高考英语概要写作专项训练（Word版含答案）
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| 名称 | 高考英语概要写作专项训练（Word版含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-22 14:27:33 | ||
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概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Could you be flexitarian
What kind of food do you eat Are you conscious of the types of food you consume Although there is research on the right diet to follow to help us maintain a healthy lifestyle — but it’s hard to know which one to pick and, once chosen, it’s harder still to stick to it. And now there’s another choice for you.
A flexitarian diet involves eating plant-based foods and only occasionally eating meat and fish. This is a lovely alternative to being a vegetarian by not completely resisting meat.
This eating style allows you to supplement some ingredients that you wouldn’t get in a stricter vegan (纯素) diet. And like veganism, flexitarianism isn’t about eating carefully to help you lose a few pounds — it’s something people choose for ethical reasons, to help the planet. And a study into the global food system and how it affects the climate, has found that eating mainly plant-based foods is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all.
This research found that food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve to achieve this. But without a single solution, a combined approach is needed. Dr. Marco Springmann, one of the lead authors of the report argued “We really found that a combination of measures would be needed to stay within environmental limits and those include changes towards healthier more plant-based diets.”
While vegans think it’s wrong for animals to be killed for food, flexitarians believe eating meat once in a while is acceptable. And Dr. Springmann agrees — as long as we “treat it as a luxury, it’s probably acceptable but you shouldn’t have more than one serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week.” And here’s another fact to digest: If we moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture would be cut by more than half.
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2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Population Change of European Birds
The breeding bird populations in Europe have seen a great shift over the past three decades, driven by both climate crisis and human interferences, according to one of the world’s largest citizen science projects on biodiversity.
Overall, 35% of birds increased their breeding range. Dr. Iván Ramírez, senior head of conservation at BirdLife Europe and central Asia, said: “Those birds that have been legally protected have been doing better than those which are not protected. This is a really important message within the European Union. We have one of the oldest policies – the Birds Directive – and we can prove that it works.”
In addition, as the climate warms, forests are stretching into northern and agricultural regions. In parts of northern Europe, there has also been tree planting (mainly for wood and paper) and land abandonment (specifically in Mediterranean areas), which benefited many woodland species such as woodpeckers and warblers but caused damage to a number of other species as well. The research shows a total of 25% of birds now occupy a smaller area.
Generally, farmland birds are bigger losers, suffering overall declines in population and reduced distribution because agricultural intensification means there is less food, such as insects and remainder from harvesting. The State of Nature in the EU 2013-2018 assessment showed 80% of key habitats were in poor or bad condition, and intensive farming is a major driver of decline. The UK’s farmland birds have declined by 55% since 1970.
“Predictably, there are winners and losers. We can see how some species have expanded across the continent rapidly and have begun to colonize UK wetlands. In contrast, we can see ranges shrinking as species of northern Europe feel the impact of climate change, and species such as the dotterel are declining in numbers and range in northern Britain,” he said.
3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Meet The Member Who Quit Sugar
When I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.
I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.
It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.
Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.
But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.
It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change — I needed to change — and she could see how unhappy I was.
She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and — to my shock horror — cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.
But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.
I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.
Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.
Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.
I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet — quitting sugar or otherwise — to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.
4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
For thousands of years, people have sailed across the oceans to trade, explore, and transport goods. However, not every ship arrives at its port of destination. Weather, war, navigation mistakes, and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks, which are estimated to number more than three million, have long fascinated us. In addition to being historically important, they sometimes contain great riches.
Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters. Ships carrying documents and artifacts can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events. For instance, in 1977 the Pandora, which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia. The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny(暴动) on another ship -- the Bounty. Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann's Revenge, the flagship of the private Blackbeard.
Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration, as companies use advanced sonar, robots, and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships. One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration. The company has found hundreds of ships, including, in 2007, a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship, which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean, carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million. Soon after the discovery, a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government. Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.
5．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Hope
Nothing in my life had prepared me for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke（中风），that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said, “Maybe Grandma will be okay.” “Maybe she will,” I said, keeping back the tears, But I knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.
The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mother’s side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I told her that it wasn’t time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved her. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that she’d get better. The doctors, with all their years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too extensive.
Then, a couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up. She regained consciousness. Persevered through a long and tough recovery, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasn’t shocked was Amerlia. The doctors couldn’t explain it. Amelia didn’t need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathings.
So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes Maybe it’s because over the year, life’s disappointments can turn us to disillusionment（理想破灭）. How many times have you heard someone say: “Hope for the best, expect the worst” That’s not really hope at all.
Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.
6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Unfair Comparisons
Thanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.
We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeChat friends’ updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful Are their vacations more expensive and exciting Are their careers more successful and rewarding
Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.
“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,” Steers said. “The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”
This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons (to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.
“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”
So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.
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7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Surveys indicate that a third of Britons regularly eat on their own. OpenTable, an online restaurant booking app, found that solo dining in New York increased by 80% during the past 5 years. And in Japan, the world capital of solo dining, a trend for "low interaction dining11 has taken off. Restaurants are opening which facilitate the ultimate solo dining experience: passing bowls of noodles through black curtains into individual booths.
Is this a worrying trend We think so. Research is revealing the negative impacts of eating alone, which has been found to be linked to a variety of mental and physical health conditions, from depression and diabetes to high blood pressure.
So it's cheering that hundreds of food sharing initiatives have sprung up around the world. There's London's Casserole Club, for example, whose volunteers share portions of home-cooked food with people in their area who aren't always able to cook for themselves, in which case they put an end to food waste. Or there is South Africa's Food Jams, social gatherings in which participants are paired up, preferably with strangers, and given a portion of the meal to prepare. Many participants interviewed mentioned that their loneliness was greatly relieved. Such initiatives offer lessons of all kinds to those thinking about how our food systems need to change. They also somewhat compensate for the undesirable outcomes sole eating brings.
So why do people stop eating together There are a variety of reasons. Authors such as Michael Pollan argue that it is due to the fact that people attach less value to home-based labor, including cooking. The widening of the workforce, which brought many women out of the kitchen and into the workplace during the 20th century, also contributed. Meanwhile, the growth in insecure and inconsistent working patterns among a growing proportion of the population also discourages meals eaten communally.
8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Will people reduce car use in 20 years？
Nowadays, the ownership of cars is no longer being recognized as a symbol of one’s wealth and social position. Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects. These rising problems also cause some people to predict that the use of cars might be reduced in two decades.
Above all, the use of cars remarkably threatens our environment, if such a tendency is not brought under control in time, the Earth will no longer be a suitable place for humans to survive in the future. People have to face the consequence. It is a reality from which no one is able to escape. Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air. The carbon dioxide leads to the worldwide greenhouse effect, which causes the sea level to rise and produces negative impacts on weather. In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars. In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, people ought to reduce the use of cars.
In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars. If such a tendency continues, the effect will be shown in the near future. For example, to reach the goal of building a safe and harmonious society, Beijing Traffic Management Bureau has restricted regional traffic in rush hours on working days. A number of private cars are prohibited on no-driving-days.
Last, the advancement of public transportation systems also helps change car owners’ way of travelling. Efforts are being made to construct more agreeable networks of buses, subways, trains and airplanes. In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles.
9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Solving the Problem of E-Waste
One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.
Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.
There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.
As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.
These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What Is Zero Waste
The goal of the “zero waste” movement is to get rid of all waste from products. “Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
Creating a zero waste restaurant is a challenge. It is very difficult to use every part of produce and leave nothing behind. Creating a soup from unused ingredients is a popular way to use up extra food items. Other ways are more advanced. Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
In the fashion industry, zero waste isn’t a new idea. But in today’s world of fast fashion, zero waste is growing more popular. Usually, cutting cloth creates lots of waste. In zero waste fashion, designers try to avoid this. One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products. All restaurants need utensils（器皿）. Bakey’s is a company that is developing edible（可食用的）utensils. After using them, you can eat them! Their spoons are made of flour and come in all kinds of flavors. While these spoons are not hard enough to cut meat, they are perfect for rice dishes. Meanwhile, Air New Zealand is experimenting with edible coffee cups that are made by the company Twice. They have already introduced a line of flavored cups. After you finish your coffee, you eat the cup, just like a cookie!
Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.
参考答案：
1．To help maintain a healthy lifestyle, we need to keep a right diet, but choosing food is really hard. Unlike vegan diets, a flexitarian one, eating mainly plant-based foods and occasionally having meat, can be beneficial to the environment as well as our health. Of course, the amount of meat one takes should be limited.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇是一篇说明文。选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难。与素食主义者饮食不同，现在有一种灵活的饮食，以食用植物为主，偶尔食用肉类，对环境和健康都有益。当然，应该限制肉的摄入量。
【详解】
第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述的是选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难，第二段介绍了灵活饮食，；第三四段主要讲述了灵活饮食对环境和健康都有益；第五段提出灵活饮食者偶尔吃肉是可以的，但是肉的摄入量要控制。
第二步，可以择出重要的信息，选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难；灵活饮食以食用植物为主，偶尔食用肉类； 灵活饮食对环境和健康都有益；肉的摄入量要控制。
第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。
【点睛】
概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为灵活饮食，第一段讲述的是选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难，第二段介绍了灵活饮食，；第三四段主要讲述了灵活饮食对环境和健康都有益；第五段提出灵活饮食者偶尔吃肉是可以的，但是肉的摄入量要控制。；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。
2．European bird populations have changed dramatically due to climate change and human intervention. Over one-third of birds have expanded breeding range, especially those legally protected. Global warming enables forests to expand further, benefiting woodland inhabitants. However, intensive farming and climate change caused reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，由于气候变化和人类的干预，欧洲鸟类的数量发生了巨大的变化。超过三分之一的鸟类扩大了繁殖范围，特别是那些受法律保护的鸟类。全球变暖使森林面积进一步扩大，使森林居民受益。然而，集约化农业和气候变化导致一些鸟类的数量和范围减少，特别是农田鸟类。
【详解】
1.要点摘录 ①The breeding bird populations in Europe have seen a great shift over the past three decades, driven by both climate crisis and human interferences,… ②Overall, 35% of birds increased their breeding range. ③Those birds that have been legally protected have been doing better than those which are not protected. ④In addition, as the climate warms, forests are stretching into northern and agricultural regions.⑤The State of Nature in the EU 2013-2018 assessment showed 80% of key habitats were in poor or bad condition, and intensive farming is a major driver of decline. The UK’s farmland birds have declined by 55% since 1970.
2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第5个要点进行精简整合。
3.遣词造句 Over one-third of birds have expanded breeding range, especially those legally protected. However, intensive farming and climate change caused reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]European bird populations have changed dramatically due to climate change and human intervention.用介词短语due to…改写原句driven by…，表达非常高级；
[高分句型2]Global warming enables forests to expand further, benefiting woodland inhabitants.使用现在分词短语作状语，且要点概括精当；
[高分句型3]However, intensive farming and climate change caused reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular.用一个简单句概括了最后一段内容，且用恰当的表转折的副词however连接上下文，使短文连接紧凑条理，逻辑性强。
3．参考范例：
After experiencing a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight, the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar. She turned to her mother and healthy food. After struggling with her weight and sugar-eating habit, now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before. Her experience is to take action and support.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个非常胖的女孩的减肥历程。
1.要点摘录①根据第1段到第5段中的“When I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.”“I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked.”“I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.”“Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial.”可得出要点①she experienced a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight。
②根据第5段到第6段中的“But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.”“It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change — I needed to change — and she could see how unhappy I was.”可得出要点②the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar. She turned to her mother and healthy food。
③根据第7段到第9段中的“She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and — to my shock horror — cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first.”“I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.”“ I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire.”可得出要点③struggle with her weight and sugar-eating habit。
④根据第10段到第11段“Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved.” “Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself.”可得出要点④now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before。
⑤根据最后一段中的“I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet — quitting sugar or otherwise — to share their decision with people.”及“And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.”可得出要点⑤Her experience is to take action and support。
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，第5要点可以独立。
3.遣词造句After experiencing a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight, the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar.
She turned to her mother and healthy food.
After struggling with her weight and sugar-eating habit, now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before.
Her experience is to take action and support.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] After experiencing a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight, the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar.运用介词加动名词，对原文第1段到第5段进行了概括。其中after experiencing、due to、make up one’s mind to do sth.属于表达高级。[高分句型2] She turned to her mother and healthy food.运用简单句对第6段进行了概括，简洁明了。[高分句型3] After struggling with her weight and sugar-eating habit, now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before. 运用介词加动名词，对原文第7段到第11段进行了概括。其中struggle with、现在完成时及比较级的用法比较高级。
[高分句型3] Her experience is to take action and support. 运用简单句对第12段进行了概括，简洁明了。其中使用了不定式作表语。
4．Historical importance and profits are the two main driving forces for shipwreck explorations. Key information about ancient civilizations and important events can be obtained from the wreckage. Besides, huge treasures can also be found by using advanced equipment. However, the finding of the treasure sometimes sparks legal debate over ownership.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，历史重要性和利润是沉船探索的两大主要驱动力。关于古代文明和重要事件的关键信息可以从残骸中获得。此外，利用先进的设备也可以发现巨大的宝藏。然而，宝藏的发现有时会引发有关所有权的法律辩论。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters.
②Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration, as companies use advanced sonar, robots, and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships.
③In addition to being historically important, they sometimes contain great riches.
④Ships carrying documents and artifacts can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events.
⑤ Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Historical importance and profits are the two main driving forces for shipwreck explorations.
Key information about ancient civilizations and important events can be obtained from the wreckage.
Besides, huge treasures can also be found by using advanced equipment.
However, the finding of the treasure sometimes sparks legal debate over ownership.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Key information about ancient civilizations and important events can be obtained from the wreckage.这句话运用了情态动词的被动语态。
[高分句型2]：Besides, huge treasures can also be found by using advanced equipment. 这句话运用了动名词作介词by的宾语。
5．Doctors were pessimistic about my mother s stroke while my little daughter, Amelia, full of hope. I passed on Amelia’s hope when our family gathered to bid farewell to her n hospital Incredibly, she recovered and came back home after a period of restoration Everyone was astonished except Amelia. Hope does bring people in trouble amazement. (55 words)
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概述写作。读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要用自己的语言，不能用文章的原句。文章讲述了作者的母亲突然中风昏迷，当作者小心翼翼把这一消息告诉自己的女儿时，女儿却充满希望地说：奶奶会好的。女儿的希望成真，作者的母亲真的苏醒了，最终回了家。作者由此生发感概：希望给了我们惊喜，叫世界充满奇迹。
【详解】
写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。
2）弄清要求。这篇概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
本篇概要写作的原文是记叙文。是作者对自己家庭所发生故事的讲述，最后是议。所以，写作时一是要写出事情的主要经过：母亲突然生病、女儿的反应和我听了女儿的话后的作为，最后经过锻炼和复健，母亲回家了。二是要写出作者的“议”。事件的基本过程为主，议是总结和升华。
【点睛】
范文对原文要点的理解正确和呈现完整；应用语法结构和词汇准确；上下文连贯；要点表达独立。涵盖了全部要求，完全使用了自己的语言，准确使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，所写内容与所提供内容密切相关，没有出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
6．Social media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于议论文，讲述不正确的比较会让我们抑郁，降低幸福感。
【详解】
本文为总分结构，首先抛出观点社交媒体的发展，不正确的比较让我们更容易抑郁，之后具体解释了其原因，人们总是忍不住要去和朋友作比较，而朋友更多展示好的，隐藏了不好的东西，最后得出结论，提升幸福感要适当避开社交媒体。
7．The trend of sole dining is catching on in major countries. However, it does harm physically and mentally. Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness. Eating together has declined because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home, more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。单人用餐的趋势正在主要国家流行起来。然而，它确实会伤害身体和精神。幸运的是，食物共享计划通过避免食物浪费和对抗孤独来弥补它的不良影响。由于人们低估了在家做饭的价值，更多的女性进入职场，以及工作关系的弱化，在一起吃饭的人数有所下降。
【详解】
1 要点摘录①.Surveys indicate that a third of Britons regularly eat on their own. OpenTable, an online restaurant booking app, found that solo dining in New York increased by 80% during the past 5 years.
②.Research is revealing the negative impacts of eating alone, which has been found to be linked to a variety of mental and physical health conditions, from depression and diabetes to high blood pressure.
③.There's London's Casserole Club, for example, whose volunteers share portions of home-cooked food with people in their area who aren't always able to cook for themselves, in which case they put an end to food waste.
④.The widening of the workforce, which brought many women out of the kitchen and into the workplace during the 20th century, also contributed.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句The trend of sole dining is catching on in major countries. However, it does harm physically and mentally. Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness.Because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home, more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships, they often choose to eat alone.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] However, it does harm physically and mentally. (使用however对前文内容表达转折，physically和mentally副词作状语修饰动作does harm。)
[高分句型2]Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness.(运用介词by+doing作方式状语，表达比较高级。)
[高分句型3]Eating together has declined because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home, more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships.(使用动名词eating作主语，because of后接名词短语和动名词作并列宾语，充分使用了非谓语动词里的高级表达。)
8．Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. First, by emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. Besides, energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society. Therefore, the government has taken various measures like restrictions. Last, public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech. (58words)
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拥有汽车已不是财富和社会地位的象征，有车一族数量的增加带来了许多负面影响，威胁着我们的环境，浪费了更多的能源，并提出人们应该减少汽车的使用，通过政府采取措施，公共交通系统进步改变人们出行方式，技术进步降低乘坐公共交通成本等方法减少私家车的使用。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives.
②Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects.
③Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air.
④In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars.
⑤In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars.
⑥In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组；将3、4两个要点进行整合；将5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects.
By emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment.
Energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society.
the government has taken various measures like restrictions.
public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. 运用介词“Despite+名词”表示“即使”，对原文第一段进行了概括。表达高级。
[高分句型2]：By emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. 用介词短语作方式状语对第二段的大量使用私家车造成空气污染的消极影响进行了概括，表达非常高级。
9．One of the problems destroying our planet is the stuff we throw away, especially broken and not recycled electronic items. Fortunately, people are finding solutions to give e-waste a new life. Repair events as well as club could be of help, and e-waste mining is also a new way to deal with the problem of e-waste. Besides, there are even laws insisting manufacturers make appliances longer-lasting in some countries.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，破坏人类地球环境的问题之一是我们扔掉的东西太多了。近年来，在我们扔掉的东西清单上又增加了一项——坏了、无法回收的电子产品。本文介绍一些用来处理电子垃圾问题的新方法。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away..
② now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.
③There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk.
④As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining.
⑤the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting
2.缜密构思 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
One of the problems destroying our planet is the stuff we throw away, especially broken and not recycled electronic items.
Fortunately, People are finding solutions to give e-waste a new life.
Repair events as well as club could be of help, and e-waste mining is also a new ways to deal with the problem of e-waste.
Besides, there are even laws insisting manufacturers make appliances longer-lasting in some countries.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] One of the problems destroying our planet is the stuff we throw away, especially broken and not recycled electronic items. 运用一个定语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]： Repair events as well as club could be of help, and e-waste mining is also a new way to deal with the problem of e-waste. 用并列句对三四段内容进行概括。
10．Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity. Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers. Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils. Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste worldwide.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是零浪费。零浪费意味着从一个产品中消除所有的浪费，这个运动越来越流行。一些餐馆正在创造性地使用未使用的配料或食物残羹剩饭。时装设计师要么避免不必要的裁剪布料，要么寻找额外布料的新用途。此外，许多公司正在创造食用产品，特别是餐具。希望零浪费运动可以帮助减少全球的废物。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
1）“Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
2）Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
3）One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
4）Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products.
5）Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点分别概括。
3.遣词造句
Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity.
Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers.
Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils.
Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste worldwide.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers.运用动词不定式作定语修饰way，对第二段进行概括。
[高分句型2]：Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts.用avoid加动名词作宾语，用either …or连接并列成分，对第三段进行概括，表达非常高级。
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Could you be flexitarian
What kind of food do you eat Are you conscious of the types of food you consume Although there is research on the right diet to follow to help us maintain a healthy lifestyle — but it’s hard to know which one to pick and, once chosen, it’s harder still to stick to it. And now there’s another choice for you.
A flexitarian diet involves eating plant-based foods and only occasionally eating meat and fish. This is a lovely alternative to being a vegetarian by not completely resisting meat.
This eating style allows you to supplement some ingredients that you wouldn’t get in a stricter vegan (纯素) diet. And like veganism, flexitarianism isn’t about eating carefully to help you lose a few pounds — it’s something people choose for ethical reasons, to help the planet. And a study into the global food system and how it affects the climate, has found that eating mainly plant-based foods is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all.
This research found that food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve to achieve this. But without a single solution, a combined approach is needed. Dr. Marco Springmann, one of the lead authors of the report argued “We really found that a combination of measures would be needed to stay within environmental limits and those include changes towards healthier more plant-based diets.”
While vegans think it’s wrong for animals to be killed for food, flexitarians believe eating meat once in a while is acceptable. And Dr. Springmann agrees — as long as we “treat it as a luxury, it’s probably acceptable but you shouldn’t have more than one serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week.” And here’s another fact to digest: If we moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture would be cut by more than half.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Population Change of European Birds
The breeding bird populations in Europe have seen a great shift over the past three decades, driven by both climate crisis and human interferences, according to one of the world’s largest citizen science projects on biodiversity.
Overall, 35% of birds increased their breeding range. Dr. Iván Ramírez, senior head of conservation at BirdLife Europe and central Asia, said: “Those birds that have been legally protected have been doing better than those which are not protected. This is a really important message within the European Union. We have one of the oldest policies – the Birds Directive – and we can prove that it works.”
In addition, as the climate warms, forests are stretching into northern and agricultural regions. In parts of northern Europe, there has also been tree planting (mainly for wood and paper) and land abandonment (specifically in Mediterranean areas), which benefited many woodland species such as woodpeckers and warblers but caused damage to a number of other species as well. The research shows a total of 25% of birds now occupy a smaller area.
Generally, farmland birds are bigger losers, suffering overall declines in population and reduced distribution because agricultural intensification means there is less food, such as insects and remainder from harvesting. The State of Nature in the EU 2013-2018 assessment showed 80% of key habitats were in poor or bad condition, and intensive farming is a major driver of decline. The UK’s farmland birds have declined by 55% since 1970.
“Predictably, there are winners and losers. We can see how some species have expanded across the continent rapidly and have begun to colonize UK wetlands. In contrast, we can see ranges shrinking as species of northern Europe feel the impact of climate change, and species such as the dotterel are declining in numbers and range in northern Britain,” he said.
3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Meet The Member Who Quit Sugar
When I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.
I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.
It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.
Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.
But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.
It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change — I needed to change — and she could see how unhappy I was.
She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and — to my shock horror — cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.
But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.
I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.
Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.
Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.
I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet — quitting sugar or otherwise — to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.
4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
For thousands of years, people have sailed across the oceans to trade, explore, and transport goods. However, not every ship arrives at its port of destination. Weather, war, navigation mistakes, and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks, which are estimated to number more than three million, have long fascinated us. In addition to being historically important, they sometimes contain great riches.
Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters. Ships carrying documents and artifacts can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events. For instance, in 1977 the Pandora, which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia. The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny(暴动) on another ship -- the Bounty. Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann's Revenge, the flagship of the private Blackbeard.
Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration, as companies use advanced sonar, robots, and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships. One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration. The company has found hundreds of ships, including, in 2007, a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship, which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean, carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million. Soon after the discovery, a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government. Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.
5．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Hope
Nothing in my life had prepared me for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke（中风），that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said, “Maybe Grandma will be okay.” “Maybe she will,” I said, keeping back the tears, But I knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.
The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mother’s side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I told her that it wasn’t time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved her. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that she’d get better. The doctors, with all their years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too extensive.
Then, a couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up. She regained consciousness. Persevered through a long and tough recovery, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasn’t shocked was Amerlia. The doctors couldn’t explain it. Amelia didn’t need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathings.
So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes Maybe it’s because over the year, life’s disappointments can turn us to disillusionment（理想破灭）. How many times have you heard someone say: “Hope for the best, expect the worst” That’s not really hope at all.
Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.
6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Unfair Comparisons
Thanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.
We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeChat friends’ updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful Are their vacations more expensive and exciting Are their careers more successful and rewarding
Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.
“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,” Steers said. “The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”
This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons (to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.
“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”
So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Surveys indicate that a third of Britons regularly eat on their own. OpenTable, an online restaurant booking app, found that solo dining in New York increased by 80% during the past 5 years. And in Japan, the world capital of solo dining, a trend for "low interaction dining11 has taken off. Restaurants are opening which facilitate the ultimate solo dining experience: passing bowls of noodles through black curtains into individual booths.
Is this a worrying trend We think so. Research is revealing the negative impacts of eating alone, which has been found to be linked to a variety of mental and physical health conditions, from depression and diabetes to high blood pressure.
So it's cheering that hundreds of food sharing initiatives have sprung up around the world. There's London's Casserole Club, for example, whose volunteers share portions of home-cooked food with people in their area who aren't always able to cook for themselves, in which case they put an end to food waste. Or there is South Africa's Food Jams, social gatherings in which participants are paired up, preferably with strangers, and given a portion of the meal to prepare. Many participants interviewed mentioned that their loneliness was greatly relieved. Such initiatives offer lessons of all kinds to those thinking about how our food systems need to change. They also somewhat compensate for the undesirable outcomes sole eating brings.
So why do people stop eating together There are a variety of reasons. Authors such as Michael Pollan argue that it is due to the fact that people attach less value to home-based labor, including cooking. The widening of the workforce, which brought many women out of the kitchen and into the workplace during the 20th century, also contributed. Meanwhile, the growth in insecure and inconsistent working patterns among a growing proportion of the population also discourages meals eaten communally.
8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Will people reduce car use in 20 years？
Nowadays, the ownership of cars is no longer being recognized as a symbol of one’s wealth and social position. Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects. These rising problems also cause some people to predict that the use of cars might be reduced in two decades.
Above all, the use of cars remarkably threatens our environment, if such a tendency is not brought under control in time, the Earth will no longer be a suitable place for humans to survive in the future. People have to face the consequence. It is a reality from which no one is able to escape. Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air. The carbon dioxide leads to the worldwide greenhouse effect, which causes the sea level to rise and produces negative impacts on weather. In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars. In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, people ought to reduce the use of cars.
In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars. If such a tendency continues, the effect will be shown in the near future. For example, to reach the goal of building a safe and harmonious society, Beijing Traffic Management Bureau has restricted regional traffic in rush hours on working days. A number of private cars are prohibited on no-driving-days.
Last, the advancement of public transportation systems also helps change car owners’ way of travelling. Efforts are being made to construct more agreeable networks of buses, subways, trains and airplanes. In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles.
9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Solving the Problem of E-Waste
One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.
Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.
There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.
As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.
These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What Is Zero Waste
The goal of the “zero waste” movement is to get rid of all waste from products. “Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
Creating a zero waste restaurant is a challenge. It is very difficult to use every part of produce and leave nothing behind. Creating a soup from unused ingredients is a popular way to use up extra food items. Other ways are more advanced. Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
In the fashion industry, zero waste isn’t a new idea. But in today’s world of fast fashion, zero waste is growing more popular. Usually, cutting cloth creates lots of waste. In zero waste fashion, designers try to avoid this. One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products. All restaurants need utensils（器皿）. Bakey’s is a company that is developing edible（可食用的）utensils. After using them, you can eat them! Their spoons are made of flour and come in all kinds of flavors. While these spoons are not hard enough to cut meat, they are perfect for rice dishes. Meanwhile, Air New Zealand is experimenting with edible coffee cups that are made by the company Twice. They have already introduced a line of flavored cups. After you finish your coffee, you eat the cup, just like a cookie!
Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.
参考答案：
1．To help maintain a healthy lifestyle, we need to keep a right diet, but choosing food is really hard. Unlike vegan diets, a flexitarian one, eating mainly plant-based foods and occasionally having meat, can be beneficial to the environment as well as our health. Of course, the amount of meat one takes should be limited.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇是一篇说明文。选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难。与素食主义者饮食不同，现在有一种灵活的饮食，以食用植物为主，偶尔食用肉类，对环境和健康都有益。当然，应该限制肉的摄入量。
【详解】
第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述的是选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难，第二段介绍了灵活饮食，；第三四段主要讲述了灵活饮食对环境和健康都有益；第五段提出灵活饮食者偶尔吃肉是可以的，但是肉的摄入量要控制。
第二步，可以择出重要的信息，选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难；灵活饮食以食用植物为主，偶尔食用肉类； 灵活饮食对环境和健康都有益；肉的摄入量要控制。
第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。
【点睛】
概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为灵活饮食，第一段讲述的是选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难，第二段介绍了灵活饮食，；第三四段主要讲述了灵活饮食对环境和健康都有益；第五段提出灵活饮食者偶尔吃肉是可以的，但是肉的摄入量要控制。；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。
2．European bird populations have changed dramatically due to climate change and human intervention. Over one-third of birds have expanded breeding range, especially those legally protected. Global warming enables forests to expand further, benefiting woodland inhabitants. However, intensive farming and climate change caused reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，由于气候变化和人类的干预，欧洲鸟类的数量发生了巨大的变化。超过三分之一的鸟类扩大了繁殖范围，特别是那些受法律保护的鸟类。全球变暖使森林面积进一步扩大，使森林居民受益。然而，集约化农业和气候变化导致一些鸟类的数量和范围减少，特别是农田鸟类。
【详解】
1.要点摘录 ①The breeding bird populations in Europe have seen a great shift over the past three decades, driven by both climate crisis and human interferences,… ②Overall, 35% of birds increased their breeding range. ③Those birds that have been legally protected have been doing better than those which are not protected. ④In addition, as the climate warms, forests are stretching into northern and agricultural regions.⑤The State of Nature in the EU 2013-2018 assessment showed 80% of key habitats were in poor or bad condition, and intensive farming is a major driver of decline. The UK’s farmland birds have declined by 55% since 1970.
2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第5个要点进行精简整合。
3.遣词造句 Over one-third of birds have expanded breeding range, especially those legally protected. However, intensive farming and climate change caused reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]European bird populations have changed dramatically due to climate change and human intervention.用介词短语due to…改写原句driven by…，表达非常高级；
[高分句型2]Global warming enables forests to expand further, benefiting woodland inhabitants.使用现在分词短语作状语，且要点概括精当；
[高分句型3]However, intensive farming and climate change caused reduced number and range of some bird species, farmland birds in particular.用一个简单句概括了最后一段内容，且用恰当的表转折的副词however连接上下文，使短文连接紧凑条理，逻辑性强。
3．参考范例：
After experiencing a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight, the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar. She turned to her mother and healthy food. After struggling with her weight and sugar-eating habit, now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before. Her experience is to take action and support.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个非常胖的女孩的减肥历程。
1.要点摘录①根据第1段到第5段中的“When I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.”“I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked.”“I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.”“Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial.”可得出要点①she experienced a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight。
②根据第5段到第6段中的“But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.”“It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change — I needed to change — and she could see how unhappy I was.”可得出要点②the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar. She turned to her mother and healthy food。
③根据第7段到第9段中的“She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and — to my shock horror — cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first.”“I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.”“ I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire.”可得出要点③struggle with her weight and sugar-eating habit。
④根据第10段到第11段“Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved.” “Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself.”可得出要点④now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before。
⑤根据最后一段中的“I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet — quitting sugar or otherwise — to share their decision with people.”及“And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.”可得出要点⑤Her experience is to take action and support。
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，第5要点可以独立。
3.遣词造句After experiencing a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight, the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar.
She turned to her mother and healthy food.
After struggling with her weight and sugar-eating habit, now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before.
Her experience is to take action and support.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] After experiencing a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight, the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar.运用介词加动名词，对原文第1段到第5段进行了概括。其中after experiencing、due to、make up one’s mind to do sth.属于表达高级。[高分句型2] She turned to her mother and healthy food.运用简单句对第6段进行了概括，简洁明了。[高分句型3] After struggling with her weight and sugar-eating habit, now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before. 运用介词加动名词，对原文第7段到第11段进行了概括。其中struggle with、现在完成时及比较级的用法比较高级。
[高分句型3] Her experience is to take action and support. 运用简单句对第12段进行了概括，简洁明了。其中使用了不定式作表语。
4．Historical importance and profits are the two main driving forces for shipwreck explorations. Key information about ancient civilizations and important events can be obtained from the wreckage. Besides, huge treasures can also be found by using advanced equipment. However, the finding of the treasure sometimes sparks legal debate over ownership.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，历史重要性和利润是沉船探索的两大主要驱动力。关于古代文明和重要事件的关键信息可以从残骸中获得。此外，利用先进的设备也可以发现巨大的宝藏。然而，宝藏的发现有时会引发有关所有权的法律辩论。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters.
②Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration, as companies use advanced sonar, robots, and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships.
③In addition to being historically important, they sometimes contain great riches.
④Ships carrying documents and artifacts can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events.
⑤ Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Historical importance and profits are the two main driving forces for shipwreck explorations.
Key information about ancient civilizations and important events can be obtained from the wreckage.
Besides, huge treasures can also be found by using advanced equipment.
However, the finding of the treasure sometimes sparks legal debate over ownership.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Key information about ancient civilizations and important events can be obtained from the wreckage.这句话运用了情态动词的被动语态。
[高分句型2]：Besides, huge treasures can also be found by using advanced equipment. 这句话运用了动名词作介词by的宾语。
5．Doctors were pessimistic about my mother s stroke while my little daughter, Amelia, full of hope. I passed on Amelia’s hope when our family gathered to bid farewell to her n hospital Incredibly, she recovered and came back home after a period of restoration Everyone was astonished except Amelia. Hope does bring people in trouble amazement. (55 words)
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概述写作。读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要用自己的语言，不能用文章的原句。文章讲述了作者的母亲突然中风昏迷，当作者小心翼翼把这一消息告诉自己的女儿时，女儿却充满希望地说：奶奶会好的。女儿的希望成真，作者的母亲真的苏醒了，最终回了家。作者由此生发感概：希望给了我们惊喜，叫世界充满奇迹。
【详解】
写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。
2）弄清要求。这篇概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
本篇概要写作的原文是记叙文。是作者对自己家庭所发生故事的讲述，最后是议。所以，写作时一是要写出事情的主要经过：母亲突然生病、女儿的反应和我听了女儿的话后的作为，最后经过锻炼和复健，母亲回家了。二是要写出作者的“议”。事件的基本过程为主，议是总结和升华。
【点睛】
范文对原文要点的理解正确和呈现完整；应用语法结构和词汇准确；上下文连贯；要点表达独立。涵盖了全部要求，完全使用了自己的语言，准确使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，所写内容与所提供内容密切相关，没有出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
6．Social media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于议论文，讲述不正确的比较会让我们抑郁，降低幸福感。
【详解】
本文为总分结构，首先抛出观点社交媒体的发展，不正确的比较让我们更容易抑郁，之后具体解释了其原因，人们总是忍不住要去和朋友作比较，而朋友更多展示好的，隐藏了不好的东西，最后得出结论，提升幸福感要适当避开社交媒体。
7．The trend of sole dining is catching on in major countries. However, it does harm physically and mentally. Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness. Eating together has declined because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home, more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。单人用餐的趋势正在主要国家流行起来。然而，它确实会伤害身体和精神。幸运的是，食物共享计划通过避免食物浪费和对抗孤独来弥补它的不良影响。由于人们低估了在家做饭的价值，更多的女性进入职场，以及工作关系的弱化，在一起吃饭的人数有所下降。
【详解】
1 要点摘录①.Surveys indicate that a third of Britons regularly eat on their own. OpenTable, an online restaurant booking app, found that solo dining in New York increased by 80% during the past 5 years.
②.Research is revealing the negative impacts of eating alone, which has been found to be linked to a variety of mental and physical health conditions, from depression and diabetes to high blood pressure.
③.There's London's Casserole Club, for example, whose volunteers share portions of home-cooked food with people in their area who aren't always able to cook for themselves, in which case they put an end to food waste.
④.The widening of the workforce, which brought many women out of the kitchen and into the workplace during the 20th century, also contributed.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句The trend of sole dining is catching on in major countries. However, it does harm physically and mentally. Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness.Because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home, more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships, they often choose to eat alone.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] However, it does harm physically and mentally. (使用however对前文内容表达转折，physically和mentally副词作状语修饰动作does harm。)
[高分句型2]Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness.(运用介词by+doing作方式状语，表达比较高级。)
[高分句型3]Eating together has declined because of people’s undervaluing of cooking at home, more women’s entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships.(使用动名词eating作主语，because of后接名词短语和动名词作并列宾语，充分使用了非谓语动词里的高级表达。)
8．Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. First, by emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. Besides, energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society. Therefore, the government has taken various measures like restrictions. Last, public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech. (58words)
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拥有汽车已不是财富和社会地位的象征，有车一族数量的增加带来了许多负面影响，威胁着我们的环境，浪费了更多的能源，并提出人们应该减少汽车的使用，通过政府采取措施，公共交通系统进步改变人们出行方式，技术进步降低乘坐公共交通成本等方法减少私家车的使用。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives.
②Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects.
③Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air.
④In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars.
⑤In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars.
⑥In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组；将3、4两个要点进行整合；将5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects.
By emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment.
Energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society.
the government has taken various measures like restrictions.
public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. 运用介词“Despite+名词”表示“即使”，对原文第一段进行了概括。表达高级。
[高分句型2]：By emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. 用介词短语作方式状语对第二段的大量使用私家车造成空气污染的消极影响进行了概括，表达非常高级。
9．One of the problems destroying our planet is the stuff we throw away, especially broken and not recycled electronic items. Fortunately, people are finding solutions to give e-waste a new life. Repair events as well as club could be of help, and e-waste mining is also a new way to deal with the problem of e-waste. Besides, there are even laws insisting manufacturers make appliances longer-lasting in some countries.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，破坏人类地球环境的问题之一是我们扔掉的东西太多了。近年来，在我们扔掉的东西清单上又增加了一项——坏了、无法回收的电子产品。本文介绍一些用来处理电子垃圾问题的新方法。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away..
② now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.
③There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk.
④As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining.
⑤the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting
2.缜密构思 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
One of the problems destroying our planet is the stuff we throw away, especially broken and not recycled electronic items.
Fortunately, People are finding solutions to give e-waste a new life.
Repair events as well as club could be of help, and e-waste mining is also a new ways to deal with the problem of e-waste.
Besides, there are even laws insisting manufacturers make appliances longer-lasting in some countries.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] One of the problems destroying our planet is the stuff we throw away, especially broken and not recycled electronic items. 运用一个定语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]： Repair events as well as club could be of help, and e-waste mining is also a new way to deal with the problem of e-waste. 用并列句对三四段内容进行概括。
10．Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity. Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers. Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils. Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste worldwide.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是零浪费。零浪费意味着从一个产品中消除所有的浪费，这个运动越来越流行。一些餐馆正在创造性地使用未使用的配料或食物残羹剩饭。时装设计师要么避免不必要的裁剪布料，要么寻找额外布料的新用途。此外，许多公司正在创造食用产品，特别是餐具。希望零浪费运动可以帮助减少全球的废物。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
1）“Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
2）Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
3）One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
4）Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products.
5）Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点分别概括。
3.遣词造句
Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity.
Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers.
Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils.
Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste worldwide.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers.运用动词不定式作定语修饰way，对第二段进行概括。
[高分句型2]：Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts.用avoid加动名词作宾语，用either …or连接并列成分，对第三段进行概括，表达非常高级。