1. devote vt. 专心于…/奉献、投入（时间、精力等）；专用于
devoted adj. 忠诚的；全心全意的
devotion n. 专心；忠诚；奉献
devote one’s time/energy /whole life/oneself to (do) sth.致力于/专心于做某事
=be devoted to (do) sth
be devoted/loyal sb.对某人忠诚/全心全意
例句：
v.
He devotes his time to study.
他专心学习/研究
我们上周专心于完成这个思维导图。
We devoted our time/energy/ourselves (finish) the mind map last week.
We were devoted (finish) the mind map last week.
adj.
我有一个忠诚的朋友
I have a friend.
n.
他对家人的关爱感人至深
His his family is touching/moving.
2. tackle vt.解决（难题）；处理
近义词：
解决：fix; solve; settle
处理：deal with; do with; cope with; handle
deal with：强调处理的方式、方法，常与疑问词 连用。
do with：强调处理的对象，常与疑问词 连用。
to do with= to deal with/cope with/tackle/handle
例句
我不知道他们会怎么处理这个问题。
I don't know they will deal with the problem.
I don't know they will do with the problem.
3. yield
n.产量 =output
vt. 产生（收益，效益等）；出产（作物）
vi. 屈服，让步
农作物的产量 the crop yield/ the yield of the crop
屈服于某人 yield to sb
产生丰厚的收益 yield good returns
例句
n.产量
①科学家们致力于提高农作物的产量。
Scientists are devoted to .
vt.产生；出产
这些棵树不再长水果了。
These trees no longer .
vi.屈服
刘胡兰宁死不屈。
Liu Hulan would rather die than .
4. convince vt.使信服.
convinced adj.
convincing adj.
convince sb sth说服某人做某事
convince sb. that 使某人确信……
=sb. be convinced that
convince sb. sth. 使某人确信……
=sb. be convinced sth
例句
我说服了她跟我一起去。
I convinced her (come) with me.
我们使他相信汤姆是无辜的(innocent-innocence)。
We convinced him that Tom was innocent.
We convinced him of Tom’s innocence.
③我恐怕不能接受你的论点，因为你无法提供有说服力的证据。
I am afraid I can’t accept your arguments, for you haven’t offered enough evidence.
5. output n.输出; 产量
input n.
6. estimate v.估计
estimation n.估计
estimate（v.)- estimated (adj.) 高估
estimate (v.)- estimated (adj.)低估
例句
我认为你低估了我
I think you underestimate me.
7. comprise v.包含，由…组成
be comprised/composed/made up of
consist of
例句
据说，那个小组由3个擅长画画的学生组成
It is said that who are good at painting.
It is said that the team five students who are good at painting.
8. real (adj.) –reality (n.) n.现实
realize (v.)- realization (n.)
意识到;实现=turn sth into a reality
modernize-modernization
realize the four modernization 实现四个现代化
reality=in fact 实际上
例句
时光旅行真的会变成现实吗
Will the time travel become a .(real)
他的梦想成真
the （real） of his dream
我意识到自己干了什么后大为震惊
I was shocked by the （real） of what I had done.
9. in turn 相应地：依次地；转而
by turns 交替地
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
例句
我们学生轮流打扫教室
今天轮到我打扫教室
10. essential adj.及其重要的
be essential sth对…极其重要
It is essential for sb to do sth
对某人来说做某事是重要的
It is essential that sb. (should) do sth.
做某事是极其重要的
例句
水对人类非常重要。
Water human beings.
你们带上所有食物和用品是非常重要的
carry all of your food and supplies.
that you all of your food and supplies.
他提倡家长们给小孩留足够的空间。
He advocated that parents (should) leave enough space for children.
11. generate vt.产生，引起
generation n.一代人
generator n.发电机
future generation 后代
the younger/older generation 年轻一代；老一辈
from generation to generation 一代又一代
generation gap
generate power
例句
这个故事世代相传
The story has been passed down .
12. fertilizer/fertilizer n.肥料
fertile – fertilize – fertilization - fertilizer
13. alter v. 改变
alteration n.改变，变化
alternate v.使交替；adj.交替的
alternative n.可供选择的事物；adj.可供替代的
alternation n.交替；轮流
have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to …的替代品
例句
我别无选择只好叫警察。
14. crisis n.危机
financial/political crisis 金融、政治危机
crisis- （pl.）
例句
他正在经历婚姻危机
15. assume-assumption 假定；获得
16. consume-consumption 消耗；消费
17. intense adj.强烈的，热切的（压力，感情）
intensive adj.加强的；细致的（专注于做的事情或一个领域）
intensity n.强度
intensive reading 精读
reading泛读
18. expand-expansive-expansion （朝多个方向扩大，范围、时间、距离）
extend-extensive-extension （单向线性扩大，尺码、数量、重要性）1. devote vt. 专心于…/奉献、投入（时间、精力等）；专用于
devoted adj. 忠诚的；全心全意的
devotion n. 专心；忠诚；奉献
devote one’s time/energy /whole life/oneself to (doing) sth.致力于/专心于做某事
=be devoted to (doing) sth
be devoted/loyal to sb.对某人忠诚/全心全意
例句：
devote（v.）
He devotes his time to study.
他专心学习/研究
我们上周专心于完成这个思维导图。
We devoted our time/energy/ourselves to finishing the mind map last week.
We were devoted to finishing the mind map last week.
devoted (adj.)
我有一个忠诚的朋友
I have a devoted friend.
devotion (n.)
他对家人的关爱感人至深
His devotion to his family is touching/moving.
2. tackle vt.解决（难题）；处理
近义词：
解决：fix; solve; settle
处理：deal with; do with; cope with; handle
deal with：强调处理的方式、方法，常与疑问词how连用。
do with：强调处理的对象，常与疑问词what连用。
What to do with=How to deal with/cope with/tackle/handle
例句
我不知道他们会怎么处理这个问题。
I don't know how they will deal with the problem.
I don't know what they will do with the problem.
3. crisis n.危机
financial/political crisis 金融、政治危机
crisis-crises （pl.）
例句
他正在经历婚姻危机
He is having a marriage crisis.
4. yield
n.产量 =output
vt. 产生（收益，效益等）；出产（作物）
vi. 屈服，让步
农作物的产量 the crop yield/ the yield of the crop
屈服于某人 yield to sb
产生丰厚的收益 yield good returns
例句
n.产量
①科学家们致力于提高农作物的产量。
Scientists are devoted to improving the yield of crop.
vt.产生；出产
①这些棵树不再长水果了。
These trees no longer yield fruit.
vi.屈服
①刘胡兰宁死不屈。
Liu Hulan would rather die than yield.
5. convince vt.使信服.
convinced adj.确信的
convincing adj.令人信服的
convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事
convince sb. that 使某人确信……
=sb. be convinced that
convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信……
=sb. be convinced of sth
例句
我说服了她跟我一起去。
I convinced her to come with me.
我们使他相信汤姆是无辜的。
We convinced him that Tom was innocent.
He was convinced that Tom was innocent.
We convinced him of Tom’s innocence.
He was convinced of Tom’s innocence.
③I am afraid I can’t accept your arguments, for you haven’t offered enough convincing evidence.
6. assume-assumption 假定；获得
7. consume-consumption 消耗；消费
8. intense adj.强烈的，热切的（压力，感情）
intensive adj.加强的；细致的（专注于做的事情或一个领域）
intensity n.强度
intensive reading 精读
extensive reading泛读
9. expand-expansive-expansion （朝多个方向扩大，范围、时间、距离）
extend-extensive-extension （单向线性扩大，尺码、数量、重要性）
10. output n.输出
input n.输入
11. estimate v.估计
estimation n.估计
overestimate（v.)-overestimated (adj.) 高估
underestimate (v.)-underestimated (adj.)低估
例句
我认为你低估了我
I think you underestimate me.
12. comprise v.包含，由…组成
be comprised/composed/made up of
consist of
例句
据说，那个小组由五个擅长画画的学生组成
It is said that the team is comprised/composed/made up of five students who are good at painting.
It is said that the team consists of five students who are good at painting.
13. generate vt.产生，引起
generation n.一代人
generator n.发电机
future generation 后代
the younger/older generation 年轻一代；老一辈
from generation to generation 一代又一代
generation gap 代沟
generate power 发电
例句
这个故事世代相传
The story has been passed down from generation to generation.
14. real (adj.) –reality (n.) n.现实
realize (v.)- realization (n.)
意识到;实现=turn sth into a reality
modernize-modernization
realize the four modernization 实现四个现代化
in reality=in fact 实际上
例句
①时光旅行真的会变成现实吗
Will time travel become a reality
②他的梦想成真
the realization of his dream
③我意识到自己干了什么后大为震惊
I was shocked by the realization of what I had done.
15. fertilizer/fertilizer n.肥料
fertile – fertilize – fertilization - fertilizer
16. in turn 相应地：依次地
by turns 交替地
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
例句
①我们学生轮流打扫教室
We students take turns to clean our classroom.
We students clean our classroom by turns.
今天轮到我打扫教室
it is my turn to clean the classroom today.
17. essential adj.及其重要的
be essential to 对…极其重要
It is essential for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是重要的
It is essential that sb. (should) do sth. 做某事是极其重要的
例句
①水对人类非常重要。
Water is essential to human beings.
②你们出发时时带上所有食物和用品非常重要
It is essential for you to carry all of your food and supplies.
It is essential that you should carry all of your food and supplies.
③他提倡家长们给小孩留足够的空间。
He advocated that parents should leave enough space for children.
18. alter v. 改变
alteration n.改变，变化
alternate v.使交替；adj.交替的
alternative n.可供选择的事物；adj.可供替代的
alternation n.交替；轮流
have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to …的替代品
例句
我别无选择只好叫警察。
I have no alternative but to call the police.
