缰绳。
3. lift v.举起；抬高，提起
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile.
男孩把最后一个袋子扛到肩上，露出灿烂的笑容。
Without even lifting my head form my paper,I interrupted her request impatiently.
我甚至没有从报纸上抬起头来，就不耐烦地打断了她的请求。
4.point v.指着，指向
Pointing the little dog, the boy said, “I want that one.”
男孩指着小狗说:“我想要那只。”
Frank pointed to a big house in the distance and the stranger continued his way.
弗兰克指着远处的一座大房子，陌生人继续往前走。
5. wave v.挥手，招手
Then she waved her hand over her head and went on her way singing.
然后她在头上挥了挥手，唱着歌走了。
The nearer it got, the more she waved the yellow blouse wildly .
它越靠近，她就越使劲地挥动着那件黄衬衫。
She saw Tom waving at her on the helicopter.
她看见汤姆在直升机上向她招手。
6.pat v.拍
Mom embraced me tightly and patted me on the head gently.
妈妈紧紧地抱着我,拍了拍我的头。
The sun looked at her with a glowing smile and the flowers nodded merrily towards her, the breeze patting her on the face, warm and comfort.太阳带着灿烂的笑容看着她，花儿也向她愉快地点头，微风轻拍着她的脸，温暖而舒适。
7.crawl v.爬
He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl.
他朝着声音爬去，摸索着寻找那个女孩的踪迹。
8. press v.按，压
He pressed his ears to the door, but heard nothing.
他把耳朵贴在门上，但什么也没听到。
I bent over and pressed my head against the opening.我弯下腰把头靠近开口处。
9. pick v.采，摘，挑选
As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter.
当她小心翼翼地沿着小溪走的时候，简听到一架直升飞机的声音。
She picked up the confidence and slowly walked along the stream.
她拾起信心，沿着小溪慢慢地走。
10. wipe v.擦，拭
“Nothing, actually I was just touched by your kindness! ”said Jenny as she wiped her tears.
“没什么，其实我只是被你的善良感动了!”珍妮边擦眼泪边说。
Jack paused, wiping the sweat from his face. 杰克停了下来,擦了擦脸上的汗水。
11. beat v.击打，打败 n.（心）跳，击打
Her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly breathless. 她的心跳得很厉害,几乎窒息了.
The old man’s heart missed a beat when he saw the pearl.老人看到珍珠时吓得心都不跳了。
12. jump v.跳
I jumped out of the bed, got dressed, brushed my teeth, and had breakfast.
我跳下床，穿好衣服，刷好牙，然后吃早餐。
Overwhelmed with gaiety, he jumped up and ran excitedly around the tree.
他欣喜若狂,跳起来并绕着那棵大树跑了几圈。
Then I started jumping up and down and shouting, and waving my handkerchief.
然后我开始跳上跳下，大喊大叫，还挥舞着我的手帕。
13.walk 走，步行，散步
Suddenly my wife walked up to me. It seemed that she had guessed how I felt.
突然，我妻子向我走来。她似乎已经猜到了我的感受。
With no path to follow ,Jane just walked on for quite a long time.
没有路可走，简只是走了很长一段时间。
Walking into the house, he took one look around.
走进房子，他环顾了一下四周。
Feeling stronger now,Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.
简感觉好了一些，开始沿着小溪走，希望它能把她带到湖边。
14. run v.跑 (过去式，过去分词ran, run)
She burst into tears and ran out of the room. 她突然哭了起来，跑出了房间。
Watching the attacker run into the darkness,Jim thought of the girl.
看着攻击者跑进黑暗中，吉姆想起了那个女孩。
His father offered to go running with him a few days a week to help him feel better and strengthen his muscles.
他的父亲主动提出每周和他一起跑几天步，以帮助他感觉更好，并加强他的肌肉。
15.rush/dash v.冲，奔
Reuben rushed for the shop to buy the brooch.鲁本冲到商店去买胸针。
She couldn't conceal the excitement and rushed home to tell her mother the good news.
她掩饰不住兴奋,急忙回家告诉母亲这个好消息。
Hearing the noise from the dog, the babysitter rushed out of the room.
听到狗的叫声，保姆就冲出了房间。
16.bend down弯腰
Jenny bent down quickly, picked up the watch and ran home.
珍妮迅速弯下腰，捡起手表跑回家。
She bent down to hug me gently, and I felt warm tears falling on my cheeks.
她弯下腰轻轻地拥抱我，我感到温暖的眼泪落在我的脸颊上。
17. hug 拥抱
Feeling excited and grateful for the kids' help, he burst into tears and hugged them tightly.
对孩子们的帮助感到兴奋和感激，他哭了起来，紧紧地拥抱着他们。
As the family walked to the door to leave, the mother came running back, gave me a hug and whispered, “Thanks for being our angels today.”
当这家人走到门口准备离开时，母亲跑了回来，给了我一个拥抱，并低声说:“谢谢你今天是我们的天使。”
18.其他动词
Dad cleared his throat and said in a serious voice, “….”爸爸清了清嗓子，严肃地说:“....”
She struggled to her feet and shouted, “I’m here!” 她挣扎着站起来，喊道:“我在这里!”
I stood rooted to the ground, my mind going blank.
我站在地上一动不动，脑海一片空白。
She came over and threw her arms around her smiling father.
她走过来，张开双臂拥抱了面带微笑的父亲。
He patted me on the head and inquired, “Is there anything particular you want ”
他拍了拍我的头，问我：“你有什么特别想要的东西吗？”
He reached into his pocket and withdrew a note.
他把手伸进口袋，掏出一张纸条。
第二部分:语段背诵
读后续写(放飞笼中鸟)
One day, however, when I returned home, Grandpa met me at the door, looking embarrassed. I asked him what had happened. He turned around and pointed to the birdcage, apologizing to me that the pigeon slid out when he was tidying up the cage and flew away through the open window. Gone! I couldn't believe my ears. I rushed over to the birdcage. Just empty! I stared at the remaining water and grains, tears streaming down my cheeks. "Where has it gone Will it be hurt again Will it come back ..." I asked Grandpa, sobbing. "It will fly back!" he convinced me, wiping away my tears gently.
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar 被动语态
英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
[观察例句]
1．It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.
2．All the work has been finished by now.
3．Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing.
4．You are invited to make a speech in our school.
5．Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的黑体词部分为过去将来时的被动形式，其构成是was/were going to＋ be＋ done。
2．例句2中的黑体词部分为现在完成时的被动形式，其构成是has/have ＋ been ＋ done。
3．例句3中的黑体词部分为过去进行时的被动形式，其构成是was/were ＋ being ＋ done。
4．例句4中的黑体词部分为一般现在时的被动形式，其构成是is/are ＋done。
5．例句5中的黑体词部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式，其构成是to＋ be ＋ done。
一、被动语态的基本构成和用法
被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。
下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。
时态 被动结构
一般现在时 am/is/are＋done
一般过去时 was/were＋done
一般将来时 shall/will/am/is/are going to＋be＋done
过去将来时 should/would/was/were going to＋be＋done
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done
过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done
现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done
过去完成时 had＋been＋done
将来完成时 shall/will＋have＋been＋done
过去将来完成时 should/would＋have＋been＋done
Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下规定。
Some volunteers will be sent to the remote village to help improve the education there.
一些志愿者将被派往那个偏远的村庄来帮助提高那里的教育水平。
English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.收音机上正在播英语课程。
The work will have been finished by the end of next month.到下个月底这项工作将会已经完成。
[即学即练1] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The tourists (accompany) by a guide when they travelled in Beijing.
②He (envy) by many men，because he has a big house，a car and a good family.
③The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward) with success in the end.
二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1．否定词not的位置在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree.
听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。
2．“get＋过去分词”也表被动
We got separated when we entered the big hall.我们进入大厅时被挤散了。
3．“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态
系动词 be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。
I'm interested in mathematics.我对数学感兴趣。
He seems unsatisfied with his work.他似乎对自己的工作不满意。
4．某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义
有些动词如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well，easily，smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。
这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。
The door doesn't open easily.门不容易打开。
Bikes of that kind sell well.那种自行车好卖。
5．动词短语
动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
The old man was often laughed at.那位老人经常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介词at)
[即学即练2] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①As we all know，this pen (write) smoothly.
②I (take) good care of by my uncle when I was young.
【答案】1.writes2.was taken
三、动词不定式的被动形式
动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。
构 成 意 义
一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作
完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作
1.动词不定式被动式的句法功能
(1)作主语
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。
[名师点津]
①动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。
It is an honour to be invited to speak here.能被邀请在这儿讲话，真是一件荣幸的事。
②单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
To be adopted by a key university is difficult for him.对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是困难的。
(2)作表语
The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要到下个月才能完成。
(3)作宾语
The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
(4)作宾语补足语
He wanted the boy to be punished for telling lies.他想让那个男孩因说谎而受到惩罚。
(5)作定语
He is not a man to be defeated easily.他不是一个容易被打败的人。
(6)作状语
She is sent abroad to be trained.她被送到国外培训。
[即学即练3] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①It's important for the figures (update) regularly.
②We've had a good start，but next，more work needs (do) to achieve the final success.
③There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
【答案】1.to be updated2.doing/to be done3.to be solved
2．不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do 与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系)
对比：
I'll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted
我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系，只和前面的letter构成动宾关系)
(2)在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out.这个问题很难计算出来。
(3)在too...to...结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。
(4)be to blame常用主动表示被动。
Who is to blame for starting the fire 谁应为放火受责备？
[即学即练4] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The chair is comfortable (sit) on.
②The driver is (blame) for the accident happening just now.
③The old man found the computer was hard (operate)．
④We have four reading passages (complete) in the coming holiday.
【答案】1.to sit2.to blame3.to operate4.to complete
四、动词 ing的被动形式
动词 ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时，要用动词 ing的被动形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。
(一)动词 ing被动形式的构成
形式 用法
一般式 being done 被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成式 having been done 被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
The building being built will be our school library.
正在建造的那座大楼将是我们学校的图书馆。
Having been invited，Mr.Li went there to give a speech though he was busy.
李先生受邀去那儿做演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。
[即学即练5] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
① (warn) about typhoon，the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.
②The question (discuss) now has something to do with nature.
【答案】1.Having been warned2.being discussed
(二)动词 ing被动形式的用法
动词 ing的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。
She doesn't remember having ever been given a chance to go abroad.(作宾语)
她不记得曾被给过出国的机会。
You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(作宾语补足语)
你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。
Being selected Chairman of the students' union made him feel proud.(作主语)
被选为学生会主席，他很自豪。
Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistakes.(作状语)
被告知多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。
What made his parents happy was his being admitted to a famous university.(作表语)
让他父母高兴的是他被一所名牌大学录取了。
The museum being repaired will be reopened to visitors next year.(作定语)
正在维修的博物馆明年将开始接待访客。
[名师点津]
在动词 ing被动式前加否定副词not便可构成其否定形式。
Tony was veny unhappy for not having been invited to the party.(作宾语)
托尼因未受邀请参加晚会甚为不满。
Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.(作主语)
不被允许出去，他非常生气。
[名师点津]
being done，to be done 与done作定语的区别
to be done作定语一般表示未来的动作；done表示被动完成的动作；being done 表示被动的、正在进行的动作。
The problem to be discussed(＝which will be discussed) at the meeting is very important.
会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。
The problem discussed (＝which was discussed) at the meeting is very important.
会上讨论过的问题非常重要。
The problem being discussed(＝which is being discussed) at the meeting is very important.
会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。
[即学即练6] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I still remember (take) to the Great Wall and what I saw there.
② (hit)by the big boy on the nose，the little boy began to cry.
③I heard this song (sing) in English then.
【答案】1.being taken2.Having been hit3.being sung
几种特殊用法
1．在deserve，need，require，want等词之后，总是用动词 ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于“to be＋过去分词”。
The blackboard needs cleaning.＝The blackboard needs to be cleaned.黑板需要擦干净。
The broken window wants repairing.＝The broken window wants to be repaired.
那个破窗户需要修理。
2．be worth后也常跟动词 ing的主动形式表达被动意义。
The book is worth reading again.＝The book is worthy of being read again.＝The book is worthy to be read again.这本书值得再读一遍。
3．动词 ing被动式的复合结构
当动词 ing被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词 ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)
I am very pleased at you/your having been honored with a medal.
我很高兴你获得了一枚奖牌。
The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan.
决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。
[即学即练7] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The road is covered with some fallen trees and they require (remove) immediately.
②The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent one
(launch) at the end of last year.
③If a thing is worthy of (do)，it is worth (do) well.
【答案】1.removing/to be removed2.having been launched3.being done，doing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
2．The billionaire is reported in the local newspaper (rob) last week.
3．The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world.
4．We won't start the work until all the preparations (make)．
5．These small trees require (take) good care of.
6．Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.
7．The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
8．As we approached the village，we saw new houses (build)．
9．I appreciated (give) the chance to study abroad two years ago.
10．He narrowly escaped (run) over.
【答案】1.be made2.to have been robbed3.is loved4.have been made5.taking/to be taken6.has been reached7. to be completed8.being built9.having been given10.being run