备战2023届中考英语语法专题训练：数词 精讲精练(含答案)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2023届中考英语语法专题 数词（含答案）
精讲精练( Part I 知识讲解+Part II 中考典题训练）
命题趋势
中考对数词的考查主要包括以下几个方面:
1.基数词和序数词的构成和基本用法;
2.日期、时刻、年龄、编号等的表示法;
3.分数的表达法以及分数作主语时谓语的单复数形式;
4.hundred 、thousand、hundreds of、thousands of等在具体语言环境中的运用。
对数词的考查主要分布在单项选择、单词拼写和语法填空中。
Part I 知识讲解
数词分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。
一、基数词
1. 基数词的写法或读法。
（1）对于20以内的基本的数字，需要同学们牢记。要注意其中的一些规律。例如：
13-19的数字都是“-teen”结尾等。
（2）十位数与个位数之间要加连字符。例如： 23→twenty-three
（3）百位数与个位数之间要加and。例如：
201→ two hundred and one 642→ six hundred and forty-two
拓展：除此之外，较大的数字是将数字由右向左每三位加一个逗号，使一个数字分成几个小节，第一个逗号前用thousand（千），第二个逗号前用million（百万），第三个逗号前用billion（十亿），然后依次读出（写出）。例如：
68,343 sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-three
13, 526, 300 thirteen million, five hundred and twenty-six thousand, three hundred
注意：英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位，只有“百万（million）”和“十亿（billion）”；因此“一万”是用10个千，也就是“ten thousand”来表示的，“一亿”是用“one hundred million”来表示的。
2. 基数词的用法
（1）表示确切数目时，hundred，thousand和million只能用单数，不能变复数；但表示不确定的数目时，要用复数形式，并且要加上of。
例如：five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千
hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 数百万的
（2）基数词可以用来表示时间。例如：
7:30 seven thirty / half past seven
6:45 six forty-five / a quarter to seven
8:00 eight o’clock
注意：“半”的表达：1/2→ a half , 半小时→ half an hour ,
1.5小时→ one and a half hours或 one hour and a half
（3）基数词可以用来表示年份或年代或日期。例如：
表年份
1980年，读作nineteen eighty in 1980
2005年，读作two thousand and five in 2005
表年代
年代的表达方式通常为“in+the+数词的复 数”。如：in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代
日期的表达
英语中的日期表达采用“月、日、年”或“日、月、年”的顺序。年份用基数词表达，日期用序数词表达。
例如： 10月1日：October 1st / the first of October
2006年7月5日：July 5th, 2006 / the fifth of July, 2006
（4）基数词可以用来表示事物的编号。例如：
第209房间→ Room 209
第三部分→ Section 3/Part 3
南京路308号→ 308 Nanjing Road
电话号码3698688→ TEL 3698688
（5）基数词可以用于某些数学算式。例如：
四则混合运算：加、减、乘、除的表达。
1+1=2 One plus one is two. 一加一等于二。
10-3=7 Ten minus three is seven. 十减三等于七。
9×8=72 Nine times/multiplied by two is eighteenth. 九乘二等于十八。
16÷2=8 Sixteen divided by two is eight. 十六除以二等于八。
（6）基数词可以用来表示年龄。
表示“几岁”，用“基数词+years old”，“years old”也可以省略，此时不能作定语。
e.g: The boy is twelve (years old). 这个男孩十二岁了。
表示“几岁的”用“基数词-year- old”，是一个合成形容词，作定语。
I have an eight-year-old sister. 我有一个八岁的妹妹。
表示“在……年龄时”，用“at the age of +基数词”表示。
e.g: He learned to play the piano at the age of six. 他六岁的时候开始学弹钢琴。
表示“在……几十岁时”，用“in one’s +整十的复数”表示。
e.g: The man became a millionaire in his fifties.
这个男的在他五十多岁的时候成为了百万富翁。
二、序数词
1. 基数词变序数词的方法。
（1）序数词是由基数词在词尾加－th构成，表示顺序的数词。它的前面一般要用定冠词the。例如：the sixth 第六。
（2）序数词的1，2，3这三个数字是特殊变化，即它们不是在基数词的后面加－th，需要特别记忆和掌握。第一是：first，第二是：second，第三是：third。
（3）从第四到第十九的序数词都是在基数词的后面加－th，但要注意：第五是fifth，第八是eighth，第九是ninth，第十二是twelfth这几个特殊变化。
（4）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的基数词，变为序数词时，把字母y改为ie再加－th。例如：twenty－twentieth第二十，forty－fortieth第四十。
（5）从二十一到九十九的序数词（整十数除外），前面的十位数用基数词，后面的个位数用序数词，中间用连字符号连接。例如：
twenty-four－twenty-fourth第二十四。
第一百、第一千、第一百万分别在相对应的基数词的后面直接加－th。
即：hundredth，thousandth，millionth。
拓展：序数词的缩写形式。
序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。前三个数字是特殊情况，分别是：first→1st second→2nd third→3rd
以后的均是在最后的数字后加“-th”即可。
例如：forth→4th twenty-first→21st ninety-fifth→95th
2.基数词、序数词及缩写对照表 :
基数词 序数词及缩写 基数词 序数词及缩写 基数词 序数词及缩写
one first/1st eleven eleventh/11th thirty thirtieth/30th
two second/2nd twelve twelfth/12th forty fortieth/40th
three third/3rd thirteen thirteenth/13th fifty fiftieth/50th
four fourth/4th fourteen fourteenth/14th sixty sixtieth/60th
five fifth/5th fifteen fifteenth/15th seventy seventieth/70th
six sixth/6th sixteen sixteenth/16th eighty eightieth/80th
seven seventh/7th seventeen seventeenth/17th ninety ninetieth/90th
eight eighth/8th eighteen eighteenth/18th twenty-one twenty- first/21st
nine ninth/9th nineteen nineteenth/19th thirty-two thirty-second/ 22nd
ten tenth/10th twenty twentieth/20th ninety-nine ninety-ninth/99th
3. 序数词的用法。
（1）序数词的前面一般要用定冠词the表示第几的意思。例如：
You are the second one to know the way. 你是第二个知道方法的人。
序数词前加不定冠词a/an，表示“再一”“又一”。如∶
Are you going to learn a second language in the third grade
你打算在三年级的时候学习第二语言吗
（3）表示编号的时候，经常把基数词放在名词的前面表示顺序，相当于the＋序数词＋名词，也可以用“名词+基数词”。例如：Lesson Five＝the fifth lesson 第五课。
（4）表示分数的时候，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1的时候，分母用复数形式。例如：2/5 two fifths。
（4）序数词在名词的前面经常作定语修饰名词，但是当名词的前面已经有了物主代词的时候，序数词的前面不再用定冠词the。例如：
This is my third question. 这是我的第三个问题。
（5）序数词可以表示日期。例如：
March 18th, 1978 （1978年3月18日）
数词的其他用法
1. 次数的表达。
一次：once
二次：twice
三次及以上：基数词+times
three times 三次 ten times 十次 twenty-eight times 二十八次
2. 倍数的表达。
A is +倍数+as +形容词原级+as B “A 是B的多少倍”。
e.g: This room is twice as big as that one. 这个教室是那个教室的两倍大。
A is +倍数 +形容词比较级+than B “A 比B大（多、高……）多少倍”。
e.g: This car is three times more expensive than that truck. 这辆汽车比那辆卡车贵三倍。
3. 数量词的用法。
表示长、宽、高，用“基数词+单位词（meter, kilometer, foot, inch等）+形容词（long, wide, high等）” 表示。
two meters long 两米长 three inches high 三英尺高
four inches wide 四英寸宽
表示时间、距离时，用含有数词的名词所有格形式作定语。
five minutes’ walk 步行五分钟 two hours’ ride 骑车两小时
由数词和其它名词组成的复合数词，其中的名词用单数形式，各部分之间用连字符“-”来连接。
a three-month-old baby 一个三个月大的婴儿 a five-day holiday 五天的假期
4.复合数词相当于一个形容词，用来修饰名词，不能作表语。
The building is ten meters high.（√）
This is a ten-meter-high building.（√）
The building is ten-meter-high.（×）
This is a ten meters high building.（×）
5.分数、百分数、小数的表达。
①．分数的表达
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子是1时，分母用单数，分子大于1时，分母用复数。中间可以有连字符连接，也可以没有。
例如：1/3 one third 3/8 three eighths
②．小数和百分数的表示法
（1）小数点读作 point，小数点前后的数用基数词表示。如∶
three point one four 3.14 zero point zero four 0.04
（2）百分数用percent/per cent表示。如∶
three percent 3%
Part II中考典题 专项训练：数词 （100分）
单项选择(30*2=60 分)
1.As we all know，the Yellow River is___________longest river in China.
A. second B.twice C . the second D. the twice
2.There are ________ people in the picture, and the ________ one from the left is me.
A．eight; third B．eight; three C．eighth; third D．eighth; three
3.—________ is the population of Guizhou
—It has more than ________ people.
A．How much; thirty-eight millions of B．How many; thirty-eight million of
C．What; thirty-eight million D．How large; thirty-eight millions
4.— People in our town planted ________ trees on Tree Planting Day.
— Good job! Everyone can do something to make our town greener.
A.hundred B．hundred of C．hundreds D．hundreds of
5. There are ________ students in that school.
A. two thousand eight-six B. two thousand eighty-six
C. two thousand and eighty-six D. two thousands and eighty-six
6. This classroom is ________ ours.
A. three times big as B. as three times big as
C. three times as big as D. as big three times as
7. The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.
A. three B. third C. the three D. the third
8.About ________ of the students in Kaili ________ to school boy bus.
A．two fifth；go B．two fifths；go C．two fifth；goes D．two fifths；goes
9.My aunt became a nurse in her _______ and she still loves her job now.
A．twenties B．twentieth C．twenty D. the twentieth
10.Erie is ________ and he has an ________ sister
A．ten-year-old; eight year old B．ten years old; eight-year-old
C．ten-year-old; eight years old D．ten years old; eight-years-old
11.________ of the news ________ written in English on the Internet.
A．Three quarters; are B．Three quarters; is
C．Three quarter; are D.Three quarter; is
12.The tower was built ________ years ago.
A．hundred of B．two hundreds C．two hundred of D．hundreds of
13.According to the survey, nearly ________ of the students in our class come to school without having healthy breakfast.
A．two fifth B．two fifths C．second fifth D．second fifths
14.As the saying goes, “It’s never too late to learn,” My grandpa took up writing ________ the of age 70 and finished his novel ________ his eighties.
A．at, for B．by, at C．at, in D．by, for
15.________ the teachers in the school is one hundred, and ________ of them are women teachers.
A．A number of; four fifth B．The number of; four fifth
C．The number of; four fifths D．A number of; four fifths
16.Five ________ two is three.
A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by
17. Three ________ five is eight.
A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by
18. Three ________ seven is twenty-one.
A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by
19. Forty-two ________ seven is six.
A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by
20.The boys in ________ will have a table tennis match next Sunday.
A．Class 6 B．6 Class C．6th Class D．Class 6th
21.—It’s impossible for me to finish the task in five days. Could you give me ________days
—All right.
A．more two B．other two C．two another D．another two
22.—I’m going to take this summer holiday in Taiwan.
—Oh, really Taiwan is _________ a beautiful island that _________ people in Guangdong go to visit it every year.
A．so, thousand B．such, many thousand
C．so, thousands of D．such, thousands of
23.My father joined the army in________when he was in________.
A．1960s; twenties B．the 1960s; his twentieth
C．1960; his twenties D．1960s; the twenties
24.The workers will complete the new bridge in ________．
A. two and a half months B. two months and half
C. two and a half month D. two month and a half
25．—The talent show Youth With You (青春有你) is becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class ______ interested in it recently.
A．is B．are C．was D. were
26. The train from Shanghai will arrive ________.
A. in quarter past six B. in a quarter past six
C. at quarter past six D. at a quarter past six
27.—Plenty of people went to America in__________.
—So they did. My grandfather was one of them. He went there in his_______.
A.1990s;thirties B.1990s,thirty C. the 1990s; thirtieth D. the 1990s; thirties
28. Jim is training very hard to win the boy's____________race in the school sports meeting
next week.
A. 100 metres B. 100-metres C.100-metre D. 100 metre
29.—What's the English for“7:45”
—It's__________.
A. a quarter past eight B.seven forty fifth
C.seven forty and five D. a quarter to eight
30.The Communist Party of China is 100 years old this year. We will celebrate her ________ birthday on July 1st.
A．hundred B．the hundred C．hundredth D．the hundredth
用所给词的正确形式填空。（10分）
1.Our team won the ______ prize in the competition.(two)
2.Two _______ of the students in our class have been to Disneyland somewhere.(three)
3.Christmas comes in the ________ month of a year.(twelve)
4.There are seven days in a week. And Thursday is the _____ day.(five)
5.Shanghai is a beautiful city. I have been there ______.(two)
6.Today is the little boy’s _______ birthday.(nine)
7.Sophie has read twenty novels this term, and the book she is reading now is the _____.（twenty-one）
8.What a lovely present the old lady has received for her ________ birthday! （eighty）
9.In his_____，Wilson returned to his hometown and began to teach .（thirty）
10.I visit my grandparents ______ a week.(one)
三、句子填空：根据句意将括号内的汉语译成英语。（10*2=20分）
1.It is not rare________________________（在二十世纪九十年代）that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
2.___________（三分之二） of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
3. Americans eat____________________（两倍多的）as many vegetables per person today as they did in 2012.
4. The grain output of this year is _____________________（高8%）than that of last year.
5._____________________（几百万）people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.
6.The hero of the story is an artist_____________________（三十多岁）.
7.Mr.Smith asked me to buy_____________________（两打）eggs for the dinner. this year.
8.The rice production has_____________________（增加了5.8%）.
9.It will take me ____________________（一年半的时间）to finish the course.
10.Is the Yellow River____________________（第二长河）in China.
四．语法选择（10分）
During my second year of nursing school, our teacher gave us an exam. I was a hard-working student and I was good at all the subjects.I finished the questions successfully until I read the last 1 :“What is the first name of the woman 2 cleans the school ”
I saw the cleaning woman every day. She is short and about 3 . She has dark hair. But how would I know her name I had never talked with her before. In fact, I'd never thought about talking to her. I stared at my paper 4 started to feel rather guilty.Finally,I handed in my paper without 5 an answer to the question.
Before the class ended,one student 6 if the last question would be counted toward our grades. “Certainly，”the teacher said.“In your life，you will meet many people. All are 7 . They deserve（值得）your attention and care，even if all you do is smile and say hello.”
I'll never forget 8 lesson. Everyone deserves my attention and I 9 get to know all of the people who work and live around me. That was, perhaps, the most important lesson of my life. I also learned the cleaning woman's name 10 Dorothy.
1．A．one B．first C．the one D．the first
2．A．which B．who C．when D．where
3．A．sixty year old B．sixty years old C．sixty- years -old D．sixty-year old
4．A．and B．but C．though D．until
5．A．write B．to write C．writes D．writing
6．A．ask B．to ask C．asked D．asks
7．A．important B．more important C．most important D．the most important
8．A．/ B．a C．an D．the
9．A．should B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．may
10．A．is B．was C．are D．were
参考答案：
单项选择
1-5 CACDC
6-10 CDBAB
11-15 BDBCC
16-20 BACDA
21-25 DDCAB
26-30 DDCDC
单词填空
second
thirds
twelfth
fifth
twice
ninth
7.twenty-first
eightieth
thirties
once
完成句子
in the 1990s
Two thirds
More than twice
eight percent higher/ 8% higher
Millions of
in his thirties
two dozen
increased by 5.8%
one and a half years/ one year and a half
the second longest river
语法选择
1-5 ABBAD 6-10 CADAB
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)