高二英语虚拟语气教学课件 新课标 人教版

课件39张PPT。The Subjunctive Mood
是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度，是一种动词形式。陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）祈使语气（the Imperative Mood）虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）英语中的语气有三种用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，
有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。用来表示请求、邀请、
命令、警告或劝告等。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种纯的假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。均有体现。虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气用在主语从句中虚拟语气用在宾语从句中虚拟语气用在表语从句中虚拟语气用在同位语从句中虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中虚拟语气用在其它情况下虚拟语气练习在主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感,其谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.
(important, natural, strange, right etc. )
It is a pity that you (should) be so careless.
(shame, no wonder, etc.)亦可使用陈述语气It is requested that Miss Liu (should) give a performance at the party.
(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed,etc)
注意：有些过去分词可以当形容词使用，在主语从句中要用虚拟语气，常见的有：desired, demanded, requested, suggested,required等。高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。It is necessary that a high school student should
master a foreign language.很遗憾他居然没有在。It is a pity that he should be absent today.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。It is important that we should speak politely.练习：很遗憾他没在。It is a pity that he isn’t absent today.1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示——( wish), ——(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，----(demand, request, require, insist), --------(order, command)等。
2、除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况：
1) 现在：用过去式
2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done)
3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 愿望建议要求命令动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去事实的愿望，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。（1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去
进行式（be动词一般用were）。我希望知道这个问题的答案。I wish I knew the answer to the question.但愿北京全年是秋天。I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.她希望仍和祖母住在一起。She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.（2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋
过去分词”。我后悔不该花那么多钱。I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.他真希望没有失去机会。He wishes he had not lost the chance.（3）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would＋
动词原形”。但愿雨能停止。I wish it would stop raining.但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon.记住：一坚持insist, 两命令 order, command,
三建议 suggest, advice, propose,
四要求 ask,demand request, require等动词我建议马上动身。I suggest that we (should) set off at once.学生们坚持要多上英语课。The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.3 在主语＋would (had) rather ＋that 宾语从句中，从句谓语用过去式表示虚拟形式。我倒希望他们和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中

当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词
要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词
要用过去完成时。 I would rather he came tomorrow than today.I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Don’t come. I would rather you
came tomorrow.4、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气
insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;
insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。
suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。
suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。
[例句]
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
He insisted that he was right.The exercises：我希望她能站在我一边。I wish she ———— on my side.would be我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。I wish I ——30 years younger.were 他想要是他没这样做该多好。He wished he —————— it.hadn‘t done他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。He ordered that the students ———the clothes every week by themselves.wash我建议马上动身。I suggest that we (should) set off at once.学生们坚持要多上英语课。The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.His face suggested that he _______ angry.(be)
Mike insisted that he __________ nothing.(steal)wasstole虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should＋动词原形”。My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.My demand is that you ___________ (get up)at six.(should) get upPresently he made the suggestion that they ————（carry on） their conversation in French.carry on虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的。条件从句与主句皆用陈述语气。你如果把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。Oil floats if you pour it on water.假若明年我有钱，我就去日本。If I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan.If I had enough money next year, I would go to Japan.1 表与现在事实相关的假设(纯的) 从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），构成If I （we, you, he, they）＋动词过去式的形式；主句的谓语用would（第二、三人称）/should（第一人称）/might/could＋动词原形。要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。If I were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth.如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没有问题了。If my brother were here, everything would be all right.If he has time, he will go with you.2 与过去的事实相关的假设(纯的)从句的谓语用had＋过去分词，构成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/might have ＋动词过去分词。如果你仔细一点， 这个错误是可以避免的。If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.昨晚如果有时间，我就会来看你的。If I had had time last night, I should have come to see you.假如受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education.假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time.言外之意:问题已经出现了比较:If you are more careful,the mistake will be avoided.3 与将来事实相关的假设(纯的)从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) ＋动词过去式或were to do 或should do 形式，主句谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/ might ＋动词原形。假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他看见我， 就会认识我。If he should see me, he would know me.假如我们爬上山顶，我们能有一个好的视野吗？If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?事实上其中不想爬到山顶的人，说之4 If从句中若含有should, had 或者were，那么就可以把它们
放 在句首，与主语颠倒形成倒装，但动词过去式不可以与
主语倒装。如果他在，他会来帮助我们。Were he here, he would come to help us.假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。Had you been here just now, you would have met her.假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这一切。Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.假如你按照我说的去做，你就会成功。Had you done as I told you, you would have succeeded.5 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的
时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式
要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.假如我不忙，我就会来了。If I had not been busy, I would have come.假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.6 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由with,
without, but for等。If he had set out earlier, he would have been home then.比较:If I were not busy,I would come.If I am not busy,I will come. We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without
your help. (＝if we hadn’t got your help)7 含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的
条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句）Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格结构） But for rain(=If it hadn’t been for the rain), we would
have finished the work. 在It is (high) time (that)…的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常
用 过去式或should＋动词原形（should不能省略），表示“现
在该……”我们该走了。It is time we left. if only…表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是······就好了”，
相当于主语＋wish。要是今天是星期天就好了。If only it were Sunday today.要是他幽默点就好了。If only he had a sense of humor.It is time we should leave. 在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即说明现在事实的假设，用过去式；说过去事实的假设用过去完成式 (had done).
一、as if 连接表语从句
She looked as if she were made of ice.
她看起来似乎是冰做的
He looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.
二、as if 连接让步状语从 句
She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.
她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中他那样对待我，好像我式陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中
的谓语动词可用陈述语气。The exercises:虚拟语气用在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句中。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.虚拟语气表示委婉语气的句型中。It would be better for you not to do that. Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station.用于“may＋动词原形”表示“祝愿……”，may须置于句首。May you succeed!May you be happy!说将来之情况说过去之情况 某些简单句的固定句型：
Heaven help him!
God bless you!
May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!for fear of doingFor fear that sb. (should )doHe wrote the name down for fear (that) he (should) forget itlest 引导的状语从句 谓语动词用should do 或省去shouldTake care lest you fall.The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it (should) go wrong on the way.in caseBetter take more clothes in case the weather be cold.She explained again and again in case others (should) misunderstand her.虚拟语气练习
He looked after the orphan ____ he were her own child.
He speaks English so fluently ____ he had studied English in England.
____ he were to come here, he could not solve the problem.
I ______ he painted it blue now.
I ______ you had gone there then.as ifas ifAs ifEven ifhad betterWould ratherHe speaks as if he _____(be) an Englishman.
They talked as if they _______(be) good
friends for years. were had beenIf only I _____ (know) his name!knewIf only I __________(miss) the train!hadn’t missedEven if he _______(be) here, he couldn’t
solve the problem.
Without air, there __________(be) no
living things.
But for your help, I __________________(not, do) it.
If only I ____________(take) his advice,
but I didn’t. werewould becouldn’t have done had takenI was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _________________(come) to the meeting.Look at the clock! It’s(high) time we _______________(go) home.would have comewent/should goAlan ___ the party if he had gone to London.
A. would have missed B. had missed
C. would miss D. missed
2. If I knew you were coming, I ___ you at the airport.
A. had met B. met
C. would meet D. would have metAD3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)
A. listened B. had listened
C. should listen D. would listen
4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.
A. sell B. sold
C. shall sell D. would sell
5. I wish this bus ___ to the university.
A. go B. went
C. has gone D. had goneBAB6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.
A. get B. getting C. got D. should get
7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there.
A. had been B. were C. was D. been
8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then.
A. would lend B. would have lent
C. could lend D. may have lentCAB9. – Have you ever been to Beijing?
-- No, but I wish I ___.
A. have B. will C. do D. had
10. I don’t think it is the right time that you __.
A. will go B. went C. go D. must go
11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,
it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿.
A. breaks?? B. has broken??
C. were broken?? D. had been broken DBC