专项03 代词高频考点专讲专练 2023年高考英语语法知识复习(含答案与解析)

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名称 专项03 代词高频考点专讲专练 2023年高考英语语法知识复习(含答案与解析)
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
代词高频考点精讲
代词可分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词。每一类高考中都可能考。本讲主要总结前六种。
一、 人称代词
1.人称代词有主格和宾格之分,作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格。
人称代词主格/宾格:I/me he/him she/her it/it we/us you/you they/them
例句:I met her in the hospital.(I作主语用主格,her作宾语用宾格)
在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。
例句:He is taller than me(I).
二、 物主代词
物主代词分形容词性和名词性物主代词
形容词性 my his her its our your their
名词性 mine his hers its ours yours theirs
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,必须放在名词之前修饰名词构成名词短语才能在句中作主语表语宾语。
例句:His brother is an engineer. 他的哥哥是位工程师。
名词性物主代词本身就相当于名词,可单独在句中做主语、宾语和表语。
例句:This is my pen. Yours is yellow. 这是我的钢笔。 你的笔是黄色的。
  My pen is broken. Please give me yours. 我的钢笔坏了。请把你的给我吧。
三、 反身代词
1.反身代词表示动作执行者本身或者加强语气。它是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格,后面加词尾self 或者selves构成。
myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己
himself 他自己 themselves 他们自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己
反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
例句:I do it myself.
2.反身代词和某些动词连用,构成固定短语。
devote oneself to致力于 dress oneself自己穿衣 enjoy oneself过得快活
for oneself为自己;独立地 of oneself自然地;自动地 by oneself独自地
in oneself本身
四、 相互代词(each other,one another)
在句中作宾语。each other指两者之间,one another指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。
例句:We often help each other in our lessons.我们经常在功课上互相帮助。
They see one another every day.他们每天见面
五、指示代词
1、this(these)代指时间或空间上较近的人或物。
These are my pens.这些是我的钢笔。
that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
I will do that. 我愿意做那件事。
this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用
I want to know this: Is she beautiful 我想知道这一点:她美吗
4、为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
Our grain output is now 5 times that of 1980. 我们现在的粮食产量是1980年的5倍。(that=the grain output)
5、this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍,that用于询问对方。
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗
6.区分that,those, one,ones和it的替代用法
(1) it特指,代替前文提到过的事物。(同类同物)
例句:He is eating a banana. It looks delicious.他正在吃香蕉,这香蕉看起来很美味。(it就是前面提到的那个香蕉)
The baby is crying,it looks so sad.这个婴儿正在哭泣,它看起来如此伤心。(it就是前面提到的那个baby)
(2) one泛指,代替单数名词,可指人或物。(同类异物)
例句:I don’t like this book, I’d like a more interesting one.我不喜欢这本书,我想要一本更有趣的。(one指的是书,但不是前面提到的哪一本书)
I like the bananas, please give me one more.我喜欢香蕉,请再给我一个。
Among all people here,Tom is the most humorous one.这里所有人中,汤姆是最幽默的一个。
(3) ones泛指,代替复数名词,可指人或物。
如:There were a few young people with some old ones in the house.(ones=people)有几个年轻人和一些老年人在那座房子里。
(4) that特指,代替不可数名词或单数名词,指物。
如:The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that of Dongguan.(that = the weather)武汉的天气比东莞的更热。
(5) those特指,代替复数名词。
如:The machines are better than those we produced last year.(those=the machines=the ones)这些机器比我们去年生产的要好。
六、不定代词
1、some与any
相同点:两者都是既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词,表示“一些”。
不同点:some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
You will find some books in the box.
I need some stamps. Are there any in your bag
【注意】用于疑问句中表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求和建议;
Would you like some rice for dinner
2、many和much
many指代或者修饰可数名词复数;much指代或者修饰不可数名词。
Many of us have seen the film.
I know much about it.
3、either和neither
either表示“两者中任何一个”;
neither指两个人或物中任何一个都不。
I have two pens, but I don't like either of them.
Neither of the books is good.
4、both、all和none
both表示“两者都”;
all指三者或者三者以上都;
none指三者或者三者以上都不,常用来回答how many/much引出的问题。
Both of my parents are farmers.
All of us should go there.
None of the students in our class can work out the maths problem.
--How much rice do you need
--None.
5、each和every
every 强调整体,each强调个体;every 指三者或三者以上“每一个”,而 each指两者或两者以上的“每一个”;every 只用作定语,不可单独使用,而each可用作定语也可单独使用;every不可用作同位语,而each可作同位语;every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰,但 each 不能;every 后可接“数词(或few)+复数名词”表示有反复重复的意思,但each 不能。
Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.
Every student has passed the exam.
6、a little, little, a few和few
a little(一点儿)和little(几乎没有)用来修饰不可数名词;
a few(一些)和few(几乎没有)用来修饰可数名词。
Would you please buy some salt for me, Tony There is little left.
A few students are playing basketball on the playground.
7.辨析 another,the other,other,others,the others
other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义
the other可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的"另一个";也可修饰名词,表示"另外的……"
another单独使用或修饰单数可数名词,表示泛指"另一,再一";泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的"另一个"。另外another后可接"基数词/few+复数名词"形式,表示"另外的……(多少)"
others单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为"其他的人或事物",常与some一起出现
the others意为"剩余的一些"
例句:
His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.
他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生,一个是护士。
When Americans moved from one place to another,they took their dialects with them.
当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时,他们带着自己的方言。
You are a team star!Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse,another is a teacher and still another is a worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人。
We need another few chairs.我们还需要几把椅子。
8、none 与no one
none 后可跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one 后通常不接of短语,且只能指人;回答 how many 或 how much 的提问时,通常用 none,而在回答 who 的提问时,通常用 no one 或 nobody;none 作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。如:
  None of the telephones are [is] working. 所有的电话都坏了。
No one equals him in strength. 论力气,无人能和他相比。
注:nobody 与 no one 的用法相似,以上关于 no one 的用法也适合 nobody。
七、复合不定代词
由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词(something和anything;someone和anyone;somebody和anybody)之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。
1、something,someone,somebody通常用于肯定句中,而anything,anyone,anybody一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。
例句:
He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。
Do you have anything to say ?你有话要说吗?
I can’t meet anybody on the island. 在岛上,我没遇见任何人。
2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词。
例句:
Would you like something to eat 要些吃的东西吗?
Isn’t there something wrong with you 难道你没问题吗?
3、当anything表示“任何事(物),无论何事(物)”,anyone,anybody表示“无论谁,任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。
例句:
Anything is OK. 什么都行。
Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。
4.不定代词的否定
“not every-”表示的是部分否定,意为“并非都,不都”。
例如:
Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。
The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。
“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。
例如:
He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听,但什么也没听到。
= He listened, but didn’t hear anything.
You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you 你没给谁打过电话,是吗?
= You have called no one/nobody up, have you
5、someone,anyone,everyone都只能指人,且不和介词of连用;some one,any one,every one则既可指人又可指物,可与介词of连用。
例如:
Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。
---Which toy would you like ---Any one is OK. ---你要那个玩具?---随便。
no one(=nobody)“没有人”,只用来指人,通常不和介词of连用;none“没有一个”,既可以用来指人也可用来指物。
例如:
No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。
None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的,我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。
回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one;回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。
例如:
---Who was late ---No one. ---谁迟到了?---谁也没有迟到。
---How many pigs do you keep ---None. ---你养几头猪?---一头也没养。
代词高频考点精练
The weather in Shanghai is better than ______ in Suzhou.
A.that B.those C.the one D.the ones
_________is the power of global warming that the climate goes from one extreme to the other.
A.Such B.This C.That D.So
3. You may depend on _____that they will look after your daughter when you are away.
A.them B.this C.her D.it
The wild animals are in great danger now.Let's protect _______.
A.they B.them C.their
No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of ______.
A.others B.the other C.either D.another
6.Ms Shen's method of teaching is nothing like _________ of the teachers at my Junior High School.
A.what B.that C.one D.it
7.They have provided several ways to solve the problem.We can choose _____to start with.
A.it B.that C.one D.each
8.I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ______in the city.
A.ones B.one C.that D.those
9.Things made by hand are usually more expensive than ______ produced in factories.
A.these B.this C.that D.those
After three months of hard work,I'd like to go to a nice small town for my holiday,especially ________with a sea view.
A.it B.one C.the one D.that
11.How would you like ___________if the power went out when you were watching your favorite TV program?
A.them B.those C.it D.one
12.--How do you like the book?
--It's quite different from ____ I read last week.
A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what
13.The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different from ________made by the Japanese students in English study.
A.that B.which C.what D.those
__________ is known to us all that the old scientist, for ________ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.
A.It; whom B.It; who C.As; whom D.As; whose
15.--What do you think of modern music?
--It is often considered not as good as _______ of the past.
A.it B.this C.that D.one
16.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything C. something B. anything D. nothing
17.“What do you think of them ” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
A. what, both C. which, both B. what, none D. which, none
18.“Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer ” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
A. Neither, notC. Either, the mostB. Both, moreD. All, the most
19.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was
A. where C. how B. what D. which
20.“Who told you ” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
A. what B. when C. which D. who
21.Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
A. what B. when C. which D. whom
22.These trousers are dirty and wet — I’ll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers C. others D. other
23.Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other C. the others D. another
24.There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each C. every D. either
25.“It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere
26.I didn’t make_______ clear when and where the sports meet would be held.
A.this B that C. it D. one
27. To tell you the truth,________really don't like when people talk with you with their eyes stating into the sky.
A.which B. that C. it D.what
28.一Which one can I take
一You can take _________of them. I’ll keep none.
A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all
29. Alan sold most of his belongings.He has hardly left ________in the house
A.everything B.anythingC.nothingD .something
30.I have been lived in Shanghai for two years.But I haven’t covered _______of the city
A.anything B.much C. many D. plenty
31.She kept looking behind to see ________if she was being followed
A. Her B.herself C.her own D.she
32.All of us want very much to see these recommended movies,______especially you referred to jusl now.
A .as B. which C. the one D. that
33.一Do you want tea or coffee
一 ________really don't mind
A.None B. Neither C .Either D .All
34.The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _______four percent.
A.any other B. the other C .another D .other
35.The manager was very angry,for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterdy,half of________ unqualified.
A.whom B. what C. them D.which
1.【解答】答案:A。 根据题意,上海的天气要比苏州的要好。本题考查指示代词的用法。本题干中的that用来指代前面的不可数名词weather;the one用来指代前面提到的可数名词单数;those指代可数名词复数;the ones指代前面提到的可数名词复数。故选:A。
2.【解答】答案:A。such...that如此...以至于...,是固定搭配,本题中such位于句首时,句子应用部分倒装。故选:A。
3.【解答】D.考查代词的用法.You may depend on it that…是一个固定句型,意思是"你可以相信…,可以放心…",此处it没有明确含义,是用来构成句型的,不可省略.故选:D。
4.【解答】答案:B。根据题意,野生动物现在处于极大的危险之中。让我们保护它们。本题考查代词的用法。其中protect为动词,后接代词的宾格形式,故排除A和C选项。故选:B。
5.【解答】答案:B。others其他人;the other两者中的另一个;either 任何一个;任一的;another三者或三者以上的另一个。结合句意,贸易谈判没有取得进展,因为双方都不接受对方的条件,表示两者中的另一个。故选:B。
6.【解答】答案:B。本题考查代词的用法.根据句意和结构可知这句话使用代词that指代上文的method of teaching ,that可以特指上文的不可数名词或可数名词单数,what引导名词性从句,one泛指可数名词单数,it特指同类同物.故选B。
7.【解答】答案:C。one可指人或物,只替代单数可数名词。that只指物,不指人,可替代可数名词或不可数名词。it,它,可代替不定式、动名词或从句,用作形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于强调句型中。each每个、各自。根据题意to start with首先,可知题干意思为我们可以选择一个开始。应该是单数可数名词,泛指其中的一个。所以C选项是正确的。故选:C。
8.【解答】解答:C 考查指示代词用法.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a/an+名词; that为特指,相当于the+名词.此处应是the air,故选C.air是不可数名词,没有复数形式,不能用复数代词代替,排除A、D项复数形式.
9.【解答】D。考查指示代词,句意:手工制作的东西通常要比工厂里生产的东西更贵.根据句意可知,这个空我们应该填一个代词,来代替things.这句话中表示比较,把手工制作的东西和工厂里生产的东西相比,用来代替比较的对象应该用that或those,因为这里things是复数形式.
【解答】B。根据题意,it特指上下文提到的同类同物;one泛指上下文提到的一个,属于同类异物;the one代替单数名词,是特指;that代替不可数名词或者特指上下文出现的单数名词。从前面的句子可以得知此处是同位语,是对前一个句子中a small town 进行进一步的解释,it和that不能做同位语,并且此处泛指一个小镇,故选:B。
11.【解答】C。根据句意和结构可知这里用代词it指代下文的_if the power went out when you were watching your favorite TV program这种情况;them它们,他们;those特指可数名词复数;one泛指可数名词单数。故选:C。
12.【解答】C。考查代词.句意:你觉得这本书怎么样?和我上周读的大不一样.one表示泛指,指代可数名词单数,同类不同物;这里是特指所以用the one来代替,I read last week是定语从句,修饰the one, 因为先行词在句中做宾语,所以省略了that。故选:C。
13.【解答】答案:D。考查代词,指代前面提到的The mistakes ,为特指的复数名词,后跟made by…,作后置定语,所以用指示代词those.that指代单数名词,which引导定语从句,如果填what,应该后跟句子,what are made…故选:D。14.【解答】答案:A。第一空使用句型It is known to us all that…"众所周知…",it充当形式主语,句子的真正主语是that引导的从句;第二空使用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句,句子的先行词是the old scientist,指人,因此位于介词for之后,使用whom引导定语从句。故选:A。
15.【解答】C。根据句意和结构可知这里指代上文的不可数名词music用that,it是同类同物;this这个;one泛指可数名词单数。故选:C。
16.【解析】此题应选 A,注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容),其后的not与 everything构成部分否定,意为“不是所有的都同意”,前后两部分用转折连词 but连接,语气通顺、连贯。
17.【解析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better一词,由于better用的是比较级,说明比较的对象应是两者,由此可推知第二空应填both;另一方面,由于所谈论的是两者,说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确,所以第一空应填 which。
18.【解析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee也不是 beer,而是除这两者外的第三者,故第二空应填 the most,即此题最佳答案为C。
19.【解析】此题答案选D,主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关,全句句意为:“我在某一本书上读到过它,是哪一本书这很重要吗 ”
20.【解析】此题最佳答案为D。句意为:“谁告诉你的?”“噢,有个人,我忘记是哪一个了。”
21.【解析】此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了,但我不记得是哪些学生了”。
22.【解析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看,another后通常接单数名词,而不接trousers这样的复数名词(若用 another pair则可以);也不能选 trousers是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C,others相当于 other trousers,其中的 other与前面的 these相对照。
23.【解析】最佳答案为D。使用one … the other …时,我们通常是针对两者而言的,即指“两者中的一个……,另一个……”;如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的,而是针对多者而言的,那么我们就不宜在 one后使用 the other,而考虑用 another。
24.【解析】此题容易误选A,认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms,故填 all与之对应。其实,此题的最佳答案应为B,原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its,它表示空格处应填一个单数代词,但是不能选C,因为 every不能这样单独使用。
25.【解析】正确答案应选A。因为 anything but是习语,意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”,不仅可用于事物,也可用于人。如:
I’ll do anything but that.我绝不会干那种事。
The party was anything but a success.晚会根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet.她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such a man was anything but a hero.那样的人绝不算英雄。
26. 【解析】C。it代替后面的when and where引导的从句。其他选项均无此用法。
27. 【解析】C。考查代词。1t指代空格后面的内容。
28. 【解析】D。考查不定代词的用法。句中的none说明所拿走的东西至少有三个,而且后句表示可以全部拿走,所以答案选D。
29. 【解析】B。【解析】从题意可知.Alan把大部分财产都变卖了,房里几乎没有什幺东西了。用anything与否定词连用,hardly anything=nothing,故答案选B。
30. 【解析】B。表示整体中的一部分,且这个整体是单数或不可数名词时,前面的代词用much。故答案选B。
31. 【解析】B。此处表示往自己身后看.故用反身代词作宾语。
32. 【解析】C。考查代词的用法。The one特指you referred to jusl now.。
33. 【解析】C。考查代词none,neither,either,all的用法。根据上句可知,此处是在两者之间进行选择,而且从后一句的我真的不介意可知回答者的意思是两者中哪一个都可以,所以答案选C。
34. 【解析】C。考查不定代词的用法。题干中的意思是价格不会再增长超过4%。any other任一其他的;the other(两者中)另外一个;another另外.又,放在数词前面;other表示另外,和more一样,要放在数字的后面。故答案选C。
35.【解析】 C。考查人称代词作独立主格的逻辑主语。句意:经理非常生气,因为他已发给他商业伙伴两千台机器,其中一半有质量问题。half of unqualified.是独立主格结构,half of 是unqualified的逻辑主语,of是介词,所以此处要用宾格。
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