2023届高考英语阅读理解七选五解题技巧（上）课件(43张ppt)

(共43张PPT)
阅读理解七选五解题技巧
(上)
要点
二、命题原则
三、解题技巧
一、考查意图
《高考英语考试说明》:
此题型旨在考查“考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”
一、考查意图
1. 篇幅长度：
语篇总词数计300词左右。其中，文章250词左右，7个选项50词左右。
二、命题原则
2. 体裁—主要为说明文。
2019年全国新课标卷3 建立健康有益的互动交流
2019年全国新课标卷II 激发动力的方法
2019年全国新课标卷I 新鲜空气对健康的益处
2018年全国新课标卷3 舞蹈的力量
说明文
说明文
说明文
说明文
2. 体裁—主要为说明文。
2018年全国新课标卷II 晨练给人们带来的好处
2018年全国新课标卷I 颜色在家居设计中的作用
2017年全国新课标卷3 保持好的生活作息
2017年全国新课标卷II 工作时如何不被打断
说明文
说明文
说明文
说明文
2. 体裁—主要为说明文。
2017年全国新课标卷I 对野外宿营态度的转变
2016年全国新课标卷3 吃鱼对人的好处以及挑选鱼和做鱼的方法
2016年全国新课标卷II A garden that's just right for you
2016年全国新课标卷I Secret codes在生活中的作用及密码学的三种基本类型
记叙文
说明文
说明文
说明文
2. 体裁—主要为说明文。
2015年全国新课标卷II 介绍如何准备跑马拉松
2015年全国新课标卷I Building Trust in a Relationship Again
2014年全国新课标卷II Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
2014年全国新课标卷I 父母如何帮助孩子培养从事未来工作的能力和潜质
说明文
说明文
说明文
说明文
3.考点：
主旨概括句(文章整体或段落内容)
过渡性句子（文章结构）
细节句（上下文逻辑意义）
三、解题技巧
看设空位置
段首
段中
段尾
读全文
→
→
找联系
思逻辑
析选项
设空位置：
2019全国I ------ 段首:2;段中:3
2019全国II ------ 段首:1;段中:4
2019全国3------ 段首:1;段中:3;段尾:1
2018全国I ------ 段首:1;段中:3;段尾:1
2018全国II ------ 段首:2;段中:2;段尾:1
2018全国3------段首:2;段中:2;段尾:1
2017全国I ------ 段首:2;段中:2;段尾:1
2017全国II ------ 段首:1;段中:4
2017全国3------段首:1;段中:3;段尾:1
建议三步曲做“七选五”
第一步：先做段首、段尾题，缩小排查范围
第二步：剩余选项细排查，利用句间关系来判定
第三步：代入选项通读原文，句意畅通来验证
1.段首：主旨概括句（段落小标题、主题句）
承上启下句（连贯上段和本段的内容）
主旨概括句是指概括文章主题的句子,或者统领某一段落的句子。
做此类题要注意两个方面:
1.全文主旨句。注意文章的首段与结尾段,尤其是文章的首段及结尾段的末句,因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式在英语中很常见。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在,如果它不是主题句,可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式,如两者均不是,则在文章的其他段落寻找主题句,但仍然不能忽略首段与末段的提示作用。
2.段落主旨句。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落,各段落会依据文章的主题展开,对文章主题的不同方面进行阐述。找出各段的关键词,明确其大意,就容易确定一个段落的主旨句。
承上启下过渡性语句的考查主要是从文章结构的角度出题,在文中起到承上启下的行文作用。做此类题需要注意文章的结构,有“总—分—总”结构,也有“分—分—总”结构。无论什么样的结构,都需要联结文章的过渡性语句。
过渡句通常对上面的内容进行总结,或者以问句的方式或祈使句的方式引出下文。所以,在定位选项时,要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容。
例如：2015年全国新课标1卷
● 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
● 39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost,……
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
A
C
段首时：关注本段中心词
紧扣下文
2.段尾：总结概括句（总结本段内容，常含总结性词语）
承上启下句（连贯本段和下段的内容）
例如： 2014年全国新课标卷II
Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook Do you have the right materials ready __37__
A. Try new things.
B. Ability is easily improved.
C. Make three or four instead.
D. Understand your food better.
E. Cooking is a burden for many people.
F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
G
段尾时：内容关联
概括贴切
A. Make choice that are right for you.
B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D. And examine the findings of the original research.
E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.
G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
（活学活用：2014北京） Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information
Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71
Go to the original source.......
Watch for misleading language. ......
Use your common sense. ......
75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.......
G
A
3. 段中：少有过渡句；细节句居多；
1)句式结构
2) “代词”的指代推理
3)瞻前顾后，抓细节关键词
4)衔接过渡词
难点
技巧
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience,there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often:ability,money,and time.　16　 Money is a topic I’ll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:
A.Try new things.
B.Ability is easily improved.
C.Make three or four instead.
D.Understand your food better.
E.Cooking is a burden for many people.
F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
过渡句
B
1)句式结构
排比;
反问;
对比;
并列的祈使句…
细节句
1)句式结构
例如：2015年全国新课标2卷
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks, start timing yourself.......
介词+时间单位
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
均为时
间状语
A
D
tip：分析句型,了解语法构成
当我们了解了文章大意后,要明确每一个空是填一个整句子还是半个句子。这一点十分重要,它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围。比如,有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号,后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分,很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子,这时便可以在七个选项中找到是半个句子的选项,从而缩小选择范围。
1.Think ahead.......
2.Make your time worth it.......
3.　19　 This may surprise you,but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try, more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
A.Try new things.
B.Ability is easily improved.
C.Make three or four instead.
D.Understand your food better.
E.Cooking is a burden for many people.
F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
A
活学活用：
Hopefully that gives you a good start.　20　 And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A.Try new things.
B.Ability is easily improved.
C.Make three or four instead.
D.Understand your food better.
E.Cooking is a burden for many people.
F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
本文是一篇议论文。作者对日程紧张的情况下如何做烹调提出了一些建议。
F
活学活用：
　　英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
2) “代词”的指代推理
2015年全国新课标2卷
… When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
E
例如：
_____ Improved thinking abilities will help them to understand more both in academic sense and in as an individual.
Thinking is a skill.
Creative thinking techniques can develop children’s mind.
Thinking is a tool, and it is something that can be sharpened.
them
children
活学活用1：
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
活学活用2：
Unfortunately, we've all been victims of betrayal. Whether we've been stolen from, lied to, misled,or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore, 37 It's understandable, but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.
They
they
______ The image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us.
Always love yourself.
Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself.
Don’t allow doubts to occur in it .
self-images
Self-image
image
a.)词汇复现法
复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
3)　瞻前顾后，抓细节关键词
Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. ________
A. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.
B. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood.
C. On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious.
are around
Surround
````````````````````````````````````b.)词汇同现法
`
　　词汇同现是指属于同一词汇或者跟此词汇相关同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密（如：
例如：2014年全国新课标II卷
Hopefully that gives you a good start. ___40__ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
E. Cooking is a burden for many people.
F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
4)衔接过渡词: 语篇连贯性的灵魂!
Tip: 作答时，当我们发现某一个空有两个不同的答案犹豫不决时,我们需找出上下文和选项中的关键词，分辨其强调的不同点，看看哪项更符合上下文，再将其分别代入原文,选择最佳答案。
(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, as well as, the same …as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition ,what is more等
(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of , in that, for this reason等
常考的逻辑关系有：
(c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of等
(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, in the mean time, later, next, then, 以及一些具体的时间等。
(e)解释关系：that is to say , in other words, namely, or rather
常考的逻辑关系有：
Ex.1…_________ Some choose it because of their religious beliefs. Others say it provides more time for the family to be together.They say home offers a better place for learning. Some parents….
A. So a number of parents began home-schooling
B. Home –schooling is not accepted by all the people
C. Parents choose home –schooling for several reasons
D.Most often, their parents are their teachers
several reasons
Ex.2…This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired ._______However,
coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake….
A. So, what’s a good sleep
B. A bedtime drink can also help.
C. Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day.
should help
also help
Ex.3 Taking good notes is a time saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways.__________ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers….
Use words, not complete sentences .
You must write your notes on separate paper.
First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember.
There are three practical note-taking methods.
second
First
Ex.4
It seems urgent, that communications in transport should be improved. ____ All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite.
Communication between human beings should also be kept smooth and polite.
B.Yet this is all too often seen.
C.The public should obey the rules.
also
2015年全国新课标II卷
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. G 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
Ex.5