高中英语高考概要写作模拟训练（10篇有答案）
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| 名称 | 高中英语高考概要写作模拟训练（10篇有答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-22 14:36:38 | ||
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概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat.” It’s a phrase that’s often used to warn people, especially children, not to ask too many questions. Yet it’s widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective. In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.
Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveriesand open up new possibilities. In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits. For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil (线圈) and a magnet (磁铁) when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. The discovery changed the world.
However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology. On one level, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore.
In addition to this, there’s the fact that we all now connect so deeply with technology, particularly with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides up with. Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.
The final—and perhaps most worrying—way in which technology stops us from asking more has to do with algorithms, the processes followed by computers. As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas. Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.
2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old People
Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing.
Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect.
Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance.
Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art (武术), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.”
3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
If you’re like most of the world, you make time for following friends on social media. That is not a bad thing at all. Positive posting and communication can help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others. It can be surprisingly easy, though, to unconsciously slip into less healthful behavior on social media, and that can lead to anxiety and depression. New research has identified which habits can lead to troubles.
Do you feel jealous every time you read on social media about your cousin’s beautiful new home or you boss’ exciting European vacation？ “Surveillance” of those you know in order to get an inside look of their material success is a potentially destructive behavior, according to researchers at the University of Missouri. Measuring material or lifestyle achievements of someone you know can lead to negative feelings, and can easily lead you to create tension in a relationship where there was none.
A second study by the University of Missouri found that people who post often- about anything and everything they are doing- experience more troubles in their marriages and romantic relationships than those who don’t post about their lives in detail. Another study by researchers at Boston University also found that heavy social media users are 32% more likely to think about leaving their husbands or wives.
This is most likely because over-sharing your life with others by direct messaging and posting images can create relationship conflict. Not only are you potentially developing bonds with new people, but also that bonding may deepen and affect your own relationship, according to the study of a doctoral student, Russell Clayton.
4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s. of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Things to Do After You Study
Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session. But what you do after studying could have an effect on how well you learn and remember new information. Today on Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep.
When many students finish studying, they often go straight to another activity. But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. The basic idea is this: by reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. Resting is difficult when you have too much stimulation from electronic devices, games, lights and so on.
While this might sound unusual to you, many studies have explored the benefits of resting after learning - what is called “wakeful rest.” A 2019 study found that both young and older adults were able to better remember, or recollect, information from prose passages after doing wakeful rest. The findings appeared in Neuroscience Letters. This study involved 45 younger people and 40 elderly adults.” Wakeful resting led to higher overall recollection in both age groups,” the researchers noted. If you want to give “wakeful rest” a try, here are a few simple things to do. Rest quietly for five to ten minutes. Do not look at your phone, read stories or play games. Just limit the amount of stimulation you get. It is really that easy!
In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning. The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways. A report on the school's website explains that “a sleep-deprived person cannot focus attention optimally and therefore cannot learn efficiently.” It also says, “sleep itself has a role in the consolidation of memory, which is essential for learning new information.” Robert Stickgold, a doctor and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School, noted that new memories can be hard to keep. “When we first form memories, they're in a very raw and fragile form,” he said. Sleep is important for forming memories.
Now you have two suggestions for how to learn new information. Try to get some “wakeful rest” after a study session. Then try to get a good night's sleep. That's a simple way to help you remember what you learn.
5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
College admission season is upon us. With the ever-increasing competition among college applicants, writing an effective and sincere college recommendation letter is one way high school teachers can help students stand out among the competition. Here are a few things I have learned how to write a recommendation for my students.
Try beginning your letter with something the person tasked with screening hundreds of recommendation letters will remember. I like to start with an amusing story that illustrates who the student is and how others perceive them. Make sure to use the student’s full name for the first reference and then just the first name after that. My favorite strategy is to end the paragraph with a single sentence that highlights the student’s strongest characteristics.
In the body of the letter, focus on who the student is rather than what the student has done. What college reps want to know is how the student will fit into their environment. Give specific examples of how the student achieved--did they overcome obstacles or tackle any challenges to reach their goals I usually write two short paragraphs for the body. Sometimes the first relates character to academics, and the next relates character to extracurricular activities. Other times, I use the student’s characteristics as the main focal points.
Conclude with a sincere statement of recommendation for the student to the college of their choice. When sending the recommendation to a single college, use the college’s name in your recommendation. Lastly, I return to using the student’s full name in my final reference to him in the letter.
My last statement encourages the college to contact me with any further questions. I’ll be surely delighted to receive any of their inquiry, meaning my student is under their consideration!
6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
In spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the transition from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.
Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences — from childhood through university -are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more ambiguous. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. A project you are working on this month might suddenly change next month or next week, and it’s often hard to anticipate what you’ll be doing six to twelve months from now.
Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor’s instructions.
Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to teamwork on the job. In some ways, school does prepare one for collaborative nature of the workplace. Learners sit classes every day with many other students. They must listen to others’ opinions, participate at times in group discussions, and learn how to get along outside the classroom. Nevertheless, in school, a student normally works independently to complete most tasks and receives a grade according to how well he or she has done. In the workplace, however, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success.
7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
Right Colors for Restaurant Walls
Have you ever noticed that many restaurants have red or orange walls This fashion comes from the widely held belief that these two colors stimulate the appetite. Restauranteurs hope that by stimulating the appetites of their customers in this way, they can encourage them to order more food.
A large fast - food chain recently decided to test the belief that the color of the decoration affects how much food their customers order. This company has restaurants in major cities across the US and serves customers of all ages, including small children. The traditional decoration of this restaurant chain includes beige（米色的）paint on the walls. For this test, the company painted the walls in half of its restaurants orange, leaving the other half of its restaurants with their original beige walls. In order to make up for the possible influence of cultural differences between cities, the company made sure that in every city where its restaurants are located, there were both restaurants with orange walls and restaurants with beige walls.
The restaurant chain kept track of exactly what foods were ordered in each restaurant for one year before the walls were painted, and then again for one year after the walls had been painted. They found no difference. On average, customers in each restaurant, whether is had beige or of the company said. “We have proven it.”
The wall s of all the restaurants in the chain have been restored to their original beige color. The company president explained that this color is part of the company’s image. Now that the study is over, people might be confused if they walked into a restaurant expecting beige walls and got orange instead, so the company president explained.
8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
When Everything Gets Smart
It still feels magical to light up your living room by saying “Alexa, turn on the lights.” Tech companies are adding internet connections to just about everything you can imagine. Cars, door locks, toasters, refrigerators, toothbrushes, motorcycle helmets. More and more technology powers are taking part in this trend — known by “the internet of things.”
There is no denying that smart technology will lead to conveniences. You can use voice commands to turn on the lights, coffee maker and music. You can get reminders from your toothbrush to brush and tips on how best to do it. Thanks to the internet of things, you could live like the Beast in the Disney movie, with animated objects around taking care of your every need. That’s the appeal of smart homes for most people, and why they are supposed to be a $27 billion market by 2021.
However, the facts are not always so rosy. The smart objects in your home can be a source of annoyance. Usually people have to download dozens of different apps to a smartphone to control everything, which means creating an account for each one of those apps. The fantasy of the smart home is that it will save us time and effort. But the trouble involved in getting various devices from different companies to work together means that many things may take longer to do.
Worse still, there may be security risks. Smart home systems are part of a larger suite ( 套 ) devices, apps, websites and spaces that collect and analyze personal data about users. To get the full benefits of smart home systems, users must share their locations, routines, tastes in music, shopping history and so forth. It might manage your digital life quite well. On the other hand, however, providing so much personal information benefits companies like Amazon. As they gain access to users’ personal information, they may capitalize on ( 获 利 ) it in the form of targeted advertisements. Perhaps that’s why Wired magazine says, “Amazon’s next big business is selling you.”
Smartened everything comes with broader security concerns. Unsecured devices connected to the “internet of things” can be targets for hackers. Access to smart devices might provide hackers a well-spring of useful data, including information about when users are home — or not.
Considering the disadvantages, why not slow down a bit as we head toward an uncertain future
9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
To understand the changing role of women in China, consider the runaway success of a novel titled Du Lala’s Rise. Decades after Mao Zedong declared that women hold up half the sky,” the success of Du Lala and her peers reflects a curious fact about women in China: they appear to be far more ambitious than their counterparts (对应者)in the United States.
Rjpa Rashid, a senior vice president at the Center for Work-Life Policy, says the rapid growth “creates this excitement”， and builds on a cultural and historical legacy (遗产)in which Chinese women are not just encouraged to participate in the workforce, they are expected to.
One result has been a generation of women and girls who believe they belong among China’s power elite ( 精 英 ). In the US, that shift followed decades of battles over equality and women’s rights. In China, there are fewer institutional barriers for women trying to succeed professionally.
That’s true, too, in the executive suite. Grant Thornton International, the tax consultancy, found that roughly eight out of 10 companies in China had women in senior management roles, compared with approximately half in the European Union and two thirds in the US. Similarly, in China, 31 percent of top executives are female, compared with 20 percent in America.
Thirdly, child care is easily accessible in China, enabling them to pursue their careers after giving birth to their children. Fourthly, ambition has become a matter of necessity in fast-paced China, and both the husband and wife have to work in order to keep up with the skyrocketing housing prices.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Do Our Phones Affect Our Parenting
As a pediatrician (儿科医生), I have researched how mobile phone use affects family dynamics. The parent-child relationship is central to children’s social and emotional health and life success — yet I also see how more and more family interactions interrupted by mobile devices … including my own.
My interest in the topic began in 2010. I worked for a year as a pediatrician in the suburbs outside of Seattle. Many of the parents bringing in their sick kids worked at tech companies and were early adopters of mobile devices. During my training, I had gotten used to children playing with handheld gaming devices, but this was different: parents texted during health-related conversations (were they really processing what I was saying ); looked up medical information online to check my accuracy (was this a sign of parent anxiety ); and used videos to stop children from crying (this was pretty helpful during ear exams, but is it OK other times, I wondered ).
I was fascinated by the cultural change America was experiencing with the rapid adoption of mobile devices. But as a pediatrician, I had no idea what to do about it. So when I moved to Boston for training in Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, I decided to explore the topic in more depth.
I started my research by observing families in fast food restaurants and the results were pretty eye-opening: when parents’ attention was highly absorbed in their smartphones, parents talked less to children; responded slower (or not at all) to child bids for attention; and sometimes overreacted to child behavior.
Our more recent studies show that in the long-run, parent technology use during parent-child activities leads to more difficult child behavior — which in turn leads to more parent technology usage. It’s a vicious cycle: when kids stress us out, we often go to our phones for escape or to avoid interaction, and this interrupts time with kids or makes them annoyed, and they might react with difficult behavior, and so on.
As a working mom of two young boys, I knew how this child-phone multitasking felt to me, but I wanted to hear what others thought. So I interviewed 35 parents from diverse backgrounds in Boston to understand their experiences. They told me they have never felt their brains split in so many directions — like all the matters of the world could intrude upon home time and “land in their lap”. They expressed both relief and despair when their phones were broken or lost, because while this made it easier to “single-task” on their kids again, they also felt cut off from friends and information.
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参考答案
1．Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries. However, technology seriously endangers curiosity . It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. Therefore, to develop curiosity, we need to rely less on technology. (57 words)
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好奇心在人们学习新知识和发现新事物方面的促进作用，并指出现代技术的日益发达对人们好奇心的消极影响。
【详解】
1 要点摘录①Curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.
②Technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore.
③Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.
④As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us.
⑤Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.
2.缜密构思： 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5个要点作为总结。
3.遣词造句
①Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries.
②Technology prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other .
③Technology keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas.
④We need to rely less on technology.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . 运用一个简单句对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。其中prevent sb. from doing sth.这个固定短语的运用显得很高级。thinking和engaging两个动名词作from的宾语。
[高分句型2] Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. 用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第五段内容。其中what引导宾语从句、固定短语instead of和expose sb. to sth.的使用非常巧妙。
2．A structured Tai Chi program can help old people avoid falls. Researchers divided 59 fall-prone adults aged 78 on average into two groups. The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group. Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，练习太极拳可以帮助老年人避免跌倒。在一项研究中，研究人员将平均年龄为78岁的老人分为两组，一组参加为期12周的太极拳锻炼，另一组不参加。研究结果表明，参加太极拳锻炼的那一组在肌肉、柔韧性和平衡方面有显著改善。研究人员建议老年人应该练习太极来促进健康。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls.
②Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care.
③29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group.
④They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance.
⑤Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion.
⑥We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合，第5、6两个要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
①A structured Tai Chi program can help old people avoid falls.
②Researchers divided 59 fall-prone adults aged 78 on average into two groups.
③The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group.
④Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group. 合理运用了非谓语动词，运用现在分词receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs作定语修饰group，对原文第三段内容进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health. 运用一个that引导的宾语从句（that省略）对原文第四段内容进行了概括。
3．It’s normal to follow others on social media. Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors may make you feel anxious and depressed. Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings and over-sharing your life with others may also create relationship conflicts.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在社交媒体上关注别人很正常。积极的行为有助于提高你的信心和与他人的联系，而不恰当的行为会让你感到焦虑和抑郁。过多地阅读别人的物质成就可能会导致消极的感觉，过多地与他人分享你的生活也可能会造成关系冲突。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①If you’re like most of the world, you make time for following friends on social media. That is not a bad thing at all.
②Positive posting and communication can help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others. It can be surprisingly easy, though, to unconsciously slip into less healthful behavior on social media, and that can lead to anxiety and depression.
③Measuring material or lifestyle achievements of someone you know can lead to negative feelings, and can easily lead you to create tension in a relationship where there was none. This is most likely because over-sharing your life with others by direct messaging and posting images can create relationship conflict.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
It’s normal to follow others on social media.
Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors ma make you feel anxious and depressed.
Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings and over-sharing your life with others may also create relationship conflicts.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors ma make you feel anxious and depressed.运用while连接并列句，表示前后的对比，对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings and over-sharing your life with others may also create relationship conflicts.运用了动名词短语作主语，对第二段和第四段进行了概括。
4．There are two no-cost ways to help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep. Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. By reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，有两种不花钱的方法可以帮助你提高学习质量：良好的休息和睡眠。学习后休息可以帮助你记住所学的内容。通过在学习后减少你的活动，你的大脑得到了休息的机会。此外，睡眠对学习和形成记忆也很重要。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①Today on Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep.
②But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studied.
③The basic idea is this: by reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest.
④In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning. Sleep is important for forming memories.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
There are two no-cost ways to help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep.
Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied.
By reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest.
In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied.运用了动名词短语作主语对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories.用动名词短语作宾语对倒数第二段进行了概括。
5．High school teachers should know how to write college recommendations for students. First, a unique beginning such as a story can attract profession’s eye. Second, using examples to demonstrate how the student achieved his aims for the body part is essential. Finally, a conclusion includes both college’s name and student’s full name, necessary for encouraging the college to ask questions.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，概括高中老师对如何写好学生推荐信给出三点建议，包括一个独特的开始，具体事例以及一个包括学院名称和学生全名的结论，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。本文重点要涵盖高中老师对如何写好学生推荐信的三点建议。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。建议内容包括一个独特的开始，具体事例以及一个包括学院名称和学生全名的结论。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
6．Many graduates have difficulty adjusting to work life with three problems. First, they can predict school experiences but cannot predict the ones in workplace. Second, they cannot think analytically. Finally, adapting to job’s teamwork is difficult. This article mentions a phenomenon and explain the reasons in three aspects with the comparisons between the school life and workplace life.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达考查概要写作。
【详解】
概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。如本篇文章第一段引出话题：尽管在学校里为学生进入职场做了这么多年的准备，但许多应届毕业生很难适应工作中的生活；第二段指出大多数的学校经历都是相当可预测的，而工作中的生活则要模糊得多；第三段指出进入职场的毕业生面临的另一个问题是，他们没有准备好进行分析性思考；第四段指出他们面临的最大困难之一是如何适应工作中的团队合作。文章主要讲述了最近很多毕业生觉得无法适应工作生活，并分析了这种现象存在的原因。文章采取总分结构，先提出问题和现象，接着从三个方面分析原因，在分析过程中举出具体的例子进行学校生活和工作生活的对比从而支持论点。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。
7．It is widely believed that red and orange are two colors that encourage people to eat more. Therefore, many restaurants paint their walls red or orange. But a restaurant chain in the US held out a two - year study to test this belief, and found out that these colors don’t have any effect on working up people’s appetite.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括人们普遍认为红色和橙色是促使人们吃得更多的两种颜色，因此，许多餐馆把墙壁涂成红色或橙色，但是美国的一家连锁餐厅进行了一项为期两年的研究来验证这一观点，并发现这些颜色对提高人们的食欲没有任何影响，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
8．Connecting everything to the internet brings people conveniences. However, users can’t ignore the disadvantages. （要点1）Firstly, the seemingly smart home is time-consuming and troublesome. （要点2）Secondly, technology powers benefit from users’ personal data.（要点3）Thirdly, smartened everything makes it easy for hackers to target users. （要点4）Therefore, smart technology should be applied with caution.（要点5）
【解析】
【分析】
本书面表达是一篇概要写作。
【详解】
概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。本篇文章为总分总结构，第一、二段通过举例引出话题：智能家庭给人们带来了方便。第三段讲述用户不能忽视它的缺点。其中之一是智能的家庭既耗时又麻烦。第四段讲智能设备存在安全风险。第五段讲优化后的一切让黑客很容易锁定用户。最后总结，指出应用智能技术要谨慎。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。
9．Starting with the novel Du Lala’s Rise, the author analyzes the rising power of Chinese women and its four reasons. First, China’s rapid growth has created opportunities. Secondly, the cultural and historical legacy encourages and expects women to do whatever they want. Thirdly, child care is easily available. Lastly, women are finding it necessary to be ambitious.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括作者以小说《杜拉拉升职记》为例分析的中国女性力量崛起的四点原因。包括中国的快速增长创造了机遇、文化和历史遗产鼓励和期望女性做她们想做的事、儿童保育工作更容易获得以及女性发现自己必须要有抱负，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
10．My experience as a pediatrician aroused my interest in the effects of smart-phones on parenting. My further research and interviews reveal it is difficult to balance both children and phones. Parents may overlook their children when focusing on their phones and cause their children’s difficult behavior while they may feel isolated when looking after their children without phones.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作。要求概括出，作者儿科医生的经历让她对“智能手机如何影响子女养育”产生了兴趣并进行了研究，取得了相关发现：父母在关注手机时可能会忽视孩子，导致孩子行为困难，而在没有手机照看孩子时可能会感到孤立。
【详解】
写作步骤：
1 )细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。阅读文章可知，作者对“智能手机如何影响子女养育”产生了兴趣，并进行了研究且取得了相关发现：父母在关注孩子的手机时可能会忽视孩子，导致孩子行为困难，而在照看没有手机的孩子时可能会感到孤立。
2 )弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点，要综合每段段意或每部分大意概括出文章大意。本文第一段讲作者研究了智能手机对子女养育的影响，第二和三段讲作者儿科医生的经历让她对“智能手机如何影响子女养育”产生了兴趣致使她对其进行研究，第四至六段讲作者的研究发现：父母在关注手机时可能会忽视孩子，导致孩子行为困难，而在没有手机照看孩子时可能会感到孤立。
3 )列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4 )在写作时要特别注意下面几点:
(1 )概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
(2 )安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
(3 )注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
(4 )不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
(5)计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点睛】
范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如reveal后接了一个宾语从句，省略了引导词that，宾语从句it is difficult to balance both children and phones中用it作形式主语代替真正主语to balance both children and phones；使用了非常好的短语，如interest in, focus on, feel isolated等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat.” It’s a phrase that’s often used to warn people, especially children, not to ask too many questions. Yet it’s widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective. In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.
Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveriesand open up new possibilities. In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits. For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil (线圈) and a magnet (磁铁) when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. The discovery changed the world.
However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology. On one level, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore.
In addition to this, there’s the fact that we all now connect so deeply with technology, particularly with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides up with. Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.
The final—and perhaps most worrying—way in which technology stops us from asking more has to do with algorithms, the processes followed by computers. As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas. Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.
2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old People
Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing.
Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect.
Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance.
Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art (武术), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.”
3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
If you’re like most of the world, you make time for following friends on social media. That is not a bad thing at all. Positive posting and communication can help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others. It can be surprisingly easy, though, to unconsciously slip into less healthful behavior on social media, and that can lead to anxiety and depression. New research has identified which habits can lead to troubles.
Do you feel jealous every time you read on social media about your cousin’s beautiful new home or you boss’ exciting European vacation？ “Surveillance” of those you know in order to get an inside look of their material success is a potentially destructive behavior, according to researchers at the University of Missouri. Measuring material or lifestyle achievements of someone you know can lead to negative feelings, and can easily lead you to create tension in a relationship where there was none.
A second study by the University of Missouri found that people who post often- about anything and everything they are doing- experience more troubles in their marriages and romantic relationships than those who don’t post about their lives in detail. Another study by researchers at Boston University also found that heavy social media users are 32% more likely to think about leaving their husbands or wives.
This is most likely because over-sharing your life with others by direct messaging and posting images can create relationship conflict. Not only are you potentially developing bonds with new people, but also that bonding may deepen and affect your own relationship, according to the study of a doctoral student, Russell Clayton.
4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s. of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Things to Do After You Study
Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session. But what you do after studying could have an effect on how well you learn and remember new information. Today on Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep.
When many students finish studying, they often go straight to another activity. But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. The basic idea is this: by reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. Resting is difficult when you have too much stimulation from electronic devices, games, lights and so on.
While this might sound unusual to you, many studies have explored the benefits of resting after learning - what is called “wakeful rest.” A 2019 study found that both young and older adults were able to better remember, or recollect, information from prose passages after doing wakeful rest. The findings appeared in Neuroscience Letters. This study involved 45 younger people and 40 elderly adults.” Wakeful resting led to higher overall recollection in both age groups,” the researchers noted. If you want to give “wakeful rest” a try, here are a few simple things to do. Rest quietly for five to ten minutes. Do not look at your phone, read stories or play games. Just limit the amount of stimulation you get. It is really that easy!
In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning. The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways. A report on the school's website explains that “a sleep-deprived person cannot focus attention optimally and therefore cannot learn efficiently.” It also says, “sleep itself has a role in the consolidation of memory, which is essential for learning new information.” Robert Stickgold, a doctor and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School, noted that new memories can be hard to keep. “When we first form memories, they're in a very raw and fragile form,” he said. Sleep is important for forming memories.
Now you have two suggestions for how to learn new information. Try to get some “wakeful rest” after a study session. Then try to get a good night's sleep. That's a simple way to help you remember what you learn.
5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
College admission season is upon us. With the ever-increasing competition among college applicants, writing an effective and sincere college recommendation letter is one way high school teachers can help students stand out among the competition. Here are a few things I have learned how to write a recommendation for my students.
Try beginning your letter with something the person tasked with screening hundreds of recommendation letters will remember. I like to start with an amusing story that illustrates who the student is and how others perceive them. Make sure to use the student’s full name for the first reference and then just the first name after that. My favorite strategy is to end the paragraph with a single sentence that highlights the student’s strongest characteristics.
In the body of the letter, focus on who the student is rather than what the student has done. What college reps want to know is how the student will fit into their environment. Give specific examples of how the student achieved--did they overcome obstacles or tackle any challenges to reach their goals I usually write two short paragraphs for the body. Sometimes the first relates character to academics, and the next relates character to extracurricular activities. Other times, I use the student’s characteristics as the main focal points.
Conclude with a sincere statement of recommendation for the student to the college of their choice. When sending the recommendation to a single college, use the college’s name in your recommendation. Lastly, I return to using the student’s full name in my final reference to him in the letter.
My last statement encourages the college to contact me with any further questions. I’ll be surely delighted to receive any of their inquiry, meaning my student is under their consideration!
6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
In spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the transition from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.
Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences — from childhood through university -are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more ambiguous. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. A project you are working on this month might suddenly change next month or next week, and it’s often hard to anticipate what you’ll be doing six to twelve months from now.
Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor’s instructions.
Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to teamwork on the job. In some ways, school does prepare one for collaborative nature of the workplace. Learners sit classes every day with many other students. They must listen to others’ opinions, participate at times in group discussions, and learn how to get along outside the classroom. Nevertheless, in school, a student normally works independently to complete most tasks and receives a grade according to how well he or she has done. In the workplace, however, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success.
7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
Right Colors for Restaurant Walls
Have you ever noticed that many restaurants have red or orange walls This fashion comes from the widely held belief that these two colors stimulate the appetite. Restauranteurs hope that by stimulating the appetites of their customers in this way, they can encourage them to order more food.
A large fast - food chain recently decided to test the belief that the color of the decoration affects how much food their customers order. This company has restaurants in major cities across the US and serves customers of all ages, including small children. The traditional decoration of this restaurant chain includes beige（米色的）paint on the walls. For this test, the company painted the walls in half of its restaurants orange, leaving the other half of its restaurants with their original beige walls. In order to make up for the possible influence of cultural differences between cities, the company made sure that in every city where its restaurants are located, there were both restaurants with orange walls and restaurants with beige walls.
The restaurant chain kept track of exactly what foods were ordered in each restaurant for one year before the walls were painted, and then again for one year after the walls had been painted. They found no difference. On average, customers in each restaurant, whether is had beige or of the company said. “We have proven it.”
The wall s of all the restaurants in the chain have been restored to their original beige color. The company president explained that this color is part of the company’s image. Now that the study is over, people might be confused if they walked into a restaurant expecting beige walls and got orange instead, so the company president explained.
8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
When Everything Gets Smart
It still feels magical to light up your living room by saying “Alexa, turn on the lights.” Tech companies are adding internet connections to just about everything you can imagine. Cars, door locks, toasters, refrigerators, toothbrushes, motorcycle helmets. More and more technology powers are taking part in this trend — known by “the internet of things.”
There is no denying that smart technology will lead to conveniences. You can use voice commands to turn on the lights, coffee maker and music. You can get reminders from your toothbrush to brush and tips on how best to do it. Thanks to the internet of things, you could live like the Beast in the Disney movie, with animated objects around taking care of your every need. That’s the appeal of smart homes for most people, and why they are supposed to be a $27 billion market by 2021.
However, the facts are not always so rosy. The smart objects in your home can be a source of annoyance. Usually people have to download dozens of different apps to a smartphone to control everything, which means creating an account for each one of those apps. The fantasy of the smart home is that it will save us time and effort. But the trouble involved in getting various devices from different companies to work together means that many things may take longer to do.
Worse still, there may be security risks. Smart home systems are part of a larger suite ( 套 ) devices, apps, websites and spaces that collect and analyze personal data about users. To get the full benefits of smart home systems, users must share their locations, routines, tastes in music, shopping history and so forth. It might manage your digital life quite well. On the other hand, however, providing so much personal information benefits companies like Amazon. As they gain access to users’ personal information, they may capitalize on ( 获 利 ) it in the form of targeted advertisements. Perhaps that’s why Wired magazine says, “Amazon’s next big business is selling you.”
Smartened everything comes with broader security concerns. Unsecured devices connected to the “internet of things” can be targets for hackers. Access to smart devices might provide hackers a well-spring of useful data, including information about when users are home — or not.
Considering the disadvantages, why not slow down a bit as we head toward an uncertain future
9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
To understand the changing role of women in China, consider the runaway success of a novel titled Du Lala’s Rise. Decades after Mao Zedong declared that women hold up half the sky,” the success of Du Lala and her peers reflects a curious fact about women in China: they appear to be far more ambitious than their counterparts (对应者)in the United States.
Rjpa Rashid, a senior vice president at the Center for Work-Life Policy, says the rapid growth “creates this excitement”， and builds on a cultural and historical legacy (遗产)in which Chinese women are not just encouraged to participate in the workforce, they are expected to.
One result has been a generation of women and girls who believe they belong among China’s power elite ( 精 英 ). In the US, that shift followed decades of battles over equality and women’s rights. In China, there are fewer institutional barriers for women trying to succeed professionally.
That’s true, too, in the executive suite. Grant Thornton International, the tax consultancy, found that roughly eight out of 10 companies in China had women in senior management roles, compared with approximately half in the European Union and two thirds in the US. Similarly, in China, 31 percent of top executives are female, compared with 20 percent in America.
Thirdly, child care is easily accessible in China, enabling them to pursue their careers after giving birth to their children. Fourthly, ambition has become a matter of necessity in fast-paced China, and both the husband and wife have to work in order to keep up with the skyrocketing housing prices.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Do Our Phones Affect Our Parenting
As a pediatrician (儿科医生), I have researched how mobile phone use affects family dynamics. The parent-child relationship is central to children’s social and emotional health and life success — yet I also see how more and more family interactions interrupted by mobile devices … including my own.
My interest in the topic began in 2010. I worked for a year as a pediatrician in the suburbs outside of Seattle. Many of the parents bringing in their sick kids worked at tech companies and were early adopters of mobile devices. During my training, I had gotten used to children playing with handheld gaming devices, but this was different: parents texted during health-related conversations (were they really processing what I was saying ); looked up medical information online to check my accuracy (was this a sign of parent anxiety ); and used videos to stop children from crying (this was pretty helpful during ear exams, but is it OK other times, I wondered ).
I was fascinated by the cultural change America was experiencing with the rapid adoption of mobile devices. But as a pediatrician, I had no idea what to do about it. So when I moved to Boston for training in Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, I decided to explore the topic in more depth.
I started my research by observing families in fast food restaurants and the results were pretty eye-opening: when parents’ attention was highly absorbed in their smartphones, parents talked less to children; responded slower (or not at all) to child bids for attention; and sometimes overreacted to child behavior.
Our more recent studies show that in the long-run, parent technology use during parent-child activities leads to more difficult child behavior — which in turn leads to more parent technology usage. It’s a vicious cycle: when kids stress us out, we often go to our phones for escape or to avoid interaction, and this interrupts time with kids or makes them annoyed, and they might react with difficult behavior, and so on.
As a working mom of two young boys, I knew how this child-phone multitasking felt to me, but I wanted to hear what others thought. So I interviewed 35 parents from diverse backgrounds in Boston to understand their experiences. They told me they have never felt their brains split in so many directions — like all the matters of the world could intrude upon home time and “land in their lap”. They expressed both relief and despair when their phones were broken or lost, because while this made it easier to “single-task” on their kids again, they also felt cut off from friends and information.
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参考答案
1．Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries. However, technology seriously endangers curiosity . It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. Therefore, to develop curiosity, we need to rely less on technology. (57 words)
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好奇心在人们学习新知识和发现新事物方面的促进作用，并指出现代技术的日益发达对人们好奇心的消极影响。
【详解】
1 要点摘录①Curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.
②Technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore.
③Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.
④As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us.
⑤Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.
2.缜密构思： 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5个要点作为总结。
3.遣词造句
①Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries.
②Technology prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other .
③Technology keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas.
④We need to rely less on technology.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . 运用一个简单句对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。其中prevent sb. from doing sth.这个固定短语的运用显得很高级。thinking和engaging两个动名词作from的宾语。
[高分句型2] Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. 用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第五段内容。其中what引导宾语从句、固定短语instead of和expose sb. to sth.的使用非常巧妙。
2．A structured Tai Chi program can help old people avoid falls. Researchers divided 59 fall-prone adults aged 78 on average into two groups. The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group. Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，练习太极拳可以帮助老年人避免跌倒。在一项研究中，研究人员将平均年龄为78岁的老人分为两组，一组参加为期12周的太极拳锻炼，另一组不参加。研究结果表明，参加太极拳锻炼的那一组在肌肉、柔韧性和平衡方面有显著改善。研究人员建议老年人应该练习太极来促进健康。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls.
②Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care.
③29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group.
④They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance.
⑤Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion.
⑥We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合，第5、6两个要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
①A structured Tai Chi program can help old people avoid falls.
②Researchers divided 59 fall-prone adults aged 78 on average into two groups.
③The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group.
④Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group. 合理运用了非谓语动词，运用现在分词receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs作定语修饰group，对原文第三段内容进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health. 运用一个that引导的宾语从句（that省略）对原文第四段内容进行了概括。
3．It’s normal to follow others on social media. Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors may make you feel anxious and depressed. Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings and over-sharing your life with others may also create relationship conflicts.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在社交媒体上关注别人很正常。积极的行为有助于提高你的信心和与他人的联系，而不恰当的行为会让你感到焦虑和抑郁。过多地阅读别人的物质成就可能会导致消极的感觉，过多地与他人分享你的生活也可能会造成关系冲突。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①If you’re like most of the world, you make time for following friends on social media. That is not a bad thing at all.
②Positive posting and communication can help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others. It can be surprisingly easy, though, to unconsciously slip into less healthful behavior on social media, and that can lead to anxiety and depression.
③Measuring material or lifestyle achievements of someone you know can lead to negative feelings, and can easily lead you to create tension in a relationship where there was none. This is most likely because over-sharing your life with others by direct messaging and posting images can create relationship conflict.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
It’s normal to follow others on social media.
Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors ma make you feel anxious and depressed.
Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings and over-sharing your life with others may also create relationship conflicts.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Positive behaviors on it help improve your confidence and sense of connection to others while inappropriate behaviors ma make you feel anxious and depressed.运用while连接并列句，表示前后的对比，对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Reading too much of others’ material success may cause negative feelings and over-sharing your life with others may also create relationship conflicts.运用了动名词短语作主语，对第二段和第四段进行了概括。
4．There are two no-cost ways to help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep. Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. By reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，有两种不花钱的方法可以帮助你提高学习质量：良好的休息和睡眠。学习后休息可以帮助你记住所学的内容。通过在学习后减少你的活动，你的大脑得到了休息的机会。此外，睡眠对学习和形成记忆也很重要。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①Today on Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep.
②But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studied.
③The basic idea is this: by reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest.
④In addition to wakeful rest, sleep is also important for learning. Sleep is important for forming memories.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
There are two no-cost ways to help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleep.
Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied.
By reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest.
In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied.运用了动名词短语作主语对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories.用动名词短语作宾语对倒数第二段进行了概括。
5．High school teachers should know how to write college recommendations for students. First, a unique beginning such as a story can attract profession’s eye. Second, using examples to demonstrate how the student achieved his aims for the body part is essential. Finally, a conclusion includes both college’s name and student’s full name, necessary for encouraging the college to ask questions.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，概括高中老师对如何写好学生推荐信给出三点建议，包括一个独特的开始，具体事例以及一个包括学院名称和学生全名的结论，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。本文重点要涵盖高中老师对如何写好学生推荐信的三点建议。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。建议内容包括一个独特的开始，具体事例以及一个包括学院名称和学生全名的结论。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
6．Many graduates have difficulty adjusting to work life with three problems. First, they can predict school experiences but cannot predict the ones in workplace. Second, they cannot think analytically. Finally, adapting to job’s teamwork is difficult. This article mentions a phenomenon and explain the reasons in three aspects with the comparisons between the school life and workplace life.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达考查概要写作。
【详解】
概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。如本篇文章第一段引出话题：尽管在学校里为学生进入职场做了这么多年的准备，但许多应届毕业生很难适应工作中的生活；第二段指出大多数的学校经历都是相当可预测的，而工作中的生活则要模糊得多；第三段指出进入职场的毕业生面临的另一个问题是，他们没有准备好进行分析性思考；第四段指出他们面临的最大困难之一是如何适应工作中的团队合作。文章主要讲述了最近很多毕业生觉得无法适应工作生活，并分析了这种现象存在的原因。文章采取总分结构，先提出问题和现象，接着从三个方面分析原因，在分析过程中举出具体的例子进行学校生活和工作生活的对比从而支持论点。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。
7．It is widely believed that red and orange are two colors that encourage people to eat more. Therefore, many restaurants paint their walls red or orange. But a restaurant chain in the US held out a two - year study to test this belief, and found out that these colors don’t have any effect on working up people’s appetite.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括人们普遍认为红色和橙色是促使人们吃得更多的两种颜色，因此，许多餐馆把墙壁涂成红色或橙色，但是美国的一家连锁餐厅进行了一项为期两年的研究来验证这一观点，并发现这些颜色对提高人们的食欲没有任何影响，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
8．Connecting everything to the internet brings people conveniences. However, users can’t ignore the disadvantages. （要点1）Firstly, the seemingly smart home is time-consuming and troublesome. （要点2）Secondly, technology powers benefit from users’ personal data.（要点3）Thirdly, smartened everything makes it easy for hackers to target users. （要点4）Therefore, smart technology should be applied with caution.（要点5）
【解析】
【分析】
本书面表达是一篇概要写作。
【详解】
概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。本篇文章为总分总结构，第一、二段通过举例引出话题：智能家庭给人们带来了方便。第三段讲述用户不能忽视它的缺点。其中之一是智能的家庭既耗时又麻烦。第四段讲智能设备存在安全风险。第五段讲优化后的一切让黑客很容易锁定用户。最后总结，指出应用智能技术要谨慎。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。
9．Starting with the novel Du Lala’s Rise, the author analyzes the rising power of Chinese women and its four reasons. First, China’s rapid growth has created opportunities. Secondly, the cultural and historical legacy encourages and expects women to do whatever they want. Thirdly, child care is easily available. Lastly, women are finding it necessary to be ambitious.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括作者以小说《杜拉拉升职记》为例分析的中国女性力量崛起的四点原因。包括中国的快速增长创造了机遇、文化和历史遗产鼓励和期望女性做她们想做的事、儿童保育工作更容易获得以及女性发现自己必须要有抱负，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
10．My experience as a pediatrician aroused my interest in the effects of smart-phones on parenting. My further research and interviews reveal it is difficult to balance both children and phones. Parents may overlook their children when focusing on their phones and cause their children’s difficult behavior while they may feel isolated when looking after their children without phones.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作。要求概括出，作者儿科医生的经历让她对“智能手机如何影响子女养育”产生了兴趣并进行了研究，取得了相关发现：父母在关注手机时可能会忽视孩子，导致孩子行为困难，而在没有手机照看孩子时可能会感到孤立。
【详解】
写作步骤：
1 )细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。阅读文章可知，作者对“智能手机如何影响子女养育”产生了兴趣，并进行了研究且取得了相关发现：父母在关注孩子的手机时可能会忽视孩子，导致孩子行为困难，而在照看没有手机的孩子时可能会感到孤立。
2 )弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点，要综合每段段意或每部分大意概括出文章大意。本文第一段讲作者研究了智能手机对子女养育的影响，第二和三段讲作者儿科医生的经历让她对“智能手机如何影响子女养育”产生了兴趣致使她对其进行研究，第四至六段讲作者的研究发现：父母在关注手机时可能会忽视孩子，导致孩子行为困难，而在没有手机照看孩子时可能会感到孤立。
3 )列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4 )在写作时要特别注意下面几点:
(1 )概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
(2 )安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
(3 )注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
(4 )不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
(5)计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点睛】
范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如reveal后接了一个宾语从句，省略了引导词that，宾语从句it is difficult to balance both children and phones中用it作形式主语代替真正主语to balance both children and phones；使用了非常好的短语，如interest in, focus on, feel isolated等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。