2023届高三英语二轮复习之阅读理解专项训练(4篇word版附答案解析)

高三一轮复习 阅读理解期中专项训练
1.真题多维细目表
2.命题规律与备考策略：
1.阅读理解的文章体裁以说明文为主,以应用文、议论文、记叙文为辅。
2.从设题角度看，阅读理解的考频由高到低为:细节理解，推理判断，主旨要义，猜测词义。
备考过程中，要力求做到:
①弄清关键词汇、短语的确切含义，深人分析长难句，每周进行1至2次精读训练；
②提高阅读速度和准确度，采用正确的阅读方法, 注意力集中在语意上，多用略读、跳读、扫读和回读的快捷方法，最短的时间内找寻关键词、主题句及作者意图等重要信息。
3.期中书面表达再现：
(川大附中2022-2023学年上期半期考试试题)
A
April Fool’s Day is here—a time for tricks and fun. After these silly behaviors are done, why not enjoy some funny comedies on ABC and Freeform Whether you’re looking for a hot new series premiere (首映), or hoping to find a cozy film to watch with the family, there’s something for everyone. Best of all, it’s all free to watch. So grab the popcorn and warm up your funny bones.
ABC
Whatever your preference of comedy, there’s sure to be something to arouse your interest on ABC. If you’re looking for a great workplace sitcom (情景喜剧), then now is the perfect time to discover the series premiere of Abbott Elementary. Or maybe you want some drama mixed in with your comedy, in which case be sure to check out the Golden Globe-winning Ugly Betty.
Of course, sitcoms aren’t the only thing that you can laugh along with on ABC, there are a lot of other funny shows too! If you want to see groups of celebrities test their knowledge, then check out Celebrity Wheel of Fortune.
Freeform
There are also plenty of great comedies readily available on Freeform. If you’re looking for a classic sitcom to sink your teeth into, then you can watch full seasons of Baby Daddy. If you want something with a little more excitement, then you can jump right into the cruel world of teen gymnasts with Make It or Break It, as Kaylie, Payson, Lauren, and Emily compete to win a place on the national team and attend the Olympics.
If you’d prefer to watch a movie, then don’t worry. There are also several great Freeform original movies readily available for free. If you’re in the mood for a light-hearted romantic comedy, then look no further than the likes of My Fake Fiance.
1. What is special about Ugly Betty
A. It is an original movie.
B. It is an award-winning drama.
C. It is a sitcom about cruel reality.
D. It is a show about TV personalities.
2. If you prefer something about competition and efforts, you can choose .
A. Abbott Elementary B. My Fake Fiance
C. Make It or Break It D. Celebrity Wheel of Fortune
3. What do the movies and shows mentioned have in common
A. They are free to watch. B. They are funny sitcoms.
C. They are about April Fool’s Day. D. They are about love and romance.
B
NEW DELHI—Acupuncture (针灸) has become a bridge of friendship between India and China, with more Indians accepting the form of traditional Chinese medicine over the past few decades, experts say.
Acupuncture, a technique to cure various illnesses, was introduced in India in 1959 by B. K. Basu in the eastern city of Kolkata, capital of West Bengal state, according to Mrigendranath Gantait, president of the Acupuncture Association of India. Over the past six decades, it has spread to rural, semi-urban and urban areas in India, particularly in the states of West Bengal, Maharashtra and Punjab.
Acupuncture therapy in India is related to the story of the Indian medical mission that was sent to China to provide medical assistance during the Chinese people’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945). Basu, as a colleague of Dwarkanath Kotnis (widely known as Ke Dihua in China) and a torchbearer of the Indian medical mission, stayed in China from 1938 to 1943, and later worked for 43 years in India until his death in 1986. From 1958 to 1959, Basu stayed in China to learn acupuncture before introducing the needle techniques in India. In 1973, Basu was invited to China to learn newly developed acupuncture anesthesia (麻醉).
From the very beginning, Basu tried to spread acupuncture to doctors by free teaching to broad masses of people. Basu, who established the Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis Memorial Committee and the Acupuncture Association of India, donated his house and savings to the government of West Bengal state for the purpose of acupuncture development.
Under the leadership of the committee, free health service clinics have been set up where acupuncture is taken as the main treatment modality(模式), because the cost of acupuncture treatment is low, and acupuncture is effective for many ailments (小病). The committee has also produced many acupuncturists who run these clinics without taking any remuneration (报酬), according to Gantait.
“Acupuncture has played a unique role to promote people’s friendship between India and China,” he says. “When Basu returned to India after learning acupuncture anesthesia, the Indian media described it as acupuncture diplomacy, and it was highly praised in the country.”
4. According to the passage, which of the following is true about acupuncture therapy in India
A. It was developed by B. K. Basu, a great doctor.
B. It is more popular in the capital than in the countryside.
C. It has played a unique role in producing acupuncturists.
D. It is effective for many ailments and it is free of charge.
5. The purpose of Paragraph 3 is to ________.
A. introduce Dr. Basu’s experience in China
B. explain why Dr. Basu learned acupuncture in China
C. give some background information about acupuncture therapy in India
D. show how India and China benefited each other in acupuncture therapy
6. The passage is most probably taken from ________.
A. a history textbook B. a news website
C. a medical report D. a travelling brochure
7. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage
A. Basu-An Acupuncture Expert B. Indian Acupuncture Working Well
C. Acupuncture Diplomacy in India D. Acupuncture—A Point of Friendship
C
With greater climate catastrophe (气候突变) on Earth, it is natural for us to make every effort to stop the potential floods, snowstorms, and alarming reports from scientists. For many of us (myself included), part of that means running out to buy reusable straws, organic cleaners, and packaging-free products.
However, before you are delighted at “green” purchases, take a second to consider the results of a new study from Arizona University. By comparing the shopping habits, mental health and environmental impact of young people, the researchers reconfirmed a principle: Buying less beats buying “green” stuff without effort. And that is true whether you are looking at the impact that your purchases have on the Earth or on your own happiness.
It should not come as a shock that simply consuming less is better for the planet. After all, every new item a factory yields requires some resources to produce. Take plastic bag bans for instance. If your city is getting rid of single-use shopping bags, it can be attractive to pay for a fashionable organic cotton bag hanging in the check-out line of your local supermarket. However, experts insist that growing cotton is actually no better for the Earth than producing the conventional plastic bags. Then what is your best bet for carrying your groceries if you care about sustainability Any bag you already own.
It is not just the Earth that will be happier if you buy less. You will feel more contented too, according to the new study. “People believe that they might well be self-satisfied about becoming environmentally conscious through ‘green’ buying patterns, but it doesn’t seem to be that way”, said the lead researcher Sabrina Helm. “Reduced consumption has effects on increased well-being, but we don’t see that with ‘green’ consumption.”
“Owning every new ‘green’ product on the market might make you feel contented, but if you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better,” said Helm.
8. Why does the writer mention “green” shopping habits
A. To call on a green lifestyle. B. To praise people’s green efforts.
C. To introduce a social trend. D. To present a half true “green” truth.
9. What’s the main idea of paragraph 3
A. The plastic bag bans are of no effect. B. Using any bag you have is the best bet.
C. Reduced consumption is better for the Earth. D. Growing cotton is far worse for the Earth.
10. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. The sense of achievement. B. The sense of happiness.
C. The sense of relief. D. The sense of security.
11. What might be the best title for the text
A. Less is More B. The Greener, The Happier
C. Happiness Guarantee D. What Are Green Products
D
Deep below the ground, radioactive elements break up water molecules（分子）, producing ingredients that can fuel subsurface life. This process, known as radio-lysis（辐射分解）, has sustained bacteria in isolated, water-filled cracks on Earth for millions to billions of years. Now a study published in Astro-biology shows that radiolysis may have supported life in the Martian subsurface.
Dust storms, rays in the universe and solar winds ruin the Red Planet's surface. But below-ground, some life might find refuge. "The environment with the best chance of habitability on Mars is the subsurface," says Jesse Tarnas, a planetary scientist at NASA. Examining the Martin underground could help scientists learn whether life could have survived there. And the best subsurface samples available today are Martin meteorites（陨石）that have crash-landed on Earth.
Tarnas and his colleague evaluated the mineral makeup and radio-active element abundance in the Martin surface using satellite and rover data. They input these data into a computer model that simulated（模拟）radiolysis to see how efficiently the process would have generated hydrogen gas and other chemical ingredients that can sustain the underground bacteria. The researchers report that if water was present, radiolysis in the Martin subsurface could have sustained life for billions of years and perhaps still could today.
Scientists previously studied Mars radiolysis, but this marks the first estimate using Martin rocks to quantify the planet's subsurface habitability. Tarnas and his colleagues also evaluated the potential richness of life in the Martin underground and found that as many as a million bacteria could exist in a kilogram of rock.
The most habitable meteorite samples analysed appeared to be made of a rock type called regolith breccia. "These are thought to come from the southern highlands of Mars, which is the most ancient area on Mars," Tarnas says.
Underground life, as described by this research, would require water and it remains unknown if groundwater exists on the planet, says Lujendra Ojha, a planetary scientist at Rutgers University. Determining whether the Martin subsurface contains water will be an important next step, but this investigation helps to motivate that search. Ojha says, "Where there is groundwater, there could be life."
12. Scientists believe the Martian subsurface might be habitable probably because _________.
A. the Martin surface absorbs rays in the universe
B. radio-lysis may exist in the Martian underground
C. radiation combines ingredients for subsurface life to survive
D cracks in Martian meteorites overflow with bacteria
13. What's the purpose of using Martian meteorites
A. To measure the Martian habitability below-ground
B. To simulate the process of producing hydrogen.
C. To help life find shelter from solar winds
D. To explore the source of hydrogen gas.
14. What can be inferred from the last 3 paragraphs
A. Tarnas was the first to study Mars radiolysis.
B. The Martian underground proved to be rich in bacteria.
C. The southern highlands of Mars are the most habitable.
D. The existence of groundwater is key to the investigation findings.
15. The passage is mainly concerned with _________.
A. the reason for no life on the Martian surface
B. the source of data for the study of Martian habitability
C. the possibility of Mars sustaining life through radiation
D. the richness of radioactive elements below the Martian surface
Keys:
A
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是ABC和Freeform的一些搞笑喜剧的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据ABC部分的“Or maybe you want some drama mixed in with your comedy, in which case be sure to check out the Golden Globe-winning Ugly Betty.(或者你想在你的喜剧中加入一些戏剧性的东西，在这种情况下，一定要看看金球奖获奖影片《丑女贝蒂》。)”可知，《丑女贝蒂》是一部获奖的电视剧。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Freeform部分的“If you want something with a little more excitement, then you can jump right into the cruel world of teen gymnasts with Make It or Break It, as Kaylie, Payson, Lauren, and Emily compete to win a place on the national team and attend the Olympics.(如果你想要一些更刺激的东西，那么你可以跟着Make It or Break It直接跳入青少年体操运动员的残酷世界，凯莉，佩森，劳伦和艾米丽竞争赢得一个国家队的席位，并参加奥运会。)”可知，如果你更喜欢关于竞争和努力的东西，你可以选择Make It or Break It，故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Best of all, it’s all free to watch.(最重要的是，这些都是免费观看的。)”可知，提到的电影和节目的共同点是它们都可以免费观看，故选A。
B
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了针灸在印度的发展以及Basu在印度推广针灸过程中所付出的努力，以及针灸在促进中印人民友谊方面发挥了独特的作用。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的“Under the leadership of the committee, free health service clinics have been set up where acupuncture is taken as the main treatment modality (模式), because the cost of acupuncture treatment is low, and acupuncture is effective for many ailments(小病). The committee has also produced many acupuncturists who run these clinics without taking any remuneration(报酬), according to Gantait. (委员会的领导下，建立了免费的保健服务诊所，以针灸为主要治疗模式，因为针灸治疗费用低，而且针灸对许多小毛病都有效。Gantait说，委员会还培养了许多针灸师，他们经营这些诊所，没有任何报酬。)”可知，在印度，有了很多免费的针灸诊所，且能治很多小毛病。故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Acupuncture therapy in India is related to the story of the Indian medical mission that was sent to China to provide medical assistance during the Chinese people’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945). (印度的针灸疗法与中国人民抗日战争（1931-1945年）期间，印度医疗队派往中国提供医疗援助的故事有关)”可知，第三段的写作目的是提供一些关于印度的针灸疗法的背景信息。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“NEW DELHI—Acupuncture(针灸)has become a bridge of friendship between India and China, with more Indians accepting the form of traditional Chinese medicine over the past few decades, experts say. (新德里——专家称，在过去的几十年里，越来越多的印度人接受传统中医，针灸已经成为印度和中国之间的一座友谊桥梁。)”可知，文章属于新闻类，出自新闻网站。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“NEW DELHI—Acupuncture(针灸)has become a bridge of friendship between India and China, with more Indians accepting the form of traditional Chinese medicine over the past few decades, experts say. (新德里——专家称，在过去的几十年里，越来越多的印度人接受传统中医，针灸已经成为印度和中国之间的一座友谊桥梁。)”，以及最后一段“‘Acupuncture has played a unique role to promote people’s friendship between India and China,’ he says. ‘When Basu returned to India after learning acupuncture anesthesia, the Indian media described it as acupuncture diplomacy, and it was highly praised in the country.’ (他说，‘针灸在促进印度和中国人民之间的友谊方面发挥了独特的作用。’当巴苏在学习了针灸麻醉后回到印度时，印度媒体将其描述为针灸外交，在印度受到了高度赞扬。)”可知，本文主要介绍针灸在印度的发展以及印度的针灸发展背后的故事，还有针灸在促进中印人民友谊方面发挥了独特的作用，因此最好的题目是D选项“Acupuncture——A Point of Friendship (针灸——友谊的象征)”，故选D项。
C
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了无论是对地球的影响还是对自己的幸福感而言，减少消费比绿色消费更好。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的“For many of us (myself included), part of that means running out to buy reusable straws, organic cleaners, and packaging-free products. (对我们许多人（包括我自己）来说，这部分意味着要去买可重复使用的吸管、有机清洁剂和无包装产品)”和第二段中的“By comparing the shopping habits, mental health and environmental impact of young people, the researchers reconfirmed a principle: Buying less beats buying “green” stuff without effort. (通过比较年轻人的购物习惯、心理健康和环境影响，研究人员再次确认了一个原则：少买比不费力地买“绿色”东西要好)”可知，研究人员认为“少买”比“不费力地买‘绿色’东西要好”（说明绿色购物并不好），可得出作者提到绿色购物习惯是为了呈现一种不太正确的绿色理念。故选D项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。由第三段主题句“It should not come as a shock that simply consuming less is better for the planet. (简单地减少消费对地球更好，这不应该让人感到震惊)”可知，第三段主要讲述了减少消费对地球更好。故选C项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。由第四段中的“Reduced consumption has effects on increased well-being, but we don’t see that with ‘green’ consumption. (减少消费会对提高幸福感产生影响，但我们在‘绿色’消费中看不到that)”可知，that指代上文，减少消费对于增加幸福感有影响，但是我们看不到绿色消费对幸福感的影响，that指代“The sense of happiness (幸福感)”。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段中的“By comparing the shopping habits, mental health and environmental impact of young people, the researchers reconfirmed a principle: Buying less beats buying “green” stuff without effort. And that is true whether you are looking at the impact that your purchases have on the Earth or on your own happiness. (通过比较年轻人的购物习惯、心理健康和环境影响，研究人员再次确认了一个原则：少买比不费力地买“绿色”东西要好。无论你是在看你的购买对地球的影响，还是对你自己的幸福感的影响，这都是事实)”，第三段主题句“It should not come as a shock that simply consuming less is better for the planet. (简单地减少消费对地球更好，这不应该让人感到震惊)”和第四段中的“It is not just the Earth that will be happier if you buy less. You will feel more contented too, according to the new study. (如果你减少购买，不仅地球会更幸福。根据这项新研究，你也会感到更满足)”可知，文章主要介绍了无论是对地球的影响还是对自己的幸福感而言，减少消费比绿色消费更好，所以“少即是多”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
D
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要是关于火星通过辐射维持生命的可能性。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Now a study published in Astro-biology shows that radiolysis may have supported life in the Martian subsurface.（现在发表在《天体生物学》杂志上的一项研究表明，辐射裂解可能有助于火星地下的生命存在）”，可知，科学家们认为火星地下可能适合居住，这可能是因为火星地下可能存在辐射分解现象。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“below-ground, some life might find refuge.（在地下，一些生命可能会找到避难所）”和“Examining the Martin underground could help scientists learn whether life could have survived there. And the best subsurface samples available today are Martin meteorites（陨石）that have crash-landed on Earth.（研究地下的马丁可以帮助科学家们了解那里是否有生命存在。 而目前可获得的最好的地表下样本是撞击地球的马丁陨石）”，可知，使用火星陨石的目的是为了测量火星地下的可居住性。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Underground life, as described by this research, would require water and it remains unknown if groundwater exists on the planet（正如这项研究所描述的那样，地下生命需要水，而目前还不清楚地球上是否存在地下水）”和“Determining whether the Martin subsurface contains water will be an important next step, but this investigation helps to motivate that search. Ojha says, ‘Where there is groundwater, there could be life.’（下一步重要的一步是确定马丁号的地下是否有水，但这次调查有助于推动搜索。 Ojha说:“哪里有地下水，哪里就可能有生命”）”，可知，从最后3段可以推断出“地下水的存在是调查结果的关键。”故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Deep below the ground, radioactive elements break up water molecules（分子）, producing ingredients that can fuel subsurface life. This process, known as radio-lysis（辐射分解）, has sustained bacteria in isolated, water-filled cracks on Earth for millions to billions of years. Now a study published in Astro-biology shows that radiolysis may have supported life in the Martian subsurface.（在地下深处，放射性元素分解水分子，产生能够为地下生命提供燃料的成分。 这个过程被称为辐射分解，使细菌在地球上孤立的、充满水的裂缝中存活了数百万到数十亿年。 现在发表在《天体生物学》杂志上的一项研究表明，放射性分解可能有助于火星地下的生命存在）”，可知，这篇文章主要是关于火星通过辐射维持生命的可能性。故选C。
（绵阳南山中学 2022 年秋绵阳一诊热身考试英语试题）
A
Competition Judges Needed
Anyone with relevant knowledge or skills is encouraged to sign up to judge Sigma Xi’s Student Research Showcase (SRS), an online science communication competition in which students compete for awards and recognition of outstanding virtual research presentations. The competition is open to high school, undergraduate, and graduate students and most worldwide
research disciplines (学科) are represented across the following categories.
agriculture, soil, and natural resources
cell biology and biochemistry
human behavioral and social sciences
math and computer science
physics and astronomy
Information for Judges
Professional researchers and science communicators from the above-listed disciplines are needed to evaluate and interact with contestants by posting comments and questions on presentation websites. Each judge assesses up to 10 websites where students submit their presentations containing mainly a research abstract and a slide presentation. Sigma Xi membership is preferred, but not required, to judge. Judging takes place from April 26 to May 10, 2022, allowing flexibility with each judge’s personal schedule as no travel is required.
Click here to download the SRS Judges Manual for more information and judging criteria.
Information for General visitors
General visitors to the presentation websites can also watch the personal videos of the presenters and vote for the People’s Choice Award winner, who will receive a prize money of up to $ 250. Visitors of general science background can also read the abstracts and comment in the discussion forums. Locate the link on the site that most likely appears as comments & reactions.
Visit http://sigmaxishowcase./ for a sample Student Showcase presentation site.
21.Who is the most likely candidate for the judge of the competition
A. A professor of western literature. B. An expert in psychology.
A.A specialist in human social sciences. D. An undergraduate of cell biology.
22.What is the judge expected to do
A.Assess science presentation websites.
B.Interview the contestants at a given time.
C.Vote for the People’s Choice Award winner.
D.Evaluate personal videos given by presenters.
23.Where is this text probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. A website.
A.An advertisement. D. An academic article.
B
The idea of climbing Everest disgusted me. The mountain came to represent the opposite of everything that I loved and respected about climbing. What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry. Over the years, the crowds at Base Camp grew, leaving behind tons of trash. Whenever I was asked whether I’d climb Everest, my answer was always the same: not interested.
That’s probably where my personal Everest story would have ended, were it not for an old
friend and his obsession (执念) with one of the greatest mysteries. In 1999, Thom Pollard began to explore and found the remains of George Mallory, the celebrated British climber who disappeared while attempting to be the first to climb Everest. But Mallory’s partner, Sandy Irvine, and the camera he had likely carried, were not found. The mountain climbing world has been wondering whether they might have reached the top in 1924.
Pollard’s story moved me. I began to pack for the climb and expected that our advanced
equipment would make it manageable, perhaps easy. I was wrong. On the highest point on the planet, I was more tired than I’d ever been in any climbing. Along the way, I continuously tipped my hat, not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route. My search was in vain, but I began to reconsider Everest.
I witnessed many climbers, who were much more than just self-centered tourists. We shared
route information, weather forecasts, and family photos — all united around common goals.
I went to Everest to seek Irvine. But in the end, I found something more difficult to get: the spirit that Irvine and Mallory shared. It was hiding in plain sight, right where it has always been: inside the brave souls who risk so much to follow in storied adventurers’ footsteps up Everest.
24.What is the main reason why the author hated climbing Everest
A.He changed his climbing goal.
B.Everest was seriously polluted by trash.
C.Everest became an industry to make money.
D.The mountain was too crowded with climbers.
25.Why did the author climb Everest later
A.Because he desired to challenge himself.
B.Because he got motivated by Thom Pollard.
C.Because his old friend persuaded him to climb again.
D.Because he wanted to follow the footsteps of Mallory and Irvine.
26.Why did the author continuously “tip his hat” along the way
A.To express his gratitude to the climbers.
B.To prove his determination to the top of the Everest.
C.To relieve his tiredness.
D.To show his respect for the climbers.
27.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.Admiration for the climbers.
B.Concern about the risk.
C.Confidence about the journey.
D.Hope for Everest’s future.
C
Companies like Google, Apple and Intel offer some of California’s most cutting-edge-and highest-paying-jobs. Last year, those three companies alone brought in more than 10,000 people from other countries to take those jobs.
Surely it’d be simpler for them to hire closer to home. Among the key reasons they don’t is
that too few Californians have the skills in particular, the deep understanding of mathematics to qualify. It’s something the state’s new proposed math framework seeks to change.
The current system of mathematics teaching in the U. S. invites few students into the
richness of thought and of learning. We blunt our children’s possibilities nearly from the start, telling far too many of them at a very early age that math isn’t for them. Sometimes those communications are clear and direct; they’re planted in decisions, by schools or districts, to put students on different tracks as early as third or fourth grade and teach them that math often limits how far they can go.
My first assignment as a mathematics teacher was to teach 13-year-olds who had been
assigned to the lower-level tracks. One girl understood the message of that ability grouping all too well. She caught me up short with the question, “Why should I bother ”
The question became our shared challenge. I gave her more difficult work so she could do
well on the national mathematics exam. She passed that exam, which allowed her to train to become a sound engineer.
She had been told she was not good enough for mathematics and it was not true. Too many
students in California are given the same message and it is one of the reasons the U. S. has relatively few students who are proficient in math. That’s why California’s new mathematics framework has been introduced.
28.What does the author intend to show by mentioning some companies
A.Their competing advantage.
B.Their hires in foreign countries.
C.Their benefits from high tech.
D.Their demand for staff qualification.
29.What does the underlined word “blunt” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Reduce. B. Explore.
C. Test. D. Accept.
30.What was the girl’s attitude towards the ability grouping
A. Tolerant. B. Neutral.
C. Disapproving. D. Unconcerned.
31.What will be talked about next
A.Need for framework change.
B.Contents of the new framework.
C.Comments on the existing framework.
D.Challenges from the framework making
D
Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona, in north-eastern Spain, for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. There are injuries and deaths every year, but the event is of interest to many people. A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds.
That is a useful topic to explore. Architects, civil engineers and urban planners must try to
work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire, a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions (碰撞). Unfortunately,
solid information is hard to come by. Daniel Parisi, the paper’s lead author, realized that the
Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment.
Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and filmed the runners as the animals were released. Later in the lab, they calculated the speed of the
runners, the density (密度) of the crowd, the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the
relationship between runner-group density and speed.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near. Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban- design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death.
Yet it seems that, in the heat of the moment, people pay little attention to the danger of
colliding with each other, and do not slow down. The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them broad enough.
32.What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona
A.They recorded a bull-run.
B.They proved their theory.
C.They watched a thrilling bull-fight.
D.They designed a psychological experiment.
33.What was the unexpected finding in the study
A.People slowed down in crowded areas.
B.Collisions posed a danger to bull-runners.
C.Bulls coming near made people running faster.
D.People tended to speed up in high-density crowds.
34.What is implied in the last paragraph
A.People lose their mind in disasters.
B.Future tunnels and bridges may be wider.
C.Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collision.
D.Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding each other.
35.Which is the best title for the text
A.How crowds react to panic
B.Bull-runs caught on in Spain
C.Dr Parisi’s finding shocks the world
D.What architects can learn from a bull-run
Keys:21-23 CAB 24-27 CBDA 28-31 DACB 32-35 ADBD
（成都石室中学高2022届半期考试）
A
If you are looking at travelling solo, here are 4 top destinations to add to your bucket list.
Austria
Nestling at the heart of Europe, Austria is a country of beautiful scenery, rich history and artistic treasures. Its patchwork of fairytale forests and snow-capped mountains make it the perfect place to let your mind wander into the romance of the past, while its vibrant and culturally rich cities offer plentiful opportunities to discover something new and inspiring. From the slopes of the Hochschneeberg mountain you can see as far as Hungary, while riding the Salamander train that winds along mountain passes is the best way of taking in the picture-book villages, gleaming lakes and stunning gothic castles that dot the landscape.
Corfu
The Greek Island of Corfu was described by the writer Lawrence Durrell as offering "the most beautiful view in Europe". And he wasn't exaggerating. Olive groves, medieval villages and pristine sandy beaches lie in wait for visitors to this fascinating isle, while the laid-back and hospitable nature of the locals will ensure a warm welcome around every twist and turn of the Roman trails that traverse the landscape. The traditional local cuisine is simple, healthy and delicious, and the perfect way to relax and unwind after a dip in the Mediterranean.
Morocco
Morocco has been attracting travellers for thousands of years. Europe's gateway to Africa, it combines a mix of architectural styles, culture and history that make it quite unlike anywhere else on earth. The Agadir beach resort is a stretch of golden sand with a backdrop of tree-lined boulevards and bars, as well as the vibrant and bustling bazaars（集市）where you can enjoy bargaining-an essential part of any visit. The desert sun gleams off whitewashed Portuguese-style buildings, while the unique Berber customs and hospitality make Morocco a must for the solo traveller in search of relaxation and adventure in equal measure.
Copenhagen
Denmark's capital manages to pack a lot into a little. That is to say, it's easy to explore on foot or by bike, as many of the locals prefer. At twilight or in cloudy weather, the copper-covered spires of old castles and churches lend the city a dream-like atmosphere. You'll think you've stepped into a watercolor painting. Even without money, you can still enjoy the proud old trees, the colored night lights and the beautiful gardens. You might fell as if you are in a fairy tale. From the Tivoli Gardens, a traditional theme park to the Nyhavn district with its multi-coloured housefronts facing onto a picturesque yacht-strewn harbour, Copenhagen is a great place to wander around alone or in a group.
21. Which of the following is not the reason for Morocco's fascination with travelers
A. Building styles. B. Unique customs.
C. Traditional cuisine. D. Hospitable locals.
22. In which place can you enjoy a very special harbour view
A. Austria. B. Corfu. C. Morocco. D. Copenhagen.
23. What do the four destinations have in common
A. They all boast world-class sandy beaches.
B. They are all places with beautiful landscape.
C. They all feature snow-capped mountains.
D. They are all only accessible to solo travelers.
B
What would you say to a younger, less world-weary version of you When the question was posed to 36-year-old refugee Kholoud, he answered without thinking.
In 2011, Kholoud started a Syrian newspaper, reporting news in her hometown. State-owned media meant citizens had little idea of what was happening, making her work valuable.
"I was a member of a peaceful activist group," she says. "But the soldiers responded with force. It only took two weeks for the real bullets to come."
Soon the arrests began, Kholoud's brother was taken at 12. 30 pm one evening when the family were all home. "The soldiers threatened to kill us all, threatened my mum they would chop her son into pieces." It wasn't until a year later that Kholoud would be forced to leave herself, "We were supposed to meet friends that evening, but two of them arrived early. We phoned to say we were coming, but they told us they had been arrested, because the meeting was a hook. We had to flee the country in less than two weeks."
First moving to Turkey, Kholoud gained a scholarship at a university in 2017. But when her Syrian passport expired while studying, she was forced to claim asylum（政治庇护）. "While I was waiting for my asylum proposal to be accepted, I could not work or even live, feeling deprived of my humanity, and at that moment realised there's no hope for going back to Syria. I became a refugee."
Despite the hardships, I have no regrets. I would tell my younger self to keep fighting. I keep a motto close to me, written in the Kite Runner, which says' For you, a thousand times over.' For this cause and the freedoms of millions of other Syrians Yeah, a thousand times over."
24. What do we know about situations in Syria
A. Soldiers protected the citizens. B. State-owned newspapers were valuable.
C. Only guilty people were arrested. D. Gunfire broke out in a short time.
25. Which is true about Kholoud
A. She fled willingly to get away from the bullets.
B. She washopeless as her brother was arrested.
C. She was lucky to avoid the trap that evening.
D. She fled right after the bullets came.
26. Kholoud lost that sense of being a full human being because ▲ .
A. She failed to continue her study B. she led a hard life without asylum
C. she couldn't return to Syria D. hardships deprived her of her hope
27. What attitude did she hold towards her fighting
A. Hesitant. B. Doubtful. C. Determined. D. Regretful.
C
The UK is already a world leader in developing the technology of connected and automated vehicles（also known as CAVs）. Aware of its potential benefits—from improving road safety and reducing traffic congestion, to enabling greater travel independence—the government has been playing an active role in encouraging the technology. One initiative that received government backing is FLOURISH, a research and development project looking at how CAVs can help people less able to travel.
"We're on the cusp of one of the most profound changes ever to happen to our transport system, enabled by new technologies such as self-driving vehicles," said lain Forbes, head of the Centre for CAVs. "These changes could transform the lives of some disabled or older people who currently find it tough to use the transport system.
"However, we won't get there unless those designing the technology engage properly with a wide range of transport users. That is why the government is investing in projects such as FLOURISH, which bring technology companies together with transport users to help ensure our future transport system works for everyone."
FLOURISH adopted a user-centred approach to design and development, with the needs of older adults being the focus of their work. Several trials with older adults have been held over the past three years using simulated environments and self-driving pods, similar to cars.
One of the participants in the trials, Robin, a 76-year-old former BBC journalist says: "It's going to be quite awful when I can't get in a car and go where I want to. It's all very well using the bus, but your friends don't necessarily live by a bus stop and, as you get older, you don't want to walk that far."
Mervyn Kohler, an Age UK spokesman, who has contributed to discussions about mobility and older people for the last 30 years, believes FLOURISH's approach will be key to the positive impact self-driving cars have on older adults. "There is obviously a connection between loneliness and mobility. If you are finding it difficult to get around or are experiencing poor health, either physical or mental, your quality of life is going to be lower." says Mervyn. "We've got to help people get out and about, and this points expressly to the idea of driverless cars."
"FLOURISH is important because it has particularly worked with older people to help develop the technology they would use to interact with a CAV," says Tracey Poole, FLOURISH's project manager. "They often find it difficult to programme the computer with their bad arthritis and poor eyesight. Thus, if we can provide them with a voice recognition way of controlling their journey, that is probably a good idea."
28. According to Iain, what is the purpose of investing in projects like FLOURISH
A. To call for greater concentration on the needs of older adults.
B. To promote technology companies' engagement with transport users.
C. To encourage the most profound changes brought by self-driving vehicle.
D. To transform the lives of some disabled or older people unable to travel.
29. Which of the following attitudes is Robin likely to hold towards self-driving cars
A. Unconcerned. B. Critical. C. Favorable. D. Opposed.
30. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true
A. The UK government attaches greater importance to improving road safety.
B. Driverless cars have been widely accessible to older adults.
C. Mervyn believes people's loneliness is caused by difficulty in getting around.
D. FLOURISH is likely to apply voice recognition to self-driving cars.
31. What's the main idea of this passage
A. Self-driving cars have a positive effect on older adults.
B. How can CAVs help people less able to travel in the future
C. FLOURISH makes self-driving cars beneficial to older people.
D. Whether or not could self-driving cars soon be a reality
D
Weird. That's what Kelvin felt when he signed a prenuptial agreement years ago with his then girlfriend. According to the agreement, the ownership of the house would go to the wife if the couple divorced, because the wife's parents had paid the down payment for the house.
"My friends think it's unfair to me, but I think it's okay," Kelvin said. "I feel more comfortable now looking at a what-if scenario to save future troubles."
In China, most people are unwilling to sign a prenuptial agreement. But overseas Chinese are showing a different attitude. According to a recent survey, 70 percent of overseas Chinese participants, mainly living in the US, said it is necessary to sign prenuptial agreements, commonly known as "prenups", before tying the knot. The survey covering 1,084 people was conducted by a Los Angeles-based dating company "2RedBeans" through the company's mobile app. The company said it has more than 1 million registered users, half of them based in the US, and the rest in Canada. Australia and other countries.
"It shows that the attitude of overseas Chinese toward marriage has been influenced by Western values over the past decade," said a co-founder of 2RedBeans. In China, more often than not, a prenup is considered to indicate distrust between a couple and the lack of faith in marriage.
US family law attorneys, however, have been promoting the concept of prenups, saying they have many advantages, from protecting the assets（资产）brought into the marriage by one party to saving the other party from debt. For instance, an outspoken advocate of prenups, also a divorce lawyer, Kelly Rickert has gained popularity for sharing family court stories on TikTok. The rights and obligations related to marriage vary from state to state in the US. "So if you get married without drawing up your own terms and conditions, you are by default（默认）submitting to your state's law," Rickert said in a TikTok video, "Prenups are especially important in a community property state such as California, where all assets and debts acquired after marriage shall be shared by both parties," she said.
One of her recent clients（客户）was lucky to have a prenup which allowed her to keep her property separate from the debt of her late husband, who had ran up "astronomical" amounts of medical bills before he died of COVID-19. "Had they not had a prenup stating that the debt be attributed to the party who acquired it, the medical debt would have been shared and she would have had to pay it." Rickert said. By contrast, she showed pity in a video for another female client who didn't want a prenup so she could get half of her husband's successful business in the case of divorce. But by the time they separated, the business had almost reached bankruptcy point, making her obliged to pay half of the debt.
This might be one of the reasons why many overseas Chinese are attaching importance to prenups. Overseas Chinese living in North America are generally high-income earners and come from middle-class families, so they more easily accept prenups, especially those under 30 years old, who are more likely to value financial independence and consider prenups necessary.
32. Which of the following statements is true about the survey
A. The survey was lately conducted among Chinese people living in the US,
B. A majority of people surveyed hold a favorable attitude towards prenups.
C. A company with branch offices all over the world carried out the survey,
D. Over 1 million people were surveyed through the company's mobile app.
33. The underlined word "scenario in the second paragraph probably refers to ▲ .
A. an account of how things may happen B. a situation where people are in conflict
C. an accident causing a lot of damage D. an outline of what will happen in a film
34. What can be inferred according to the passage
A. Young overseas Chinese with high incomes won't attach importance to signing a prenup.
B. The rights and obligations related to marriage vary among states in the United States.
C. Kelly Rickert would like to recommend her TikTok followers to draw up prenups.
D. In California, debts acquired after marriage won't be shared by a couple with a prenup.
35. What is the main purpose of this article
A. To compare different attitudes toward marriage.
B. To appeal to overseas Chinese to value prenups.
C. To inform people of a trend among overseas Chinese.
D. To explain the pros and cons of a trendy lifestyle abroad.
Keys: 21~ 25 CDBDC 26~30 BCBCD 31~35 CBACC
A篇：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个适合独自旅游的目的地。
21.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据Morocco部分最后一句"The desert sun gleams off whitewashed Portuguese-style buildings, while the unique Berber customs and hospitality make Morocco a must for the solo traveler in search of..."可知，C项不是该地方吸引游客的原因。
22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Copenhagen部分最后一句"...with its multi-coloured housefronts facing onto a picturesque yacht-strewn harbor..."可知D项正确。
23.B【解析】细节理解题。每一个目的地都有美景的描写，所以B项正确。
B篇：本文是一篇记叙文，描述了一位叙利亚报社老板离开了动荡的叙利亚前往其他国家。因为暂时没有申请到政治庇护，她感觉自己是一位没有人权的难民，可是她依然为祖国为了自由正义的抗争饱含热情和信心。
24.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"It only took two weeks for the real bullets to come."可知D项正确。
25.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段"...because the meeting was a hook. We had to flee the country in less than two weeks."可知，她的朋友掉进了这个陷阱而被抓走，她幸运逃脱了这个陷阱离开了，可知C项正确。
26.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段"While I was waiting for my asylum proposal to be accepted, I could not work or even live, feeling deprived of my humanity."可知B项正确。
27.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段"keep fighting... For this cause and the freedoms of millions of other Syrians Yeah, a thousand times over."可以看出，主人公是为祖国为了自由正义的抗争饱含热情和信心。
C篇：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国政府发起了名为Flourish的项目，希望能够让年老不方便出行的用户作为被试者参与到自动驾驶技术方面的研究，从而使该技术能够扩大受益人群。
28.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"We won't get there unless those designing the technology engage properly with a wide range of transport users. That is why the government..."可知B项正确。
29.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段Robin所说的话推断可知，他非常期待自动驾驶汽车的推广。
30.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句话"Thus, if we can provide them with a voice recognition way of controlling their journey, that is probably a good idea."推断可知D项正确。
31.C 【解析】主旨大意题。作者在首段引出由政府发起的FLOURISH项目，该项目让致力于研究自动驾驶技术的公司更好地关注年老不方便出行的用户，并将他们作为被试者参与到研究中，从而使自动驾驶汽车在不久的将来也能造福不方便出行的老年人。
D篇：本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了海外华人这个群体对婚前协议的接受度逐渐提高并愈发重视。
32.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句和第三句“But overseas Chinese are showing a different attitude. According to a recent survey, 70 percent of overseas Chinese participants, mainly living in the US, said it is necessary to sign prenuptial agreements...”可知，大多数受访者对于签婚前协议都是持赞成态度的，所以B项正确。
33.A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段"...looking at a what-if... "可以推断出这里的scenario一词应该是指未来可能会出现的情况，即婚前协议里双方对未来可能会出现的一些涉及财产和债务范围及权利归属等具体问题提前做出的约定，所以A项正确。
34.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句"US family law attorneys, however, have been promoting the concept of prenups..."和第二句"For instance, an outspoken advocate of prenups, also a divorce lawyer, Kelly Rickert..."以及第六段第三句"By contrast, she showed pity in a video for another female client..."可以推断出Kelly Rickert作为婚前协议的拥护者，她是愿意推荐她的抖音粉丝签署婚前协议的，所以C项正确。
35.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要就是向使者介绍海外华人对签署婚前协议的接受度在逐渐提高并有日益重视的趋势，所以C项正确。
（成都八中2022—2023高三第二次模拟考试）
A
A special place to stay can make a holiday — but also break the bank. We have picked new affordable places across Europe for ?150 a room a night or less.
Scourie Hotel
Doubles from ?129
Opened October 2015
This hotel has been adored by fishing fans for generations. When the Campbell family bought it six years ago, they updated it with gentle, stylish furnishings. There’s a string of spectacular beaches to discover, including the Scourie Bay with golden sand.
Ho36 Hotel
Doubles from ?109
Opened December 2017
This hotel offers the rarest of things — ski accommodation that is both affordable and stylish. Guests can ski or snowboard from the front door. There are two lively bars with live music and regular DJ nights, a restaurant serving hearty Alpine meals and film nights.
Conscious Hotel
Doubles from ?120
Opened April 2016
This fourth hotel by Dutch sustainable brand Conscious is the first powered entirely by wind. The restaurant is fully organic and the bedrooms simple with contemporary elements. The hotel overlooks the Westerpark, one of Amsterdam’s biggest green spaces.
Dock Hotel
Doubles from ?150
Opened May 2014
This large hotel on the Baltic coast is made from shipping containers. The industrial theme continues inside,with concrete walls, exposed pipes, and more containers. The hotel is 12 minutes’ walk from the beach.
1. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Scourie Hotel.
B. Ho36 Hotel.
C. Conscious Hotel.
D. Dock Hotel.
2. What is special about Conscious Hotel
A. It is old-fashioned.
B. It has the longest history.
C. It is environment-friendly.
D. It offers the biggest green space.
3. What can the guests of Scourie Hotel and Dock Hotel do
A. Update the furniture.
B. Walk on the beach.
C. Appreciate architecture.
D. Visit industrial fairs.
B
Mandy and Joe have been married for five years and they both love travelling to new countries. But while this shared hobby brings them together, it is also a source of contention. “I do all the planning and book,” says Mandy. “Don’t get me wrong. I enjoy it, but if Joe paid a bit more attention, he wouldn’t have turned up for a flight to Grenada packed for a winter city break. ‘Jumpers and boots !’ I cried. ‘You’re supposed to have packed shorts and T-shirts—it’s 30℃ in the Caribbean!’ Then I realized he thought we were going to Granada, in Spain.”
How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different Furthermore, are we born that way
On this issue, scientists are divided. The majority of scientists believed that patterns of behaviour thought to be more male or female are learnt firstly from our parents, then from our peers(同龄人)and, ultimately, from the societies in which we live. As Simone de Beauvoir famously said, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.”
On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired differently. In one study in which 34 monkeys were required to interact with different types of toys, the males showed a strong preference for toys with wheels rather than soft toys, whereas the females were noticeably drawn to soft toys. These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence.
Whatever the truth behind the differences between men and women, we can safely conclude that although the social impact on how we think and behave is undeniable, there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what extent biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us.
4. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Disagreement. B. Satisfaction. C. Inspiration. D. Information.
5. What topic does the text focus on
A. Whether men and women are different. B. Why minds and bodies are so different.
C. What causes the sex difference. D. How different males and females are.
6. What does the study about monkeys prove
A. Monkeys have their own preferences. B. Parents indeed have strong impacts.
C. Men and women are born different. D. Females and males behave differently.
7. Which statement about sex differences docs the author probably agree with
A. Biology contributes to the difference. B. Biology mostly affects our choices.
C. Social influence can be ignored. D. Peers have more impact than parents.
C
More than half a trillion dollars. That's the estimated value of all the stuff that U. S. shoppers bought last year only to return it—more than the economy of Israel or Austria. We tried new brands with unfamiliar sizes after seeing them on TikTok. We overbought for the holidays, and we shopped overly online, where returns are between two and five times more likely than that from stores.
Where does it all go Take the blanket I bought on holiday sale for example. I opened the package, only to discover it was just too small for my new sofa. So I returned it. Sorry, blanket! What will happen to it
“Your blanket is very likely to be in a landfill,” says Hitendra Chaturvedi, a supply chain management professor at Arizona State University. “That is what consumers don't realize—the life of a return is a very, very sad path.” Value is the big threshold (门槛): Is the product worth the cost of shipping back and paying someone to inspect, clean, repair or test Experts estimate that retailers (零售商) throw away about 25％ of their returns. Every year, U. S. returns create almost 6 billion pounds of landfill waste.
Many others get resold in discount and outlet stores. Some go to sellers on websites. Some get donated to charity or recycled. “These options have increased over the past decade, allowing more and more returns to find a new home”, says Marcus Shen, chief operating officer of B-Stock, a platform where retailers can resell their returns, often to smaller stores.
As companies compete on flexible return policies, technology is also slowly playing a part: helping shoppers buy the right-size sweater or picture a new blanket inside their room. Most importantly, She says, shoppers themselves are getting more and more comfortable with buying stuff that's not exactly brand-new.
“The idea of that is no longer scary for us, right ” he says. On his holiday-returns agenda is an electric, self-heating coffee mug that he has never opened, and he feels confident it will find a happy new buyer.
8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The challenge facing the American economy. B. The urgency to cut down on online shopping.
C. The returning problem caused by overbuying online. D. The cost of finding new homes for returned goods.
9. Why do some returns end up in landfills
A. It's required by the return policies. B. It saves retailers 6 billion pounds a year.
C. It's impossible to put returns to other uses. D. It's more economically efficient for retailers.
10. How does technology contribute to less returning
A. By helping shoppers make better decisions. B. By restoring the newness in returned goods.
C. By improving the return policy-making process. D. By drawing pictures of the goods for the shoppers.
11. Which of the following examples indicates a desirable end-result for returns
A. TikTok items. B. The coffee mug. C. The blanket. D. A right-size sweater.
D
Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time, especially in the heat.
12. What do the researchers say about cigarette ends
A. They contain little nicotine.
B. They produce no nicotine five days later.
C. They give off nicotine for days.
D. They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.
13. What do Poppendieck’s words suggest
A. First-hand smoking does most harm.
B. The findings are within his expectation.
C. Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.
D. Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.
14. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days
A. Unclear. B. Disapproving. C. Unconcerned. D. Puzzled.
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals
B. Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being Smoked
C. Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ Harm
D. Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat
Keys:
A
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇广告，介绍了欧洲四个廉价旅馆。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ho36 Hotel部分的“There are two lively bars with live music and regular DJ nights, a restaurant serving hearty Alpine meals and film nights.(这里有两个热闹的酒吧，有现场音乐和定期的DJ之夜，还有一家餐厅提供丰盛的阿尔卑斯美食和电影之夜)”可知，Ho36 Hotel有两间热闹的酒吧，还有供应美食和电影的餐厅，所以它适合那些喜欢活跃社交生活的人，故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Conscious Hotel部分的“This fourth hotel by Dutch sustainable brand Conscious is the first powered entirely by wind.(这家由荷兰可持续品牌意识设计的第四家酒店是第一家完全由风力驱动的酒店)”可知，Conscious Hotel的特殊之处是，它第一个完全由风力驱动的酒店，即环境友好型的酒店，故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Scourie Hotel部分的“There’s a string of spectacular beaches to discover, including the Scourie Bay with golden sand.(这里有一系列壮观的海滩等着你去发现，包括有金色沙滩的斯科瑞湾)”以及Dock Hotel部分的“The hotel is 12 minutes’ walk from the beach.(酒店距离海滩步行12分钟)”可知，这两个酒店的游客都可去沙滩上走走。故选B。
B
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章以Mandy和Joe的故事为切入点，主要介绍男人和女人在行为模式上不同的原因。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。while意为“尽管”，由“this shared hobby brings them together（共同的爱好让他们走到一起）”可知，句子表示“虽然共同的爱好让他们走到一起，但这也是争论的来源”，因此划线词“contention”的意思是“争论”，即Disagreement，故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different Furthermore, are we born that way （乔和曼迪如何处理他们的旅行计划只是男人和女人在许多方面不同的一个例子。然而，我们的大脑和身体内部发生的事情真的如此不同吗？此外，我们是天生如此吗？）”可知，本文主要论述的是男人和女人在行为模式上不同的原因，即What causes the sex difference，故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired differently.（另一方面，那些反对此观点的人认为男性和女性的大脑实际上是不同的。）”和“These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence.（这些偏好显然不是父母影响的结果。）”可知，关于猴子的研究证明了男人和女人是天生不同的。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what extent biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us.（它也有生物学方面的影响。现在需要回答的问题是，生物学在多大程度上影响了我们的选择以及别人对待我们的方式。）”可知，作者可能同意的关于性别差异的观点是生物学造成了这种差异。故选A。
C
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国购物者去年购买的所有商品的价值很高，但随之而来的是过度购买带来的高退货率，文章说明了高退货率的原因以及带来的结果。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“More than half a trillion dollars. That's the estimated value of all the stuff that U. S. shoppers bought last year only to return it—more than the economy of Israel or Austria. We tried new brands with unfamiliar sizes after seeing them on TikTok. We overbought for the holidays, and we shopped overly online, where returns are between two and five times more likely than that from stores.(超过5万亿美元。这是美国购物者去年购买的所有商品的估计价值，而这些商品的退货量却超过了以色列或奥地利的经济总值。在TikTok上看到新品牌后，我们尝试尺寸不熟悉的品牌。我们在假期过度买，过度网购，在网上退货的可能性是实体商店的两到五倍。)”可知，第一段内容主要是关于美国购物者网上过度购买导致的退货问题。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“'Your blanket is very likely to be in a landfill,' says Hitendra Chaturvedi, a supply chain management professor at Arizona State University. 'That is what consumers don't realize—the life of a return is a very, very sad path.' Value is the big threshold (门槛): Is the product worth the cost of shipping back and paying someone to inspect, clean, repair or test Experts estimate that retailers (零售商) throw away about 25％ of their returns. Every year, U. S. returns create almost 6 billion pounds of landfill waste.(亚利桑那州立大学供应链管理教授Hitendra Chaturvedi说：“你的毯子很可能在垃圾填埋场。”。“就是消费者没有意识到的，一件退货的生命是一条非常非常悲伤的道路。”价值是一个很大的门槛：产品是否值得付运费，和花钱请人进行检查、清洁、维修或测试？专家估计，零售商丢弃了大约25%的退货。每年，美国都会产生将近60亿磅的垃圾填埋场垃圾。)”可知，大多数退货所产生的运费和其他附加费用高过商品价值本身，商家因此选择直接扔掉退货，由此可知，扔掉退货对零售商来说更具经济效益，因此许多退货最终会被丢进垃圾填埋场。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As companies compete on flexible return policies, technology is also slowly playing a part: helping shoppers buy the right-size sweater or picture a new blanket inside their room. (随着公司在灵活的退货政策上展开竞争，技术也在慢慢发挥作用：帮助购物者购买合适尺寸的毛衣或帮助他们想象他们房间里的一张新毯子。)”可知，技术可以帮助消费者抉择商品是否适合自己的需求，从而帮助购物者做出更好的购买决定，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“'The idea of that is no longer scary for us, right 'he says. On his holiday-returns agenda is an electric, self-heating coffee mug that he has never opened, and he feels confident it will find a happy new buyer.(“这种想法对我们来说不再可怕了，对吧？”他说。在他的假日退货议程上，有一个他从未打开过的电热咖啡杯，他相信它会找到一个快乐的新买家。)”可知，这个电热咖啡杯的退货会带来一个理想的结局，故选B。
D
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，香烟不仅在燃烧时有害，甚至在彻底熄灭后烟蒂依然会释放有害化学物质。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.( 美国食品和药物管理局的一项分析发现，虽然这些化学物质大部分在排放后的一天内被释放出来，但五天后尼古丁的含量只下降了50%。)”可知，烟熄灭后，尼古丁的浓度在五天以后仅下降一半，也就是说熄灭的烟蒂好几天内都会释放尼古丁。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Poppendieck所说的“While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter. (虽然人们已经很关注吸一手烟、二手烟以及现在的三手烟对健康的影响，但当涉及到真正的香烟时，情况却并非如此。)”可推断，人们不像关注一手烟、二手烟和三手烟对健康的影响那样