牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 词组归纳课件（34张PPT）

(共34张PPT)
译林牛津英语词组归纳
必修三
Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
1 change one’s life(lives) 改变某人的生活（P43）
2 make a difference to…对……产生影响（P43）
【语境助记】
Many scientists have changed our lives and made a difference to the world.
A false step will make a great difference to my future。
The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference.
Regardless of your circumstances, you can make a difference. This is true at your current workplace.
3 the first…to do sthg 第一……做某事（P44）
4 award…for…/be awarded for…给……颁奖（P44）
【语境助记】
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.（P45）
The actor was awarded the prize for both films.
Tim has been awarded for his outstanding performances in the past few years.
The scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology（生理学）.
5 thanks to 由于，幸亏（P44）
6 all over the world 全世界（P44）
7 a chance of survival 生存的机会（P44）
【语境助记】
Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
Thanks to technology, working is easier than it was a decade ago, in many respects.
There has been some clarification in recent years, however, thanks to advances in DNA testing.
If the animals are to have even a chance of survival, they must adapt to new environments.
8 die of 死于；因……而死（P44）
9 intend to do sthg 想要做某事（P44）
10 find a cure for the disease 寻找治愈疾病的方法（P44）
【语境助记】
Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman.
Some older patients who have slowly progressing cancers are likely to die of other causes.
What do you intend to do with the child
That is exactly what they say they intend to do, and they are backing it up with action.
11 fail to do sthg 未能做某事；未做成某事（P45）
12 refer /r f (r)/ to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 (P45)
【语境助记】
When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
Many people fail to do this and wonder why they cannot concentrate.
In fact, so-called gifted students may fail to do well because they are unusually smart.
Study this example and refer to the explanation below.
Topics which essentially refer to the three previously mentioned problems are discussed below.
They would be much less likely to refer to a woman as a genius.
13 succeed in (doing) sthg 成功做成某事（P45）
【语境助记】
On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your scientific research.
Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.
I had always impressed upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.
14 speed up (使)加速 (P45)
15 volunteer to do sthg 自愿做某事（P45）
【语境助记】
To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
The school should take steps to speed up solving the problem.
The technology may also be able to speed up charging of automobile batteries.
Aunt Mary volunteered to clean up the kitchen.
But if you volunteer to do something, you should also be prepared to do more work than you expected!
16 pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 (P45)
17 through trial and error 反复试验 (P45)
【语境助记】
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.
Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally (2) pay off（P47）.
Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.
We thought that even if we started educating girls today, we'd have to wait a generation for the pay off.
Recent studies tell us that learning is enhanced through trial and error.
While experimenting with shapes, I quickly realized the best designs were created through trial and error.
18 encourage sb to do sthg 鼓励某人做某事（P45）
19 explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine 探索
传统中医药宝库（P45）
20 raise…to a higher level 提升到更高的水平（P45）
【语境助记】
In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.
Banks actively encourage people to borrow money.
Music and lighting are used to encourage shoppers to buy more.
Herbie Hancock was encouraged by his family to learn music at a young age.
21 draw on 利用；吸收；临近（P45）
22 be beneficial to 对……有益（P45）
【语境助记】
Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
It is important that scientists draw on the (7) wisdom of both fields.（P47）
He drew on his experience as a pilot（飞行员）to make a documentary programme.
To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to draw on our experience from the past.
In today’s world, people can draw on a vast range of information sources.
A good diet is beneficial to health.
A balanced diet will provide enough vitamins that are beneficial to people’s
health.
Being exposed to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local language.
23 refer to【参考词条12】
24 point out 指出，指明；解释（P47）
25 make good use of 充分利用（P47）
In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou (1) referred to the strengths of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths.
I should point out that not one of these paintings is original.
I must point out that trials of new medicine are expensive and you can never guarantee success.
We could make better use of our resources.
Few graduates found jobs in which they could make use of their new skills.
26 be/get surprised by 对……感到惊奇（P48）
27 perform/carry out a test 做实验（P48）
28 be useful for (doing) 对……有用（P48）
【语境助记】
Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for treating wounds.
Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future research. （P49）
29 catch the attention of 引起注意（P48）
30 be able to do sthg 能够做某事（P48）
31 mass production 大规模生产（P48）
32 save millions of lives 挽救成千上万的生命（P48）
【语境助记】
Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists who were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s,
penicillin has saved millions of lives.
At present, many new changes have happened in our country’s social stratum（社会阶层）structure, which catch the attention of lots of social science researchers.
33 by accident 偶然，意外地 (P48)
34 far from the truth 不是真相/事实（P48）
【语境助记】
One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth.
It was hard to know whether it happened by accident or by design.
Success is the result of devoting your time and energy to what you've set out to do, which doesn't happen by accident.
It was obvious that much of what they recorded was far from the truth.
Despite the fact that the disease is so prevalent（流行的）, treatment is still far from satisfactory.
35 be well known for 众所周知（P49）
【语境助记】
Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician. As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment.
Guilin is well known for its natural scenery around the world.
36 work out 解决；实现；制定出；锻炼（P49）
37 fly a kite during a thunderstorm 在雷雨时放风筝（P49）
38 go through…(down) to…通过……到……（P49）
【语境助记】
He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth.
He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go through his body.
Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise.
The deal just isn't working out the way we were promised.
They‘re trying to work out a peace formula（方案）acceptable to both sides in the dispute.
Most teenagers go through a period of rebelling.
Foods which go through a factory process lose much of their colour, flavour and texture.
39 whatever the truth 不管真相是什么（P49）
40 make contributions/a contribution to…对……做出贡献（P49）
【语境助记】
Whatever the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity.
Whatever the truth, it doesn't seem to bother Nike.
Whatever the truth, the tart（蛋挞）has been popular since at least the early 19th century.
He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.
American economists have made important contributions to the field of financial and corporate economics.
41 go off 爆炸；进展（P51）
42 with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 (P51)
【语境助记】
Science Festival goes off with a bang!
A very loud security alarm immediately began to go off.
The explosive device was timed to go off at the rush hour.
He had never been afraid of failure: he was a gambler（冒险家）, ready to go off somewhere else and start all over again.
The angry man shut the door with a bang.
The team won their last four games, ending the season with a bang.
该队赢了最后四场比赛，给本赛季画了一个亮丽的句号。
43 show off 炫耀；卖弄；展现（P51）
【语境助记】
Our annual school Science Festival finished on Friday and once again it was amazing fun. This year’s “Space” theme was truly excellent and showed off all of the students’ creative talent.
Some people think the pursuit of fashion is only a way to show off wealth.
The interests he is most likely to enjoy will be those which enable him to show off himself or his talents.
When other teenagers show off their new clothes on Weibo, Yiyang displays his calligraphy work.
44 create the conditions of different planets 创设不同星球的条件（P51）
45 allow sb to do sthg 容许某人做某事（P51）
46 get a taste of…体味/体会……（P51）
【语境助记】
The most popular experiment was “Planets in a bottle”, in which students tried to create the conditions of different planets inside glass bottles. The experiment allowed students to get a taste of what it was like to live in outer space.
Yves sometimes gives customers a taste of a wine before they order.
With the tour to the farm, we had a taste of countryside life.
You will also have a chance to get to know the fantastic gallery space and get a taste of what's to come.你也有机会了解奇妙的画廊空间，并了解未来的发展趋势。
47 put our future at risk 让我们的未来处于危险之中（P53）
48 be/get involved in 涉及；卷入（P53）
【语境助记】
This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the
destruction of people and it put our future at risk. I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science ”
If the two countries go to war, innocent lives will be put at risk.
Economic opportunities and the quality of life of future generations are also put at risk.
Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools.
Drivers using a mobile phone are four times more likely to be involved in a crash.
It's definitely a tough competition to be involved in and I'm really looking forward to it.
49 put another way 换句话说（P53）
50 the value of science 科学的价值（P53）
51 devote…to…致力于；奉献（P53）
【语境助记】
Put another way, what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do It was a question I had to answer.
Put another way, action is a learning process.
Put another way, when the e-commerce standard is Amazon.com, small-business owners better bring some serious game.
Tu Youyou devoted herself to her career.
I could only devote two hours a day to the work.
52 be of value 有价值（P53）
53 be familiar to sb 为某人所熟悉（P53）
54 enable sb to do sthg 让某人能够做某事（P53）
【语境助记】
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
This weekend course will be of value to everyone interested in the scientific research.
The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.
【联想拓展】be familiar with sthg 通晓；熟悉
Are you familiar with the computer software they use
55 to the credit of 归因于；归功于（P53）
【语境助记】
Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.
【联想拓展】to one’s credit 值得赞扬；值得称赞
To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.
She had managed to pull herself together and, to her credit, continued to look upon life as a positive experience.
56 provide sb with intellectual enjoyment 给某人提供才智享受（P54）
57 look at a question 看待问题（P54）
【语境助记】
Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with. When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again.
The company provided Tim with a car and driver.
The local government is here to provide the public with a service.
Partly because of high gas prices, consumers are taking a second look at hybrid（混合动力）cars.
President Biden has said he will look at all options before making any decision on Iraq.
58 inspire sb to do sthg 鼓励某人做某事（P54）
59 let sb down 使某人失望 (P54)
60 turn over 移交给；翻阅；把……翻过来；（P54）
【语境助记】
With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
Teachers should inspire all students to think creatively.
Having the dream on paper can inspire you and your team to think of new solutions.
The company now has a large number of workers who feel badly let down.
Many believe it was his shyness and insecurity which let him down.
The world cannot let down its guard and WHO must help the world remain and become better prepared.
Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over curiously.
He realized he was in the wrong and promised to turn over a new leaf.
62 thanks to 由于；幸亏（P54）
63 lead sb to do sthg 促使/引导某人做某事（P54）
【语境助记】
Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.
Thanks to the ancient Silk Road, the lands of Italy and China have been connected for more than 2,000 years.
Thanks to technology, working is easier than it was a decade ago in many respects.
His abhorrence of racism led him to write "The Algiers Motel Incident.“ 他对种族主义的痛恨促使他写了《阿尔及尔汽车旅馆事件》。
The evidence has led scientists to speculate on the existence of other galaxies. 这就使得科学家推测还有其他星系存在。
The situation is far worse than we had been led to believe . 情况比我们听信的要糟糕得多。
64 turn to 转向；致力于；求助于（P54）
65 be of very great importance 极其重要（P54）
【语境助记】
I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance.
66 as to 关于，至于 (P54)
67 be sure of 确信；对……有把握（P54）
68 be in doubt 怀疑的；不能确定的（P54）
【语境助记】
When a scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant. When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he is still in some doubt.
The report gave me a clue as to the source of the problem.
Scientists are puzzled as to why the whale had swum to the shore.
I'm rather in doubt about his explanation of this question.
His intellect and mental agility（敏锐）have never been in doubt.
69 take it for granted / ɡrɑ nt d/ 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 (P54)
【语境助记】
Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science.
We shouldn't take it for granted that parents can give us everything we need.
We can never take it for granted that what we read, see or hear from media sources of any kind is trustworthy.
70 in order to progress 为了进步（P54）
71 forget the importance of this struggle 忘记斗争的重要性（P54）
72 recognize one’s ignorance 承认无知（P54）
73 leave room for doubt 给疑问留下余地（P54）
74 permit sb to do sthg 容许某人做某事（P54）
【语境助记】
In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.
Visitors are not permitted to take photographs in the gallery.
75 put forward 提出，提议，建议 (P55)
76 the theory of evolution 进化论（P55）
77 On the Origin of Species 《物种起源》（P55）
He (Darwin) put forward the theory of evolution by natural selection and published On the Origin of Species in 1859.
Darwin eventually put forward a model of biological evolution.
达尔文最终提出了一套生物进化的理论模式。
Here I'd like to put forward three suggestions to solve the problem of traffic congestion.
78 make up one’s mind(s) to do sthg 下定决心做某事（P55）
79 get married 结婚（P55）
80 make a list of 列一张单子（P55）
81 the advantages and disadvantages of marriage 婚姻的好处和坏处（P55）
【语境助记】
Darwin was such a scientific man that before he made up his mind
to get married, he made a careful list of the advantages and
disadvantages of marriage.
Once he made up his mind to do something, there was no stopping him.
Have you made up your minds where to go for your trip
She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done.
Before the sale started, I made a list of what my kids would need for the coming season.