高二英语虚拟语气复习课件

课件42张PPT。 如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子
我有一千万吗？
没有。
所以我仍然没有房子。
如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。
我有翅膀吗？
没有。
所以我也没办法飞。
如果把整个太平洋的水倒出，
也浇不息我对你爱情的火
整个太平洋的水全部倒得出吗？
不行。
所以我并不爱你。`虚拟语气
Subjunctive Mood语气是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度，是一种动词形式。英语中的语气有三种：1 陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。Japan lies on the east of China.The fish is not alive without water.2 祈使语气（the Imperative Mood）用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Don’t be worry.3 虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。虚拟语气一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：虚拟语气在 在条件从句中would/could/should/might +V.（原）would/could/should/might+have+p.p.would/could/should
/might +V.（原）过去式(did)
(be常用 were)过去完成式
(had +done)①过去式 (did)
②should + do
③were to do
虚拟语气虚拟语气在 在条件从句中1.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would
have met him.2. If I were to be twenty years old, I would take the
course of computer science.3.I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I should fail, I
would try again.4.If I were you, I would go at once. 5.If I had a car, I should be very happy.
6.If She had been invited, she would have
gone to the party.(与过去事实相反)(与将来事实相反)(与将来事实相反)(与现在事实相反)(与现在事实
相反)(与过去事实相反)Testing form
1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
2.--If he__, he__ that food.
--Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.( NMET 93)
A. was warned, would not take
B. had been warned, would not have taken
C. would be warned, had not taken
D. would have been warned, had not taken3.If I _____ in the twenty-second century, I _____ my vacation in a very different way.
A. should live; would spend
B. will live; should spend
C.are living; should have spent
D. will be living; would have spent
4. You didn’t let me drive . If we ____ in turn, you _____ so tired . A. drove ; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving ; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got虚拟语气二.省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
Should he fail in the experiment…
If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.虚拟语气在 在条件从句中Multiple choice1. ___ she a man, she might be elected president.
A. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is
2. __I had time, I would have gone over to see her.
A. Did B. Were C. Had D. If
3. ---The taxi only took ten minutes to get to
the hospital.
--- __ you were coming today, I’d have met
you at the railway station.
A. Have I known B. I have known
C. Had I known D. I had known三.介词 without 引导的短语代替 if 引导的条件从句.有时if引导的虚拟条件从句，可用介词without 引导的短语来代替
If there were no water, fish could not live.
Without water, fish could not live.
2. If you had not helped me, I would have failed.
Without your help, I would have failed.
3. If the Party didn’t lead us, we could not realize ..
Without the Party’s leadership, we could not realize ... 虚拟语气虚拟语气在 在条件从句中虚拟语气四.错综时间的条件句
1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：1.If it ___________harder yesterday, the crops _____________still better.
如果昨天的雨下大点，庄稼可能会长得更好。
2. If you _______________the doctor’s advice, you ____________in the hospital.
如果你听从医生的建议，你就不会在医院、
3.If you ____________Jane yesterday morning, you ________________so angry now.
如果你昨天早晨见到简，你现在就不会这样生气了。
had rainedwould growhad followedwouldn’t behad met withwould not be1. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country__ so serious.
A. wouldn’t be B. will not have been
C. wouldn’t have been
D. would have not been
2. --- Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?
--- I would have, but I ___ so busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 坚持(insist) 命令(order, command)建议(suggest, advice, propose) ，要求(demand, request, require, desire), 等。
2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况：
1) 现在：用过去式
2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done)
3) 将来：用情态动词would / could+ do虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 虚拟语气[例句]
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish she would be on my side.
2.我但愿自己能年轻十岁。
I wish I were 10 years younger.
3.我希望你能找到一个好职业。
I wish (that) you would get a good job.
4.他想要是他没这样做该多好。
He wished he hadn't done it.
5.他要求学生都要自己洗衣服。
He ordered that the students(should) wash the clothes by themselves.
虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 虚拟语气记住：suggest/insist 各有两种意思,要用不同的语气
（1） 当 suggest 当“建议”讲时，其后的宾语从句（should） + do 这种形式，否则用正常的动词形
式, 这时suggest 的意思是“暗示”；
[例句]
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
2)The look on his face suggested that he was happy.
虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 （2）insist 后的宾语从句中的谓语动词是指将来发生的动作或存在的状态时，才用 （should） + do 这种形式；如果是已发生的动作或主句与从句的主语是同一人时， 通常用正常时态
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
He insisted that he was right.
那个女孩脸上的表情暗示出她已生气了。
The girl’s look suggests that she is angry.
那位老人坚持说在来这儿的路上他没看见骆驼。
The old man insisted that he had not seen the camel on the way here.虚拟语气在would rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中

当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 would rather that现在：
过去：
未来：过去时过去时过去完成时I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.虚拟语气在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural,surprising ) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。 [例句]
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在句型 It is advised/ commanded/ demanded/ ordered/ required/ suggested that we/you/ he/she (should) +动词原形中，主语从句中要用虚拟语气，It was required that each student should bring enough food on the trip.1. It is not right that one ____ speak ill of others.
A. shall B. should C. will D. would
2. It is natural that he ____ get angry with her.
A. shall B. will C. should D. would
3. It is strange that she ____ marry such an
ugly man.
A. would B. should C. will D. shall
4. It’s a great pity that you ____so.
think B. thought
C. will think D. is thought虚拟语气主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.虚拟语气在 在表语从句中虚拟语气同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。
The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
Do you know the order that you (should) be on time.虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中虚拟语气在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).
一、as if 连接表语从句
she looked as if she were made of ice.

he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.
二、as if 连接让步状语从 句
She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.

He speaks to us as if he had been there. 虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中
2. 不接虚拟语气的用法，表示可能或真实的
情形。

It looks as if I am going to be busy.

It looks as though it is going to rain.虚拟语气1. if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
If only I had arrived in time!
If only she didn’t drive so fast.
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
要是我没错过火车就好了！虚拟语气中的几个特例If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadn’t missed the train!2. It’s (high) time that…
that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do
It’s time that you left here.你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you should go.It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 虚拟语气3. 一些短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气
Without/But for your help, we would not make such rapid progress.虚拟语气中的几个特例I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting. Without electricity, human life ____ quite different.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
4. 有时虚拟语气是通过上下文的语义表示出来的：

He would have given you more help, but he was very busy.

(If he had not been so busy…)

He was seriously ill, otherwise he would have come to our meeting.

(otherwise = If he had not been seriously ill) 虚拟语气Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.
A. would have missed B. had missed
C. would miss D. missed
2. If I had known you were coming, I ___ you at the airport.
A. had met B. met
C. would meet D. would have metExercises虚拟语气3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)
A. listened B. had listened
C. should listen D. would listen
4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.
A. sell B. sold
C. shall sell D. would sell
5. I wish this bus ___ to the university.
A. go B. went
C. has gone D. had gone虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.
A. get B. getting C. got D. should get
7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there.
A. had been B. were C. was D. been
8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then.
A. would lend B. would have lent
C. could lend D. may have lent虚拟语气9. – Have you ever been to Beijing?
-- No, but I wish I ___.
A. have B. will C. do D. had
10. I don’t think it is high time that you __.
A. will go B. went C. go D. must go
11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿. A. breaks?? B. has broken??
C. were broken?? D. had been broken12.If my father ______ here now, he _____tell me what to do.
were, would B were, will
C is, would D is , will
13. If I ________ a bee, I __________ work much harder.
A were, would B were, shall
C had, will D have, should
14. If I _______ much money, I _________ buy a house.
A have, will B had, should
C had, will D have, should虚拟语气15. He ______ learn more quickly if he _______harder.
A will, work B would, worked
C would, work D will ,worked
16. If I __________ you, I _________ do that.
A was, wouldn’t B were, wouldn’t
C am , won’t D were, won’t
17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting . If she____ , she would have met my brother.
A. did come B. came
C. has come D. had come虚拟语气18. Our teacher insisted that we _____ in class.
A. not to talk B. don’t talk
C. could not talk D. should not talk
19. They suggested that the experiment ____ made in another way .
A .be B. must be
C.may be D. would be虚拟语气20. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later .
A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said
21. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed , he would not suffer so much now .
A. lies B. lay
C. had lain D. should lie虚拟语气23. If there were no subjunctive mood , English _____ much easier .
A.will be B. would have been
C. could have been D. would be
24. 1.I advised that sister _______at her desk all day.
A. mustn’t B not read
C doesn’t read D needn’t read虚拟语气25. ----Do you want him to lend you some money?
-----I wish he __________.
A had B did C would D should
26. The situation required that China __________ its door to the outside world.
A must open B should open
C have to open D has to open
27._______he come , the problem would be settled.
A Would B Should C. Shall D. If虚拟语气28. It was ordered that no smoking __________ in the library.
A was allowed B .be allowed
C would be allowed D. had been allowed
29. ________ here, he would attend the lecture.
A. Had he been B If he was
C Were he D Was he
30.I would rather she _____________ with her friends that alone.
A travel on train B traveled by train
C travels by train D traveling by the train