牛津上海版高一上Module 3 Food for Thought英语知识点(记忆素材+检测)（有答案）

上海版牛津英语高一上册U3（检测版）
Reading部分 词语学习
___________ v. 包括；含有（还有介词的词性） 例如：
__________________________________________________________________ 全厂73个工人中仅有8个女工。
_______________________________________________________它包含在总数里。
★___________ pp.→adj. (只能放在名词、代词后面) 包括， 例如：
__________________________________________________________________
大队现有54架飞机，包括9架喷气式飞机。
★___________ prep. 包括 例如：
__________________________________________________________________
一些学生，包括全体共青团员，正在扫大街。
★【比较】：include, included和 including：
_________________________________________________________________________（v.）
=_________________________________________________________________________ (prep.)
=_________________________________________________________________________ (adj.)
你需要为你的包裹支付30元，其中包括邮资和包装材料的费用。
____________ adj. 历史的；有关历史的 例如：
____________________________________ 一部历史电影正在放映。
________________________ 历史人物 ________________________ 史料
________________________ 历史剧 ________________________ 历史研究
★【比较】：____________ adj.历史上著名的；有历史意义的 例如：
________________________________________________________________________________________________中华人民共和国的成立是中国历史上具有重大意义的历史事件。
________________________ 古迹 _____________________ 具有历史意义的一年
____________ v. 保存；保藏；保护 例如：
____________________________________________________________ 我们应该把食物装罐头，以便保存。
____________________________________________________________ 应该小心保护视力。
________________________________________________________________________
我们可以把牛奶保存在冰箱里，这样牛奶就不会坏。
★【比较】：____________ n. 保存；保藏；保护 例如：
____________________________________________________________ 这些绘画保存得非常好。
____________ v. (有两个词义)：
(现在分词：____________; 过去式：____________; 过去分词：____________)
1. 准许进入；容许加入 例如：
________________________________________________ 我被允许参加那次探险。
________________________________________________ 这张票允许两个人进场。
2. 承认；供认,
句型有:admit + (that) + 宾语从句;
__________________承认…… ________________________允许去做某事（还未做）
________________________ 承认做了某事
例如：
________________________________________________小偷承认有罪。
________________________________________________他承认偷过东西。
____________________________________________________________ 他承认做了错事。
_______________________________________________ 我承认当时没礼貌，真是对不起。
____________________________________ 乘船做一次旅游
【相似短语】：
________________________发生 ________________________拍照
________________________休息 ________________________就座
________________________乘出租 ________________________ 乘火车
____________v. 吸引
【句型】：
____________________________________吸引某人/某物;
________________________________________________把某人吸引到某事上去;
________________________________________________ 为……所吸引
例如：
________________________________________________ 他点灯诱蛾。
__________________________________________________________音乐会吸引了许多人。
________________________________________________ 这部电影吸引我的地方就是色彩。
________________________________________________ 他们被中国的艺术所吸引。
More Reading部分 词语学习
____________________________________ 对……感到自豪；对……感到骄傲 例如：
________________________________________________ 他为他的儿子感到骄傲。
________________________________________________________________________ 我们都为祖国的繁荣昌盛感到自豪。
★【相似句型】：________________________ 对……感到自豪；对……感到骄傲 例如：
____________________________________ 他为他的儿子感到骄傲。
____________v. 遗弃；抛弃 例如：
________________________________________________ 司机把汽车抛弃在河里。
________________________________________________________________________ 这男人抛弃了家庭参加了革命。
★ ____________ n. 任性；放肆 例如：
____________________________________________________________ 他尽情大笑起来。
____________ v. 到达；进入 例如：
________________________________________________________ 你可以用浏览器来上网。
____________________________________________________________ 如果有必要我们会进入网上账户。
★____________ n. 入口；进入
____________________________________ 能进入到…… 例如：
______________________________________________ 很少有人能直接接触到史密斯先生。
________________________________________________他得以进入电影院。
Reading & more Reading 词组和短语
上海牛津英语知识点_高一Unit 3
(
1
)
________________________ 出差
_______________________为了开心， 愉快
________________________名胜古迹
________________________ 做…的良机
________________________ 计划做
________________________成型
_______________________在城市的西北面
________________________ 17世纪
________________________ 目前的建筑物
_______________________出席到场的人们
________________________ 向…提交计划
________________________几个,一点
______________________被录取(允许进入)
________________________博物馆的建设
________________________从远处
_____________________用来盛食物的容器
________________________风景画
________________________乘船出行
________________________我写信是请求你帮助
________________________春节
________________________ 向…推荐
________________________为某人安排…
________________________请你做？
________________________ 电话联系我
________________________ 事先,提前
________________________在…之前
________________________查词典
________________________ 您若能…我们会很高兴
________________________将非常感谢你的信息
________________________…残骸
________________________…的骄傲
________________________被…遗弃
_______________________主要都被忘记了
________________________乘飞机可到达…
________________________可以到达…
_______________________罗马帝国的陨落
________________________沦为废墟
_______________________随着时间的过去
________________________由…造的
________________________由…造的(看不出原材料的)
________________________由…构成的
________________________为了…;以便…
________________________如此…以至于
________________________如此…以至于
________________________乘飞机
________________________________________________清澈水中的倒影
________________________________________________附近的山洞
________________________洗泥巴浴
________________________在春季
________________________埃菲尔铁塔
________________________后代
________________________烧塌，
________________________被…所吸引
________________________对…怀有兴趣
________________________划船
________________________满着
________________________被…….填满
________________________了解
_______________________在平坦的地面上
________________________做…的计划
________________________夜宿宾馆
________________________皇宫影院的票
________________________对…有兴趣
________________________扑灭
________________________记下
________________________交通工具
________________________注意
________________________连同…,以及…
________________________和…有联系
________________________填空
________________________礼貌的提出建
________________________情愿做
________________________ 宁愿做
________________________愿意做
_______________________在某人听来不错
________________________住在宾馆
________________________乘飞机
________________________投票选出
语法知识 被动语态
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。
定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，
例如：
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事。
it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。
构成：be + past participle(过去分词，简称P.P.)（….+by+动作执行者）
3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，
作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。
例如
__________________________________________________________________ 消防队员赶来以前,大火就被扑灭了
put是___________动词，但put out是___________动词
4. 应用到各种时态和句型如下：
① 一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：
am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will ( be+done)
例如：
___________________________________________________________________________________________________环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。
do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有：
_________________________________ = _________________________________.这台机械将被我修理。
② 进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be + being + P.P. 例如：
_______________________________________________________教室正在被打扫。
③ 完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如：
___________________________________________________________________________________________________今天下午三点，这台机器将被修好了。
____________________________________________________ 我的家庭作业已经完成了。
④ 其他时态依词类推，可得到结果。
⑤ 情态动词的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词，例如：
____________________________________________你的牙一定要刷。
⑥ 不定式的被动语态：to be done例如：
________________________________________________________________________________________确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。
Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况
有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把___________，这类动词有_________________________________ 等，例如：
The boss made my grandfather work 10 hours a day. 老板让我爷爷每天工作10个小时。
(改成) :
__________________________________________________________________.
② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的___________，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：_________________________________等。
③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例如：
　　At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July, there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里，_______________________________________________________这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。_________________________________这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。____________________________________________这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为___________宾语，介词___________可以省略。
例如：
His father left him this house.改为:
____________________________________________这房子是他父亲留给他的。
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，例如：
_________________________________我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语(与主句指同一人),动名词,动词不定式或一个从句时___________。例如:
____________________________________________约翰喜欢看电影。
⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，___________。例如：
____________________________________________我们中国人永远遵守我们的诺言。
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，___________被动。例如：
The girl kissed her boyfriend good night.
=__________________________________________________________________.
⑩ 表地__________________________________________________________________的词做宾语时不用被动.
某些“不及物动词+介词”短语, 如：
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________不能用被动。
某些词用主动表被动：_______________________________________________________等
被动语态练习题
一. 1. The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
2. English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
3. This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
4. This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
5. New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
二.1. Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
2. ----I'd like to buy that coat. -----I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
3. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
4. The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
5. Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
6. His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published
三.1. Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
2. These papers___ yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written D. has not been written
3. The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
四.1. My shoes are worn out.
A. Can't they be mended B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How much do they cost D. Can't they mended
2.___ the watch been repaired yet I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
3.___ these desks be needed
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
五.1. Why ___ to talk about it yesterday
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held
C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
2. Who was the book___
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
3. Where ___ these boxes made
A. was B. were C. is D. am
六.1. The flowers ___ often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
2. The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
3. The broken bike____ here by Mr. Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
七. 1. The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt
2. The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown
3. The old stone bridge ___ next week.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
八.1. Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
2. The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
3. Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
4. The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
5. Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
九.1. The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
2. The teapot ___ water.
A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
3. Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
4. Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well after
C. looked well after D. be looked after well
十.1. Newly-born babies ___ in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of D. take good care
2. They were ___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
3 These walls ___ stone.
A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into
十一.1. Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
2. The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown
3. The coat ___ her sister.
A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to
十二.1. I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
2. Good care ____ such things.
A. should take B. should took
C. should be taking D. should be taken of
3. She will ____ good care ____.
A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
十三.1. The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
2. The boy ___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean
3 These children ____ dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
十四.1. These stones ___ well.
A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
2. The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
3. The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was held C. held D. had
十五.1. Great changes ___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
2. You can't use the computer, it ____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
3 Great changes ___ in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
4 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
十六.1. Please pass me another cup. This one ___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
2. The story books ___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing
3. What time ___ the door ___ every day
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close
十七.1. Can he ___ himself
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of
2. He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
3. Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn
十八.1. The apple ____ very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting
2. You ___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
3. What you said ___ like a good idea.
A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
十九.1. ----What do you think of the TV play ----Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing
2. How dirty the tables are! They need ___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
3. The book is worth ___.
A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read
参考答案：
1. 1-5 B D D D C
2. 1-6 B C B B C A
3. 1-3 A B B
4. 1-3 A B A
5. 1-3 B D B
6. 1-3 B A D
7. 1-3 A B A
8. 1-5 D B B C D
9. 1-4 B A D D
10. 1-3 B B A
11. 1-3 B A C
12. 1-3 D D B
13. 1-3 B A A
14. 1-4 B C B
15. 1-4 B D A C
16. 1-3 A B C
17. 1-3 B C D
18. 1-3 C C D
19. 1-3 A C B
上海版牛津英语高一上册U3（记忆版）
Reading部分 词语学习
include v. 包括；含有（还有介词的词性） 例如：
The factory of seventy-three only includes eight women. 全厂73个工人中仅有8个女工。
It is included among the total. 它包含在总数里。
★included pp.→adj. (只能放在名词、代词后面) 包括， 例如：
The bridge now has 54 aeroplanes, 9 jet planes included.
大队现有54架飞机，包括9架喷气式飞机。
★including prep. 包括 例如：
Some students, including all Young League members, are sweeping the streets.
一些学生，包括全体共青团员，正在扫大街。
★【比较】：include, included和 including：
For your package you need to pay 30 yuan which includes the postage and packing. （v.）
=Thirty yuan, including the postage and packing, is what you need to pay for your package. (prep.)
=You need to pay 30 yuan. postage and packing included, for your package. (adj.)
你需要为你的包裹支付30元，其中包括邮资和包装材料的费用。
historical adj. 历史的；有关历史的 例如：
A historical film is on. 一部历史电影正在放映。
historical characters 历史人物 historical evidence 史料
historical play 历史剧 historical studies 历史研究
★【比较】：historic adj.历史上著名的；有历史意义的 例如：
The founding of the People’s Republic of China is a historic event in Chinese history.
中华人民共和国的成立是中国历史上具有重大意义的历史事件。
a historic spot 古迹 a historic year 具有历史意义的一年
preserve v. 保存；保藏；保护 例如：
We should can the foods to preserve them. 我们应该把食物装罐头，以便保存。
Eyesight should be carefully preserved. 应该小心保护视力。
We can preserve the milk in a fridge so that it does not go bad.
我们可以把牛奶保存在冰箱里，这样牛奶就不会坏。
★【比较】：preservation n. 保存；保藏；保护 例如：
The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation. 这些绘画保存得非常好。
admit v. (有两个词义)：
(现在分词：admitting; 过去式：admitted; 过去分词：admitted)
1. 准许进入；容许加入 例如：
I was admitted to take part in that adventure. 我被允许参加那次探险。
This ticket admits two persons. 这张票允许两个人进场。
2. 承认；供认,
句型有:admit + (that) + 宾语从句;
admit (to) sth. 承认…… admit to do sth允许去做某事（还未做）
admit doing sth. 承认做了某事
例如：
The thief admitted his crime. 小偷承认有罪。
He admitted to stealing. 他承认偷过东西。
He admitted having done wrong. 他承认做了错事。
I admitted (that) I was rude and I am sorry. 我承认当时没礼貌，真是对不起。
take a boat trip 乘船做一次旅游
【相似短语】：
take place 发生 take a photo 拍照
take a rest 休息 take a seat 就座
take a taxi 乘出租 take a train 乘火车
attract v. 吸引
【句型】：
attract sb. / sth. 吸引某人/某物;
attract sb. to sth. 把某人吸引到某事上去;
be attracted to … 为……所吸引
例如：
He attracted moths with lamps. 他点灯诱蛾。
The concert attracted many people. 音乐会吸引了许多人。
What attracted me most to the film is the colour. 这部电影吸引我的地方就是色彩。
They are attracted to the Chinese arts. 他们被中国的艺术所吸引。
More Reading部分 词语学习
show / feel / take pride in (doing) sth. 对……感到自豪；对……感到骄傲 例如：
He takes pride in his son. 他为他的儿子感到骄傲。
We all take pride in the prosperity of our motherland. 我们都为祖国的繁荣昌盛感到自豪。
★【相似句型】：be proud of sb. / sth. 对……感到自豪；对……感到骄傲 例如：
He is proud of his son. 他为他的儿子感到骄傲。
abandon v. 遗弃；抛弃 例如：
The driver abandoned his car in the river. 司机把汽车抛弃在河里。
The man abandoned his family and took part in the revolutionary activities. 这男人抛弃了家庭参加了革命。
★ abandon n. 任性；放肆 例如：
He laughed loudly with abandon. 他尽情大笑起来。
access v. 到达；进入 例如：
You can use a browser to access a website. 你可以用浏览器来上网。
We will access our online bank account if it is necessary. 如果有必要我们会进入网上账户。
★access n. 入口；进入
（have / gain）access to 能进入到…… 例如：
Few people can have direct access to Mr. Smith. 很少有人能直接接触到史密斯先生。
He gained access to the cinema. 他得以进入电影院。
Reading & more Reading 词组和短语
上海牛津英语知识点_高一Unit 3
(
7
)
on business 出差
for pleasure / for fun 为了开心， 愉快
places of interest 名胜古迹
a good time to do sth. 做…的良机
plan to do 计划做
take shape 成型
north – west of the city 在城市的西北面
in the seventh century ( in the 1600s ) 17世纪
the present building 目前的建筑物
the people present at the meeting出席到场的人们
present a plan to sb 向…提交计划
only a few / only a little 几个,一点
be admitted ( to, into ) 被录取(允许进入)
construction of the museum 博物馆的建设
from ( in ) the distance 从远处
container for the food 用来盛食物的容器
landscape paintings 风景画
take a boat trip 乘船出行
I’m writing to ask for your help我写信是请求你帮助
the Spring Festival 春节
recommend sth. to sb. 向…推荐
arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排…
Could (would) you please do.. 请你做？
contact me by phone 电话联系我
in advance 事先,提前
ahead of … 在…之前
look up …in the dictionary 查词典
we would be happy if you could …. 您若能…我们会很高兴
would appreciate your (information) 将非常感谢你的信息
the remains of …残骸
the pride of… …的骄傲
be abandoned by 被…遗弃
be largely forgotten 主要都被忘记了
access a place by air 乘飞机可到达…
have an access to 可以到达…
the fall of Rome Empire 罗马帝国的陨落
fall into ruin 沦为废墟
over time 随着时间的过去
be made of 由…造的
by made from
由…造的(看不出原材料的)
be made up of 由…构成的
so that / in order that 为了…;以便…
so…that 如此…以至于
such ….that 如此…以至于
by plane ( air ) 乘飞机
the reflection in the clear water 清澈水中的倒影
in the nearby caves ( caves nearby ) 附近的山洞
take a mud bath 洗泥巴浴
in spring ( winter, summer..) 在春季
the Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔
future generation 后代
burn down 烧塌，
be attracted by 被…所吸引
have ( show ) interest in 对…怀有兴趣
go boating 划船
(be) full of 充满着
(be) filled with 被…….填满
know about 了解
on flat land 在平坦的地面上
plan a schedule of … 做…的计划
overnight stay at a hotel 夜宿宾馆
the ticket for the Palace Cinema 皇宫影院的票
be interested in 对…有兴趣
put out 扑灭
write ( put) down 记下
means of transport 交通工具
pay attention to 注意
along with ( as well as ) 连同…,以及…
( be ) associated with 和…有联系
fill in the blanks 填空
make a polite suggestion 礼貌的提出建
be willing to do 情愿做
would rather do 宁愿做
would like to do 愿意做
sound good to sb 在某人听来不错
stay at a hotel 住在宾馆
take a plane 乘飞机
vote on … 投票选出
语法知识 被动语态
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。
定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，
例如：
It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month. 那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事
it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。
构成：be + past participle(过去分词，简称P.P.)（….+by+动作执行者）
3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，
作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。
例如
The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. 消防队员赶来以前,大火就被扑灭了
put是不及物动词，但put out是及物动词
4. 应用到各种时态和句型如下：
① 一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：
am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will ( be+done)
例如：
Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover.环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。
do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有：
I will mend the machine. = The machine will be mended （by me）.这台机械将被我修理。
② 进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be + being + P.P. 例如：
The classroom is being cleaned. 教室正在被打扫。
③ 完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如：
The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon. 今天下午三点，这台机器将被修好了。
My homework has been finished. 我的家庭作业已经完成了。
④ 其他时态依词类推，可得到结果。
⑤ 情态动词的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词，例如：
Your teeth must be brushed. 你的牙一定要刷。
⑥ 不定式的被动语态：to be done例如：
The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.
确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。
Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况
① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有hear, watch, make, help, let等，例如：
The boss made my grandfather work 10 hours a day. 老板让我爷爷每天工作10个小时。
(改成) :
My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等。
③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例如：
　　At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July, there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。
例如：
His father left him this house.改为:
This house was left (to) him by his father. 这房子是他父亲留给他的。
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有:
have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，例如：
I shook my head. 我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语(与主句指同一人),动名词,动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。例如:
John enjoyed seeing the film. 约翰喜欢看电影。
⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改。例如：
We Chinese always keep our word. 我们中国人永远遵守我们的诺言。
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动。例如：
The girl kissed her boyfriend good night.
=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.
⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with,
belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等