高中英语高考语法知识词法部分讲解：情态动词及练习学案（有答案）

高中英语语法知识 情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。一、 情态动词的特征和形式：A.情态动词的各种形式见下表：
情态动词 否定式 简略否定式
may may not mayn't(老式英语，现在不常见)
might might not mightn't
can cannot / can not can't
could could not couldn't
must must not mustn't
have to do not have to don't have to
ought to ought not to oughtn't to (否定句中to可省略)
will will not won't
would would not wouldn't
shall shall not shan't (只用于英国英语)
should should not shouldn't
need need not needn't
dare dare not daren't
used to used not to/ did not use to usedn't to / didn't use to
B.情态动词的特征：除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。1．情态动词+do
eg.①You shouldn't be so careless. 你不该这样粗心大意。
②Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip. 杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。
③Difficulties can and must be overcome. 困难能够而且必须克服。2．情态动词+be doingeg.①She must be listening to pop music. 她肯定在听流行音乐。
②You should be reviewing your lessons. 你应该在复习功课。
③My mother may / might be cooking now. 我妈妈可能正在做饭。3．情态动词+have doneeg.①They might have visited the Great Wall. 他们可能参观过长城了。
②He must have got up very early to catch the train. 他一定起得很早去赶火车了。
③You ought to have come earlier. 你本该早一点儿来。4．情态动词+be done/ have been doneeg.①This word can also be used as a verb. 这个词也可以用作动词。
②Something must be done to stop pollution. 必须采取措施来制止污染。
③The work ought to have been finished long ago. 这工作早就该完成了。
5. 情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。eg.①You ought to wear a raincoat. 你应该穿件雨衣。
②She ought to wear a raincoat. 她应该穿件雨衣。
③Plants must have oxygen in order to live. 为了存活植物必须有氧气。
④A plant must have oxygen in order to live. 为了存活植物必须有氧气。 6. 情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中，情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。eg.①I'm afraid it might rain tonight. 我看今晚可能要下雨。
②Could I borrow your thermos？ 我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗？
③It's a nice day today. We could go for a walk. 今天天气不错，我们可以出去散散步。
7. 情态动词是互相排斥的，一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。【误】Soldiers must / have to obey orders.
【正】Soldiers have to obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。
【正】Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。
【误】Can I be able to borrow two books at a time
【正】Can I borrow two books at a time 我能一次借两本书吗？
【正】Will I be able to borrow two books at a time 我能一次借两本书吗？二、 情态动词的意义和用法：A. may和might:
1．表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。
在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。
eg.①You may take this seat if you like. 如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。
②May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you 我可以和你谈谈吗？
③--- May/Might I come into the room to see my mother 我可以进房间看我母亲吗？
--- No, you mustn't. She needs to have a good rest. 不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。
提示：
May I ... 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。
肯定回答Yes, please. / Certainly. / Yes, of course. / Sure. Go ahead, please.
否定回答 No, you can't. (最常见)/ No, you mustn't.(具有强烈禁止的意思)
Please don't. / You'd better not. / I don't think you can. / I'm sorry it's not allowed.2．表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。
eg.①Your math teacher may / might be in his office. 你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。（一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小）
②The light isn't on. It may / might be broken. 那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。
③There may / might be some ink left in the bottle. 瓶子里也许还剩点儿墨水。
注意：用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用can来代替。
eg.①Can he be at home 他可能在家吗？ ②--- Can it be true 这可能是真的吗？ --- It may be, or may not be. 可能是，也可能不是。3．用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。eg.①He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time. 他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。
②I arrived at the airport earlier in order that I might meet him. 我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。4． 有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。eg.①May you succeed. 祝你成功 ②May you be happy. 祝你快乐。
③May that day come soon. 希望这一天早日到来。 5. may/might + as well的意义：此结构用于说明一个人在没有更好的或更有趣的事可做的情况下，或以某种不快的心情不得不做的事，是一种非正式的文体，常译成“还是…的好”。eg. ① All the shops are closed; we may as well go back. ② You might as well speak out your mind. 你还是把你的想法说出来吧。小测试：1. “Might I borrow your dictionary ” “Yes, of course you _________.” A. mightB. may C. can D. should2. “Could I go with you ” “____________.” A. No, you couldB. No, you canC. I’m afraid notD. You might not3. “May I pick a flower in the garden ” “______________.” A. No, you needn’tB. No, pleaseC. No, you mustn’tD. No, you would4. “Can I leave the door open at night ” “You ____________better not.” A. shouldB. would C. could D. had5. John, you _________play with the knife; you __________hurt yourself. A. won’t; can’tB. mustn’t; mayC. shouldn’t; mustD. can’t; shouldn’t6. I thought you ___________like something to read, so I’ve brought you some books. A. mayB. mightC. couldD. must7. Peter ___________come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. will D. can8. What ___________I do for you, madam A. shall B. canC. may D. will9. He ____________you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give10. “What do you think the noise was last night ” “It ____________ a wolf.” A. may beB. might beC. must beD. might have been11. “_____________you ______________your umbrella home ” “I ___________.” A. May; have left; may haveB. Could; have left; mightC. Could; have left; might haveD. Might; have left; may12. He _____________his pen anywhere; it _____________stolen. A. may not lose; must beB. mightn’t lose; may beC. mustn’t have lost; must have beenD. mightn’t have lost; must have been13. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____________something she would regret later. A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said14. It’s very cold outside, so we __________ in the hotel. A. may well as to stayB. may as well to stayC. may as well stayD. may as well as staying15. You never listen! I _____________to the wall. A. had better to talkB. would rather to talkC. may as well to talkD. might as well talk B. can和could:
1．表示能力，可译为“能，会”。 eg.①I can swim. 我会游泳。 ②The cinema can seat 1,000 people. 这电影院能容纳1000人。③Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young. 艾米丽舞跳得很好，她妈妈年轻时舞跳得也很好。2.表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。
eg.①--- Could I use your dictionary 我可以用一下你的字典吗？ ---Yes, go ahead. 可以，用吧。(或Yes, you can. 但不能说Yes, you could.)②Could / Can you tell me how to get to the zoo 劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？③He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room. 他问我可不可以把书带出阅览室。3.表示推测，可用于肯定句(can罕见)、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推测的可能性比could大。
eg.①Can he be ill at home 他会是生病在家吗？ ②Can the story be true 这个故事会是真的吗？
③He cannot be at home. 他不可能在家。④You mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. You could start a fire.在林子里走时一定不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
eg.①How can you be so careless 你怎么这么粗心？ ②Where can / could they have gone 他们会去了哪里？
③He can't / couldn't be over sixty. 他不可能超过60岁。5.could可以用在虚拟条件句中。
eg.①If I could fly, I should be very happy. 如果我能飞， 我会很高兴。
②If you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.如果你当时听我的，你早就做完了。③If you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam. 如果你再努力些，你就能通过考试了。6.can与be able to的区别:(1)can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。【正】Can you speak any foreign languages 你会说外语吗？
【正】Are you able to speak any foreign languages 你会说外语吗？
【误】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape.
【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。
【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都想法逃了出来。(2)be able to 比can有更多形式。eg.①No one could answer the question.没人能回答这个问题。(这里could可用was able to 代替）
②When he grows up, he will be able to support his family. 他长大后就能养家了。
③Frank is ill. He hasn't been able to go to school for one week. 弗兰克病了，已经一周没去上学了。
④I'm sorry for not being able to help you in time. 对不起，不能及时帮你的忙。(3)could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。eg.①When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.
当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。(不用was able to)
②She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.
虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。 (4)在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。
【误】Look! I'm able to swim. 【正】Look! I can swim. 看，我会游泳了！小测试：1. I __________come to his help because I was free that day. A. couldB. canC. am able toD. was able to2. He didn’t dive into the river to save the man though he ________.A. couldB. mustC. was able toD. would be able to3. He’s hurt his leg; he ___________walk for a long time.A. can’tB. couldn’tC. hasn’t been able toD. can’t have been able to4. I ____________work out the problem if I have a good sleep. A. canB. can be able toC. am able toD. will be able to5. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____________get out. A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to6. This job ___________be finished in such a short time.A. can’tB. isn’tC. mustn’tD. don’t need7. “Who ___________it be at the door ” “It ____________be our teacher.” A. can; canB. could; couldC. can; mustD. must; can8. He ____________be at home now, for I saw him in the street just now.A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t9. “What ___________it be ” “It _____________ a mail box, for it is moving. It __________be a car. A. can; can’t; mustB. can; can; mustC. can; mustn’t; mustn’tD. must; mustn’t; can10. I didn’t see the professor in the meeting-room this morning. He ______________at the meeting. A. mustn’t have spokenB. couldn’t speakC. can’t have spokenD. shouldn’t have spoken11. I didn’t hear the phone; I _________________asleep. A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been12. A computer _____________think for itself; It must be told what to do. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. might not13. “There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.” “It _________a comfortable journey.” A. can’t beB. shouldn’t beC. mustn’t have beenD. couldn’t have been14. She _____________, so she didn’t go in for the race. A. couldn’t winB. couldn’t have wonC. can’t have wonD. couldn’t have won15. They _______________there in time, but they had an accident. A. could getB. can getC. could have gotD. must have got16. _____________she have gone to school It’s Sunday.A. ShallB. MustC. MayD. Can17. Jack ___________yet; otherwise he would have phoned me. A. mustn’t have arrivedB. shouldn’t have arrived C. can’t have arrivedD. needn’t have arrived18. “Could I borrow your dictionary ” “Yes, of course you ___________.”A. mightB. will C. can D. should19. “___________he have missed the bus ” “Yes, he ______________.” A. May; may haveB. Can; may haveC. Can; mayD. May; can haveC．must和have to的区别:1．must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。
eg.①Everyone must obey the rule. 人人都必须遵守制度。
②We must do everything step by step. 我们必须逐步做每件事。
③Teachers must be patient enough with their students. 老师必须对学生有足够的耐心。2．have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。eg.①You can't turn right here. You have to turn left. 你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。
②My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading. 我的视力很差，看书时不得不戴眼镜。
③You have to pass a test before you can get a driving license.你在取得驾照之前必须先通过考试。提示：在口语中，我们可以使用have got to来代替have to.eg.①I've got to work on Sunday. 我不得不星期天工作。 ②When has Ann got to go 安必须什么时候走？3.must 与have to的比较。
must 与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近，但在用法上有所区别。
(1)must含有说话者的强烈决意(表示主观的看法)，have to 则表示外力环境或习惯使然(即表示客观的必要，作“不得不”解)。eg.①I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(发自内心的决定)
②I have to study hard. 我不得不努力学习。(外界因素逼迫)
③You must stay for supper. 你必须留下来吃晚饭。(because I want you to)
④You have to stay for supper. 你得留下来吃晚饭。(because there is nowhere else to go)
(2) must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。
eg.①They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather. 由于坏天气，他们不得不推迟运动会。
②These last two days he has had to take a rest at home. 这两天他必须一直在家休息。
(3) must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。eg.①You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone. 你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。(mustn't表示“禁止”)
②You don't have to tell me the secret. 你不必告诉我这个秘密。(don't have to意思是“没有必要”= don't need to)4．must用于表示推测，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。
(1) must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词) ，表示对现在状态的推测。
eg.①He must be very lazy, for his desk is very untidy. 他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。
②Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day.
卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了，她每天都做同样的事。
(2) must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。
eg. Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on. 多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。
(3) must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。
eg.①The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。
②I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。
提示：must表示推测只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。
eg.①He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry already. 他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。
②They have just arrived here. They can't know many people. 他们刚到这里，不可能认识很多人。
③Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can't / couldn't have seen me.
莱斯利从我身边走过而没打招呼，他肯定没看见我。5.must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。eg.①We all must die. 我们都会死。 ②Truth must be out. 真相必然会大白的。③Winter must be followed by spring. 冬天到了，春天还会远吗？6.must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。
eg.①Why must it rain today 为什么偏偏在今天下雨？
②When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door. 正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。小测试：1. “ Must we do it now ” “No, you _____________.”A. won’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. mustn’t2. The teacher said the students ____________smoke at school.A. needn’t B. may notC. mustn’tD. wouldn’t3. He ____________go to see a doctor before it is too late.A. mustB. needC. mightD. shall4. “__________we finish all the homework in class ” “Yes, you ___________.” A. Shall; willB. Need; canC. Can; mightD. Must; must5. “Must I put my bike here ” “No, you ________________.” A. don’t have toB. can’tC. mustn’tD. don’t need6. I didn’t hear the phone; I ____________asleep. A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been7. Where is my pen I ______________it. A. might loseB. would have lostC. should have lostD. must have lost8. Peter ________come with us tonight; but he isn’t very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will9. It’s seven o’clock. Jack _____________be here at any moment.A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can10. I saw him to just now; he ____________have gone ShanghaiA. mustB. mustn’tC. canD. can’t11. “What are they doing over there ” “They _____________about you.” A. must talkB. must have talkedC. must be talkingD. must talking12. When I got home last night, it _________ten o’clock. A. should be B. could be C. must be D. must have been13. Jack _____________already; otherwise he wouldn’t have telephoned me. A. must arriveB. must have arrivedC. can arriveD. can have arrivedD. will和would:
1.will和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议等。would比 will委婉客气。eg.①Will you have some tea 你喝点茶，好吗？
②Will you share your happiness with us 你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗？
③Would you pass this book to the student in the last row 请你把这本书传给最后一排的学生好吗？必背：
Will / Would you ... 表示请求和建议的答复。肯定回答 Yes, please. 是的，请。 Certainly. 当然可以。 Sure. 当然了。All right. 好啊！否定回答I'm sorry. I can't. 对不起，不行。No, thank you. 不，不行。No, I won't. 不，不行。2.will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心，用于各种人称陈述句。eg.①I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
②I will never tell you the secret. 我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。
③None is so blind as those who won't see. 不愿看的人眼睛最瞎。
④They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。3.will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作eg.①He will surf the Internet every night. 他每天晚上都在上网。
②The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那儿好几个钟头，看着车辆行人通过。
③He would be nervous when he met strangers. 遇见陌生人时他总是很紧张。
④In class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him.
课上，他总是问一些蠢问题，他的同学们总是嘲笑他。4.will可表示固执坚持，这时will不可使用'll的简略形式。用于非人称主语时，表示物体的固有性质和倾向eg.①I will take the job, and no one can stop me. 我就要这个工作，没有人可阻止我。
②He won't do what he's told. 他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做。 ③The window won't open. 窗子打不开。
④This glass will not crack under heavy pressure. 这种玻璃在重压下也不会破碎。5.will表示将来时间时，不可用于条件状语从句，但will表示意愿或决心时，可用于条件状语从句。eg.① If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。
② If you will give up smoking, your health will improve. 如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况就会好转。6.will和would可表示推论或猜测。eg.①The patient took the sleeping pills an hour ago. He will be asleep now. 病人一小时前吃的安眠药，现在应该睡着了。
②It would be about ten when he left home.. 他大约在十点钟离开的家。
③I thought he would have told you about it. 我认为他已告知你此事。
④It would be raining when she went home.. 她回家时可能正在下雨。
比较： Would you like ... 表示邀请 / Do you like ... 表示习惯
eg.①——Do you like going/ to go the cinema 你喜欢看电影吗？——Yes, I go to the cinema a lot. 是的，我经常去看电影。
②——Would you like to go to the cinema tonight 今天晚上去看电影好吗？——Yes, I'd love to. 非常乐意。E. shall和should:1.shall
(1) 表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。eg.①Shall I carry it for you 我来帮你搬它，好吗？ ②Shall we sing a song 我们唱一支歌，好吗？
③Shall they wait outside 让他们在外面等吗？
④Shall the waiter bring meals to your room 要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗？
提示：eg.①Shall I open the window 我打开窗子好吗？ ②Will you open the window 你打开窗子好吗？
③Shall he open the window 他打开窗子好吗？
(2) 表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。
eg. ①You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令)
②He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。(警告)
③You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。
④Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。(决心)
⑤He shall have the book when I finish reading. 我看完这本书就给他看。(允诺)
⑥I shall do my homework after reading this story book.. 读完这本故事书后我就做作业。2.should
(1) 表示义务，意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
eg.①Children should obey their parents. 儿童应该服从他们的父母。
②One shouldn't be selfish. 人千万别自私。
③Customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they 没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？
(2) 常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。
eg.①How should I know 我怎么会知道呢 ②Why should I fear 我为什么会害怕？
③What should she do but cry for help 除了呼救外，她还能干什么？
④I don't know why you should think I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
(3) 表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。
eg.①It should be fine tomorrow. 明天可能天是晴天。 ②He should be taking a bath now. 他可能在洗澡。
③It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack should be here at any moment. 已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。
④The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
(4) 表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评(应做的事却没做)。
eg.①The boys shouldn't be playing football. They should be at school. 这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。
②You shouldn't have entered the teachers' office without permission. 没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。 小测试：1. Where _____________the students wait on Sunday morning A. shallB. wouldC. needD. do2. She dislikes the man; she ___________never marry him.A. shallB. willC. wouldD. should3. If you ___________study hard, you’ll fail in the exam.A. can’tB. shouldn’tC. won’tD. mustn’t4. Tell me the truth, ____________you A. doB. don’tC. canD. will5. However he tries, the car _____________. A. won’t start B. won’t be started C. can’t start D. can’t be starting6. “Can I help you, sir ” “Yes, I bought the radio here yesterday, but it _____________.” A. didn’t workB. won’t workC. can’t workD. doesn’t work7. Mother promised me she __________buy me an English- Chinese dictionary. A. is to B. will C. would D. shall8. ____________you like someone to take me to the theatre A. Will B. MayC. Would D. Shall9. People ___________think that the sun went around the earth.A. shouldB. wouldC. couldD. used to10. _____________you be kind enough to help me A. ShouldB. ShallC. WouldD. Will11. If you ____________see my teacher, please give my regards.A. shallB. wouldC. shouldD. doF. ought to:
1．表示义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务而该做)，口气比should稍重。
eg.①We ought to defend our country. 我们应当保卫我们的国家。(每一个公民应尽的义务)②You ought to respect your parents. 你应当尊敬你的父母。
③Oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution 难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染 2.表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。
eg.①Prices ought to come down soon. 价格可能会很快下跌。
②Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
③There's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。3.ought to和should一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。eg.①You ought to be washing your clothes. Why are you playing Ping-Pong
你应该在洗衣服(可是你没洗)。为什么你在打乒乓球？
②You ought to have handed in the exercise last week. 你上周就应当交练习。(可你没交，含责备的意思。)
③He ought to have asked me before he took my bike. 他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。4.ought to 与should的比较。
ought to 和should的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought to表示“应该”， 是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。
eg.①You are her mother. You ought to look after her.
你是她的母亲，你应当照管她。(是道义上的责任，不能和should互换。)
②We should encourage him, for we are his classmates. 我们应该鼓励他，我们是他的同班同学啊！提示：表示“义务”时，我们在口语中可以用had better或be supposed to 来代替should和ought to。
eg. ①If you are not well, you had better ask Alice to go instead. 如果你不舒服，你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。
②I'm supposed to be there at 8 o'clock. 我应该八点到那里。G. used to:
1.used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。eg.①He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. 他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了。(强调现在不喝茶了)
②I know where there used to be a river here. 我知道这儿以前哪里有条河。(现在没有河了)
③When I was a child, I didn't use to like tomatoes. 我小时候不喜欢吃西红柿。
④He is not what he used to be.. 他已不是原来的他了。
⑤Where did you use to live before you came here 来此之前你住在什么地方？2.would 和used to的用法区别。
(1) used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的情况，与现在无关。eg.① When he was young, he would smoke a lot.
他年轻时总是吸许多烟。(不含有和现在比较，现在他也许还在抽，也许不抽了。)
② He used to live in the country, but now he lives in the city. 他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。(2) used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
eg.①Kate used to be very thin. 以前凯特非常瘦。
②There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。(不用would)(3) used to可泛指过去的习惯动作或状态，而would表示过去的习惯动作时，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。【误】We would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
【正】We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. 我们过去常在田野里玩捉迷藏。
【正】Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 每当我们在乡下，我们都在田野里玩捉迷藏。H. dare: 既可用作情态动词，也可用作行为动词，指勇气和胆量上的可能，可译为“敢”。
1．情态动词dare
(1) dare作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句，一般不用于肯定句中。
eg.①I dare not / daren't walk through the forest at night. 我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。
②--- Dare you walk through the forest at night 你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗？
--- Yes, I dare. 是的，我敢。 --- No, I daren't. 不，我不敢。
③He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day. 下雨天他不敢开得太快。
④He dared not do it last year. 去年他不敢做这事。(dare的过去时为dared)(2) 可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。eg.①I wonder how he dare say such things. 我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。
②We don't know whether he dare climb the mountain. 我们不知道他是否敢爬那座山。
(3) 可以用于条件状语从句中。eg.①If the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end. 果敌人敢进入村里，我们就和他们战斗到底。
②If you dare cheat in your exam, I will give you some punishment. 如果你们敢在考试中作弊，我就惩罚你们。2.行为动词dare
(1) dare可以作为行为动词，多用于肯定句中，但也可用在疑问句和否定句中eg.①He will dare any danger. 他敢面对任何危险。
②He dared me to jump over the stream. 他激我跳过小溪。
③Did anyone dare to admit it 有人敢于承认吗？
④I have never dared (to) go back to take a look. 我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。（否定句中to可省略）
(2) 和其他行为动词一样，dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。
eg.①He doesn't dare to walk at night. 他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）
②He daren't walk at night. 他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）
③Does he dare to walk at night 他敢走夜路吗？（作行为动词）
④Dare he walk at night 他敢走夜路吗？（作情态动词）
⑤He didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago. 15年前他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）
⑥He daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago. 15年前他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）
⑦Will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow 明天你敢做同样的实验吗？（作行为动词）
⑧Dare you do the same experiment tomorrow？ 明天你敢做同样的实验吗？ （作情态动词）
必背：英语口语中dare的几个常用结构：
● I dare say... 我想, 大概, 可能, 或许… eg. I dare say things will improve. 我想情况会好转的。
● How dare you ... 你怎么敢……？ eg. How dare you ask me such a question 你怎么敢问我这样的问题？
● I dare you ... 我谅你也不敢…… eg. I dare you to tell your parents! 我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！小测试：1. They didn’t dare to go there, ___________they A. daredB. dareC. didD. do2. “Dare you go home at night ” “_______________.”A. Yes, I doB. No, I don’tC. No, I daren’tD. Yes, I daren’t3. Do they ____________for more money A. dare askB. dared askC. dare askingD. dare to asking4. He never ____________there again. A. dares goingB. dare goingC. dare goD. dares to goingI. need1.情态动词need
need 和dare一样，作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句中(在肯定句中常被 must, have to, ought to, should等情态动词取代)。作为情态动词，它的词形只有need一种形式。
eg.①You needn't return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.　你现在不必还书， 如果愿意，你可以下周还。(needn't = don't have to)eg.②Need I hand in my homework now 我现在就要交家庭作业吗？
③--- Need he finish the article next week.　他要下个星期完成这篇文章吗？
--- Yes, he must.　是的，他必须完成。 --- No, he needn't. 不，他不需要。(= he doesn't have to)2.行为动词need
need和dare一样，也可以作行为动词，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行为动词need有人称和数的变化。eg.①Plant needs water. 植物需要水。 ②My shirt needs a button. 我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。
③My car needs repairing. 我的车该修理了。
④He has grown up. We don't need to worry about him. 他已经长大了，我们不必为他担心。
⑤You don't need to buy so many things for the picnic. 你不必为这次野餐买这么多东西。
⑥Patience is needed for that job. 干那工作，需要耐心。提示：Need作为情态动态时，不要用于肯定句中。
【误】She need do her homework by herself. (need作为情态动词时，不用于肯定句中)
【正】She needs to do her homework by herself. 她该独立完成家庭作业。小测试：1. You _________return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. needn’t D. may not2. “Shall I tell John about it ” “No, you _______________. I’ve told him already.A. needn’tB. wouldn’tC. mustn’t D. shouldn’t3. I ____________so much wine; only three people came. A. needn’t boughtB. needn’t have boughtC. don’t need to buyD. to didn’t need buy4. “Need you go there at once ” “Yes, I _______________.”A. needB. do C. mustD. should5. She needs ___________the news at once.A. tellingB. being toldC. to be toldD. to tell三、 情态动词+动词完成式“情态动词+have done”是情态动词的一个十分重要的结构，这种结构有两个主要的用法。
表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测或估计
(1) may / might + have done 表示“大概已经” 通常用于肯定句和否定句。 might有时可用于疑问句。
(2) can / could + have done 表示“可能已经” 通常用于疑问句和否定句。 could有时可用于肯定句。
(3) must + have done 表示“一定已经” 只用于肯定句，具有较大的可能性。
(4) should + have done表示“该”,可能性较小 表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备。
(5) might + have done 表示“本可以” 通常用于肯定句。
(6) could + have done 表示“本可以” 通常用于肯定句。
(7)should + have done 表示“应该” 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
(8) ought to + have done 表示“应该” 同should have done。
(9) needn't have done 表示“本没有必要”。 只用于否定句。A. may / might + have done
1.表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测，常译为“可能已经”。eg.①They might have taken a later train. 也许他们乘坐的是晚一点儿的火车。
②He seems to know the city quite well. He may have been there before. 他似乎对那个城市很熟悉，他以前可能去过那儿。
2.表示“本来应该或可以做但没有做某事”，含有轻微的责备口吻或遗憾。
eg. ①You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本来应该给他更多的帮助，虽然你很忙。
②The proposal might have been refused. 这个建议本该拒绝的。B. can / could + have done1.表示对过去事实的推测，常用于否定句和疑问句。
eg.①He can't /couldn't have watched TV yesterday for he knew they would have an exam. 昨天他不可能看电视，因为他知道快要考试了。②I don't know why she didn't call me yesterday. Can (Could) she have forgotten my telephone number 我不知道昨天她为什么没给我打电话，难道她会把我的电话号码忘了吗？③He didn't come to school yesterday. Can he have been ill 他昨天没来学校，难道他生病了吗 2.could可表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾，可译成“本来是可以……的”。
eg.①Why didn't Sophia apply for the job She could have got it. 为什么索菲不申请这项工作？她本来是能得到的。
②Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York You could have stayed with Barbara. 你到纽约时为什么住宾馆？你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的。③Given more time, we could have done the work better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们完全可以把这项工作干得更好。C. must + have done1.表示对过去事实有把握的推测，具有较大的可能性。只用于肯定句中，否定句和疑问句用can / could have done。eg.①His watch must have stopped. 他的表肯定停了。
②--- I rang your flat yesterday. A man answered but I didn't recognize the voice. 昨天我给你家打电话，一位男士接了电话，但我没听出来是谁的声音。
--- Oh, it must have been my brother Peter. 哦，那一定是我哥哥彼得。2.用于虚拟语气中时，表示与过去事实相反。
eg.①You must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier. 如果你早一点儿起床的话，你准能赶上那一班公共汽车了。(事实上没有赶上公共汽车)
②He must have won the game if he had been careful enough. 如果他足够细心的话，他准能赢得比赛。.D. needn't + have done: 用于对过去的责备，表示“没有必要做某事，可是做了”。eg.①The airport is close to us. You needn't have hurried there early. 机场离这儿很近，你没必要早早地赶到那里。(可是你早早地到那儿了)
②He is still young. You needn't have sent him such an expensive present. 他还小，你没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。注意： 如表示“过去不必做也没有做”之意，需用didn't need to do。
eg. It is not cold today. I didn't need to take the thick sweaters out. 今天天气不冷，我没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来。(实际上也没拿)E. should / ought to + have done1.表示对过去动作的责备或批评。eg.①You should have gone over your lessons. (In fact you didn't go over your lessons.) 你们应把功课复习好的。(可事实上你们没有。)
②You shouldn't have watched TV last night. (In fact you watched TV last night.) 你们昨天晚上本不该看电视。（可你们看了。）
③You oughtn't to have entered the teachers' office without permission. 没有经过允许，你们本不该进老师的办公室。
④You oughtn't to have gone to the deserted place alone. 你不该独自去那荒凉之地。2.表示期待或推测。eg.①If the flight was on time, you should / ought to have arrived in Shanghai early this morning. 如果航班准点的话，你今早就能到上海了。
②The building should / ought to have been completed by the end of the week. 这幢建筑物本周末前应该能完工。F. would + have done表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果。
eg.①I would have been happy to see him, but I didn't have time. 我会很高兴和他见面的，但我没时间见他。
②If your father had still been alive, he would have felt very proud of you. 你父亲如果还健在的话，他会为你骄傲的。 从高考题看情态动词的用法:最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便复习掌握。 一、用“情态动词＋have ＋done”结构表示对过去动作的推测。高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 “对立统一”来概括。 1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用“统一”关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有： must have done： 表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作“一定做了……”，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't／couldn't have done? 疑问式为Can／Could...have done？。 could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作“可能做了……”。eg. ① Sorry I'm late．I ____________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again．(北京 2000春) A. might B. should C. can D. will 解析：该题前句说明了结果，后句接着说出了产生这种结果的可能性，对前句进行补充说明。分析选项可知本题应选A。 ② My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture．(上海 2000) A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended 解析：该题前句叙说一个客观事实，后句对前句进行补充说明，分析选项可知C是错误的? 而B、D两项不符合题意。故本题选A。③ Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海'97)
A. mustn't have arrived B. shouldn't have arrived C. can't have arrived D. need not have arrived (C)2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助“but, however, instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有： should have done ／ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。 should not have done ／ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。 need have done：表示过去本来有必要去做某事，但事实上没有做。 need not have done：表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。 eg. ① I was really anxious about you． You ＿＿＿＿＿ home without a word． (NMET2001) A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave 解析：分析该题前后句之间的关系和语气可知，事实上是 “本不应该离家出走却走了”，故本题选B。 ② I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿＿ for her． (NMET'94) A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 解析：由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。 二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。 eg. ①—Is John coming by train？ —He should, but he ＿＿＿＿＿＿ not． He likes driving his car． (NMET2002) A. must B. can C. need D. may解析：mustn't 表示“禁止、不准”；cannot 表示“不可能”；need not 表示“不必要”；may not 表示“可能不”。分析语境可知本题应选D。 ②—I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins．＿＿＿＿＿＿I have a look？ —Yes, certainly． (北京2002春) A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should 解析：分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许可，may表示“允许、可以”，语气比较委婉? shall常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示，如果此空用shall，则意为“要（我）看一下吗？”，不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。 ③ Mr. Bush is on time for everything．How ＿＿＿＿ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ (上海2001春) A. can B. should C. may D. must 解析：must be 表示肯定的猜测，只能用于肯定句中，由题意可知本题应选A。 ④ —Are you coming to Jeff's party？ —I'm not sure． I ＿＿＿＿ go to the concert instead． (NMET2000) A. must B. would C. should D. might解析： 由题意和下句中的 “I'm not sure” 可知这段对话中存在一种可能性推测，might可以用来表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断，故本题选D。 ⑤I should have been there, but I ＿＿＿＿＿ not find the time． (上海2000春)
A. would B. could C. might D. should 解析：分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力；C 项只表示语气上的可能性，与题意不符。故本题选B。 ⑥Johnny, you ＿＿＿＿ play with the knife, you ＿＿＿＿ hurt yourself． (NMET'96)
A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may C. shouldn't; must D. can't; shouldn't 解析：mustn't 表示“不可以；禁止”，分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性，故本题选B。 ⑦—Will you stay for lunch —Sorry, ＿＿＿＿＿＿． My brother is coming to see me． (NMET'99)
A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't 解析：分析题意可知因为“我弟弟要来看我”，所以“不能留下”，因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A 项表示“禁止”；C项表示“不必要”；而D项表示“不会”，均不符合题意。故本题选B。⑧—Could I borrow your dictionary？ —Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿．(MET'92)
A. might B. will C. can D. should (C) ⑨—When can I come for the photos？ I need them tomorrow afternoon．—They ________________be ready by 12: 00． (NMET'98) A. can B. should C .might D. need 解析：该题考查情态动词should的基本含义，分析句意可知本题应选B。10) The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things ＿＿＿＿＿happen to him．(上海'96)
A. might B. would C. should D. could? 答案: C 11) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿＿ get out．(NMET'97)
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 解析：该题考查了could和be able to的区别，二者都可表示过去时间的能力，但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was ／ were able to do，故本题选D。 12) —Shall I tell John about it ？ —No, you ＿＿＿＿＿． I've told him already． (NMET'94)
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 解析： 情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 “没有必要了”，故本题选A。
高中英语语法练习题——情态动词
一、基础练习：
1. He _____________ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't
2. I _________ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't
3. This cake is very sweet. You ________ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
4. He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need
5. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They ________ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
6. --- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today --- Something __________ to him.
A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened
7. --- Do you know where David is I couldn't find him anywhere. --- Well. He ______ have gone far his coat is still here.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. wouldn't
8. ---Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary. --- She __________. I've already borrowed one.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
9. --- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. --- Thanks. You ___________ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn't do B. needn't have done C. mustn't do D. shouldn't have done
10. There________ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn't B. shan't C. shouldn't D. needn't
11. ----The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. ----Oh, dear! She ___________ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone though
12. ----I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake. ----It _________ Harry's. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn't be D. could be
13. Helen __________ go on the trip with us, but she isn't quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can
14. If I ________ plan to do anything I wanted to, I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A. would B. could C have to D. ought to
15. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers__________ not like the design of the furniture.
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
16. ----Who is the girl standing over there ---- Well, if you ___________ know, her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
17. Children under 12 years of age in that country__________ be under adult supervision when in a public library.
A. must B. may C. can D. need
18. "The interest ___________ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides," declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
19. ---- I'll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. ----You ____________ her last week.
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
20. I ____________ pay Tom a visit, but I'm not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A. should B. might C. would D. could
21. ----I don't mind telling you what I know. ----You ____________. I'm not asking you for it.
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't
22. ----Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. A. shan't B. might not
----You___________ have my computer if you don't take care of it. C. needn't D. shouldn't
23. ----Excuse me. Is that the right way to the Summer Palace ----Sorry, I'm not sure, but it _____________ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
24. ----Mum, I've been studying English since 8 o'clock. ____________ I go out and play with Tom for a while
----No, I'm afraid not. Besides, it's raining outside now. A. can't B. wouldn't C. may not D. won't
25. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ____________report it to the police
A. should B. may C. will D. can
26. Mr. White____________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
27. You ___________ be tired—you've only been working for an hour. A. must not B. won't C. can't D. may not
28. Because there is no light in the room, he __________ be in. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. dare not
29. —__________some more people to do the work —Yes, I think we do.
A. Need we ask for B. Do we need to ask for C. Need we to ask for D. Do we need ask for
30. Henry __________be at home because he telephoned me from Beijing just a moment ago.
A. needn’t B. isn’t able to C. can’t D. does not
31.—May I smoke here —No, ___________
A. you mustn’t B. you may not C. you’d better not D. all the three answers
32. —Did you criticize him for his mistakes —Yes, but ____________it.
A. I’d not rather B. I’d rather not have done C. I’d better not do D. I’d rather not doing
33. —___________we go out for a walk —Good idea. What tine shall we meet
A. Shall B. Let C. Will D. Must
34. —Must we finish the work today —No, you ____________. You may leave some to tomorrow.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. needn’t
35. These shoes ___________Jim’s, I think. A. maybe B. may be C. may are D. may is
36. My bike is broken and I __________go to school on foot today. A. have to B. has to C. must D. having to
37. You’ve never been to my home though we are good friends. Please do ____________my home.
A. to come round B. come up to C. to come along D. come over to
38. Could you tell me where __________find him A. could we B. can we C. we could D. we can
39. He told me that he ___________walk home because there was no bus at that time.
A. had better B. should C. had to D. must
40. “_______________I phone him now ” “Certainly, you ___________.”
A. Need; need B. Can; may C. May; can D. Must; need
41. The villagers __________to fetch water from dirty pool before liberation. A. I could B. must C. had D. might
42. ______________open the door for you A. Would you like that I B. Do you want me C. Will I D. Shall I
43. I ____________like to know where you were born. A. shall B. should C. could D. may
44. He _____________go there A. dare not B. don’t dare C. dares not D. does not dare
45. __________you please help me with my lessons A. Shall B. Can C. Will D. May
46. The king said that he ____________make the fisherman rich. A. will B. must C. would D. might
47. ____________you like to come to my party A. Shall B. Would C. Should D. Will
48. —___________you play football with us —Sorry, I ____________. I tidy my room.
A. Will; won’t; must B. Could; couldn’t; could C. Can; can’t; have to D. May; mayn’t; must
49. —_____________I sing a song for you —No, thanks. This is a library, you ______________sing here.
A. May; may B. Can; can’t C. May; mustn’t D. Must; may not
50. She _____________be good at both maths and English, ______________she
A. must; mustn’t B. need; needn’t C. may not; may D. can’t; can
51. I am sorry that you were late for the meeting. You ___________on time this morning.
A. should be B. would be C. ought to have been D. ought to be
52.—Must I wash the clothes before supper —No, you ________________. You can do it after supper.
A. need B. needn’t C. could D. couldn’t
53. You ______________play football in the street. A. can’t B. must C. needn’t D. mustn’t
54. He hasn’t come to school. I think he __________be ill. A. can B. must C. needn’t D. can’t
55. —Could I use your phone —Yes，of course you ________________. A. can B. could C. may D. might
56. No one ____________that to his face. A. dare t say B. dares said C. dares saying D. dare say
57. —Where is Tom —I am not sure. He ___________be in the classroom. A. can B. must C. may D. might
58. You ____________to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come
59. I had to go home, ___________I A. mustn’t B. didn’t C. hadn’t D. hadn’t to
60. He is as poor as poor ____________be. A. can B. may C. must D. should
二、情态动词提高练习
1．--- Shall I tell John about it --- No, you _____________. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
2. --- There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. --- It ______ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
3. --- Why didn’t you come to see me --- I ____________, but I was too busy yesterday.
A. like to B. should like to C. would like to have D. am going to
4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___________ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
5. There was plenty of time; she ______________.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. needn’t have hurried C. may not have hurried D. wouldn’t have hurried
6. --- Is John coming by air --- He should, but ___________ not. He likes taking trains.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
7. --- __________ it be Li Ping who broke the glass --- No. It _________ be Wang Hai who did it.
A. Could; may B. Can; can C. May; must D. Can; must
8. When the old man was alive, he ________ sit for hours at the door. A. would B. could C. must D. might
9. Jack, you _________ play with the knife; you _________ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; should
10. I’ve decided to take the job and I ___________ change my mind. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. may not
11. She _________ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.
A. dares not go B. dares not to go C. dare not to go D. doesn’t dare to go
12. My parents never remember my telephone number, and they always ___________ look it up.
A. must B. can C. should D. have to
13. --- Where is Jack I can’t find him anywhere. --- He ___________ his homework upstairs.
A. might have done B. must have done C. might be doing D. must do
14. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
15. --- If he __________, he ____________ that food. --- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
16. --- I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins. ___________I have a look --- Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
17. — When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon. — They __________be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
18. I_________ such a mistake again. A. will never make B. shall never make C. can never do D. need never do
19. He began to write two hours ago. He ___________ have finished the article now.
A. must B. ought C. would D. had to
20. Looking at my determined face, the big boy __________ pick up the fight.
A. dares not B. dare not C. doesn't dare D. dares not to
21. — You know that you were driving 100 km an hour, don't you — No officer, I _____________. This car doesn't do more than 80.
A. may not have been B. couldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. shouldn't have been
22. I think he could have joined us, but he __________. A. doesn't B. did C. didn't D. couldn't
23. — Why _________ it rain now I ________ go to the concert at 7. — What a pity!
A. can, might not B. should, needn't C. must, can't D. need, mustn't
24. He was caught in the rain last night. That ___________ his cold.
A. can bring about B. ought to bring about C. should have brought about D. may have brought about
25. — Did you visit the famous museum — No, we _________, but we spent too much time shopping.
A. could have visited B. must have visited C. can' t have visited D. shouldn't have visited
26. — You must phone us every week. — Yes, I __________. A. must B. have to C. will D. should
27. Don't throw the bottles away. They ___________ in the future.
A. may need B. are needed C. can be needing D. might be needed
28. English is a language that many people around the world ___________ not speak perfectly but __________at least understand.
A. may, can B. would, might C. will, must D. could, might
29. — I wonder why Mr. Wang didn't attend the lecture. — He ___________ another one.
A. could have B. must have C. might have had D. should have had
30. He was taken away by the police. He ________ for a robber.
A. must be mistaken B. was being mistaken C. must mistake D. must have been mistaken
31. — I wonder if I _________ smoke here. — No, you _________. Could you see the sign "No Smoking" there
A. can, needn't B. shall, won’t C. must, can't D. may, mustn't
32. — I haven't seen Mr. White for weeks. — What ________ to him
A. must have happened B. may have happened C. can have happened D. may happen
33. — I didn't go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down. — You ________ mine. I wasn't using it.
A. might borrow B. could have borrowed C. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow
34. — A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband. — It _________ her husband. He has been dead for ages.
A. mustn't be B. couldn't have been C. may not have been D. mustn't have been
35. Considering that Tom always did well in all his subjects, he __________ in the final exam.
A. mustn't fail B. couldn't have failed C. ought not to fail D. mustn't have failed
36. She ___________ the hospital so soon, for she has not yet recovered.
A. wouldn't have left B. shouldn't have left C. mustn't have left D. didn't have to leave
37. — I promise her daughter __________ get a nice present on her birthday. — Will it be a big surprise to her
A. should B. must C. would D. shall
38. — What's wrong with your pen' — The ink _________ come out. A. can't B. doesn't C. hasn't D. won' t
39. "Whatever you want, you _________ have it on condition that you get the best result." said the boss.
A. would B. ought to C. shall D. could
40. Tom, you are so lazy! This work ___________ hours ago.
A. should finish B. must have finished C. should have been finished D. might have finished
四、历年高考情态动词归纳：
1. We ______________for her because she never came. (1988全国—5)
A. needn’t wait B. shouldn’t have waited C. mustn’t wait D. mustn’t have waited
2. I didn’t hear the phone. I _______asleep. (1989全国—21) A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
3. He ______________you more help, even though he was very busy. (1990全国—25)
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
4. A computer ______________think for itself; it must be told what to do. (1991全国—15)
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
5. —Could I borrow your dictionary？ —Yes, of course you ____________．(1992全国—12)
A. might B. will C. can D. should
6. Peter ___________come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. (1993全国—21)
A. must B. may C. can D. will
7. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____________for her． (1994全国—16)
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
8.—Shall I tell John about it ？ —No, you_____________． I've told him already． (1994)
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
9. —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. —It _________a comfortable journey. (1995—15)
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
10. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______________be here at any moment. (1995全国—31)
A. must B. need C. should D. can
11. Susan _____________written a report like this. (1995.上海)
A. can have B. mustn’t have C. can’t have D. ought to not have
12. I wonder how he ___________that to the teacher. (1995.上海)
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
13. Johnny, you ________play with the knife, you _______________hurt yourself. (1996—8)
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
14.The old man is always hunting the lions, so terrible things _____________happen to him．(1996)
A. might B. would C. should D. could?
15. When he was there, he _________go to that office shop at the corner after work every day. (1996.上海)
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
16. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _________something she would regret later. (1996.上海)
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
17. Sir, you____________ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. (1996.上海)
A. oughtn’t to B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
18. Jack ____________yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. (1997.上海)
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
19. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night __________, too cold for us to live. (1997.上海)
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
20. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________get out. (1997—24)
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
21.----When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They __________be ready by 12:00． (1998—13)
A. can B. should C. might D. need
22.----I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh, did you You ________ with Barbara. (1998—19)
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stay
23. —Will you stay for lunch —Sorry, _____________. My brother is coming to see me. (1999—15)
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
24.Sorry，I’m late. I ___________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (2000年北京/安徽春季卷—20)
A. might B. should C. can D. will
25.I should have been there, but I ____________find the time. (2000年上海春季卷—14)
A. would B. could C. might D. should
26.—Are you coming to Jeff’s party —I’m not sure. I _________ go to the concert instead. (2000年全国卷—15/广东卷—26)
A. must B. would C. should D. might
27.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___________your lecture. (2000年上海夏季卷—23)
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
28.—Write to me when you get home. —____________. (2001年京皖蒙春季卷—6)
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
29.Mr. Brush is on time for everything. How _________it be that he was late for the opening ceremony (2001年上海春季卷—27)
A. can B. should C. may D. must
30.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____________be so rude to a lady. (2001年上海夏季卷—34)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
31.I was really anxious about you. You ____________home without a word. (2001年全国夏季卷—33)
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
32.—I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____________I have a look —Yes, certainly. (2002年京皖蒙春季卷—29)
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
33. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ___________so much fried chicken just now. (2002年上海春季卷—28)
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
34. It has been announced that candidates _____________remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002年上海卷—27)
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
35. It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ___________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002年上海卷—37)
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
36.—I heard that they went skiing in the mountains last winter. —It __________true because there was little snow there.(2002年北京卷—31)
A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
37.—Is John coming by train —He should, but he __________not. He likes driving his car. (2002年全国卷—25)
A. must B. can C. need D. may
38. My English dictionary has disappeared. Who ____________have taken it (2003年上海春季卷—24)
A. should B. must C. could D. would
39. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ___________go and do the opposite! (2003年上海春季卷—
A. may B. can C. must D. should
40.—The room is so dirty. __________we clean it —Of course. (2003年北京春季卷—21)
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
41. How ___________you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article (2003年上海卷—29)
A. can B. must C. need D. may
42. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _____________ be left for short time, especially at a railway station. (2003年全国卷—28)
A. should B. can C. must D. will
43. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _____________not like the design of the furniture. (2004年上海春季卷—29)
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
44. —Excuse me, but I use your computer to type a report. —You _________have my computer if you don’t take care of it. (2004年湖南—28)
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
45. —Who is the girl standing over there —Well, if you _________know, her name is Mabel. (2004年天津—31)
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
46. Children under 12 years of age in that country ___________be under adult supervision when in a public library. (2004年上海—28)
A. must B. may C. can D. need
47. —Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there —No，it ___________be him—I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (2004年全国I—29)
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
48. “The internet ____________be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (2004年重庆—24)
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
49. Mr. White ____________at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (2004年广西—27)
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
50. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I __________report it to the police (2004年全国III/广西—21)
A. should B. may C. will D. can
51. —I don’t mind telling you what I know. —You ___________. I’m not asking you for it. (2004年江苏—22)
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
52. I ____________pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (2004年浙江—26)
A. should B. might C. would D. could
53. —Excuse me, is this the right way to the Summer Palace —Sorry, I am not sure. But it _____________be. (2004年湖北—26)
A. might B. will C. must D. can
54. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. —You ___________her last week. (2004年福建—32)
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
55.—Tom graduated from college at a very young age. —Oh, he __________have been a very smart boy then. (2004年甘肃/宁夏/新疆等—22)
A. could B. should C. might D. must
56. —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. _____________I go out and play with Tom for a while —No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. (2004年辽宁—29)
A. Can’t B. wouldn’t C. May not D. Won’t
57. Tom, you __________leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (2005年全国I—26)
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
58. John, look at the time. ___________you play the piano at such a late hour (2