北师大版（2019）必修第一册Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Grammar定语从句课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
定语从句
The Attributive Clauses
She is a girl.
she is a girl with glasses on.
She is a beautiful girl.
She is a six-year old girl.
什么是定语？
定语-是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或短语。可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任。(以介词短语、分词为例）
例： The girl behind the tree is Kate.
The man driving too fast was a drunk.
定语从句 修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.
{对等 }
代替
That is the bike which my father bought for me.
先行词＝关系词 bike
定语从句
the bike
先行词
which
关系词
先行词和关系词
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词的作用：指代先行词，
引导定语从句，
在定语从句中充当成分。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose等；
关系副词：when, where, why等。
关系代词
关系副词
注意事项:
1. 从句的位置:
2. 翻译方法:
3. 连接词：
先行词(n./pron.) 之后
“….的”
关系词
判断定语从句
The building which/that stands by the river is our school.
先行词 关系词 从句
关系词判 断 步 骤 :
1. 确定定语从句，找出先行词。
如果先行词是指人, 关系词可能用who, that, whom, whose。
如果先行词指物, 关系词可能用which或that, whose.
2. 把先行词放到定语从句中去，确定关系词在从句中
的成分，选择相对应的关系词。熟记下表：
先行词 主格 宾格 所有格
人 who, that who(m), that whose
物 which, that which, that whose, of which
关系代词的使用方法： that 、which、who(m)、whose等
1. that可指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。(that/which作宾语时可省)
A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
Have you found the bike (that/ which) you lost
2. which 指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省; 作宾语可省。 (which与that 指物时可以互相代替)
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.
The film (that/which) we saw last night was very wonderful.
3. who/whom 指人(它的先行词必须是人)，who在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom是宾格，只能作宾语。(that指人时，可代替who, whom,可作主语或宾语)
The girls who/that weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.
He knew the teacher (who/whom/that) we met yesterday.
4.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
Please show me the book whose cover is red.
This is the hero (whom/that) we are proud of.
This is the hero of whom we are proud .
关系代词与介词
介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which指代物，和whom指代人。(介词在末尾时, 关系词可以省略)
1. who指____,作_________（成分）
2. whom指____, 作______（成分）
3. which 指____，作________（成分）
4. that 指_____，作________（成分）
5.whose作_____(成分), 表____关系, 译为_________，用来代替 ___________ .
whose指人也指物，指物 = _______ 指人 = ______
人
主、宾
人
宾
主、宾
主、宾
物
人、物
定语
所属
“他的/她的/它的”
his/her/their/its
of which
of whom
口诀: 前看先行词, 辩清人或物 后看从句里, 有无主宾语
1. 关系代词的人称和数
The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.
(主句) The woman is my mother
(从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.
The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.
(主句)The women are famous scientists.
(从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.
定语从句中谓语动词的人称、数必须和先行词一致。
注意：
2. 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.
(主句)The woman is my mother. (叙述客观事实用一般现在时)
(从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间)
即学活用：
1. The man ______is painting the house is my
uncle.
2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park ______ was built
about 300 years ago.
3. What is the animal ______baby is sleeping in its
pocket
4. He is one of the students who ______ (be)
praised.
which/that
who
whose
have been
1.where 的用法：在从句中作地点状语, 指代地点。
The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed
=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
＝The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
＝The hotel (which/that) we stayed at wasn’t clean
at the hotel.
We stayed
there.
先行词
关系词
＝
关系副词的使用方法
2. when的用法：在从句中作时间状语, 指代时间
I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day.
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
从句
3. why的用法：在从句中作原因状语, 指代原因
The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party.
注意有些情况下只用关系词that, 而不宜用which
1. 先行词前被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时, 只能用that引导从句.
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
The first meeting (that) we will take part in will be held in the morning.
2.先行词是all, something, nothing, anything等不定代词时,只用that.
Here is something (that) I will tell you.
Not all that glitters is gold.
3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引导从句
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.
4.先行词是one of, the one或用all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, just, right修饰，只用that
Is it the one that you want
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用只that
Which is the bike that you lost
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting
[运用]
1) —Which animal is your favorite
—The one ______has a long neck.
2) Yesterday they saw the man and the dog _____ ran after each other on the road.
that
that
He is such a good teacher ____ every student respects him.
He is such a good teacher ______ every student respects.
that
as
特殊句式: such…as/that;
the way “方式” 作先行词，关系词的选择
1.作状语
I don’t like the way he talks.
2.作主语或宾语
The way he thought of to solve the problem
might be helpful.
(that/in which)
(that/which)
【即学活用】
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
2. It’s the most interesting film _____I have ever seen.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
4. Fuyun is a city__________ is rich in mineral
6. I can remember well the persons and some pictures ______I see.
that/who
that
whose
that/which
that
7. He is not such a man _____ would leave his work half done.
8. He _____ doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
9. The little apple is a popular song _____ singers are chopsticks
brothers(筷子兄弟).
10. I still remember the day ______ I first met him.
11. Can you tell me the reason _______ you lied to me
as
who
whose
when
why
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 不用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开 用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
译法上 译成先行词的定语：“……的 ” 通常译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上 1. 作宾语时可省略 1. 不可省略
2. 可用that 2. 不用that
3. 可用who代替 whom 3. 不可用who
代替whom
Do you remember the girl who taught us English？你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？
(如果把从句部分去掉, 整个句子的含义就变了。)
Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. 张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。
(去掉从句, 主句的意义仍然完整: 张先生是我的一位朋友。)
注意：
1. 引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。
That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.
皮特要娶爱丽丝这件事，还没宣布，却已传得沸沸扬扬。
句中的which指代“皮特要娶爱丽丝”这件事。
2. 除which 外，还可用when, where, who, whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。
After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during the World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.
3. 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。译为“正如…”
As I expected, he didn't believe me.
正如我所预料的，他不相信我。
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。
1. I’ll never forget the days______ we worked together.
2. I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together.
3. This is the reason ______________ he was late.
4. This is the reason _____________ he gave.
5. Shanghai is the city ___________ he was born.
6. Shanghai is the city ________ we visited last summer.
when
(that/which)
why/ for which
(that/which)
练习：几种易混的情况
及物动词
及物动词
不及物动词
where/in which
that/which
及物动词
7.
He has two sons, both of _______ are college students.
He has two sons, and both of _______ are college students.
8.
He still lives in the house _______ window faces to the east.
He still lives in the house, the window of ______ faces to the east.
He still lives in the house _______ is in the north of the city.
He still lives in the house ______ there is a beautiful garden.
whom
them
whose
which
which/that
where
3. 众所周知，中国自然资源丰富。
① _____ we all know, China is rich in natural resources.
② _____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
③ _____ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.
④______ is well-known to us is that China is rich in natural resources.
As
It
As
What
1 _______ is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.
2 Tom has made great progress, _______made us happy.
对比练习
As
which
6. ① I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school.
② I will never forget the day _______ we spent in Beijing
7. ① This is the only way __________ you can find.
② I don’t like the way _____________ he spoke to his mother
8. ①Galileo collected the facts _________ proved the earth and
all the other planets move around the sun.
②Galileo discovered the fact ______ the earth and all the other
planets move around the sun.
9. ① Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
② Is this the museum __________ they visited last month
when
which/that
that/which
that/in which
that/which
that
where
which/that
高考链接【精选】
1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _______ family was poor.
2. She heard a terrible noise, ______ brought her heart into her mouth.
3. The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.
4. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
whose
which
which
where
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.
　
6．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______, of course , made the others unhappy.
7. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
8. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _____is named after his grandfather.
where
which
whom
which
9. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, ______turned out to be a wise decision.
10. The newly-built cafe, the walls of ______are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
11. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
12. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of ______ had taken more than three years.
which
which
where
which
Homework
Finish the related exercises.
Thank you