中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第五讲 数词与主谓一致
备考2023年中考英语三年中考两年模拟复习学案
一、数词
中考对数词的考查主要围绕基数词和序数词的用法、时刻表达法、年、月、日表达法、电话号码及编号、分数的表达法、百分数的表达法、加减乘除表示法、hundred、thousand、million、billion的用法。卷面中数词所占分值约为 2-3分左右，一般分布在单选、完形填空、翻译中。
二、主谓一致
主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一，从近年来中考的试题来看，中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空等。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
一、数词
一、基数词和序数词的构成规则
思维导图记知识点
主要掌握1-13及20、21等的序数词的形式，其它序数词都是在基数词末尾加-th，是有规律可循的。
one—first six—sixth eleven—eleventh
two—second seven—seventh twelve—twelfth
three—third eight—eighth thirteen—thirteenth
four—fourth nine—ninth twenty—twentieth
five—fifth ten—tenth twenty-one—twenty-first
thirty—thirtieth
另外，序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如：1st, 25th。
基数词记忆口诀：
基数词很容易，0至12词各异，单独记。13至19，以teen结尾不要丢；20至90，整十后面有个ty；几十几，也容易：先说几十，再说几，中间短杠“-”加上去。hundred是一百，
百内数字记心怀。几百几，挺容易：先说几百，再说几，中间and加上去。thousand是一千，
千内数字记心间。
序数词记忆口诀：
基变序，很容易，基后th跟上去，第一、二、三要牢记，因为它们是特殊的（first、second、third）。8去t，9去e；ve要用f替，5 和12记心里；y尾单词变ie，此类词都是整十的；上述变化要牢记，th后面跟上去。要变几十几，也是很容易：只变个位就可以。
二、时刻表达法。
思维导图记知识点
表示时刻有两种说法：?
1) 先说分钟，后说钟点。几点过几分，分钟不超过三十分钟时用past。例如：
It’s five past eight now. 现在是八点（过）五分。?
几点差几分或差几分几点，差的分钟数不超过二十九分钟时,用to。例如：
It’s twenty-nine to eight. 八点差二十九分。
It’s a quarter to eight. 差一刻八点。
2)先说钟点，后说分钟。在日常生活中，为了简便，常用这种说法。例如：
It’s eight thirty. 八点三十分。
三、年、月、日表达法?
思维导图记知识点
年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。如：1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine；2000读作twenty hundred，或two thousand。
表示在哪一年，一般在年份前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。如：in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年。但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。
2）在哪个月用介词in加月份词表示。例如：in May在五月。
3）日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要用介词on。例如：
National Day is on Oct. 1. (=National Day is on the 1st of October．) 国庆节是十月一日。
4）美国英语的月份在日期前面, 如：2008年8月3日表达为August 3, 2008；英国英语的习惯是日在月前, 如：3 August 2008或3rd August 2008.
四、电话号码及编号。
编号既可以用序数词，也可用基数词。例如：? the first lesson -- Lesson One 第一课?
the fiftieth page -- page 50第五十页?
有的编号习惯上常用基数词。例如：? Room 829 (读作eight two nine) 829号房间 ?
Tel. No. 2793586 (读作Telephone number two seven nine three five eight six)
五、分数的表达法
分数由基数词和序数词合成。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1 时，分母用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。例如：1/3 → one third；2/3 → two thirds
六、加减乘除表示法。
思维导图记知识点
1)“加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。
1+2= 可表示为：How much is one plus two
If we add one to/and two, we get three．一加二等于三。
2）“减”用 minus表示。
10－6＝ How much is ten minus six
Take six from ten and the remainder is four. 十减去六等于四。
3） “乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示。
3X7＝ How much is three times seven
Three multiplied by seven makes twenty-one．三乘以七等于二十一。
4） “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示。
12 ÷ 4= How much is twelve divided by four
Twelve divided by four equals/gives/makes three．十二除以四等于三。
二、主谓一致
思维导图记知识
主谓一致概述：
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则
(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：
Is everybody ready
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shoes I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
(2)有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：
Who is your brother
Who are League members
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
What she said is correct.
What she left me are a few old books.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
3. 邻近一致的原则
(1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
(3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
He as well as I is responsible for it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
(4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here is a letter and some books for you.
1．（2020·四川资阳·中考真题）The Yangtze River is ________ longest river in the world.
A．three B．third C．the three D．the third
【答案】D
【详解】句意：长江是世界第三长河。
考查序数词。此处表示顺序，用序数词，third表示“第三”，前面需加定冠词the。故选D。
2．（2020·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）— How old is your daughter, Mr. Brown
— ________. We had a special party for her ________ birthday last Friday.
A．Twelve; twelfth B．Twelfth; twelve C．Twelve; twelve D．Twelfth; twelfth
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——布朗先生，你的女儿几岁？——12岁。上周五我们为她举办了一个特殊的12岁生日派对。
考查基数词和序数词。twelve十二；twelfth第十二。根据“How old is your daughter”可知回答年龄用基数词表示；第二空指的是“第十二岁的生日”，用序数词。故选A。
3．（2020·广西河池·中考真题）—I have three soft toys in the living room and twelve in my bedroom.
—Oh dear! So you have________ soft toys!
A．three B．nine C．fifteen D．thirty-six
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——在客厅里我有三个毛绒玩具，在卧室里有十二个。——哦天哪！所以你有十五个毛绒玩具！
考查数词。three三；nine九；fifteen十五；thirty-six三十六。根据句意“three soft toys in the living room and twelve in my bedroom”可知，一共是十五个毛绒玩具。故选C。
4．（2020·西藏·中考真题）The new bridge is ________ metres long.
A．six hundred, fifty and five B．six hundreds and fifty-five
C．six hundred, fifty-five D．six hundred and fifty-five
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这座新桥655米长。
考查基数词的表达。101—999的表示法：先说“几百”，后接and，再加末尾两位数(或末位数)，排除A和C；具体的数字修饰“百”，“百”后不能加s，排除B，故选D。
5．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. It is over eight ________ meters high.
A．thousands of B．thousand of C．thousands D．thousand
【答案】D
【详解】句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。它有8000多米高。
考查大数表达。如果thousand前面有数字，就用“数字+thousand”，表确切数字。thousands of“成千上万的”，表概数。根据空前有具体数字，可知用thousand。故选D。
6．（2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）The Communist Party of China is 100 years old this year. We will celebrate her ________ birthday on July 1st.
A．hundred B．the hundred C．hundredth D．the hundredth
【答案】C
【详解】句意：中国共产党今年已经100岁了。我们将在7月1日庆祝她的百岁生日。
考查数词。hundred百，基数词；hundredth百，序数词；空处修饰其后的名词birthday，表示“第一百岁生日”，应用序数词修饰，排除A/B选项，空格前有her修饰，所以此处的序数词前不用加定冠词，故选C。
7．（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）—I like number “9” best, because I think it stands for “long lasting”.
—Me too. So I chose ________ floor to live on.
A．nine B．ninth C．the ninth D．nineteen
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我最喜欢数字“9”，因为我认为它代表“持久”。——我也是。所以我选择住在九楼。
考查数词。nine九，基数词；ninth第九，序数词；the ninth第九，the+序数词；nineteen十九，基数词。根据“floor”可知此处表示第九层，用序数词ninth表顺序，其前加定冠词the。故选C。
8．（2022·西藏·中考真题）The ________ day of October is National Day.
A．one B．two C．first D．second
【答案】C
【详解】句意：十月一日是国庆节。
考查序数词的用法以及常识。one一，基数词；two二，基数词；first第一，序数词；second第二，序数词。根据“The … day of October”可知，此处指十月的第几天，用序数词表示顺序，排除A和B选项。结合选项10月1日是国庆节，故选C。
9．（2022·山东东营·中考真题）Dentist: Madam, twenty-five dollars for pulling your son’s tooth, please.
Madam: Twenty-five dollars! But you told me five dollars each patient.
Dentist: Yes. But your son cried so loud. He scared away (吓跑)________ other patients.
A．four B．five C．twenty D．twenty-five
【答案】A
【详解】句意：牙医：女士，给你儿子拔牙25美元。女士：二十五美元！但你告诉我每个病人五美元。牙医：是的。但你儿子哭得那么大声。他吓跑了另外四个病人。
考查数词。four四；five五；twenty二十；twenty-five二十五。根据“twenty-five dollars for pulling your son’s tooth”以及“But you told me five dollars each patient.”可知，每个病人拔牙5美元，但是现在要交25美元，除去自己的费用，要多交四个人的费用，所以是吓跑了四个人，故选A。
10．（2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—Did you watch the second “Tiangong lecture” (天宫课堂) on March 23, 2022
—Yes, about two ________ students in our school watched it.
A．thousand B．thousands of C．million D．millions of
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你看了2022年3月23日的第二场“天宫课堂”吗？——是的，我们学校大约有两千名学生观看了。
考查数词的用法。thousand千；million百万。表示具体数量时，用“数词+thousand/million”；表示概数时，用“thousands/millions of”。空前有具体数词，可排除BD选项；再根据“in our school watched it.”和常识可知，在学校应是大约两千学生观看。故选A。
11．（2022·山东济南·中考真题）The couple have two kids. They are happy that they’ll have the ________ one soon.
A．first B．second C．third D．fourth
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这对夫妇有两个孩子。他们很高兴很快就有第三个孩子。
考查序数词。first第一；second第二；third第三；fourth第四。根据“The couple have two kids.”及“soon”可知，这对夫妇已经有两个孩子，再有一个孩子应该是第三个。故选C。
12．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）Nowadays, ________ birds fly to the warm south in winter.
A．million B．millions C．two millions D．millions of
【答案】D
【详解】句意：现在，数百万只鸟冬天就飞往温暖的南方。
考查基数词。million前面要用具体数字，不用复数, 即“数字+million+名词复数”；“millions of+名词复数”表示“数百万……”，表示笼统数字，即前面不加具体数字。birds为复数名词，在此泛指“几百万只鸟”，应用millions of。故选D。
13．（2020·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Be quiet, please. They _________ a meeting now.
A．have B．had C．are having D．were having
【答案】C
【详解】句意：请保持安静。他们现在正在开会。
考查动词时态辨析。now现在，是现在进行时的标志，需用be doing结构；主语students复数人称，be动词用are，故选C。
14．（2020·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）The photo________ taken by my classmate last week is very nice.
A．which were B．that is C．that were D．which was
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我同学上周拍的这张照片非常漂亮。
考查定语从句和时态。根据“last week”可知，此处用一般过去时，排除B项，此处定语从句缺少主语，引导词作主语，因此定语从句的谓语根据先行词来判断，先行词the photo是第三人称单数，定语从句的谓语用第三人称单数形式，故选D。
15．（2020·广西贺州·中考真题）—Who can take part in our school singing competition
—________ Lucy ________ Lily are OK. They’re good at singing.
A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Not only; but also D．Both; and
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——谁能参加我们学校的歌唱比赛？——露西和莉莉都很好。她们擅长唱歌。
考查连词辨析。either ... or ... 要么……要么……；neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……；not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且……；both ... and ... ……和……都。根据“They’re good at singing.”可知两人都擅长唱歌，结合be动词“are”可知用Both ... and ...符合语境。故选D。
16．（2020·广西河池·中考真题）—Where is Mr. Smith
—He isn't here. He ________Shanghai.
A．has gone to B．has been to
C．have gone to D．have been to
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——史密斯先生在哪？——他不在这里，他去了上海。
考查现在完成时。have/has been to表示曾经去过某地（已回）；have/has gone to表示已经去了某地（未回）。根据“He isn't here”可知他不在这里，已经去了上海；主语“he”是第三人称单数，谓语用现在完成时的结构has gone to。故选A。
17．（2021·四川巴中·中考真题）—Amazing! Tom got the best grade in the test last week.
—Nothing ________ impossible. He studies really hard this term.
A．is B．are C．have D．has
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——太令人惊讶了！汤姆在上周的考试中得了最高分。——没有什么是不可能的。他这学期学习非常努力。
考查动词辨析。is是，主语是第三人称单数；are是，主语是第二人称，第一、三人称复数；have有；has有，第三人称单数形式。根据“impossible”可知，此处是形容词作表语，空前应该是be动词，且主语是不定代词，be动词用is，故选A。
18．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题） A number of wild elephants are moving towards the north in Yunnan Province.
A．Few B．Several C．Little D．Much
【答案】B
【详解】句意：许多野生大象正在云南向北迁移。
考查不定代词辨析。Few“几乎没有”，后跟可数名词，表示否定含义；Several几个，数个；Little“几乎没有”，后跟不可数名词，表示否定含义；Much“许多”，修饰不可数名词。此处a number of表示“许多”，修饰可数名词复数，与Several意思相近。故选B。
19．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Some people think one of the most useful inventions ________ the smartphone.
A．are B．is C．were D．be
【答案】B
【详解】句意：有些人认为最有用的发明之一是智能手机。
考查主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，该句中think后跟了一个宾语从句，从句中主语为“one of the most useful inventions”，根据语法一致原则，谓语动词用单数，故选B。
20．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
【答案】C
【详解】句意：Sandy和Millie都对烹饪感兴趣。他们经常在周末学习做饭。
考查主谓一致。both…and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，be interested in doing sth“对做某事感兴趣”，此空应填be的复数形式are，故选C。
21．（2022·西藏·中考真题）The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four.
A．be B．is C．are D．am
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们班的学生人数是五十四人。
考查主谓一致。The number of“……的数量”，在句中充当主语时，表示的是一个整体，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式is。故选B。
22．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger.
A．is; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在我们学校的图书馆里，有许多关于艺术的书。 书的数量还在越来越多。
考查主谓一致。根据“a number of books”可知，表复数概念，故第一空填are。the number of表示“……的数量”，修饰主语，be动词用is，故选B。
23．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Neither Saturday nor Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these two days.
A．are B．is C．am D．be
【答案】B
【详解】句意：星期六和星期天都不行，因为这两天我会很忙。
考查主谓一致。neither…nor遵循“就近原则”，be动词用离其最近的主语Sunday保持一致，故此空应填is，故选B。
24．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others.
—That’s right.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——与他人一起吃饭时，使用公用筷子是必要的。——确实如此。
考查主谓一致以及动词时态。此处阐述的是使用公筷的必要性，句子用一般现在时，动名词作主语，be动词用is，故选A。
25．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室三模）________ of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.
A．Thirds four B．Threes fourth C．Three quarter D．Three quarters
【答案】D
【详解】句意：世界上四分之三的书籍和报纸都是用英语写的。
考查分数的表达。表达分数时，分子用基数词，且不能用复数，排除A、B，分母用序数词；表示“四分之三”用“three quarters”。故选D。
26．（2021·辽宁沈阳·二模）—There are sixty students in our class. And _________ of us are boys.
—Wow! You have thirty-six girls.
A．two thirds B．two fifths C．one third D．one fourth
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我们班有六十个学生。 我们五分之二是男孩。——哇！ 你有三十六个女孩。
数字运算。two thirds 三分之二；two fifths 五分之二；one third三分之一；one fourth四分之一。根据“There are sixty students in our class.”以及“You have thirty-six girls.”可推知，女孩占班级人数的五分之三，那么男孩就占班级人数的五分之二。故选B。
27．（2021·广西·平乐县教育局教研室二模）The environment here becomes better and better. ________ birds are coming back.
A．Thousands of B．Thousand of C．Thousands
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这里的环境越来越好。成千上万的鸟回来了。
考查thousand的用法。thousand“千”，当前面有数词时，用单数，即“数词+thousand”表示“几千”；当和of连用时，用复数，即“thousands of”表示“成千上万的”，由空前没有数词可知，应该用thousands of，故选A。
28．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）— The Communist Party of China will celebrate her ________ birthday this year.
— That’s really exciting.
A．one hundreds B．one hundredth C．one hundred
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——今年中国共产党将庆祝她的100岁生日。——那太令人兴奋了。
考查数词用法。one hundreds表达错误；one hundredth第一百，序数词；one hundred一百，基数词。根据“celebrate her...birthday this year”可知，此处需要用序数词，表达“第100个生日”。故选B。
29．（2021·辽宁·丹东市第十七中学二模）—Dad, Could you tell me ________
—Well, it’s large and full of water. It covers about ________ of the earth.
A．how the sea is; one third B．what the sea is like; three quarters
C．how’s the sea; three-fourth D．what the sea is like; three quarter
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——爸爸，你能告诉我大海是什么样子吗？——嗯，它很大而且充满了水。它覆盖了大约地球的四分之三。
考查宾语从句和分数表达法。how the sea is大海怎么样，陈述语序；what the sea is like大海是什么样子，陈述语序；how’s the sea大海怎么样，疑问语序。根据句子结构可知，空一处的句子是宾语从句，故应用陈述语序，故排除C项；根据答语“Well, it’s large and full of water.”可知，应是问“大海是什么样子”，故排除A项；分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于一时，分母加s，故“四分之一”可表达为：one fourth/a quarter/one quarter，故“四分之三”应表达为three quarters，故排除D项。故选B。
30．（2022·青海·治多县第二民族寄宿中学模拟预测）In her ________, she wrote many famous novels and won a big prize.
A．thirty B．thirties C．thirtieth
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在她三十多岁的时候，她写了许多著名的小说，并赢得了大奖。
考查年龄表达法。thirty三十；thirties三十，名词复数；thirtieth第三十。表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄，用“in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数”来表达。故选B。
31．（2022·江苏连云港·模拟预测）Ten years later, China’s Qieyang Shijie finally got the Olympic gold medal(奖牌). She came ________ in the women’s 20km race walk at the London 2012 Olympics.
A．the thirds B．third C．three D．the three
【答案】B
【详解】句意：十年后，中国的切阳什姐终于拿到了奥运金牌。 在 2012 年伦敦奥运会上，她在女子 20 公里竞走中获得第三名。
考查序数词的用法。根据“She came...in the women’s 20km race walk”可知，此处是指比赛的名次。come third意为“排在第三位”。故选B。
32．（2022·山东·无棣县教育科学研究中心二模）—________ people prefer HUAWEI phones, and about ________ of them are adults.
—Yes. HUAWEI is very popular nowadays.
A．The number of; four-fifths B．A number of; four-fifth
C．A number of; four-fifths D．The number of; four-five
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——许多人更喜欢华为手机，其中约五分之四是成年人。——对。华为现在很受欢迎。
考查a number of和分数。a number of许多；the number of……数量；分数应该使用基数词作为分子，序数词作为分母，当分子大于或等于二时，序数词要加“s”。根据“people prefer HUAWEI phones”可知，应该表示“许多人喜欢华为手机”，所以第一空应该使用“a number of”；根据分数的表达可知，4/5应该表示“four-fifths”。故选C。
33．（2022·山东·阳信县教育科学研究中心一模）The cake is delicious. Could you give me ________ one
A．other B．the other C．another D．others
【答案】C
【详解】句意：蛋糕很好吃。请再给我一个好吗？
考查不定代词辨析。other其他的；the other两者之中的另一个；another又一个，再；others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。此处表示“再给我一个”。故选C。
34．（2022·湖北咸宁·模拟预测）The number of the cars in our neighbourhood ________ about eight ________.
A．is; hundred B．are; hundred C．is; hundreds D．are; hundreds
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们附近的汽车数量大约有八百辆。
考查be动词和数词的用法。the number of表示“……的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词要用单数is。因此排除B、D选项。hundred前面有基数词时，用单数来表示具体数字，因此C不正确。故选A。
35．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室三模）Not only Jenny’s parents but also her brother ________ London. They will come back in a month.
A．has been to B．have been to C．has gone to D．have gone to
【答案】C
【详解】句意：不仅珍妮的父母去了伦敦，而且她的哥哥也去了。他们将在一个月后回来。
考查have been to/have gone to区别。have been to去过某地（已经回来）；have gone to去了某地（还没回来）。根据“Not only Jenny’s parents but also her brother”可知，遵循就近原则，助动词用has；再者根据“They will come back in a month.”可知，去了伦敦还没有回来；故选C。
36．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室二模）________ the young ________ the old are getting interested in WeChat.
A．Not only; but also B．Neither; nor C．Not; but D．Either; or
【答案】A
【详解】句意：不仅年轻人，而且老年人也对微信感兴趣。
考查连词辨析。Not only...but also“不仅……而且……”；Neither...nor“既不……也不……”；Not...but“不是……而是……”；Either...or“要么……要么……”。根据“are”可知主语是the old“老人”，所以可推出谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，再结合语境可知此处指的是不仅年轻人，而且老年人也对微信感兴趣，Not only...but also符合，故选A。
37．（2021·山东青岛·一模）Tea ________ in many different areas in China.
A．is planting B．are grown C．is produced D．are picking
【答案】C
【详解】句意：中国的许多不同地区都生产茶。
考查被动语态和主谓一致。句子主语是不可数名词“tea”，故be动词用is，排除BD；且主语“tea”和动词“plant”或“produce”都是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选C。
38．（2021·山东青岛·一模）John ________ photos with his classmates when it began to rain heavily.
A．were reading B．was taking C．is buying D．are cleaning
【答案】B
【详解】句意：开始下大雨时，约翰正在和他的同学们合影。
考查过去进行时和主谓一致。根据“when it began to rain heavily.”可知下雨的时候正在做某事，用过去进行时was/were doing，排除CD；主语是“John”，be动词用was。故选B。
39．（2021·贵州毕节·二模）I hear there ________ a new middle school in Guiyang next year.
A．will have B．is going to be
C．is going to have D．are going to be
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我听说明年贵阳将有一个新的中学。
考查一般将来时。will have将会有；is going to be将会有；is going to have将会有；are going to have将会有。根据“there”可知，空处考查there be的一般将来时，结合后文“a new middle school”可知是单数，故be动词用“is”，故空处填写is going to be或will be。故选B。
40．（2022·陕西·无一模）________ the teachers in our school is more than one hundred, and ________ of them are women teachers.
A．A number of; three fourth B．A number of; three fourths
C．The number of; three quarter D．The number of; three quarters
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们学校的教师人数有一百多人，其中四分之三是女教师。
考查短语辨析及分数表达。A number of许多，修饰可数名词复数；The number of……的数量。根据“is more than one hundred”可知，此处指学校老师的数量，故排除A和B选项。quarter“四分之一”，其前基数词大于1时，用其复数形式。故选D。
41．（2022·重庆江津·一模）The movie THE BATTLE AT LAKE CHANGJIN is ________ a documentary ________ a comedy. It’s a war movie.
A．neither; nor B．either; or
C．not only; but also D．both; and
【答案】A
【详解】句意：电影《长津湖》既不是纪录片，也不是喜剧片。它是战争片。
考查连词辨析。neither...nor...既不……也不……；either...or...或者……或者……；not only...but also...不但……而且……；both...and...两者都……。根据“It’s a war movie”可知，《长津湖战役》是战争片，故它既不是纪录片，也不是喜剧片。故选A。
42．（2022·江苏·常州市武进区星辰实验学校二模）—In fact, everyone has a lamp in himself.
—We should light it actively ________ for others, ________ for ourselves!
A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．not; but
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——事实上，每个人心中都有一盏灯。——我们不仅应该为他人，也应该为自己积极地点亮它！
考查连词辨析。either…or或者……或者；neither…nor既不……也不；not only…but also不仅……而且；not…but不是……而是。根据“We should light it actively…for others, …for ourselves!”可知，我们不仅要为他人，也要为自己点亮心中的灯。故选C。
43．（2022·甘肃平凉·二模）My sister with my parents ________ dumplings from seven to nine last night.
A．was making B．are making
C．is making D．were making
【答案】A
【详解】句意：昨晚从七点到九点，我妹妹和我父母正在包饺子。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“from seven to nine last night”可确定句子为过去进行时态，其构成是was/were+doing；根据“My sister with my parents”可知，句子的真正主语是My sister，故be动词使用was。故选A。
44．（2022·江苏连云港·模拟预测）—Wow, how clean and tidy our streets are now.
—Don’t you know that Mr. Zhang, together with other cleaners ________
A．tidies them up B．tidied them up
C．have tidied them up D．has tidied them up
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——哇，我们的街道现在多么干净整洁。——难道你不知道张先生和其他清洁工一起把它们整理好了吗？
考查动词时态及主谓一致。根据“how clean and tidy our streets are now”可知，街道现在是干净整洁的，即过去清洁街道的动作对现在产生了影响，故为现在完成时态，结构是have/has done。together with遵循“就远原则”，即助动词应与第三人称单数Mr. Zhang保持一致，用has。故选D。
考点分析
知识梳理
三年中考真题
两年模拟演练
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第五讲 数词与主谓一致
备考2023年中考英语三年中考两年模拟复习学案
一、数词
中考对数词的考查主要围绕基数词和序数词的用法、时刻表达法、年、月、日表达法、电话号码及编号、分数的表达法、百分数的表达法、加减乘除表示法、hundred、thousand、million、billion的用法。卷面中数词所占分值约为 2-3分左右，一般分布在单选、完形填空、翻译中。
二、主谓一致
主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一，从近年来中考的试题来看，中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空等。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
一、数词
一、基数词和序数词的构成规则
思维导图记知识点
主要掌握1-13及20、21等的序数词的形式，其它序数词都是在基数词末尾加-th，是有规律可循的。
one—first six—sixth eleven—eleventh
two—second seven—seventh twelve—twelfth
three—third eight—eighth thirteen—thirteenth
four—fourth nine—ninth twenty—twentieth
five—fifth ten—tenth twenty-one—twenty-first
thirty—thirtieth
另外，序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如：1st, 25th。
基数词记忆口诀：
基数词很容易，0至12词各异，单独记。13至19，以teen结尾不要丢；20至90，整十后面有个ty；几十几，也容易：先说几十，再说几，中间短杠“-”加上去。hundred是一百，
百内数字记心怀。几百几，挺容易：先说几百，再说几，中间and加上去。thousand是一千，
千内数字记心间。
序数词记忆口诀：
基变序，很容易，基后th跟上去，第一、二、三要牢记，因为它们是特殊的（first、second、third）。8去t，9去e；ve要用f替，5 和12记心里；y尾单词变ie，此类词都是整十的；上述变化要牢记，th后面跟上去。要变几十几，也是很容易：只变个位就可以。
二、时刻表达法。
思维导图记知识点
表示时刻有两种说法：?
1) 先说分钟，后说钟点。几点过几分，分钟不超过三十分钟时用past。例如：
It’s five past eight now. 现在是八点（过）五分。?
几点差几分或差几分几点，差的分钟数不超过二十九分钟时,用to。例如：
It’s twenty-nine to eight. 八点差二十九分。
It’s a quarter to eight. 差一刻八点。
2)先说钟点，后说分钟。在日常生活中，为了简便，常用这种说法。例如：
It’s eight thirty. 八点三十分。
三、年、月、日表达法?
思维导图记知识点
年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。如：1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine；2000读作twenty hundred，或two thousand。
表示在哪一年，一般在年份前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。如：in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年。但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。
2）在哪个月用介词in加月份词表示。例如：in May在五月。
3）日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要用介词on。例如：
National Day is on Oct. 1. (=National Day is on the 1st of October．) 国庆节是十月一日。
4）美国英语的月份在日期前面, 如：2008年8月3日表达为August 3, 2008；英国英语的习惯是日在月前, 如：3 August 2008或3rd August 2008.
四、电话号码及编号。
编号既可以用序数词，也可用基数词。例如：? the first lesson -- Lesson One 第一课?
the fiftieth page -- page 50第五十页?
有的编号习惯上常用基数词。例如：? Room 829 (读作eight two nine) 829号房间 ?
Tel. No. 2793586 (读作Telephone number two seven nine three five eight six)
五、分数的表达法
分数由基数词和序数词合成。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1 时，分母用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。例如：1/3 → one third；2/3 → two thirds
六、加减乘除表示法。
思维导图记知识点
1)“加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。
1+2= 可表示为：How much is one plus two
If we add one to/and two, we get three．一加二等于三。
2）“减”用 minus表示。
10－6＝ How much is ten minus six
Take six from ten and the remainder is four. 十减去六等于四。
3） “乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示。
3X7＝ How much is three times seven
Three multiplied by seven makes twenty-one．三乘以七等于二十一。
4） “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示。
12 ÷ 4= How much is twelve divided by four
Twelve divided by four equals/gives/makes three．十二除以四等于三。
二、主谓一致
思维导图记知识
主谓一致概述：
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则
(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：
Is everybody ready
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shoes I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
(2)有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：
Who is your brother
Who are League members
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
What she said is correct.
What she left me are a few old books.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
3. 邻近一致的原则
(1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
(3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
He as well as I is responsible for it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
(4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here is a letter and some books for you.
1．（2020·四川资阳·中考真题）The Yangtze River is ________ longest river in the world.
A．three B．third C．the three D．the third
2．（2020·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）— How old is your daughter, Mr. Brown
— ________. We had a special party for her ________ birthday last Friday.
A．Twelve; twelfth B．Twelfth; twelve C．Twelve; twelve D．Twelfth; twelfth
3．（2020·广西河池·中考真题）—I have three soft toys in the living room and twelve in my bedroom.
—Oh dear! So you have________ soft toys!
A．three B．nine C．fifteen D．thirty-six
4．（2020·西藏·中考真题）The new bridge is ________ metres long.
A．six hundred, fifty and five B．six hundreds and fifty-five
C．six hundred, fifty-five D．six hundred and fifty-five
5．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. It is over eight ________ meters high.
A．thousands of B．thousand of C．thousands D．thousand
6．（2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）The Communist Party of China is 100 years old this year. We will celebrate her ________ birthday on July 1st.
A．hundred B．the hundred C．hundredth D．the hundredth
7．（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）—I like number “9” best, because I think it stands for “long lasting”.
—Me too. So I chose ________ floor to live on.
A．nine B．ninth C．the ninth D．nineteen
8．（2022·西藏·中考真题）The ________ day of October is National Day.
A．one B．two C．first D．second
9．（2022·山东东营·中考真题）Dentist: Madam, twenty-five dollars for pulling your son’s tooth, please.
Madam: Twenty-five dollars! But you told me five dollars each patient.
Dentist: Yes. But your son cried so loud. He scared away (吓跑)________ other patients.
A．four B．five C．twenty D．twenty-five
10．（2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—Did you watch the second “Tiangong lecture” (天宫课堂) on March 23, 2022
—Yes, about two ________ students in our school watched it.
A．thousand B．thousands of C．million D．millions of
11．（2022·山东济南·中考真题）The couple have two kids. They are happy that they’ll have the ________ one soon.
A．first B．second C．third D．fourth
12．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）Nowadays, ________ birds fly to the warm south in winter.
A．million B．millions C．two millions D．millions of
13．（2020·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Be quiet, please. They _________ a meeting now.
A．have B．had C．are having D．were having
14．（2020·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）The photo________ taken by my classmate last week is very nice.
A．which were B．that is C．that were D．which was
15．（2020·广西贺州·中考真题）—Who can take part in our school singing competition
—________ Lucy ________ Lily are OK. They’re good at singing.
A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Not only; but also D．Both; and
16．（2020·广西河池·中考真题）—Where is Mr. Smith
—He isn't here. He ________Shanghai.
A．has gone to B．has been to
C．have gone to D．have been to
17．（2021·四川巴中·中考真题）—Amazing! Tom got the best grade in the test last week.
—Nothing ________ impossible. He studies really hard this term.
A．is B．are C．have D．has
18．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题） A number of wild elephants are moving towards the north in Yunnan Province.
A．Few B．Several C．Little D．Much
19．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Some people think one of the most useful inventions ________ the smartphone.
A．are B．is C．were D．be
20．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
21．（2022·西藏·中考真题）The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four.
A．be B．is C．are D．am
22．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger.
A．is; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are
23．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Neither Saturday nor Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these two days.
A．are B．is C．am D．be
24．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others.
—That’s right.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
25．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室三模）________ of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.
A．Thirds four B．Threes fourth C．Three quarter D．Three quarters
26．（2021·辽宁沈阳·二模）—There are sixty students in our class. And _________ of us are boys.
—Wow! You have thirty-six girls.
A．two thirds B．two fifths C．one third D．one fourth
27．（2021·广西·平乐县教育局教研室二模）The environment here becomes better and better. ________ birds are coming back.
A．Thousands of B．Thousand of C．Thousands
28．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）— The Communist Party of China will celebrate her ________ birthday this year.
— That’s really exciting.
A．one hundreds B．one hundredth C．one hundred
29．（2021·辽宁·丹东市第十七中学二模）—Dad, Could you tell me ________
—Well, it’s large and full of water. It covers about ________ of the earth.
A．how the sea is; one third B．what the sea is like; three quarters
C．how’s the sea; three-fourth D．what the sea is like; three quarter
30．（2022·青海·治多县第二民族寄宿中学模拟预测）In her ________, she wrote many famous novels and won a big prize.
A．thirty B．thirties C．thirtieth
31．（2022·江苏连云港·模拟预测）Ten years later, China’s Qieyang Shijie finally got the Olympic gold medal(奖牌). She came ________ in the women’s 20km race walk at the London 2012 Olympics.
A．the thirds B．third C．three D．the three
32．（2022·山东·无棣县教育科学研究中心二模）—________ people prefer HUAWEI phones, and about ________ of them are adults.
—Yes. HUAWEI is very popular nowadays.
A．The number of; four-fifths B．A number of; four-fifth
C．A number of; four-fifths D．The number of; four-five
33．（2022·山东·阳信县教育科学研究中心一模）The cake is delicious. Could you give me ________ one
A．other B．the other C．another D．others
34．（2022·湖北咸宁·模拟预测）The number of the cars in our neighbourhood ________ about eight ________.
A．is; hundred B．are; hundred C．is; hundreds D．are; hundreds
35．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室三模）Not only Jenny’s parents but also her brother ________ London. They will come back in a month.
A．has been to B．have been to C．has gone to D．have gone to
36．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室二模）________ the young ________ the old are getting interested in WeChat.
A．Not only; but also B．Neither; nor C．Not; but D．Either; or
37．（2021·山东青岛·一模）Tea ________ in many different areas in China.
A．is planting B．are grown C．is produced D．are picking
38．（2021·山东青岛·一模）John ________ photos with his classmates when it began to rain heavily.
A．were reading B．was taking C．is buying D．are cleaning
39．（2021·贵州毕节·二模）I hear there ________ a new middle school in Guiyang next year.
A．will have B．is going to be
C．is going to have D．are going to be
40．（2022·陕西·无一模）________ the teachers in our school is more than one hundred, and ________ of them are women teachers.
A．A number of; three fourth B．A number of; three fourths
C．The number of; three quarter D．The number of; three quarters
41．（2022·重庆江津·一模）The movie THE BATTLE AT LAKE CHANGJIN is ________ a documentary ________ a comedy. It’s a war movie.
A．neither; nor B．either; or
C．not only; but also D．both; and
42．（2022·江苏·常州市武进区星辰实验学校二模）—In fact, everyone has a lamp in himself.
—We should light it actively ________ for others, ________ for ourselves!
A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．not; but
43．（2022·甘肃平凉·二模）My sister with my parents ________ dumplings from seven to nine last night.
A．was making B．are making
C．is making D．were making
44．（2022·江苏连云港·模拟预测）—Wow, how clean and tidy our streets are now.
—Don’t you know that Mr. Zhang, together with other cleaners ________
A．tidies them up B．tidied them up
C．have tidied them up D．has tidied them up
考点分析
知识梳理
三年中考真题
两年模拟演练
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