2023届高考英语专题复习七选五解题技巧课件(共52张PPT)

(共52张PPT)
高考七选五解题技巧
高考大纲对“七选五”的要求
上下文逻辑
Logic of the context
考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）
整体内容
Main idea of the text
结构
Structure of the text
新高考I卷 https://www./opin ion/how-to-live-like-a-parisian-while- you-can/article19161397/
加拿大
《环球邮报》
2021年高考英语七选五试题来源
全国甲卷
47 Things You Can Do for the Environment
书籍选段
全国乙卷
https://www.splendidtable.org/story/2013/06/28/how-to-be-interesting-at-a-dinner-party
小众网站
少于5段或某段较长，可一段两题
一段一题
分布
均匀
段首 主题句或段落小标题(0~2题)
段中 过渡句(2~5题，考查重点)
段末 结论句(0~1题)
设空
位置
选项
特点
主题句能准确概括段落大意
过渡句与段落主旨相关
前后语义衔接，前后连贯
正确
选项
选项排列 7个选项一般由短到长依
次排列
七选五阅读
命题
特点
干扰项
主旨句以偏概全或偏离主题
过渡句与上下句语意不连贯
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2021 新高考卷Ⅰ 记叙文 我和丈夫在巴黎一周的生活 1 4 0
全国乙卷 说明文 如何在宴会上让自己变得有趣 2 2 1
全国甲卷 说明文 服装交换派对 1 4 0
2020 新高考卷Ⅰ 说明文 好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则 1 3 1
全国卷Ⅰ 说明文 几个自我接纳的小技巧 1 3 1
全国卷Ⅱ 说明文 表情符号以及在工作交流时所带来的优势 1 4 0
全国卷Ⅲ 说明文 乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取和名称的由来 2 2 1
七选五阅读
材料特征
主题语境
人与自我
人与社会
人与自然
通常五六段，有时三四段
语篇类型
说明文(常考)
记叙文/议论文(偶尔考)
语篇结构
文章一般无标题，段落标题
或标志有时有
总——分(——总)结构
短文长度 约300词(230~320)
一看结构 各段主题句或小标题的句式结
构相同
代词——弄清指代对象，前后语义
是否连贯
3类同
现 词
5种复现形式 原词复现/近义复现/同
根词复现/上下义复现/结构复现(排比)
二找
词语
与某一主题相关的词可
能同时出现
搭配同现: one...another/
the other; some...others...;
firstly...secondly...
反义同现: ask...answer等
三析逻辑 分析前后句的逻辑关系(总分/顺
承/因果/转折/对比/并列/解释/举例)
七选五阅读
材料特征
解题步骤:
1.快速阅读全文要点词句，了解大意
2.运用恰当方法，边读边做题，先易后难
就近定位
关键词
句间逻辑关系
文章结构
排除法
3.确定选项，标记题号，避免干扰。
4.代入选项，重读文章，再次确定选项。
　
根据问题空格所在位置确定不同的解题策略
01如果空格在段首
02如果空格出现在段中
03如果空格在
段尾
可能是小标题、段落主题句，或者段落过渡句。
认真阅读后文内容，归纳其段落大意，也可查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
起衔接、解释/说明、过渡等作用.这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思，利用词语、结构复现法、代词线索以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。
通常是结论、概括性语句，或建议性句子。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如 therefore, as a result, thus, to sum up, in a word 等，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段首题
主旨句
承上启下句
常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。
空格在段首之小标题
_______
People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease, according to a recent study.
Go for a walk.
Mildly raised glucose levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories
A. This can be especially harmful to the aged
B. It should be something like learning gardening.
C. Focus on the future.
Go for a walk
Focus on the future
解题密码：1.归纳段落大意
2.同构现象
空格在段首之小标题
With the Mid-Autumn Festival coming, the mooncakes are the most talked-about topic. As a must-have traditional sweet during the celebration, a mooncake carries mixed feeling: Some love it because it is so delicious; others hate it because it contains too much fat. Here are four solutions for you to enjoy it without gaining weight.
●Mix with fresh vegetables
Mooncakes contain...
●Drink tea
Green tea can help...
●___4___
Due to high calories a mooncake contains, it is a good choice for breakfast when people need more energy supplyment after a whole night's sleep...
●Eat less and exercise more
...
A. Have a good breakfast.
B. Take mooncakes as breakfast.
小标题
解题密码：1.归纳段落大意
2.寻找关键词
空格在段首之小标题
___________
Today, there are hundreds of different types of rock music, and almost every country has its own form of rock music. There is “heavy metal” which is very loud with hard rhythms, “rap” that developed on the streets of New York, “disco”, a type of soft rock music for dancing... and many more.
A. Rock and roll
B. What today’s rock music is like
C. What popular music is
D. The changes of country music
E. Traditional folk music
F. What country music is
B
解题密码：1.原词复现
2.归纳概括
空格在段首之主题句
_______ When a person does a certain thing again, he is impelled(迫使) by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly; thus a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult , and sometimes impossible, to get rid of .
A. It is very important for us to know why we should get used to good habits.
B. Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed.
C. Whether good or not habits are , they are easy to get rid of .
解题密码：文章结构 总分
空格在段首之主题句
例2. Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesn't mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or the other, you will have to stand up and say---problem, I don't want you in my life.
__1___Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children--- the list goes on. Apart from these, the inner conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shapes and colors and feelings.
C. Of course,we've been fighting problems ever since we were born.
D. We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.
解题密码：1.原词复现
2.联系前后句
空格在段首之主题句
______ The image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us.
Always love yourself.
Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself.
Don’t allow doubts to occur in it .
self-images
Self-image
image
解题密码：同词复现
空格在段首之过渡句
The celebration takes place during the month of April and has existed since April 1996.
A. National Poetry Month is a month-long celebration of poetry.
B. The Academy calls for donations from the public in order to further its mission of bringing more awareness to the art poetry.
C. Poetry readings, workshops, special events, and festivals are held throughout the United States.
The celebration
celebration
解题密码：定冠词
（不是首次出现，空格句定会提到）
空格在段首之过渡句
__________ However, the real movie capital is Mumbai, in India. Mumbai used to be known as Bombay, and so the film industry there is called “Bollywood”
A.Sometimes they even write the script by hand .
B.Most people think that the capital of the movie world is Hollywood, in the United States.
C.They may even shoot scenes for several films on the same day using the same clothes.
However
句间逻辑关系：转折词
空格在段首之过渡句
___ .Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.
A. You must write your notes on separate paper.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
Second
First
空后 句间逻辑关系 并列
标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。标志词语有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转折。标志词语有： but, however, yet, while/though/ although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。
标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。
递进关系
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what's more, what's worse, in addition, as well, not ... but ..., not only ... but also等。
并列关系
概括归纳前面所讲内容。标志词语有：in short , in brief ,generally speaking ,in a word，all in all ...等。
转折关系
因果关系
段中题
例证关系
概括关系
空格在段中解题策略:
词汇复现法
代词、冠词线索法
数字线索法
逻辑关系法
注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。
代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。
句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系.
句子间出现类似的数字，如年代，年龄等。
G．All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
________ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.
TIP1:词义复现
Remember that goals are flexible. 39
E. They can change according to circumstances.
Tips 2:词义复现不仅有原词复现，还有意义复现
例3.（2016年全国I卷)......__40__ However, it is also hard to keep
a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
结构复现
例4. Go for a walk.
In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74
D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.
词语复现
TIP1:词义复现
(2015年全国卷I) ___38___Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
同义复现
不能因为confidence的复现错选B
也不能因为yourself的复现而错选C
警惕“复现陷阱”！！！
注意：词汇复现法还需要结合上下文来印证答案！
TIP1:词义复现
Talk to “trusted adult, such as “parent or other relatives. They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
A. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
B. You need to figure out what the problem is.
C. And don't forget about your friends.
They
your friends
TIP2:代词、冠词线索法
...___ They prepare different presents for the coming festival.
A. People are often busy going shopping.
B. Christmas falls on the twenty-fifty of December.
代词
TIP2:代词、冠词线索法
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. __31__ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. __32__ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England…
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television’s 53rd street studio.
时间状语
C
代词指代
TIP2:代词、冠词线索法
…That happens in the 1980s. And, most recently, she says many kinds of people have joined the movement.________They represent many races,regions and political beliefs.
They are mainly rich people
Parents choose home—schooling for several reasons.
Most often,their parents are their teachers.
She says these include rich people and poor people.
代词指示
TIP2:代词、冠词线索法
Every driver will use less fuel in the car he owns.
The car will automatically speed up,or slow down,to match the speed of the car in front.
And it will not be owned by one individual.
And by 2030,cars will travel in line,linked to each other electronically.
…By 2020,Dr. David Davis believes ,car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road,whatever the weather conditions,by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen._______Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar(牵引杠）to the car in front to form “road—trains”.
数词索引
近义词复现
TIP 3:数字线索法
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. , it is wise to take a day off to rest.
A. After six days
B. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
C. Before you begin your training
,
week
a day
six
空后 标点 数词
TIP 3:数字线索法
1
2
3
4
5
6
解释例证关系
in fact; in other words, or rather, for example, for instance, namely, that is (to say)...
并列递进关系
not only …but also…; for one thing, for another; furthermore ; moreover; what's more; besides; additionally; as well (as), apart from;…
时间顺序关系
first, second, next , then , later, after that, afterwards, eventually, ...
…
因果关系
for, because, since, as, so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, as a result (consequence), consequently, lead to, thanks to…
转折对比关系
but, however, yet, otherwise, by contrast, on the contrary, nevertheless…
TIP 4:逻辑关系法
因果关系
Why is setting goals important _____Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen
A. Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.
B. Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life.
C. By setting goals you are taking control of your life.
Why
Because
19. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work.____38____So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity (清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.
A. This can affect your work.
E. They can change according to circumstances.
因
果
因果关系
用更为明白易懂的话重述或解释前面的信息，常用that is (i.e.), in other words, that means, in fact等或冒号(:)、破折号(—)等标点符号。如：
(2011全国卷) 2. Go for a walk.
Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74
D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you
take care of your brain.
G
词语复现
解释举例
_________
（2016年全国I卷) ___37___ . For example, the first letters of "My elephant eats too many eels" Spell out the hidden message
”Meet me."
B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.
E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word
spell it out.
解释举例
…This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired ._______However,
coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake….
A. So, what’s a good sleep
B. A bedtime drink can also help
C. Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day.
转折关系
转折关系
B 空前句是Trust is…，空后句也是Trust is…，因此，正确选项很可能也是Trust is…,三句并列，构成排比句；浏览各选项，只有选项B符合，其中It指代trust，故选B项。
并列关系
20. (2015年全国Ⅰ卷)Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk…
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
E
三个句子构成排比句式
并列关系
E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
first… second (ly)… third (ly)… (第一……第二……第三……)，first… next… then… (首先……接下来……然后……)等。
(2013全国Ⅰ卷 )One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production, sales, the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies, and accounting. 74
The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments.
E
顺序关系
Taking good notes is a time saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways.__________ Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers….
顺序关系
Use words, not complete sentences .
You must write your notes on separate paper.
First,the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember.
There are three practical note-taking methods.
Second
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段尾题
总结句
承上启下句
用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
如果空格在段尾
通常是起到承上启下的作用，会有一些明显的表达：Here are.../ The following are...
1）首段段尾
通常会是结论、概括性语句，或建议性句子等，也可以是对前文的补充说明。
2）其它段尾句
Minor Cold(Chinese:Xiao Han),the 23rd solar term in Chinese tradition begins this year on January 5 and ends on 19. During Minor Cold, most areas in China have entered the bitter cold stage of winter. Also, there are some interesting things about this tradition._______
Eating hot food...
Eating Huangyacai...
Eating sticky rice...
Eating vegetable rice...
D.Here are some introductions about the food in some areas in China.
如果空格在段尾
例2：Green tea can help quicken sugar metabolism(新陈代谢），which is a perfect match with the mooncakes.The water temperature for green tea should be under 70℃, otherwise the heat will damage the Vitamin C that tea leaves contain. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, green tea is cold-natured.(性寒）_______
D.Therefore those with a weak stomach should not drink too much.
结论-建议性句子
如果空格在段尾
Nowadays in China, parents care about their children’s education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching(训练) their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools.____.
It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children.
Skills and knowledge means competition.
Skills and knowledge doesn’t mean all.
结论：总-分-总
如果空格在段尾
Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. ________
A. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.
B. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood.
C. On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious.
are around
Surround
对比得出总结、相似词复现
如果空格在段尾
Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses． 1
A．In that case, they would live much healthier.
B．Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.
C．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.
sicknesses
sicknesses
补充说明
词汇复现
如果空格在段尾
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a text-book or doing research for a report.__________
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
also
句间逻辑关系 递进
如果空格在段尾
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. _______.
A. Making new friends comes easy for some people.
B. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
C. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
So
句间逻辑关系 因果
Summary:“七选五”解题方法
1.看文章结构 段首：____________
段中：____________
段尾：____________
2.找关键词
3.看逻辑关系
主题句、小标题、过渡句
承上启下
结论、总结、建议
注意：一切技巧的使用都建立在明确文章主题，结构和逻辑的基础之上使用。脱离开这些, 技巧就会变得僵化片面了，所以任何脱离文章本身的方法技巧都只能治标而不能治本。
原词复现；同义复现；结构复现；代词等
因果关系；转折关系；并列关系等
谢
谢
观
看