外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature重点语法专练（PDF版含答案）

Unit 5 单元重点语法专项练习
过去完成时
一、单项选择
1．Linda couldn’t have answered the question so easily if she ________ a few books on world history before
hand.
A．hadn’t read B．hasn’t read C．wouldn’t have read D．didn’t read
2．If only I ________ an umbrella last night! I was wet through.
A．took B．should take C．had taken D．take
3．Quan Hongchan also shared how she ______ her win. She said, “I want to eat a lot of delicious food tonight!”
A．is going to celebrate B．had celebrated
C．would celebrate D．celebrates
4．—________you ________in your homework in the morning
—Yes, I ________ it in before the teacher came.
A．Have… Handed; handed B．Did.… hand; have handed
C．Have… handed; had handed D．Did … hand; had handed
5．It was the first time that I ________online in English.
A．chatted B．was chatting C．has chatted D．had chatted
6．It was two years since I ________with her.
A．had dined B．was dining C．dined D．had been dining
7．Hardly ________ out of the house________ it began to rain.
A．I had got, when B．had I got, when
C．I have got, as D．have I got, as
8．The old man insisted that I ______ his wallet.
A．has taken B．took C．should take D．had taken
9．We didn’t catch the right bus. When we got to the station, the train ______.
A．left B．is leaving C．had left D．have left
10．I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
A．had hoped B．have hoped C．hope D．am hoping
11．Was this the first time that you ________ Hong Kong
A．have visited B．have been visited
C．had visited D．have been visiting
12．Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____ when he arrived at the party.
A．had left B．left C．had been left D．leave
13．Originally ________ with temperature, by the 16th century, the term “cool” ________ to describe an internal
state of calm.
A．associating; evolved B．associated; had evolved
C．associated; evolved D．associating; had evolved
14．No sooner ________ the pillow than he fell asleep.
A．did his head touch B．had his head touched
C．his head had touched D．his head touched
15．He ________that he would be given a chance to turn on a new leaf, but the boss rejected him.
A．thinks B．thought C．has thought D．had thought
16．________ could be judged from her eyes, she was terribly sorry for what she ________.
A．As; had done B．That; did C．As; did D．It; had done
17．By the end of 2020, about half a million people________into the city,making up around 10 percent of its total
population.
A．flooded B．have flooded C．had flooded D．will flood
18．---Can he get the first prize for running in this sports meeting
---Impossible now. He________ to do so, but he hurt his leg yesterday.
A．is expected B．had been expected C．was expected D．would expect
19．At first, many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, _______ from lower forms of
life.
A．evolved B．has evolved C．was evolving D．had evolved
20．Everybody________ before she got to the station.
A．has left B．had left C．left D．would left
21．—________ Tom at the party
—No.He ________ by the time I arrived.
A．Have you seen; was to leave B．Did you see; had left
C．Did you see; should have left D．Have you seen; left
22．The young man, when questioned why he ______ the mobile phone, just looked at the policeman and said
nothing.
A．had stolen B．stole C．steals D．was stealing
23．________, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began
filling our table with the best food we ________.
A．Tiring, had eaten B．Tiring, haven’t eaten
C．Tired, had eaten D．Tired, didn’t eat
24．By the end of last term, we ________ 2000 English words.
A．have learnt B．had learnt C．learnt D．would learn
25．Bill________ to retire at 60, but his colleagues persuaded him to stay on for a few more years.
A．would expect B．has expected C．expected D．had expected
26．Mr. Green asked Lily whether she had passed the exam________.
A．yesterday B．the day before C．the day ago D．before the day
27．—Were you surprised by the ending of the film
—No, I________ the book, so I already knew the story
A．was reading B．had read C．am reading D．have read
28．He went to the airport to pick up his wife, but she ______ before his arrival.
A．left B．has left C．had left D．was leaving
29．It was the third time that she ________ to this mountain village to see the children.
A．comes B．came C．has come D．had come
30．The total number of people in China living with HIV and AIDS ________ 820,756 by the end of June, 2018,
according to officials at a national conference.
A．reached B．has reached C．had reached D．reaches
31．It ________ the second time that I ________ this movie.
A．is; had seen B．was; had seen C．was; have seen D．is; saw
32．He talks about Roman as if he ________ there before.
A．had been B．was C．were D．has been
33．No sooner ______ the thief stolen out of the store ______ he was caught by the collar.
A．did; when B．had; then C．had; suddenly D．had; than
34．Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ________ my bank in the cafe.
A．have left B．had left C．would leave D．was leaving
35．By the end of last month, Jane________enough money for the poor sick boy.
A．raised B．would raise C．had raised D．has raised
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
36．We finished later than we________(intend).
37．Not until he told me the truth did I realize what _____________(happen).
38．No sooner _________he ________(arrive) home than it began to rain.
39．Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________(follow) your advice.
40．How I wish I ________(buy) that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.
41．—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’ house
—Not really. She ________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
42．The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous because she _______(fly) before.
43．I ________(mean)to see you off, but I was delayed by the jam.
44．It was the second time that I ______(visit) the Eiffel Tower.
45．Mr Brown __________(live) in the south for seven years before he came here.
46．When he ________ （finish） his lunch, he asked for a glass of water.
47．This was the first time they _________ (come) to your hometown.
48．John decided to go back to work now that he _____ (get) well.
49．I didn't go to see the film last week because I___________（see）it twice.
50．I ________(intend) to clarify their misunderstanding about me, but I failed.
51．By the end of last week, we ___________(drill) this well for a year and a half.
52．I_____________(intend) to come, but was prevented by the bad weather.
53．I didn’t meet him. He________ when I got there. (leave)
54．Susan ________ (quit) her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited
her last year.
55．Marx__________（intend）to write a book on dialectics, but he didn't have enough time to do it.
56．If he ________(be) addicted to the cellphone when walking, he wouldn’t have gotten hit by a car.
57．I’d ________(skip)nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists…
58．David was blamed by his parents because he ________ (purchase) an expensive mountain bike without their
permission.
59．We were astonished to know that the Smiths ________（adopt）five children from other countries.
60．I ________（expect）to see you, but you didn’t show up.
61．He told me that it was the first time that he ________（earn）money on his own.
62．（2022 年江苏常州三模）It was the ninth time that the team________ (win) the championship.
63．He wanted to be over the line of the ridge before the sun ________ (rise).
64．It was the first time that Ally ________ (see) a warbler in person.
65．By the end of last year, China________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.
66．When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I________(not see) for years.
67．I ________ that I could do the job. ( hope)
68．I had __________ my work when he came to see me. (finish)
69．By the time his father came back from abroad, he _________ (graduate) from the university
70．Mary was pleased to see the seeds that she ________ (plant) in the garden coming out.
71．He ________ (serve) in the army for ten years; then he retired and married.
72．The news came as no surprise to me. I ________ (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut
down.
73．When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He ________(see) her before.
74．He told me that he ________ (visit) the Great Wall the year before.
75．Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________(follow) your advice!
76．We ________(hope) to come and see you, but we were too busy.
77．Tom wishes that he _____(study) law instead of history when he was in university.
78．By the time Dale was a senior, he _________ (win) every top honor in speech.
79．For eight years she _____ (fight) against cancer, but in the end she was taken away by the illness.
80．The phone was ringing, but by the time she got indoors, it ________（stop）.
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果琳达没有预先读过几本关于世界历史的书，她就不能这么轻易地回答
这个问题了。由句意和上文的 couldn't have answered 可知，此处是 if 引导的非真实条件句，表示与过去事
实相反，从句用过去完成时。故选 A。
2．C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我昨晚带把伞就好了!我全身都湿透了。If only 表示“要是……就好
了”，这里表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时，因此空格处是 had taken，故选 C。
3．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：权红婵也分享了她是如何庆祝胜利的。她说：“今晚我要吃很多美味的食物!”此
处主句为一般过去时，从句表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。故选 B。
4．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你早上交作业了吗？——是的，在老师来之前我就交上去了。第一句中根
据后文“in the morning”可知为过去的动作应用一般过去时；第二句根据后文“before the teacher came”可知表
示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故选 D。
5．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：这是我第一次在网上英语聊天。固定句式：It was the first time that+ 句子，意
为“是某人第一次做某事”，that 从句要用过去完成时。结合选项，故选 D。
6．A
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：我已经有两年没有和她一起吃过饭了。“it was+时间段+since+过去完成
时”是固定句型，表示“自从……到(过去的)某个时刻已经多久了”，句中“I had dined with her”发生在“It was two
years”之前，是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。故选 A。
7．B
【详解】考查时态及倒装。句意：我刚走出屋子，天就开始下雨了。hardly ...when...刚……就……，表示
一件事紧接着一件事发生。when 引导时间状语从句时，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。hardly 置
于句首时，助动词 had 要放在主句的主语前。故选 B。
8．D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：
这位老人坚持认为是我拿走了他的钱包。根据句意可知，insist 此处表示“坚持说；坚持认为”，其后的宾
语从句应用陈述语气，且动词“拿走”发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，所以 D 正确；当 insist 表示“坚
决主张；坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”，此处不是虚拟语气。故选
D。
9．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们没有赶上正确的公共汽车。当我们到达车站时，火车已经开走了。leave 动
作发生在 got to (一般过去时)之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选 C 项。
10．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：我本想送一份礼物给彼得，祝贺他结婚，但我没有送。hope 发生在 couldn’t manage
之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，had hoped “本希望做某事”。故选 A 项。
11．C
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这是你第一次来香港吗？ “It /This is/was the first time＋that 从句”是个特殊
结构，主句为一般现在时，that 从句中用现在完成时；主句为一般过去时，that 从句中用过去完成时。you
与 visit 是主动关系，故选 C 项。
12．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：汤姆到达晚会时，大多数客人都走了，这使他很失望。根据句意及句子结构，
设空处是 that 从句的谓语动词，arrive（到达）在 when 引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，时态为一般过去时，
leave（离开）发生在 arrive（到达）之前，即“过去的过去”，要用过去完成时态，客人离开，表示主动。
故选 A。
13．B
【详解】考查非谓语动词和过去完成时。句意：“cool”一词最初与温度有关，到 16 世纪时，“cool”一词已
演变成形容一种内在的平静状态。分析句子结构可知，第一个空格处考查动词短语 be associated with，而
且应该填非谓语动词，所以去掉 be 动词；第二个空各处考查时态，因为有时间状语 by the 16th century，
所以用过去完成时。故选 B 项。
14．B
【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：他的头一碰到枕头就睡着了。no sooner…than…句型放在句首时要
部分倒装，且主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。故选 B。
15．D
【详解】考查谓语时态。句意：他本以为会被给个机会打开新的一页，但是老板拒绝了他。根据“he would
be given a chance to turn on a new leaf, but the boss rejected him”可知，这里要用过去完成时表示“本以为”的
意思。故选 D。
16．A
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句意：从她的眼神可以判断，她为自己所做的事感到非常抱歉。根据句意
和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，从句位于主句之前，先行词为“她为自己所做的事感到非常
抱歉”这件事，由此可知，应用关系代词“as”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写，主句中为“what”引导的从句
作“for”的宾语，主句动作为一般过去时，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，即“做”的动作发生在“感到非常抱
歉”的动作之前，故应用过去完成时，故空格二应填“had done”。故选 A 项。
17．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：到 2020 年底为止，大约 50 万人涌入该市，约占总人口的 10%。A. flooded 涌
入（一般过去时）；B. have flooded 已经涌入（现在完成时）；C. had flooded 已经涌入（过去完成时）；D. will
flood 将要涌入（一般将来时）。句中出现 by the end of，表示“到……为止”， 2020 年是过去的时间，表示
从之前的某个时间点开始到过去的某个时间结束为止，句子应用过去完成时。故选 C 项。
18．B
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意:在这次运动会上他能获得跑步第一名吗？现在不可能。他本来应该会，但
他昨天伤了腿。A:is expected 被预料的;B: had been expected 被预料的; C:was expected 被预料的; D:would
expected 将会预料的。had expected 表达原先想(要)做某亊,但实际上没有做成，故主句应为 had+过去分词，
主语 he 和谓语 expect 之间是被动关系。故选 B。
19．D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：起初，许多人不相信生物，包括人类，是从低等生物进化而来的。该句是
复合句，含 that 引导的宾语从句；主句是一般过去时，从句动作先于主语动作，所以用过去完成时。故选
D。
20．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：在她到达车站之前，每个人都已经离开了。根据后文可知，leave 发生在“到达
车站”之前，即“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故选 B。
21．B
【详解】考查时态和一般疑问句，句意：—你在派对上看到 Tom 了吗？—没看到，我到之前他就离开了。
此处是对过去的事情进行提问，应用一般过去时，did 位于句首。根据 by the time I arrived，表示我到达之
前，此处表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故选 B 项。
22．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：当被问到为什么偷手机时，年轻人只是看着警察，什么也没说。why 引导宾语
从句缺乏谓语，从句谓语动词 steal 发生在主句谓语 looked at and said 之前，即“过去的过去”，steal 用过去
完成时。故选 A 项。
23．C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析及时态。句意：我们又累又饿，也不懂中文，不知道怎么点菜，所以厨师就
开始在我们的桌子上摆满我们吃过的最好的食物。tired (疲倦的)，tiring (累人的)，修饰形容人，常用-ed 结
尾形容词，修饰物，常用-ing 结尾形容词，此处说明主语 we 的状态，应用-ed 结尾形容词 tired，作状语；
先行词 the best food 后接省略关系词的定语从句 we ________，定语从句缺乏谓语，从句谓语 eat 发生在主
句谓语 began 之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故选 C 项。
24．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：到上学期末，我们已经学了 2000 个英语单词。根据句中 By the end of last term
可知，此处指截至到上学期末，指“过去之过去”，所以空白处的时态用过去完成时。故选 B。
25．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：比尔原打算 60 岁退休，但他的同事说服他再呆几年。设空处为谓语，根据下
文的 persuaded 可推知发生在“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故选 D。
26．B
【详解】考查时态，句意：格林先生问莉莉前一天她是否通过了考试。yesterday 和一般过去时连用；before
用在完成时态中，但是“前天”应表达成 the day before (yesterday)。本句中主句的谓语为 asked，所以表示过
去问；宾语从句使用了过去完成时 had passed，所以时间状语应为表示“过去之过去”，选项 B 符合题意，
故选 B。
27．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：—你对电影的结局感到惊讶吗 —不，我读过这本书，所以我已经知道这个故
事了。由 I already knew the story 可知，说话人已经看过那本书，knew 是过去式，因此“看书”这个动作发
生在过去的过去，时态用过去完成时，即 had done，故选 B。
28．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：他去机场接妻子，但她在他到达之前就走了。根据后文 before his arrival 可知表
示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故选 C。
29．D
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：这是她第三次到这个山村来看孩子们。it was the +序数词+ time that sb. had
done sth.是固定句型，意为“这是某人第几次做某事”，因此空格处为过去完成时 had come，故选 D。
30．C
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：在一次全国会议上，有关官员表示，截至 2018 年 6 月底，我国艾滋病
病毒感染者和艾滋病患者总数已达 820756 人。根据“by the end of June,
2018”可知，此处应用过去完成时。故选 C。
31．B
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：这是我第二次看这部电影。固定句型 It is/was +the 序数词 time that sb. has/had
done sth. 译为“这是某人第几次做某事”。若 It 后使用 is，则使用现在完成时；若 It 后使用 was，则使用过
去完成时。故选 B。
32．A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他说起罗马，好像他以前去过似的。此处是 as if 引导的方式状语从句，根
据 before 可知，此处表示与过去的事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时。故选 A。
33．D
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：在小偷从商店刚一出来就被抓住了衣领。根据 no sooner......than......（一...
就...)可知，当 no sooner 置于句首时，要用倒装，谓语用过去完成时，构成：No sooner +had +主语+done +than+
一般过去时。因此选 D.
34．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我到达学校门口时，我意识到我把银行忘在了咖啡馆里。A. 现在完成
时；B. 过去完成时；C. 过去将来时；D. 过去进行时。根据句意可知“I _____ my bank in the cafe.”发生在“I
realized”之前，应使用过去完成时态。故选 B 项。
35．C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到上个月底为止，简已经为那个可怜的生病的男孩筹到了足够的钱。根据
上文 By the end of last month 可知表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故选 C。
36．had intended
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们比预期的完成的晚。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查比较句的谓语动
词，从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前，所以用过去完成时。故填 had intended。
37．had happened
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：直到他告诉我真相，我才意识到发生了什么事。分析句子可知，设空处在
句中作谓语动词，结合前面的谓语动词时态可知，“告诉”和“意识到”都是发生在过去的事，而事情的“发生”
是在“告诉”之前，属于过去的过去，故设空处应用过去完成时 had done 结构。故填 had happened。
38． had arrived
【详解】考查时态。句意：他一到家就开始下雨了。句型 no sooner had sb. done than...表示“一……
就……”，应用过去完成时，且构成部分倒装。故填①had；②arrived。
39．had followed
【详解】考查 if only 句型中的虚拟语气。句意：看看我惹的麻烦！要是我听了你的建议就好了。根据句意
可知，“我没听你的建议”是过去的事；所以 if only 后边从句的内容表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语
动词应该用 had done。故填 had followed。
40．had bought
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望那件裙子在有货的时候我就把它买了！呃！我每次都很后悔。
I wish that…从句与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。故答案是 had bought。
41．had given
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你很难找到安的家吗？-不是的。她给了我们明确的指示，我们很容易就能
找到它。结合语境“give us clear directions”发生在“were able to find it”之前，也就是过去的过去，应用过去
完成时。故答案是 had given。
42．had not flown##hadn’t flown
【详解】考查时态。句意：飞机上坐在我旁边的那个年轻女孩非常紧张，因为她以前没坐过飞机。空处为
原因状语从句的谓语，此处用于参照的时间为 was nervous，为一般过去时，由此可知，她“没有坐过飞机”
应是“过去的过去”，时态应用过去完成时，否定形式，故填 had not flown/hadn’t flown。
43．had meant
【详解】考查时态。句意：我本想给你送行，但因塞车耽搁了。mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，根据“but
I was delayed by the jam”可知，mean 这一动作发生在过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。故填 had meant。
44．had visited
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是我第二次参观埃菲尔铁塔。固定句型：It was the+序数词+time
that+sb. had done sth.“这是某人第几次做某事”。故填 had visited。
45．had lived
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：布朗先生来这里之前已经在南方住了七年了。分析句子，设空处应该使
用动词作谓语。根据空后的 before he came here 可知，该动作发生于过去的过去，故使用过去完成时。故
填 had lived。
46．had finished
【详解】考查动词。句意：他吃完午饭后，要了一杯水。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语，此处表
示的是动作发生在 asked 之前，即表示动作发生在过去的过去。故应该使用过去完成时。故填 had
finished。
47．had come
【详解】考查动词。句意：这是他们第一次来你的家乡。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语。句中 this
was the first time that+过去完成时为固定句型，此处表示的是动作发生在过去的过去。故填 had come。
48．had got
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：约翰既然病好了，就决定回去工作。根据“John decided to go back to
work”可知，此处是讲过去发生的事情。病情恢复发生在决定回去工作之前，所以从句中应用过去完成时。
故填 had got。
49．had seen
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上周我没去看这部电影，因为我已经看了两遍了。分析句子可知，该句主
句为一般过去时，从句根据句意可知，动作为过去的过去，即过去完成时。故填 had seen。
50．had intended
【详解】考查时态。句意：我本想澄清他们对我的误解，但我失败了。failed 时态为一般过去时，谓语动
词 intend 发生在 failed 之前，过去的过去，intend 用过去完成时，表示以前有所计划，但未能实现。故填 had
intended。
51．had drilled
【详解】考查时态。句意：到上周末为止，我们钻这口井已经一年半了。分析句子可知，提示词是句中谓
语动词，与主语 we 之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“By the end of last week (到上周末为止)”可知，讲述“过
去的过去”发生的事情，应用过去完成时态。故填 had drilled。
52．had intended
【详解】考查时态。句意：我本来打算来的，但因天气不好而受阻。谓语动词 intend 发生在 was prevented
(时态为一般过去时)之前，过去的过去，intend 用过去完成时，表示以前有所计划，但未能实现。故填 had
intended。
53．had left
【详解】考查时态。句意：我没有遇见他。我到那儿的时候他已经离开了。根据“I didn’t meet him”可知，
他离开发生在“我”到达之前，是指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件，所以应用过去完成时。故
填 had left。
54．had quit
【详解】考查时态。句意：去年我去拜访苏珊的时候，她已经辞去了收入丰厚的工作，在街区做志愿者。
when 引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，设空处的动词 quit 发生在从句动作 visited 之前，故设空处
应用过去完成时。quit 与逻辑主语 Susan 之间为主谓关系，应用过去完成时的主动语态。故填 had quit。
55．had intended
【详解】考查时态。句意：马克思本打算写一本关于辩证法的书，但他没有足够的时间去写。根据“but he
didn't have enough time to do it” 可知，此处指“马克思本打算写一本关于辩证法的书”，故用过去完成时 had
intended to do，强调这一动作先于“didn't have enough time to do it”发生。故填 had intended。
56．hadn’t been
【详解】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：如果他走路时不沉迷于手机，他就不会被车撞了。由“wouldn’t have
gotten”和句意可知，句子是虚拟语气，是对过去情况的虚拟，从句中时态用过去完成时，根据句意可知，
空格处表示“没有”，因此空格处是 hadn’t been，故填 hadn’t been。
57．skipped
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我跳过了附近的桂林，那是游客梦寐以求的地方……根据空前的 had 可知
此处应填过去分词的形式，had skipped 作谓语动词。故填 skipped。
58．had purchased
【详解】考查时态。句意：大卫受到父母的责备，因为他未经父母允许购买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车。分
析句子可知，空处为“because”引导的原因状语从句的谓语动词，根据句中“was blamed by”可知，主句为一
般过去时，“购买”的动作发生在“责备”的动作之前，故从句应用过去完成时，谓语动词为“had done”，
“purchase”意为“购买”，动词词性，过去分词为“purchased”，故空格处应填“had purchased”。故填 had
purchased。
59．had adopted
【详解】考查时态。句意：得知史密斯一家从其他国家领养了五个孩子，我们感到惊讶。分析句子可知，
此空应填谓语动词，由前文 were astonished 以及结合句意可知，这里应用过去完成时，且 adopt 与主语 the
Smiths 是主动关系。故填 had adopted。
60．had expected
【详解】考查动词。句意：我原以为会见到你，但你没有出现。由动词 expect“期望”以及转折句中的 didn’t
可知，此处为对过去事实的虚拟语气，为 had done 结构。故填 had expected。
61．had earned
【详解】考查时态。句意：他告诉我这是他第一次自己挣钱。分析句子可知，本句为 it was the first time that+
过去完成时。故填 had earned。
62．had won
【详解】考查固定句型。句意： 这是该队第九次赢得冠军。it is/was the+序数词+time+that+句子，表示“第
几次做……”，主句用 is，从句用现在完成时；主句用 was，从句用过去完成时，所以此处应用过去完成时，
在 that 从句中主语 the team 和动词 win 是主动关系，故填 had won。
63．had risen
【详解】考查时态。句意：他想在太阳升起之前越过山脊线。从句 rise 此动作发生在主句谓语 wanted 动作
之前，主句一般过去时，此处为过去的过去，从句谓语动词 rise 用过去完成时。故填 had risen。
64．had seen
【详解】考查时态。句意：这是艾丽第一次亲眼见到莺。It was the first time that…为固定句型，表示“某人
第……次做某事”，that 从句中使用过去完成时。故填 had seen。
65．had made
【详解】考查时态。句意：到去年年底，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大成就。题干中的时间状语是
by the end of last year，表示动作“截止到去年年底”，故所填谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填 had made。
66．hadn’t seen
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：走在街上的时候，我偶然遇到了戴维，我已经多年没见他了。分析句子结
构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词；主语 I 与动词 see 之间是主动关系，故应使用主动语态，且“多年未见”这
一动作发生在“偶然遇到”之前，即“过去的过去”，故使用过去完成时。故填 hadn’t seen。
67．had hoped
【详解】考查时态。句意：我希望我能胜任这份工作。 固定搭配 had hoped that… 表示未曾实现的愿望、
打算和意图。故填 had hoped。
68．finished
【详解】考查时态。句意：当他来看我的时候，我已经完成了工作。主句动作发生在从句过去动作 came
之前，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填 finished。
69．had graduated
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当他父亲从国外回来时，这个男孩已经大学毕业了。分析句子结构可知，
设空处应填动词作谓语，by the time“到……的时候”其后接句子时，如果句子谓语动词用一般过去时，那么
主句谓语动词动作应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。graduate 的过去完成时是 had graduated。故填 had
graduated。
70．had planted
【详解】考查时态。句意：玛丽很高兴看到她在花园里种的种子正在生长。定语从句缺乏谓语，从句谓语
动词 plant 这个动作表达的是在“was pleased to see”这个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过
去的过去”发生的事情，用过去完成时。故填 had planted。
71．had served
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他已经在军队服役 10 年了，然后他退休并结婚了。根据 retired and married
和 for ten years 可知，服兵役发生在退休和结婚前，时态用过去完成时。故填 had served。
72．had known
【详解】考查时态。句意：这个消息对我来说并不意外。我早就知道那家工厂要倒闭了。know 这一动作
先于 came 这一过去的动作发生，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填 had known。
73．had never seen
【详解】考查时态和否定副词。句意：马克开门时，看见一个女人站在那里，他以前从未见过她。根据从
句谓语动词 opened 可知，从句事情发生在过去，该句的动作 see 发生在“开门”之前，谓语动词应该用过去
完成时 had+过去分词，see 的过去分词是 seen；结合句意，此处指“从未见过”，助动词 had 后应该加否定
副词 never 。故填 had never seen。
74．had visited
【详解】考查时态。句意：他告诉我他前一年参观过长城。从句动作发生在主句动作 told 之前，表示过去
的过去，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填 had visited。
75．had followed
【详解】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：看看我陷入的麻烦！要是我听了你的劝告就好了！由句意可知，此
处是 if only 引导的条件状语从句，表虚拟语气的句子，表示与过去事实相反的假设，follow 时态用过去完
成时。故填 had followed。
76．had hoped
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们本希望过来见你，但是我们太忙了。根据句意可知，希望 hope 发生在 were
busy 之前，表示“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时态，故填 had hoped。
77．had studied
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆希望他在大学时学的是法律而不是历史。分析句子可知，本句为 wish
引导的虚拟条件句，根据 when he was in university 可知，表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完
成时。故填 had studied。
78．had won
【详解】考查时态。句意：到戴尔大四时，他已经赢得了所有演讲比赛的最高荣誉。by the time 引导的时
间状语从句中为一般过去时时，主句通常使用过去完成时。故填 had won。
79．had fought
【详解】考查时态。句意：她和癌症斗争了 8 年，最终还是被病魔带走了生命。此处是句子谓语动词，“斗
争”发生在“被病魔带走生命”之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填 had fought。
80．had stopped
【详解】考查动词。句意：电话铃响了，但当她进屋时，它已经不响了。分析句子可知，设空处应填动词
做谓语，考虑时态的问题，在 got indoors 这个动作之前电话已经停了，强调过去的过去，因此用过去完成
时。故填 had stoppped。
【点睛】