(共39张PPT)
高考英语语法
CONTENTS
十大词类与构词法
02
动词及动词时态
04
非谓语动词
08
名词性从句
09
情态动词、虚拟语气
11
倒装句和强调句
12
高考语法体系
01
句子成分和五种基本句型
03
被动语态
06
定语从句
07
状语从句
10
主谓一致
05
Lesson 7
定语从句
形容词
数词、名词
动词不定式
副词
The boy there is my little brother.
介词短语
He is always the first to enter the classroom.
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
Guilin is a beautiful city.
China is a developing country.
There are thirty women teachers in our school.
定语是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子，名词、代词、形容词 、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等都可以作定语。
定语从句
The girl who is smiling is my sister.
V-ing形式
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
定语从句易错点
定语从句
Lesson 7
I have read the newspaper.
The newspaper carries the important news.
I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.
1.1 定语从句定义
I showed him the letter.
I received the letter this morning.
I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
1.1 定语从句定义
Cai Xukun is a singer.
He is popular with teenagers.
Cai Xukun is a singer who is popular with teenagers.
1.1 定语从句定义
Cai Xukun is a singer who is popular with teenagers.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that
where, when, why
定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
that 在从句中作主语,宾语或表语，指人或物。
which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.
2. The noodles that I cooked were delicious.
(主语)
(宾语)
(主语)
(宾语)
3. Shenzhen is not the city that it used to be.
4. They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
5. The fish which we bought were not fresh.
(表语)
who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语，指人。
(主语)
(宾语)
(宾语)
1.2 关系代词who, whom
1. The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
2. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li.
3. Mr. Read is the professor whom I met yesterday.
whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。
1. This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
2. This is the book whose cover is blue.
1.2 关系代词whose
Whose composition = the composition of whom
= of whom the composition
Whose cover = the cover of which
=of which the cover
The old temple ______ roof was damaged is now under repair.
2. That’s the mew machine _______ parts are too small to be seen.
3. This is the scientist ______name is known all over the world.
4. I bought an ancient vase, the price ______ ______ was very reasonable.
5. The newly-built café, the walls ______ _____ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
whose
whose
whose
of
which
of
which
关系代词 先行词 所作成分 是否可省
that 物/人 主语/宾语 作宾语时可以省略，前有介词时不可省略
which 物 主语/宾语 who 人 主语/宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 物/人 定语 不可以省略
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything,
little, much 等不定代词时
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时
(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
(2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等修饰时
(5)先行词即有人又有物时
Which is the book that you bought last week
(6)主句中有疑问词which 或who时
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered .
① People want to listen to someone who is interesting.
② Anyone who breaks the law is punished.
③ The student you should learn from is the one who works hard.
④ Those who break the law are punished.
⑤ He who breaks the law is punished.
1.4 关系代词只用who的情况
⑥The famous film star, who tries to make a comeback, draws a lot of attention.
1. 当先行词是指人的代词如he, she, someone, those…时用who.
2. 非限制性定语从句先行词指人时用who.
如何选择关系词：
1. 确定定语从句
2.看先行词是指人还是指物
3. 看从句中缺什么成分（把先行词还原到定语从句中，看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分
4. 确定关系代词
The boys ______are playing football are from Class One.
Football is a game ___________is liked by most boys.
who/ that
which/ that
选择正确的关系词填入题目中的空白处。
1. I like the present __________ you've sent to me.
2. The nurse __________ we talked about can speak English well.
3. This is the most difficult job __________ we've ever done.
4. This is the cleverest man __________ I've ever known.
5. The old gentleman __________ you met just now is a famous writer.
6. The girl to __________ I lent my bike works in a hospital.
7. We talked about the things and persons ________ we saw then.
8. I live in the room _________window faces south.
1. that/which/不填 2. that/who/whom/不填 3. that 4. that 5. who/whom/that/不填 6. whom 7. that 8. whose
He who laughs last laughs best.
I won’t hate those who hate me, because I am loving people who love me.
Don’t lie. Those who believe your lies are also the ones who believe in you.
关系副词 先行词 所作成分
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
1.4 关系副词when, where, why
先行词指时间，定语从句中缺时间状语时，用关系副词when，when可换成“介词+which”。如：
1. I still remember that day when I first came to Nanjing.
I still remember that day.
I first came to Nanjing on that day.
2. My father was born in the year when World War Ⅱ broke out.
My father was born in the year.
World War Ⅱ broke out in the year.
1.4 关系副词when
I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.
My father was born in the year when(= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out.
先行词指地点，定语从句中缺地点状语时用关系副词where，where可换成“介词+which”. 如：
This is the house where I lived last year.
This is the house.
I lived in the house last year.
1.4 关系副词where
This is the house where(= in which) I lived last year.
1.4 关系副词where
Tips : 当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage, degree，occasion等词，表示情况、方面、处境且从句中缺状语时用关系副词where。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
先行词是reason，从句中缺原因状语时用关系副词why时，why可换成“for + which”。如：
This is the reason why the boy was punished.
This is the reason.
The boy was punished for this reason.
1.4 关系副词why
This is the reason why(= for which) the boy was punished.
1. I'll never forget the day______________ we met each other.
2. I will never forget the days ______________I spent with your family。
3. Do you still remember the place______________we visited
4. Do you still remember the place______________ we visited the painting exhibition
when/ on which
which/that/
which/that/
where/in which
1.4 关系副词when, where, why
5. This is the reason ___________ he was late.
why/ for which
6.This is the reason ______________ he gave me.
that/which/
关系代词和关系副词的选择关键看定语从句中缺什么成分。
1.5 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型。例如：
The man who/whom /that /you spoke to is a teacher.
=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
1.5 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型。例如：
The man who/whom /that /you spoke to is a teacher.
=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
一、基本构成
1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom，即：介词+which(指人）/介词+whom（指物）。
（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
（2）The city in which she lives is far away.
1.5 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）
1. 一先，即根据定语从句中的先行词常用的搭配选择合适的介词。
I never forget the day ________ which I came to this school.
2. 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词常用的搭配选择合适的介词。
This is the iPad ________which I spent 3000 yuan.
3. 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses, ________ which I cannot see clearly.
on
on
without
spend money on sth
1. I was surprised at the way ________ which he treated the old man.
2. The woman, ________ whom I learned the news, is a nurse.
3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a person ________ whom she could turn for help.
4. Ours is a beautiful school, _____which we are proud.
in
from
to
of
1.5 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。
This is the pen that / which/ you are looking for.
The patient that/whom/ she is looking after is her father.
The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.
关系代词只用which的情况
① 非限制性定语从句
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
② 介词之后用which.（介词后指物用which,指人用whom）
The person ________I am speaking just now is our English teacher.
The prize ________he worked so hard was a new bicycle.
to whom
for which
I had the same experience as you had.
我跟你有相同的经历。（as在从句中做宾语，不可省）
I never heard such stories as he told.
我从未听过他讲的这种故事。（as在从句中做宾语）
Here is so heavy a box as can be lifted by nobody.
这里有一个没人能搬得动的箱子。（as在从句中做主语）
1.6 as引导的定语从句
as引导限制性定语从句：主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
主要结构有：the same…as
as…as
such…as
so…as
As引导非限制性定语从句, 指代整个主句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。常译为“正如”
As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
As we all know， (As is well known，) 众所周知
As we expected, 正如我们所预料的
As often happens, 正如经常发生的那样
As is often the case, 情况常常如此
as has been said before，如前所述
As may be imagined, 可以想象得出
As has been pointed out, 正如已经指出的那样
As will be shown in… 正如将在…中展示的那样
as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
分割性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
1.7 定语从句分类
限制性定语从句
定语从句
一、限定性定语从句: 紧跟先行词无逗号和主句隔开
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
二、非限定性定语从句: 有逗号与先行词隔开
三、分割性定语从句：定语从句和先行词间有其他成分隔开
Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March.
The day will come_____ all people have robots。
The professor is sleeping ______ has just come back from abroad.
1.7 定语从句分类
when
who
1. A plane is a machine that can fly.
2. The noodles that I cooked were delicious.
3. Who is the man that is reading a book over there
4. The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister.
5. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water.
6. The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh.
翻译句子：汉译英
7 The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
8 The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
9 The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
10 Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write.
My favorite movie
______________________________________________(众所周知，兴趣是最好的老师) In my spare time, I like watching films, ________________________________________________ (这丰富我的生活，开阔我的视野) Today I want to introduce a movie to you, ____________________________(它的名字是美丽人生)
___________________________________________________
______________________________ (我推荐这部电影的原因是它提醒我们
应该乐观，善良)， I will never forget the scene ,________________________________
(那个伟大的父亲即使面临死亡也在对他的孩子微笑) .
As we all know, interest is the best teacher.
which will enrich my life and broaden my horizons.
whose name is Beautiful Life
The reason why I recommend this movie is that it reminds us that we should be optimistic and kind.
still smiling to his child in face of
death.
where that great father are(共8张PPT)
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
定语从句易错点
定语从句
Lesson 7
Cai Xukun is a singer， who is popular with teenagers.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
as, which, who, whom, whose, where, when…
非限制性定语从句：是定语从句的一种，与先行词的关系不十分密切，它只是对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
2.1 非限制性定语从句
that, why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:
1. 限制性定语从句与其所修饰的先行词关系密切，如果省略，主句意义往往不完整；而非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切，它往往是对先行词或整个主句的附加说明，与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。
Toronto is a city that I've always wanted to visit.
Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.
2.2 非限制性定语从句
2. 定语从句中关系代词作宾语时可省略, 非限制性定语从句中关系词不可省略。that, why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
Toronto is a city (that) I've always wanted to visit.
He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:
3. 限制性定语从句中which指代先行词，非限制性定语从句which除了指代先行词，还可以指代整个主句。
The five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
2.2 非限制性定语从句
4. 引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词whom可以用who来代替；但在非限制性定语从句中，whom就不能用who替换。
This is the girl whom/who I met in the street.
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he liked very much.
As引导非限制性定语从句, 指代整个主句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。常译为“正如”
2.3 As引导非限制性定语从句
As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
As we all know， (As is well known，) 众所周知
As we expected, 正如我们所预料的
As often happens, 正如经常发生的那样
As is often the case, 情况常常如此
as has been said before，如前所述
As may be imagined, 可以想象得出
As has been pointed out, 正如已经指出的那样
As will be shown in… 正如将在…中展示的那样
as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:
1. Which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后, 而 as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首，句末或句中。
Laura couldn't come to our party, which was a pity.
Einstein, as is known to us all, is a famous scientist.
2. which常译作“这”; 而as常译作“正如”.
Our team won the game , which makes us so happy.
As we had expected, the boy has made much progress.
As常用短语：
as is often the case
as we expected
as often happens
as is known to all
as has been said before
as is mentioned above
I have a classmate called Kathy, aunt is my former English teacher. Kathy is a girl is easy to get along with and we all like her. Kathy took the first place in the Speech Contest, made her teacher very happy. The New Year is coming, Kathy will go to Hongkong together with her mother. we all know, Hongkong is a shopping paradise, Kathy intends to buy all that she needs.
whose
As
when
where
who
which
区别 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句
1. 有逗号隔开 无逗号隔开
2. 不能用关系代词that 可以用that
3. 关系代词充当宾语不能省略 可以省略
4. 定语从句起补充作用，去掉后对句意没有影响 定语从句起修饰限制作用，去掉后句意不完整
As 常用短语
as is often the case as we expected
as often happens as is known to all
as has been said before as is mentioned above(共14张PPT)
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
定语从句易错点
定语从句
Lesson 7
1. 什么是定语从句？它有什么作用？
2. 什么是先行词？
3.什么是关系词 ？分为几类？有哪些？
4.定语从句的位置及译法。
5. 什么是限制性定语从句和非限定性定语从句？
1. 概念及作用
2. 先行词
3.关系词及作用
4.位置及译法
5. 类型及区别
在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词的从句叫定语从句
被定语从句所修饰的词。
关系代词 /关系副词 , 引导句子以及子句子中做成分。
先行词 之后，“….的”
限制性定语从句：修饰限定性强，无逗号；
非限制性定语从句：修饰限定性弱，有逗号。
1. I'll never forget the day______________ we met each other.
2. I will never forget the days ______________I spent with your family。
3. Do you still remember the place______________we visited
4. Do you still remember the place______________ we visited the painting exhibition
when/ on which
which/that/
which/that/
where/in which
5. This is the reason ___________ he was late.
why/ for which
6.This is the reason ______________ he gave me.
that/which/
3.1关系代词和关系副词的选择
1. The way ________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2. He managed to achieve his goal in a way___________ was impossible.
3. The way _______________he used was quite simple.
that/which
that/in which/
that/which/
the way 作先行词
1.从句中缺状语，关系词用that, in which或不填。
2.从句中缺宾语用that 、which 或不填。
3.从句中缺主语用that 、which。
3.2 way 作先行词时的关系词
3.3 关系副词where
Tips : 当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage, degree，occasion，state, scene等词，表示情况、方面、处境时，从句中缺状语时用关系副词where或介词+which，缺宾语或主语时用that或which.
They have reached the point ________they have to separate with each other.
Worrying never helps in a situation______ you can’t change.
The police are looking into a case ________the suspect is a cat.
that/which/
where/ in which
Occasion: 时刻或场合，作状语是表时机用when, 表场合用where.
Point:程度或时候，作状语是表程度用where, 表时候用when.
where/at which
1. Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen.
2. The only thing matters is to find our way home.
3. We talked about the things and persons ______ we saw then.
4. She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth
5. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of
hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
that
that
that
which
which
3.4 that和which的用法
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything,
little, much 等不定代词时
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时
(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
(2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等修饰时
(5)先行词即有人又有物时
Which is the book that you bought last week
(6)主句中有疑问词which 或who时
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered .
关系代词只用which的情况
① 非限制性定语从句
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
② 介词之后用which.（介词后指物用which,指人用whom）
The person ________I am speaking just now is our English teacher.
The prize ________he worked so hard was a new bicycle.
to whom
for which
1. This morning I got a letter from Hu Dong, _____ said that he was going abroad the next year.
2. This morning I got a letter from Hu Dong. _____ said that he was going abroad the next year.
A. in which B. that C. which D. It
C
D
3.5 标点符号大不同
强调句型与定语从句的区别
A. It was at the theater _______ Abraham Lincoln was murdered.
B. It was the theater ________ Abraham Lincoln was murdered.
that
where
in/at which
C. It was the theater ________ I often visited.
that
3定冠词the有时也可影响句子结构
A:Mr Wilson is one of those foreigners who_____
interested in Chinese Medicine.
B:Mr. Wilson is the one of those foreigners who _____ interested in Chinese medicine.
are
is
A:Is this the chemical factory _____ you visited last week
Is this chemical factory _____ you visited last week
A.that B.in which C.the one D.where
A
C
