2023届高三英语二轮复习之名词性从句课件(共54张PPT)

(共54张PPT)
名词性从句
2023届一轮复习
定语从句
状语从句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
基础巩固
什么叫名词
什么叫名词性从句
名词功能
I know the truth.
I know that he is writing his composition in his room.
表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语、状语。
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。
名词性从句的分类
主语从句在句中做------ 宾语从句在句中做------
表语从句在句中做------ 同位语从句在句中-----
主语
宾语
表语
同位语
1. That he will come is certain.
2. I know that he will come.
3. The truth is that I have been there.
4. The fact that she was late surprised us.
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
名词性从句的分类
小试牛刀
1. I don't know if I can do it.
2. What he is doing seems very difficult.
3. The important thing is how we can improve our studies.
4. Mr. Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people.
5. That's what you are going to do first.
6. I was surprised at what he said.
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
宾语从句
均为陈述语序
1
2
3
that（无含义，不作成分）
whether/if
（“是否”，不作成份）
连接词
（有含义，充当成分）
名词性从句引导词
if只引导宾语从句和后置的主语从句
连接代词（主宾表定）
连接副词（状语）
that除引导宾从可以省略，其余均不可省略
连接代词&连接副词
连接副词（7个）：when、 why、where、 how、whenever、wherever、 however
连接词
连接代词 （9个）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever 、whomever、 whatever、 whichever
名词性从句引导词
1． breaks school rules will be punished.
2．After five months’ hard work, they got ________ they had dreamed of.
3．Father made a promise ________ if I passed the exam he would buy me a bike.
4．It was true ________ what she did delighted every one of us.
Whoever
what
that
that
小试牛刀
名词性从句引导词
5．It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
6．________ you can succeed in the end will mainly depend on ________ you do and ________ you do it.
7．________ and ________ the wedding ceremony will be held hasn’t been decided yet.
whether
Whether
what
how
When
小试牛刀
where
知识探究
引导词
位置
主谓一致
主语
从句
01
1．That he hasn’t been doing his best recently is obvious to us all.
2．Whether he will come here is not easy to say.
3. _____________ is more practice.（我们所需要的）
4. ___________________________ is under discussion.(会议将什么时候开始)
What we need
When we will begin the meeting
主语从句（引导词）
主语在句首，主语从句一般在句首
How Egyptians moved huge stones and built the pyramids remains a secret .
主语从句（位置）
后置
It
remains a secret
how Egyptians moved huge stones and built the pyramids.
固定句型
主语从句（位置）
1. ________ is probable that he told her everything.
2. It is uncertain _______side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
3.It is no surprise ______ our team has won the game.
There is no wonder that our team has won the game.
4.It is _____(decide) that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
It
what
that
decided
It +be+adj.+从句
（necessary, likely, clear, important, right, certain....)
3. It +be+过去分词+从句（said, believed, reported, thought, known, expected, decided, announced....)
It
2. It +be+n./np+从句
（a shame, a pity, no wonder, good news, no surprise....)
主语从句（位置）
It doesn't matter _______you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
It never occurred to me ________ she could complete the task in such a short time.
________ appears _____the report must be true.
A. That; it B. It, that; C. It; it D. That; that
whether
that
4. It +特殊动词/动词短语（不及物动词）+从句（seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur...)
B
主语从句（主谓一致）
That he won the competition ________ (spread) all over the school.
What he said ______ false.
What I want to know _____ the truth.
What he needs _____ friends.
spreads
is
is
are
名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。但what引导主语从句时，若表语为单数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数；若表语为可数名词复数，则谓语动词常用复数。
主语从句（主谓一致）
Where the man will be and what achievement the man will gain (be) unsure.
When and where the wedding ceremony will be held
（have）not been decided yet.
are
has
名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。但要特别注意“and”这个并列连词，如果连接两个并列的主语从句，谓语动词用复数，如果连接的是同一件事的不同方面则用单数。
引导词
动宾&介宾&真宾
时态
宾语
从句
02
that
whether/if
02
宾语从句（引导词）
宾语从句：that的省略
The doctor told me (that) I should take more water and that things would get better very soon.
注意：一般说来引导宾语从句的that可以省略。如果有多个that引导的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，其他一般不省略。
02
宾语从句（引导词）
宾语从句：whether&if
① 宾语从句置于句首。
Whether they will join in the picnic， I don’t care.
② 宾语从句位于介词后。
We are talking about whether we can get the chance.
02
宾语从句（引导词）
宾语从句：whether&if
③与or not连用时。
He doesn’t know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.
④与不定式连用。
I don't know whether to go there.
02
宾语从句（引导词）
宾语从句：whether&if
⑤当使用if容易产生歧义时。
Could you tell me if you know the answer
注意：当宾语从句为否定句时，只能用if。
He asked me if I hadn’t help his brother.
02
宾语从句（引导词）
宾语从句：doubt 后的宾从
I doubt _________he is telling the truth.
We never doubt _________ the plan will be carried out .
Does he doubt _________ you are from Austria
I’m doubtful _________ he will agree to this.
if / whether
that
that
if / whether
肯定句中用 if / whether
否定句中用 that
疑定句中用 that
02
宾语从句（动宾&介宾&真宾）
2022/11/19
The man stood still, except _____ his lips parted slightly.
She is not satisfied with ____ she has achieved.
3. Mary always thinks of ____ she can do more for the class.
4. He wrote a letter of thanks to ______ helped him. (任何一个)
5. It depends on if we have enough time.
that
what
how
whoever
whether we have enough time.
宾语从句可以做介词的宾语，但通常不能是that引导的，除“except，besides,but,beyond,in等”
注意：介词后面不用 if
02
宾语从句（动宾&介宾&真宾）
We consider her suitable for the job.
I consider .
I consider
宾语
宾补
it不能漏
从句后移
that we should learn English well
necessary
it
6123
Conclusion1:
动词find/feel/think/make/consider/believe…+it+adj./n.+宾语从句
02
宾语从句（动宾&介宾&真宾）
1. I would appreciate __ very much if you would help me with it.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
2. You can depend on__ that everything will be ready in time.
A. this B .that C . one D . it
√
√
Conclusion2:某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate等 后往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接宾语从句.
Conclusion3:某些含有介词的动词短语如
see to(注意), answer for, rely on, depend on, insist on, stick to 等结构中往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.
02
宾语从句（时态）
He says that Lily is(will be/ was) a doctor.
I want to tell you what I am doing (did/shall do).
（1）当主句是现在的某种时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态。
I thought he was old.
He said that he had finished reading the book.
I wasn’t sure if it would rain.
The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth.
（2）当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式（客观事实真理除外）。
02
宾语从句（时态）
He says that he _______ (study) at school from Monday to Friday.
I know that she didn’t tell you that she ______ (go) to America next month.
He is telling us what _______ (happen) to him during our absence.
As a child, I was told that the moon ______( have) no light of its own. I didn’t believe it.
The boy said that there _____ (be) no classes on Sunday afternoon.
My Chinese teacher asked me if I ________ (read) the book Black and White when he came in.
studies
would go
happened
has
were
was reading
引导词
系动词
特殊引导词
表语
从句
03
03
表语从句（系动词）
常见的系动词有：
be动词（am，is，are）
感官动词（feel，look，smell，sound，taste，seem）
“变得”类系动词（get，become，turn，grow）
“保持”类系动词（keep，stay，remain）
03
表语从句（特殊引导词）
1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.
2. The question is whether we can finish the experiment by Friday.
实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略
问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用 if
系动词后面
03
表语从句（特殊引导词）
This is where Lu Xun once lived.
That was how they won the match.
This is why she got up so early this morning.
这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.
他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.
这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.
固定句型:
This is where…
This is why …
This is how….
这就是…的地方
这就是…的原因
这就是…的方法
03
表语从句（特殊引导词）
1. It looks as if it were going to rain.
好象看上去要下雨似的. (其实不会)
as if /as though从句常表示不真实的情况
She talks as if /as though she had been there before . 她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的.
又比如:
She closed the door as if /as though she would never come back. 她关上门似乎将永不回来。
再比如:
03
表语从句（作文好句）
1. That is because…
2. That is why…
3. The reason is that…
原因
结果
原因
03
表语从句（作文好句）
1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show
last week. That is _____ I had a few
days off.
2. --- The project was turned down.
--- Is that ________ we lack money
3.Tom didn’t go to school today. The reason was ______ he fell ill.
that
why
because
引导词
抽象名词
同位语
从句
04
同位语从句&定语从句
04
同位语从句（引导词&抽象名词）
The fact that the transport of the goods cost too much was not discussed.
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
The problem who will be sent to work there hasn’t been solved.
I have no idea why he is always late for school.
跟在某些抽象名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。
常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion，suggestion, order, demand, wish等。
04
同位语从句（VS 定语从句）
1
从句功能不同
定语从句：修饰限制；
同位语从句：补充说明抽象名词的具体内容
2
先行词的区别
同位语从句：先行词大多是抽象名词；
定语从句：先行词可以是任何名词/代词。
3
引导词的区别
引导词不同：
引导词的功能不同：
判断:定语从句or同位语从句
1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.
4.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.
(定语从句)
(同位语从句)
(同位语从句)
(定语从句)
1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.
2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.
定语从句
同位语从句
3. 连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当从句宾语时可以省略。
区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：
1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等。
2. 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“…的”。
考点突破
考点突破1
wh~ or wh~ever
1. She will give ________ needs help warm support.
(She will give anyone _____ needs help warm support.)
2. I can judge by _____ I know of him.
（I can judge by the thing _____ I know of him.）
3. You can write about _________ topic you prefer.
(You can write about any topic _____ you prefer.)
4. There are several topics about women of achievement. You can write about _________ topic you prefer.
whoever
who
what
that
whatever
that
whichever
conclusion:
连接词what、which、who分别表示 “……的事情/样子/东西”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而~ever意为“无论……”,强调一切情况。
whatever=anything that；whoever=anyone who
考点突破2
what or that
1._______ makes the book so extraordinary is the
creative imagination of the writer.(13北京)
2. It suddenly occurred to him _______ he had left his
keys in the office.(12江西)
3.________ struck me most in the movie was the father’s
deep love for his son.(13重庆)
Conclusion: what在从句中要充当句子成分；
that不作任何成分,只起语法连接作用
What
that
What
考点突破3
what or which
1.The city is no longer it used to be.
2. I want to know you did yesterday morning.
3.There are so many reference books in our school library,
but I don’t know book you want to borrow.
Conclusion: what用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合；
which用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合
What
What
which
考点突破4
考点突破5
练习：改错
1. (2016全国Ⅰ卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
2. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
3. (2015全国Ⅱ卷)He turned around and found where his parents were missing.
4 (2012全国Ⅰ卷) For a while, my parents bought me new toys. But before long, they began to see which was happening.
5. (2009全国课标卷)No lectures this morning so I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going .
where
what
that
what
how
Thank you!