人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit4 Natural disasters定语从句课件(33张ppt)

(共33张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive/Relative Clauses
----Sebrella
Learning Aims学习目标:
In the class, I can:
1. To summarize the rules and review the key points of the the Attributive Clause.
2. To master how to use The Attributive Clause.
Contents
定语从句的定义与结构；
关系代词的选择及相关考点；
(1)只用that的情况；
(2)只用which的情况；
(3)the way做先行词的情况;
(4)as的用法；
3.关系副词的选择及注意事项；
4.定语从句单复数问题---主谓一致。
一、定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
his desk Tom’s father
a beautiful city three teachers
women teachers in the room above
a developing country
a developed country
There is nothing to do today.
an article about how to learn English
a city which is beautiful
物主代词
形容词
名词
现在分词
过去分词
不定式
介词短语
从句
名词所有格
数词
副词
Sebrella is a teacher who is beautiful.
Sebrella is a beautiful teacher.
表语
定语从句
主语
主句
differences
总结： 当定语的位置上
不是单词或词组而是
句子的时候整个句子
就是定语从句，放在
所修辞名词/代词的后面。
主语
系动词
系动词
表语
定语
beautiful
相关术语
Sebrella is a teacher who is beautiful.
NOUN(名词)
Antecedent(先行词)
Relative words(关系词)
定语从句
结构：先行词n.＋关系词＋从句
1.引导连接定语从句。
2.代替先行词。
3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系词3个作用：
1. The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2. I like the book which you bought yesterday.
3. The house where he lives needs repairing.
4. I still remember the day which we spent together.
先
关
(
)
先
先
先
关
关
关
(
)
(
)
(
)
Find out the attributive clause & its noun.
P52
Find out the attributive clause & its noun.
He has two sons who work in the same company.
他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。（可能不止两个儿子）
He has two sons , who work in the same company.
他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。（只有两个儿子）
限制性定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause
,非限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
定语从句分类
Summary 1：
1. 在复合句中，_____某个名词和代词的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的_______, 它与定语从句之间有一个词连接，这个词叫做________。
2. 关系词的作用：______, ______, _______.
3.定语从句分为______ 和_______,
定语从句,区别在于有无_____隔开。
修饰
先行词
关系词
引导连接
代替
担当成分
He has two sons , who work in the
same company.
限制性
非限制性
逗号
What are the relative words关系词
引导定语从句的关系词
指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因
who，whom
which，that
whose
where
when
why
关系代词
关系副词
as
2、How to choose the right relative words关系词
The girl is Mary.
We saw her yesterday.
The girl __________________ is Mary.
A plane is a machine.
The machine can fly.
A plane is a machine ____________________.
This is a book.
The cover is red.
This is a book __________________.
This is a book _________________________.
(who) we saw yesterday
which/that can fly
whose cover is red
the cover of which is red
This is the city.
I live in the city.
This is the city __________________ .
The woman is a teacher.
They wanted to talk to
the woman.
The woman _________________________ is a teacher.
I will never forget the days.
We spent the days enjoying holidays.
I will never forget the days __________________.
where=in which I live
whom they wanted to talk to
that/which we spent enjoying holidays.
作主语 作宾语 作定语
及物v.宾语 介词宾语 指人
指物
summary 2：
who
who
介词+whom
which/that
whose/of whom
which/that
介词+which
whose/of which
关系代词的选择
P52
定语从句关系代词四大考点
(1)只用that的情况
(2)只用which的情况
(3)the way做先行词的情况
(4)as的情况
1) Do you have anything ______ you don't understand
2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.
3) Who is the man _____ is standing there
4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise,________ brought her heart into
her mouth.
that
that
that
which
which
summary 3：
考点1.
只用which的情况
介词+which
, 非限制性定语从句
6). _____ is known to all, he is the best student.
As
eg:They will never forget the things and persons that they have seen during their
long journey.
eg: The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen.
1、当先行词是something, anything, everything, nothing, all, little, few, some等_________时;
2、当先行词是_______或_______最高级，或被其修饰时;
不定代词
序数词
形容词
考点2. 只用that 的情况
3、当先行词是既有_______又有_______时;
人
物
4、当先行词被_______，_______，_______,the last等修饰时;
the only
the very
the same
eg:She is the only girl that won the first prize.
5、当主句的主语是who或which时；
eg：Which is the bike that you lost
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
7、主句是there be 句型且关系词在从句中作主语时,用 that引导。
6.当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时；
eg：Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
eg：There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
在那个角落还有一个座位可用。
1.The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was
not difficult to understand.
2.The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
that/ which/不填
that/in which/不填
3. What surprised me was not what he said but
_____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
考点3. the way做先行词 的情况
当the way做先行词时，表示“方式，方法”,后面的定语从句可以
用that/in which/不填。通常情况下，用in which引导的定语从句最
为正式，that的次之，省略不填的反而更自然，更为常用。
1、as 引导限制性定语从句，先行词前常被such, the same, as修饰，构成such…as（像……一样的/之类的）, the same… as（和……同样的）, as… as结构，as 在定语从句中充当主语或宾语或表语；
eg： 1.I never heard such stories _____ he tells.
2. She has the same blue eyes _____ her mother has.
as
as
考点4. as 的情况
2.as作为关系词作主语且定语从句为被动语态形式时,从句谓语通常为:be known,be expected，be said,be reported,be announced,be mentioned等；
eg：She has been absent again,as is expected.她又缺席了,这在预料之中。
3、在下列固定搭配之中，意为“正如”：
as you know/As is known to all众所周知=As we all know=As everyone knows=As is well-known/as you see/as we planned/as we (have) expected/As the saying goes俗话说/as I remember (it)/as I understand(it)/as is often the case通常就是这样/as anybody can see/.....
1. The reason ___________ he gave us sounded reasonable.
2. I don’t know the reason _______ he quarreled with you.
3. I’ll never forget the day ___________ we spent together.
4. I’ll remember the day _________ we stayed together.
5. This is the hotel ____________ we visited last year.
6. This is the hotel _________ Lincoln once lived.
1. The reason ___________ he gave us sounded reasonable.
2. I don’t know the reason _______ he quarreled with you.
3. I’ll never forget the day ___________ we spent together.
4. I’ll remember the day _________ we stayed together.
5. This is the hotel ____________ we visited last year.
6. This is the hotel _________ Lincoln once lived.
why
that/which
that/which
when
that/which
where
3.关系副词 where/when/why
作状语 关系副词
指时间 时间状语 when=时间介词（in/at/on/during...+which）
指地点 地点状语 where=地点介词（in/at/on/under...+which）
指原因（reason） 原因状语 why（限定从）=for+which
summary 4：关系副词的选择
千万不能一看到地点名词就填where; 看到时间名词就填when, 看到reason就填why!
技巧是:一划从句二看成分
(缺主,宾或表语填关系代词,缺状语则填关系副词)
注意：
1.当先行词为case, condition, situation, position, point, stage, degree,occasion,atmosphere氛围等抽象地点名词时,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词where,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”
(1)They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步.
(2)The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
2. 关系副词 when,where 可用于非限制性定语从句中，而关系副词 why 不可以。
4、定语从句的单复数主谓一致问题
关系代词做从句主语时
1.从句的谓语动词单复数取决于它所修饰的先行名词
2.先行词是句子时，从句谓语动词用单三
I. The book that ____ (be) on the bookshelf is my favourite.
2.The exams were put off, which _____(be)exactly what we wanted.
is
was
注意：
1. He is one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
2. He is the only one in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
has
have
one of + 复数名词 作先行词，从句动词用复数
其前有the only, the very修饰， 从句动词用单数
1.(2019 全国 I) One afternoon ______ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
2. (2019 全国 III) They were well trained by their masters _______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
3. (2018 全国 I) They also had a small pond ______ they raised fish.
when
who
where
Fill in the blank with proper relative words
4. (2016 全国II) Simon is a comedian and actor ________ has 10 year's experience of teaching comedy.
5. (2020 全国II) In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almost life like.
6. You reach a point ______medicine can’t help.
who
whose
where
= of whom
whose指人时相当于of whom,指物时相当于of which
当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等抽象名词时，在定语从句中充当状语时用关系副词where.
Correct mistakes.
1. (2020 江西临川) We carried two backpacks, that turned out to be pretty heavy for the hike.
2. (2020 全国 II) Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
3. (2015 浙江) Creating an atmosphere in that employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
________
_________
________
which
which
which
She is a woman 1._______ majored in music. She acted in Beijing for the first time in 1980 2.____ she was still a student. She took part in many Spring Festival Galas(春晚) 3._________were loved by all Chinese people. She married our Chairman 4._________ we all knew. They lived in a lovely apartment 5. _____ their daughter was born. Many foreigners know her and her songs 6. ____ are loved by our Chinese people. She is the most famous woman 7. ___is loved by children too. The reason 8.____ she is so popular is not just that she married the powerful man but she cares about the people 9._____ life is ordinary.
Use that, who, which,where,when, why, whose to fill in the blanks
who
when
which/that
who
where
that
why
that
whose
self-check
定语从句的定义与结构；
关系代词的选择及相关考点；
(1)只用that的情况；
(2)只用which的情况；
(3)the way做先行词的情况;
(4)as的用法；
3.关系副词的选择及注意事项；
4.定语从句单复数问题---主谓一致。
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