2023届高考英语语法专题：简单句和句子分类学案（Word版无答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届高考英语语法专题：简单句和句子分类学案（Word版无答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 99.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-23 14:06:05 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
简单句
英语属于结构语言，它有自己的基本句型、固定搭配、固定短语等，这些都是不可改变的，要想在写作中用上它们，用好它们，阅读中看懂它们，必须认真领会背诵固定的句型。首先要加强简单句的五种基本句型结构的学习和训练。在英语的交际过程中，几乎所有的英语句型都是五种句型的扩充、延伸和拓展，因此五种基本句型的训练是写作和阅读的根基。
高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
一、什么是简单句？
观察下面15个句子，把它们的编号归入右栏的5种简单句句型中。
简单句 5种简单句句型 句子序号(例如：句 1)
He could make his lessons lively and interesting.Mr. Smith taught us English.I have bought some chocolate for you.We all breathe.He was a strange little man.The American guests have blue eyes.We give the classroom a good cleaning every weekend.The meat has gone bad.We found the park crowded with people.He forgot to bring an umbrella with him.To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our Voices”.（安徽卷）He heard somebody knocking on the window.Who cares I feel greatly honored to be welcomed into their society. (北京卷)Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class （全国I） S十V “主语+谓语”结构Example: The sun rises.
S十V十O “主语+谓语+宾语”结构 Example: We need your help.
S十V十P “主语+系动词+表语”结构 Example: I am a student.
S十V十O1十O2 “主语+谓语+双宾语”结构Example: I give him a book.
S十V十O十C “主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构Example: We must keep the room clean.
归纳：简单句就是有____个主语(或并列主语)和____个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)的句子 而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。
巩固练习：
依照例句，划出下列简单句的构成成分，在括号中写出下面简单句所使用的句型。
Our class visited a factory last Sunday. （ S十V十O ）
S（主）V（谓）O宾） A（状）
Gradually he became silent. （ ）
Will you do me a favor （ ）
The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly atmosphere(08湖北)（ ）
We talked for half an hour. （ ）
The guests left most of the dishes untouched. （ ）
He denies her nothing. （ ）
She gave me her telephone number. （ ）
He found us speaking very good English. （ ）
The last one to arrive pays the mail. (07 全国I）（ ）
二、简单句的五种基本句型
句型一：S +V
该句型有两种基本句式：⑴
⑵
不及物动词，
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
Fanyi
1. 这一数字在2002年再次上升，达到2千万。
2. 这笔钱应该更明智地花在帮助那些需要帮助的人身上。
3. 应该限制城区私家车的数量。
句型二：S +V+O
该句型中的动词(V)为及物动词，例如：
Please turn the radio on. = Please turn on the radio. 请把收音机打开。
This pair of shoes is nice. Can I try them on 这双鞋很漂亮，我可以试穿一下吗？
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
$ W. H5 H( Z5 _2 U: o! u1 q1. 城市美丽了才会吸引更多的游客。
& D7 W& r+ O8 `2. 很多人，包括司机、行人、骑自行车的人，都不太遵守交通规则，特别是在繁忙的十字路口。
3. 高等教育塑造我们的人格。
句型三：S+ V +P
该句型中的动词为连系动词，表语(P)常为形容词、名词、代词、介词短语等。常见的连系动词有be, get, become, turn(变), look(看起来), feel, smell, taste, seem等。例如：
The swan is beautiful. 天鹅很漂亮。
Autumn is coming and the weather is getting cold. 秋天到了，天气逐渐变凉。
The food tastes sweet. 这食物尝起来很甜。
1）表‘感觉’的 等。
2）表‘似乎’的
3）表‘变化’的 等
4） 表‘继续或保持一种状况或态度的 等
5) 表‘终止’： 。表达“证实、证明、结果为。。。”之意。
Eg: He proved (to be) right. / The experiment turned out successful.
部分特殊搭配：
半系动词：即有其实义动词之意，但后接形容词，它们为：
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
) G3 s) R" [6 p6 b+ w1. 能有机会从事课余活动也是学生生活很重要的一个部分。
2. 一些家长教导孩子方面不合格。
3. 在我看来，如今最大的问题之一是在一些人口稠密的城市总是出现交通堵塞。
句型四：S + V + IO + DO
该句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语(IO)，指物的叫直接宾语(DO)，通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。也可把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前，但间接宾语前要加介词to或for。一般而言，加介词to的动词有bring, give , lend, make, send, pay, cost, show, teach, tell, buy, get，make, leave, pass, sing, read, wish, offer, promise, write, owe, hand等；加介词for的动词有buy, cook, do, find, get, play等。
温馨提示：
⑴既可与to也可与for连用的动词有bring, do, leave, play, write等。例如：
Please bring me the exercise-book tomorrow.
= Please bring the exercise-book to / for me tomorrow. 请明天把练习簿带给我。
⑵若直接宾语是代词时，则必须将其置于间接宾语之前。例如：
请把它给我。
[误] Give me it, please.
[正] Give it to me, please.
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
店员也没有向我演示如何使用这部数码相机。
2. 国际旅游给人们提供了了解不同文化的机会。
$ I! b2 y; L2 W' ~% q% K1 ^2 |3. 您的到来肯定会给我们带来惊喜。
句型五：S +V+ O +C
例句 功能 句子序号(例如：句 1)
The bad weather keeps us inside the house. He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.Simon found his answer wrong.The teacher asked us not to play football in the street. The boss made the workers work ten hours a day. Children should often help their parents (to) do some housework. I saw a lot of farmers working in the fields.They named their baby Tom. 后跟名词作宾语补足语的常用动词有call, name, make, choose, promise等；
后跟形容词作宾语补足语的常用动词有keep, make, find, get, turn, drive等；
后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常用的有ask, tell, want, teach, wish, get等；
后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为“5321”；五看：see, look at, watch, notice,observe三使：make, let, have两听：hear, listen to一感觉：feel
后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带to也可不带to；
后跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常用动词有feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice, find, keep等；
后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的常用动词有keep, find, take, notice等；
在have, make, see, watch, feel, hear, notice, observe, keep, find, get等后面，通常用过去分词作宾补，宾语通常和补语是被动关系；
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
3 \5 r: N0 b6 _ O1． 我觉得学校的课程表挺合适的。
2． 我们昨天给她挑选了一件精致的生日礼物。
& ^) A$ H( {0 A; E6 N3． 房价太高让很多年轻人沮丧。
三、简单句成分的词性构成
A. 观察下面句子，划出这些句子的主语，与构成这些句子主语的词性做连线。
Our school is not far from my house.
We like our school very much.
The mother with her child is coming to the school.
Seeing is believing.
To do such a job needs a better knowledge.
What I mean is to work harder.
The unemployed usually lead a hard life.
Two million was turned away by American officials.
It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）
B. 观察下面句子，划出这些句子的宾语，并在括号内标出构成该宾语的词性。
We study English at school. ( 名词 )
I haven't seen him for a long time. ( )
Let's do something for the homeless. ( )
We need five instead of two. ( )
Let me see what you have got there. ( )
He enjoys listening to the music. ( )
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
C. 宾语补足语的构成。
a) 找出下面每句话的宾语补足语，并在括号内标出构成该宾语补足语的词性。
He found his new job boring. ( 形容词 )
The called their daughter Mary. ( 名词 )
This placed her in a very difficult position. ( )
We went to her house but found her out. ( )
We thought him to be an honest man. ( )
He believed them to have discussed the problem. ( )
He believed her to be telling the truth. ( )
Did you notice him come in ( )
I saw her chatting with Nancy. ( )
He watched the piano carried upstairs. ( )
b) 思考，可以带出宾语补足语的动词有哪些？请总结在下面横线上。
_________________________________________________________________________________
巩固练习：
翻译以下带有宾语补足语的句子。
1）昨晚，他看到那个女孩正在上车。________________________________
2）他认为他们已经去过公园了。________________________________
3）我发现他的英语很好。________________________________
4) 我会一直保密。________________________________
5）这种植物我们用英语怎么叫？________________________________
D. 主语补足语的构成：主语补足语是用来说明主语是什么或处于什么状态，以补充其意义的不足。如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了。
eg. They caught boy stealing. （stealing 为宾语补足语）
转化为被动语态 The boy was caught stealing. （stealing转化为主语补足语）
找出下面每句话的主语补足语，并在括号内标出构成该主语补足语的词性。
1）He was made monitor by the teacher. ( )
2) The goat fell from the hill dead. ( )
3) Your light could be seen on last night. ( )
4) This song is thought to be most popular. ( )
5) The baby was heard crying now and then in the night. ( )
6) He was seen killed by the robber, but nobody helped him. ( )
7) Nowadays, young people like to be dressed in jeans. ( )
8) Our country will soon be made what your country is now. ( )
巩固练习：
翻译以下带有主语补足语的句子。
1） 她被发现是一个合适的人选。_____________________________
2) 他们的船被漆成白色。_________________________________
3） 孩子被妈妈抱到楼上去了。___________________________________
4） 鲁迅被认为是世界上最伟大的作家之一。 _________________________________
5） 他的话使我处于很为难的境地。_________________________________________
E. 表语的构成。
找出下面每句话的表语，并在括号内标出构成该表语的词性。
1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. （ ） 2. Gradually he became silent. （ ）
3. She remained standing for an hour. （ ） 4. The question remained unsolved. （ ）
5. The machine is out of order. （ ） 6. The television was on. （ ）
7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. （ ） 8. My job is repairing cars. （ ）
9. The question is what you want to do. （ ）10. Is it yours （代词）
巩固练习：
完成下列带有表语的句子。
1. The dinner . 午餐的味道很好
2. Everything ____ . 一切看来都不同了
3. The trouble is that they . 麻烦的是他们缺少钱
4. Our well has . 我们的井干枯了
5. His face . 他的脸红了
F. 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
观察下面句子，划出这些句子的定语，并在括号内标出构成该定语的词性。
1. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（ ）
3. There are thirty women teachers is our school.（ ）
4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（ ）
5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（ ）
6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（ ）
7. He is reading an article about how to learn English.（ ）
G. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
a) 观察下面句子，划出这些句子的状语，并在括号内标出构成该状语的词性。
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（ ）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（ ）
He is in the room making a model plane.（ ）
Wait a minute.（ ）
Once you begin, you must continue.（ ）
b) 状语的种类： 状语可以在句子中用来说明时间，地点，条件，方式，原因，结果，比较，还可以用来表让步和伴随。
观察下面的句子，标出划线部分在句子中的作用。
How about meeting again at six （时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（ ）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（ ）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（ ）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（ ）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（ ）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（ ）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（ ）
She works very hard though she is old.（ ）
I am taller than he is.（ ）
巩固练习：
1. 完成下列带有定语和状语的句子
1） The next train _________was from Shanghai. 下一列到站的火车是从上海开来的。
2） Did you see the girl ___________________________ 你看到了和你弟弟跳舞的那个女孩吗？
3） _________, they went to ask for their father’s permission. 他们满怀希望，去请求父亲答应这件事。
4）_____________, he jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。
5）__________________, many people went to California. 为了寻找金子，许多人去了加利福尼亚。
2. 句子排序
1）arrived David last night _________ _______
2）be will two enough __________ _______
3）usually the unemployed a hard life lead_________________ _________
4）heard my name I called _______________ ____________
5）felt he to mention this his duty it to her _____________ ______
3. 翻译以下简单句并在括号内写出该句子所属的句型。
1） 我们很少在外边吃饭。______________________________ （ ）
2） 昨晚我咳嗽了一会儿。______________________________（ ）
3） 今天我感觉不太舒服。______________________________（ ）
4） 他看上去很累。______________________________（ ）
5） 她给我们唱了一首西藏歌曲。______________________________（ ）
6） 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。______________________________（ ）
7） 我们发现礼堂坐满了。______________________________（ ）
8） 不要忘记穿外套。______________________________（ ）
9） 刚才你听到她唱歌了吗？______________________________（ ）
10）我相信他们没有做这件事。______________________________（ ）
4. There be
1. 近年来关于孩子的教育分歧很大。
2. 私家车似乎太多而公交车还不够。
3. 毫无疑问，父母亲也有责任。
5. 指出下列各句属于哪种基本句型。
﹝﹞1. David’s mother is a professor.
﹝﹞2. His aunt works in a hospital.
﹝﹞3. The teacher found him a clever student.
﹝﹞4. Mr Smith will teach us English this term.
﹝﹞5. Of all the animals, I like the dog best.
A. S V B. S V IO DO C. S V P D. S V DO E. S V DO OC
6. 将下列句子译成英文。
1. 我们会使它保持温暖。
2. 爸爸正在为我烧吃的。
3. 我们校长讲英语。
4. 昨晚我听见玛丽在隔壁房间唱歌。
5. 他们正在高兴地跳舞。
四、 there be句型
特点：there be 句型试题特点是，它往往和倒装结构等连用，把there be句型置于一种特殊的语境和语法条件下进行考查，而且命题时往往以it is，they are等作为干扰项。
例1
Nowhere else along the coast ____ such shallow water so far from land.
A. is there B. is it C. there is D. it is
1．There be与情态动词连用
2．There be与含有情态意义的动词或短语连用
3．There be的非谓语形式及用法
There be结构也可以以不定式（ ）、动名词（ ）和现在分词（ ）的形式出现在句子中，作主语、宾语或状语。这种非限定形式中的there在形式上起着逻辑主语的作用，因此，不定式there to be前有时需加介词for，从形式上满足引出不定式逻辑主语的需要，而分词 则具有独立主格结构的意味。作介词补足成分： 介词是for, 用there to be形式； 介词不是for，则用there being形式。
例如：
I don't want any more trouble．我不希望再有麻烦了。（不定式作宾语）
I expect no argument about this．我希望对此没有什么争论。（不定式作宾语）
It was unusual for so few people in the street．大街上人这么少，这不大正常。（不定式作主语）
What's the chance of an election this year？今年举行大选的可能性有多大？（动名词作介词宾语）
___________________ a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage．离屋子这么近有一个汽车站，这太便利了。（动名词作主语）
_______________________nothing else to do，we went home．没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。（分词作状语）
_________________________ no further discussion, the chairman stood up and left the meeting-room.没有可讨论的了，主席站了起来，离开了会议室。
“there be...”句型的难点在于它的非限定形式, 怎样分辨使用there to be 和there being 呢 两个要点是关键：它们在句子中的成分及与句子中其他成分的搭配关系。
4．由there be构成的固定句型
5．there与其它动词连用
这些动词有两类：一类是表示存在概念的状态动词，如： ；一类是表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词，如： 。例如：
There lies a river behind the house．屋后有一条河。
Then there came a knock at the door．然后听到敲门声。
At a later stage there arose new problem swhich seemed insoluble．在后期出现了似乎无法解决的新问题。
There followed an uncomfortable silence．接着是一阵令人难受的沉默。
Exercise：
1．There ________ a bed and a big wardrobe with a mirror．
A．are B．were C．was D．be
2．No one would have dreamed of such a good place．
A．there is B．there to be C．there being?D．there was
3．I should prefer ________ no discussion of my private affairs．
A．there to be?B．there being C．there is?D．there are
4．It was too late ________ any buses．
A．for there to be B．there to be
C．there being?D．for there being
5．There ________ a war between his heart and his head．
A．being B．appeared to be C．to be D．were
6． ________in his imagination visions of a world empire．
A．Rising B．Rose C．Rise D．There rose
7．If the police hadn't reacted quickly，______ a bad accident．
A．there were B．there will be
C．there could have been D．there had to be
8．Uncle Jesse，why ________ poor people like those？
A．are there have to be B．do there have to be
C．have there to be D．there have to be
9． ______ more difficulties than you thought．
A．It is likely?B．It is likely to be
C．There is likely D．There are likely to be
10． ________just twenty-eight pounds．
A．There remained B．It remained
C．There were remained D．That rem ained
11．You wouldn't want ________ another war．
A．there be?B．there to be C．to be D．there being
12．There ________ nobody in the room ．
A．were just B．happened being
C．were happened D．happened to be
13．There is no point ________ about it again．
A．in talking?B．talking C．to talk?D．talk
14．There is no need ________ ．We've got plenty of time．
A．hurrying?B．in hurrying C．to hurry?D．hurry
15． ________no further business，the Chairman closed the meeting．
A．There was?B．There to be?C．There being D．Being
四、感叹句
常见的有how和what开头的两种形式。how用于修饰形容词、副词或动词；what用于修饰名词。
1. How + 形容词（副词） + 主语 + 谓语。例如：
How beautiful the flower is! 这花多漂亮啊！
How fluently he speaks English! 他英语说得多流利啊！
2. How修饰动词，构成“How + 主语 + 谓语”句式。例如：
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！
[典型考题]
—You haven't been to Beijing, have you
—______. How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven't
C. No, I have D. No, I haven't
3. “How + 形容词（副词）”（省略主语和谓语）。
[典型考题]
—Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.
—______ I'm sure you had a wonderful time.
A．Sounds good! B．Very well.
C．How nice! D．All right.
4. What (a) + 名词。例如：
What fun! 多么有趣啊！
5. What (a) + （形容词）名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
[典型考题]
______ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting B. How an interesting
C. What interesting D. What an interesting
二、感叹句的其它句式
1. so， no wonder等引起的感叹句。
[典型考题]
① Happy birthday, Alice! So you have ______ twenty-one already!
A. become B. turned
C. grown D. passed
② —Brad was Jane's brother!
—______ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A. No doubt B. Above all
C. No wonder D. Of course
2. 陈述句式感叹句。例如：
There is danger ahead! 前面有危险。
[典型考题]
—It'll take at least 2 hours to do this!
—Oh, ______! I could do it in 30 minutes.
A. come on B. pardon me
C. you are right D. don' t mention it
3. 一般疑问句式感叹句。例如：
Would you believe it! 这事简直令人难以相信！
4. 特殊疑问句式感叹句。例如：
How can you be so silly! 你有多傻！
5. 祈使句式感叹句。例如：
Look out! Iceberg! 危险！冰山！
6. as if和if only引导的感叹句。例如：
As if he would ever go! 他才不会去呢！
If only the doctor arrives in time! 但愿医生能及时赶到！
7. 不定式感叹句。例如：To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire! 把这样一套西服卖给一个百万富翁！
五、祈使句
例1
I’ve never seen anyone run so fast— ____ David go.
A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched
例2
Mary, ____ here — everybody else, stay where you are.
A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming
六、反意疑问句
①部分特殊简单句的反意疑问句
A. 陈述句部分是I am...时，疑问部分用aren't I如：I am an American girl，
B. 陈述部分含有由否定前缀或后缀构成的词时，作肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定形式。如：
Tom is an unknown man,
C. 陈述部分含有never，nothing，hardly，little，few，no，seldom，nobody，none，too…to，no one等表示否定意义的词或结构时，疑问部分用肯定形式，如：
He could hardly believe it,
There was little water in he bottle, was there
D. 陈述部分是there +be句型时，附加部分要用...there 如：
There is a cup of tea on the table， ，
E. 陈述部分为had better do something句式时，附加部分需要用had。如：
She'd better stay in bed these days，
F. 陈述部分的主语为动词不定式、动名词或从句时，
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes,
G. 陈述部分含有need或dare时，必须先区别它们是情态动词还是实义动词，然后再确定疑问部分的形式。例如：
You needn't go there now，
She needs a radio，
He dare not do it，
No one dared to go there，
H. 陈述部分主语为everybody，nobody，somebody，anybody，everyone等指代人的不定代词时，附加部分主语可以用he或者they。例如：
Someone rang you up just now, didn't he(they)
I. 当陈述部主语为everything，nothing，something，anything等不定代词时，附加部分主语要用“it”。例如：
Nothing is difficult, isn't it
J. 当neither…nor…，either…or…，both…and…，not only…but also…等连词连接并列的两个主语时，
疑问部分的主语常用复数代词。例如：
Neither you nor l am wrong，
Not only Tom but also Bob has gone there，
K. . must表示推测，作“一定、想必”之意解时，附加部分须根据must后的动词来确定，使用恰当的助动词。例如：
He must be late for school,
They must have waited here for a long time，
②祈使句的附加疑问句
A. 陈述部分是肯定祈使句时，疑问部分用will you或won't you。例如：
Close the door,
B. 陈述部分是否定祈使句时，疑问部分只能用will you。例如：
Don't read so loudly,
C. 陈述部分以let’s开头，包括说话者和听话者都在内，疑问部分只能用shall we。例如：
Let’s go swimming,
D. 陈述部分是以let us开头的祈使句时，疑问部分应用will you，此时不包括听话者在内，是表示征求意见的。例如：
Let us have lunch together,
③并列句的附加疑问句
并列句的附加疑问句应采取就近原则，与最后一个分句相一致。例如：
I help Lucy with her Chinese and she helps me with my English,
It rained heavily yesterday, so I didn’t go out to play,
④主从复合句的附加疑问句
A. 陈述部分是复合句时，疑问部分须与主句保持一致。例如：
He says his mother didn’t feel well,
You will visit the Great Wal1 if is fine tomorrow,
The children were sleeping when I knocked at the door,
B. 当陈述部分是I think，remember，believe，suppose，guess等主句后跟有that引导的宾语从句时
I believe he will pass the exam,
I don’t remember he likes dancing,
例1
We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ____
A. do you B . can we C. will you D. shall we
例2
Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette adverting on TV is illegal, ____
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
代词
数词
名词
名词化的词、词组或短语
动名词
动词不定式
从句
过去分词转化的形容词
PAGE
1
英语属于结构语言，它有自己的基本句型、固定搭配、固定短语等，这些都是不可改变的，要想在写作中用上它们，用好它们，阅读中看懂它们，必须认真领会背诵固定的句型。首先要加强简单句的五种基本句型结构的学习和训练。在英语的交际过程中，几乎所有的英语句型都是五种句型的扩充、延伸和拓展，因此五种基本句型的训练是写作和阅读的根基。
高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
一、什么是简单句？
观察下面15个句子，把它们的编号归入右栏的5种简单句句型中。
简单句 5种简单句句型 句子序号(例如：句 1)
He could make his lessons lively and interesting.Mr. Smith taught us English.I have bought some chocolate for you.We all breathe.He was a strange little man.The American guests have blue eyes.We give the classroom a good cleaning every weekend.The meat has gone bad.We found the park crowded with people.He forgot to bring an umbrella with him.To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our Voices”.（安徽卷）He heard somebody knocking on the window.Who cares I feel greatly honored to be welcomed into their society. (北京卷)Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class （全国I） S十V “主语+谓语”结构Example: The sun rises.
S十V十O “主语+谓语+宾语”结构 Example: We need your help.
S十V十P “主语+系动词+表语”结构 Example: I am a student.
S十V十O1十O2 “主语+谓语+双宾语”结构Example: I give him a book.
S十V十O十C “主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构Example: We must keep the room clean.
归纳：简单句就是有____个主语(或并列主语)和____个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)的句子 而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。
巩固练习：
依照例句，划出下列简单句的构成成分，在括号中写出下面简单句所使用的句型。
Our class visited a factory last Sunday. （ S十V十O ）
S（主）V（谓）O宾） A（状）
Gradually he became silent. （ ）
Will you do me a favor （ ）
The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly atmosphere(08湖北)（ ）
We talked for half an hour. （ ）
The guests left most of the dishes untouched. （ ）
He denies her nothing. （ ）
She gave me her telephone number. （ ）
He found us speaking very good English. （ ）
The last one to arrive pays the mail. (07 全国I）（ ）
二、简单句的五种基本句型
句型一：S +V
该句型有两种基本句式：⑴
⑵
不及物动词，
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
Fanyi
1. 这一数字在2002年再次上升，达到2千万。
2. 这笔钱应该更明智地花在帮助那些需要帮助的人身上。
3. 应该限制城区私家车的数量。
句型二：S +V+O
该句型中的动词(V)为及物动词，例如：
Please turn the radio on. = Please turn on the radio. 请把收音机打开。
This pair of shoes is nice. Can I try them on 这双鞋很漂亮，我可以试穿一下吗？
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
$ W. H5 H( Z5 _2 U: o! u1 q1. 城市美丽了才会吸引更多的游客。
& D7 W& r+ O8 `2. 很多人，包括司机、行人、骑自行车的人，都不太遵守交通规则，特别是在繁忙的十字路口。
3. 高等教育塑造我们的人格。
句型三：S+ V +P
该句型中的动词为连系动词，表语(P)常为形容词、名词、代词、介词短语等。常见的连系动词有be, get, become, turn(变), look(看起来), feel, smell, taste, seem等。例如：
The swan is beautiful. 天鹅很漂亮。
Autumn is coming and the weather is getting cold. 秋天到了，天气逐渐变凉。
The food tastes sweet. 这食物尝起来很甜。
1）表‘感觉’的 等。
2）表‘似乎’的
3）表‘变化’的 等
4） 表‘继续或保持一种状况或态度的 等
5) 表‘终止’： 。表达“证实、证明、结果为。。。”之意。
Eg: He proved (to be) right. / The experiment turned out successful.
部分特殊搭配：
半系动词：即有其实义动词之意，但后接形容词，它们为：
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
) G3 s) R" [6 p6 b+ w1. 能有机会从事课余活动也是学生生活很重要的一个部分。
2. 一些家长教导孩子方面不合格。
3. 在我看来，如今最大的问题之一是在一些人口稠密的城市总是出现交通堵塞。
句型四：S + V + IO + DO
该句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语(IO)，指物的叫直接宾语(DO)，通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。也可把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前，但间接宾语前要加介词to或for。一般而言，加介词to的动词有bring, give , lend, make, send, pay, cost, show, teach, tell, buy, get，make, leave, pass, sing, read, wish, offer, promise, write, owe, hand等；加介词for的动词有buy, cook, do, find, get, play等。
温馨提示：
⑴既可与to也可与for连用的动词有bring, do, leave, play, write等。例如：
Please bring me the exercise-book tomorrow.
= Please bring the exercise-book to / for me tomorrow. 请明天把练习簿带给我。
⑵若直接宾语是代词时，则必须将其置于间接宾语之前。例如：
请把它给我。
[误] Give me it, please.
[正] Give it to me, please.
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
店员也没有向我演示如何使用这部数码相机。
2. 国际旅游给人们提供了了解不同文化的机会。
$ I! b2 y; L2 W' ~% q% K1 ^2 |3. 您的到来肯定会给我们带来惊喜。
句型五：S +V+ O +C
例句 功能 句子序号(例如：句 1)
The bad weather keeps us inside the house. He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.Simon found his answer wrong.The teacher asked us not to play football in the street. The boss made the workers work ten hours a day. Children should often help their parents (to) do some housework. I saw a lot of farmers working in the fields.They named their baby Tom. 后跟名词作宾语补足语的常用动词有call, name, make, choose, promise等；
后跟形容词作宾语补足语的常用动词有keep, make, find, get, turn, drive等；
后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常用的有ask, tell, want, teach, wish, get等；
后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为“5321”；五看：see, look at, watch, notice,observe三使：make, let, have两听：hear, listen to一感觉：feel
后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带to也可不带to；
后跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常用动词有feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice, find, keep等；
后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的常用动词有keep, find, take, notice等；
在have, make, see, watch, feel, hear, notice, observe, keep, find, get等后面，通常用过去分词作宾补，宾语通常和补语是被动关系；
巩固练习
翻译下列各句：
3 \5 r: N0 b6 _ O1． 我觉得学校的课程表挺合适的。
2． 我们昨天给她挑选了一件精致的生日礼物。
& ^) A$ H( {0 A; E6 N3． 房价太高让很多年轻人沮丧。
三、简单句成分的词性构成
A. 观察下面句子，划出这些句子的主语，与构成这些句子主语的词性做连线。
Our school is not far from my house.
We like our school very much.
The mother with her child is coming to the school.
Seeing is believing.
To do such a job needs a better knowledge.
What I mean is to work harder.
The unemployed usually lead a hard life.
Two million was turned away by American officials.
It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）
B. 观察下面句子，划出这些句子的宾语，并在括号内标出构成该宾语的词性。
We study English at school. ( 名词 )
I haven't seen him for a long time. ( )
Let's do something for the homeless. ( )
We need five instead of two. ( )
Let me see what you have got there. ( )
He enjoys listening to the music. ( )
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
C. 宾语补足语的构成。
a) 找出下面每句话的宾语补足语，并在括号内标出构成该宾语补足语的词性。
He found his new job boring. ( 形容词 )
The called their daughter Mary. ( 名词 )
This placed her in a very difficult position. ( )
We went to her house but found her out. ( )
We thought him to be an honest man. ( )
He believed them to have discussed the problem. ( )
He believed her to be telling the truth. ( )
Did you notice him come in ( )
I saw her chatting with Nancy. ( )
He watched the piano carried upstairs. ( )
b) 思考，可以带出宾语补足语的动词有哪些？请总结在下面横线上。
_________________________________________________________________________________
巩固练习：
翻译以下带有宾语补足语的句子。
1）昨晚，他看到那个女孩正在上车。________________________________
2）他认为他们已经去过公园了。________________________________
3）我发现他的英语很好。________________________________
4) 我会一直保密。________________________________
5）这种植物我们用英语怎么叫？________________________________
D. 主语补足语的构成：主语补足语是用来说明主语是什么或处于什么状态，以补充其意义的不足。如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了。
eg. They caught boy stealing. （stealing 为宾语补足语）
转化为被动语态 The boy was caught stealing. （stealing转化为主语补足语）
找出下面每句话的主语补足语，并在括号内标出构成该主语补足语的词性。
1）He was made monitor by the teacher. ( )
2) The goat fell from the hill dead. ( )
3) Your light could be seen on last night. ( )
4) This song is thought to be most popular. ( )
5) The baby was heard crying now and then in the night. ( )
6) He was seen killed by the robber, but nobody helped him. ( )
7) Nowadays, young people like to be dressed in jeans. ( )
8) Our country will soon be made what your country is now. ( )
巩固练习：
翻译以下带有主语补足语的句子。
1） 她被发现是一个合适的人选。_____________________________
2) 他们的船被漆成白色。_________________________________
3） 孩子被妈妈抱到楼上去了。___________________________________
4） 鲁迅被认为是世界上最伟大的作家之一。 _________________________________
5） 他的话使我处于很为难的境地。_________________________________________
E. 表语的构成。
找出下面每句话的表语，并在括号内标出构成该表语的词性。
1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. （ ） 2. Gradually he became silent. （ ）
3. She remained standing for an hour. （ ） 4. The question remained unsolved. （ ）
5. The machine is out of order. （ ） 6. The television was on. （ ）
7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. （ ） 8. My job is repairing cars. （ ）
9. The question is what you want to do. （ ）10. Is it yours （代词）
巩固练习：
完成下列带有表语的句子。
1. The dinner . 午餐的味道很好
2. Everything ____ . 一切看来都不同了
3. The trouble is that they . 麻烦的是他们缺少钱
4. Our well has . 我们的井干枯了
5. His face . 他的脸红了
F. 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
观察下面句子，划出这些句子的定语，并在括号内标出构成该定语的词性。
1. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（ ）
3. There are thirty women teachers is our school.（ ）
4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（ ）
5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（ ）
6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（ ）
7. He is reading an article about how to learn English.（ ）
G. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
a) 观察下面句子，划出这些句子的状语，并在括号内标出构成该状语的词性。
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（ ）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（ ）
He is in the room making a model plane.（ ）
Wait a minute.（ ）
Once you begin, you must continue.（ ）
b) 状语的种类： 状语可以在句子中用来说明时间，地点，条件，方式，原因，结果，比较，还可以用来表让步和伴随。
观察下面的句子，标出划线部分在句子中的作用。
How about meeting again at six （时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（ ）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（ ）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（ ）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（ ）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（ ）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（ ）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（ ）
She works very hard though she is old.（ ）
I am taller than he is.（ ）
巩固练习：
1. 完成下列带有定语和状语的句子
1） The next train _________was from Shanghai. 下一列到站的火车是从上海开来的。
2） Did you see the girl ___________________________ 你看到了和你弟弟跳舞的那个女孩吗？
3） _________, they went to ask for their father’s permission. 他们满怀希望，去请求父亲答应这件事。
4）_____________, he jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。
5）__________________, many people went to California. 为了寻找金子，许多人去了加利福尼亚。
2. 句子排序
1）arrived David last night _________ _______
2）be will two enough __________ _______
3）usually the unemployed a hard life lead_________________ _________
4）heard my name I called _______________ ____________
5）felt he to mention this his duty it to her _____________ ______
3. 翻译以下简单句并在括号内写出该句子所属的句型。
1） 我们很少在外边吃饭。______________________________ （ ）
2） 昨晚我咳嗽了一会儿。______________________________（ ）
3） 今天我感觉不太舒服。______________________________（ ）
4） 他看上去很累。______________________________（ ）
5） 她给我们唱了一首西藏歌曲。______________________________（ ）
6） 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。______________________________（ ）
7） 我们发现礼堂坐满了。______________________________（ ）
8） 不要忘记穿外套。______________________________（ ）
9） 刚才你听到她唱歌了吗？______________________________（ ）
10）我相信他们没有做这件事。______________________________（ ）
4. There be
1. 近年来关于孩子的教育分歧很大。
2. 私家车似乎太多而公交车还不够。
3. 毫无疑问，父母亲也有责任。
5. 指出下列各句属于哪种基本句型。
﹝﹞1. David’s mother is a professor.
﹝﹞2. His aunt works in a hospital.
﹝﹞3. The teacher found him a clever student.
﹝﹞4. Mr Smith will teach us English this term.
﹝﹞5. Of all the animals, I like the dog best.
A. S V B. S V IO DO C. S V P D. S V DO E. S V DO OC
6. 将下列句子译成英文。
1. 我们会使它保持温暖。
2. 爸爸正在为我烧吃的。
3. 我们校长讲英语。
4. 昨晚我听见玛丽在隔壁房间唱歌。
5. 他们正在高兴地跳舞。
四、 there be句型
特点：there be 句型试题特点是，它往往和倒装结构等连用，把there be句型置于一种特殊的语境和语法条件下进行考查，而且命题时往往以it is，they are等作为干扰项。
例1
Nowhere else along the coast ____ such shallow water so far from land.
A. is there B. is it C. there is D. it is
1．There be与情态动词连用
2．There be与含有情态意义的动词或短语连用
3．There be的非谓语形式及用法
There be结构也可以以不定式（ ）、动名词（ ）和现在分词（ ）的形式出现在句子中，作主语、宾语或状语。这种非限定形式中的there在形式上起着逻辑主语的作用，因此，不定式there to be前有时需加介词for，从形式上满足引出不定式逻辑主语的需要，而分词 则具有独立主格结构的意味。作介词补足成分： 介词是for, 用there to be形式； 介词不是for，则用there being形式。
例如：
I don't want any more trouble．我不希望再有麻烦了。（不定式作宾语）
I expect no argument about this．我希望对此没有什么争论。（不定式作宾语）
It was unusual for so few people in the street．大街上人这么少，这不大正常。（不定式作主语）
What's the chance of an election this year？今年举行大选的可能性有多大？（动名词作介词宾语）
___________________ a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage．离屋子这么近有一个汽车站，这太便利了。（动名词作主语）
_______________________nothing else to do，we went home．没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。（分词作状语）
_________________________ no further discussion, the chairman stood up and left the meeting-room.没有可讨论的了，主席站了起来，离开了会议室。
“there be...”句型的难点在于它的非限定形式, 怎样分辨使用there to be 和there being 呢 两个要点是关键：它们在句子中的成分及与句子中其他成分的搭配关系。
4．由there be构成的固定句型
5．there与其它动词连用
这些动词有两类：一类是表示存在概念的状态动词，如： ；一类是表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词，如： 。例如：
There lies a river behind the house．屋后有一条河。
Then there came a knock at the door．然后听到敲门声。
At a later stage there arose new problem swhich seemed insoluble．在后期出现了似乎无法解决的新问题。
There followed an uncomfortable silence．接着是一阵令人难受的沉默。
Exercise：
1．There ________ a bed and a big wardrobe with a mirror．
A．are B．were C．was D．be
2．No one would have dreamed of such a good place．
A．there is B．there to be C．there being?D．there was
3．I should prefer ________ no discussion of my private affairs．
A．there to be?B．there being C．there is?D．there are
4．It was too late ________ any buses．
A．for there to be B．there to be
C．there being?D．for there being
5．There ________ a war between his heart and his head．
A．being B．appeared to be C．to be D．were
6． ________in his imagination visions of a world empire．
A．Rising B．Rose C．Rise D．There rose
7．If the police hadn't reacted quickly，______ a bad accident．
A．there were B．there will be
C．there could have been D．there had to be
8．Uncle Jesse，why ________ poor people like those？
A．are there have to be B．do there have to be
C．have there to be D．there have to be
9． ______ more difficulties than you thought．
A．It is likely?B．It is likely to be
C．There is likely D．There are likely to be
10． ________just twenty-eight pounds．
A．There remained B．It remained
C．There were remained D．That rem ained
11．You wouldn't want ________ another war．
A．there be?B．there to be C．to be D．there being
12．There ________ nobody in the room ．
A．were just B．happened being
C．were happened D．happened to be
13．There is no point ________ about it again．
A．in talking?B．talking C．to talk?D．talk
14．There is no need ________ ．We've got plenty of time．
A．hurrying?B．in hurrying C．to hurry?D．hurry
15． ________no further business，the Chairman closed the meeting．
A．There was?B．There to be?C．There being D．Being
四、感叹句
常见的有how和what开头的两种形式。how用于修饰形容词、副词或动词；what用于修饰名词。
1. How + 形容词（副词） + 主语 + 谓语。例如：
How beautiful the flower is! 这花多漂亮啊！
How fluently he speaks English! 他英语说得多流利啊！
2. How修饰动词，构成“How + 主语 + 谓语”句式。例如：
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！
[典型考题]
—You haven't been to Beijing, have you
—______. How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven't
C. No, I have D. No, I haven't
3. “How + 形容词（副词）”（省略主语和谓语）。
[典型考题]
—Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.
—______ I'm sure you had a wonderful time.
A．Sounds good! B．Very well.
C．How nice! D．All right.
4. What (a) + 名词。例如：
What fun! 多么有趣啊！
5. What (a) + （形容词）名词 + 主语 + 谓语。
[典型考题]
______ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
A. How interesting B. How an interesting
C. What interesting D. What an interesting
二、感叹句的其它句式
1. so， no wonder等引起的感叹句。
[典型考题]
① Happy birthday, Alice! So you have ______ twenty-one already!
A. become B. turned
C. grown D. passed
② —Brad was Jane's brother!
—______ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A. No doubt B. Above all
C. No wonder D. Of course
2. 陈述句式感叹句。例如：
There is danger ahead! 前面有危险。
[典型考题]
—It'll take at least 2 hours to do this!
—Oh, ______! I could do it in 30 minutes.
A. come on B. pardon me
C. you are right D. don' t mention it
3. 一般疑问句式感叹句。例如：
Would you believe it! 这事简直令人难以相信！
4. 特殊疑问句式感叹句。例如：
How can you be so silly! 你有多傻！
5. 祈使句式感叹句。例如：
Look out! Iceberg! 危险！冰山！
6. as if和if only引导的感叹句。例如：
As if he would ever go! 他才不会去呢！
If only the doctor arrives in time! 但愿医生能及时赶到！
7. 不定式感叹句。例如：To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire! 把这样一套西服卖给一个百万富翁！
五、祈使句
例1
I’ve never seen anyone run so fast— ____ David go.
A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched
例2
Mary, ____ here — everybody else, stay where you are.
A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming
六、反意疑问句
①部分特殊简单句的反意疑问句
A. 陈述句部分是I am...时，疑问部分用aren't I如：I am an American girl，
B. 陈述部分含有由否定前缀或后缀构成的词时，作肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定形式。如：
Tom is an unknown man,
C. 陈述部分含有never，nothing，hardly，little，few，no，seldom，nobody，none，too…to，no one等表示否定意义的词或结构时，疑问部分用肯定形式，如：
He could hardly believe it,
There was little water in he bottle, was there
D. 陈述部分是there +be句型时，附加部分要用...there 如：
There is a cup of tea on the table， ，
E. 陈述部分为had better do something句式时，附加部分需要用had。如：
She'd better stay in bed these days，
F. 陈述部分的主语为动词不定式、动名词或从句时，
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes,
G. 陈述部分含有need或dare时，必须先区别它们是情态动词还是实义动词，然后再确定疑问部分的形式。例如：
You needn't go there now，
She needs a radio，
He dare not do it，
No one dared to go there，
H. 陈述部分主语为everybody，nobody，somebody，anybody，everyone等指代人的不定代词时，附加部分主语可以用he或者they。例如：
Someone rang you up just now, didn't he(they)
I. 当陈述部主语为everything，nothing，something，anything等不定代词时，附加部分主语要用“it”。例如：
Nothing is difficult, isn't it
J. 当neither…nor…，either…or…，both…and…，not only…but also…等连词连接并列的两个主语时，
疑问部分的主语常用复数代词。例如：
Neither you nor l am wrong，
Not only Tom but also Bob has gone there，
K. . must表示推测，作“一定、想必”之意解时，附加部分须根据must后的动词来确定，使用恰当的助动词。例如：
He must be late for school,
They must have waited here for a long time，
②祈使句的附加疑问句
A. 陈述部分是肯定祈使句时，疑问部分用will you或won't you。例如：
Close the door,
B. 陈述部分是否定祈使句时，疑问部分只能用will you。例如：
Don't read so loudly,
C. 陈述部分以let’s开头，包括说话者和听话者都在内，疑问部分只能用shall we。例如：
Let’s go swimming,
D. 陈述部分是以let us开头的祈使句时，疑问部分应用will you，此时不包括听话者在内，是表示征求意见的。例如：
Let us have lunch together,
③并列句的附加疑问句
并列句的附加疑问句应采取就近原则，与最后一个分句相一致。例如：
I help Lucy with her Chinese and she helps me with my English,
It rained heavily yesterday, so I didn’t go out to play,
④主从复合句的附加疑问句
A. 陈述部分是复合句时，疑问部分须与主句保持一致。例如：
He says his mother didn’t feel well,
You will visit the Great Wal1 if is fine tomorrow,
The children were sleeping when I knocked at the door,
B. 当陈述部分是I think，remember，believe，suppose，guess等主句后跟有that引导的宾语从句时
I believe he will pass the exam,
I don’t remember he likes dancing,
例1
We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ____
A. do you B . can we C. will you D. shall we
例2
Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette adverting on TV is illegal, ____
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
代词
数词
名词
名词化的词、词组或短语
动名词
动词不定式
从句
过去分词转化的形容词
PAGE
1