2023届高考英语语法：句子成分定语从句名词性从句状语从句详解学案（答案不全）

句子成分
一． 动词基本分类：
1.实义动词包括及物（vt）和不及物 (vi)
vt 直接带宾语 He likes English. Vi 不需带宾语 Did he come yesterday 若要带宾语中间需加介词 He arrived at the airport .
2. 连系动词 如：be/ look/sound/keep/taste/smell/taste/seem/become/turn/remain (依然)…
3. 助动词：本身无意义，要与实义动词组成谓语。如：do/does/will/would/have/has
He has gone to Beijing. He will leave for Beijing.
4情态动词： can/could/ may/might…
二． 副词一般修饰动词/形容词/副词
基本分类：1 时间副词 now/ago/once/already…
2 地点副词 here/downstairs/back /outside/ off…
3 方式副词 carefully/fast/suddenly…
4 程度副词 almost/very/so/much/deeply…
5 频度副词 always/ usually/sometimes…
三． 句子成分：构成句子的各个部分。
A． 主语- 可由以下表示：
1． 名词： American music has become more and more popular.
2． 代词：Who is the man standing over there
3． 数词：One-third of the students are girls.
4． 不定式：To swim in the river is a great pleasure.= It is a great pleasure to swim in the river (It 是形式主语)
5． 动名词：Smoking does harm to the health.
6． 从句： When we are going to have the test is clear.
B. 谓语在句中一般由动词充当
1.He practices running every morning.
2.He has caught a cold.
3.We may keep the book for two weeks.
C. 表语一般位于系动词之后可由以下表示：
1． 代词：Is it yours/ It is mine.
2． 形容词：The weather has turned cold.
3． 分词：The teacher is pleased with my work.
4． 不定式： His job is to teach English.
5． 动名词：His hobby is playing football.
D. 宾语一般位于Vt 或 介词之后可由以下表示：
1． 名词： He is going to buy a dictionary.
2． 代词：We should learn from him.
3． 不定式： He decided not to see me.
4． 动名词：He practices running every morning.
分类：分为直接宾语（动作的承受者，通常指物）和间接宾语（动作所向的人或物，通常指人）
He sent me a present.=He sent a present to me. (me 间宾/ a present 直宾)
He bought her a map= He bought a map for her.
有些Vt 如：make/have/get/let/find/call/see/notice/hear/watch除了跟有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语来说明宾语的状态才能使句子完整。
E. 宾语补足语可由以下表示：
1． 名词：His father named him Dongming.
2． 形容词：They painted their house white.
3． 不定式：You mustn’t get him to lend your money./
We notice him enter the office.
4. 分词： I heard her singing this song.
I had/got my bicycle repaird.
5. 介词： Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.
F. 定语是修饰名词或代词的词或短语或从句
1． 形容词： a beautiful city
2． 分词： a developing country= a country which is developing / a fallen tree= a tree which has fallen
3． 代词： his progress
4． 不定式：He has a lot of work to finish. She has a chair to sit on
5． 从句： Those who will go to the park will meet at the gate.
G. 状语是修饰动词/形容词/副词,说明动作或状态的句子成分，在初中所学的范围一般由副词或一些短语表现。
They study hard.
He was so sad.
He speaks English quite well.
He go to school on foot
四．简单句的五个基本类型
*句子分为简单句\并列句\复合句
简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。
Both Tom and Jack enjoy music./ We sang and danced yesterday.
分类：1 主语+系动词+表语 She felt very happy.
2. 主语+Vi Winter is coming.
3. 主语+Vt+宾语 He began learning music.
4. 主语+Vt+双宾（间宾+直宾） He teaches us chemistry. She gave me a book.
5. 主语+Vt+宾语+宾补 He found the man dead./ He likes to watch the boys playing football.
五．并列句含有两个或更多的相互并列的主谓结构的句子，结构是：分句+并列连词+分句
1. 同等概念 and/not only…but also/ neither…nor…
The boy not only passed the exam, but also got the high scores.
= Not only did the boy pass the exam, but also got the high scores.
( Not only 开头的倒装句，前倒后不倒)
2. 选择 or/otherwise (否则)
Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. I must work much harder, otherwise I can’t catch up with the other classmates.
3. 转折 but /while(但,强调对比)/however（后面接逗号）…
One can’t see air, however, it does exist. Some experiments are difficult while others are easy.
4. 因果 so/for/therefore
I have to stay at home, for it is raining heavily outside.
It was raining, therefore we remained at home.
5. 条件 祈使句+ and +主语+will do
Work harder and you will succeed.= If you work harder, you will succeed.
One more time and I will do it better= If I am given one more time , I will do it better
Ex. 1.It is often said that the joy of traveling is _______in arriving at your destination ______in the journey itself.
A. /; but B. /;or C. not;or D. not; but
2. I thought we’d be later for the concert, ______we ended up getting there ahead of time.
A. but B. or C.so D. for
3. Help others whenever you can ______you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
A. and B. so C. but D. or
4. I’d like to study law at university _______my cousin prefers geography.
A. though B. as C. while D. for
5. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______his eyesight was beginning to fall.
A. and B. for C. but D. or
6. I grew up in Africa, ______at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
7. Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, ______the way they actually are.
A. as B. or C. but D. and
易混淆的it句型：
It is /has been 时间段 since sb. did sth. 某人自从以来，已有…
It will (not) be 时间段 before sb. do sth. 要过多久/不久…才…
It was 时间段 before sb. did sth 过了多久才…
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the situation.
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.
It will not be long before they understand each other.
It was 时间点 when sb. did sth. 当某人做时是…
It was 时间状语 that sb. did sth.
Read the following sentences and translate them.
It is (has been) 4 months since the Beijing Olympics opened.
It was 3 months since the Beijing Olympics had opened.
It will be 3 months before the Beijing Olympics open.
It was 3 months before the Beijing Olympics opened.
It was August when Beijing Olympics opened.
It was in August that Beijing Olympics opened.
定语从句
Guide to Grammar
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
She is the girl who can speak English very well.
先行词 关系词
A. 关系词--关系代词（who, whom, whose, which，that, as)关系副词（when ,where, why)
1 The woman is a teacher. The woman lives next door.
The woman who/that lives next door is a teacher.
2. Kevin is reading a book. The book is too difficult for him.
Kevin is reading a book which/that is too difficult for him.
3. The book is on the shelf. You bought the book last year.
The book (which/ that) you bought last year is on the shelf.
4. I met him on the street. That man is your brother.
That man (whom/who/that) I met on the street is your brother.
5. It is about a big white shark. It attacks swimmers .
It is about a big white shark which/that attacks swimmers.
Ex. 填入 who/ whom/ that/ which 并做成分分析
The boys __________are playing football are from Class One. ( 语)
The man ___________ you met just now is my teacher. ( )
Plane is a machine ___________ can fly. ( )
This is the pen _________ he bought yesterday. ( )
6. I know the doctor. His daughter studies abroad.
=I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.
7. Have you seen my book The book’s cover is red.
= Have you seen my book whose cover is red
Ex.
The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there.
I like the rooms ______windows face south.
This is the desk ______legs were broken.
关系代词指人和物时都用________, 表示先行词的所属关系,在定语从句中作定语,可理解为_________
8. This is the room./ Lu Xun once lived in the room.
= This is the room (that/which) Luxun once lived in.
=This is the room in which Luxun once lived.
9. The person is Mr.Li./ You just talked with him.
=This person is Mr.Li (that/who/whom) You just talked with.
=This person is Mr.Li with whom you just talked.
结论： 介词+ which/ whom, 放在从句之前；若放在从句之后，关系代词可省略。
Ex.
Do you know the person. I shook hands with that person.
There wasn’t a single person. She could turn to the person for help.
This is the book. I asked for the book.
* This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)
关系代词小结：
1. that可指人，可指物, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 前面不能加介词。）
2. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 若介词提前则不能省)
3. who指人, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 前面不能加介词。）
4. whom 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 若介词提前则不能省)
10. 只用that不用which的情况：
1 当先行词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等 All that can be done has been done.
I didn't want this recorder. I want the one that was borrowed yesterday.
2 先行词（指物的）被only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时 There's no difficulty that we can't overcome.
I've read all the books that can be borrowed here.This is the very movie that I want to see.
3 先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the first letter that I've written in English.
She is the most careful girl that I've ever known.
4 当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the people and places that they had visited.
5 当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the man that is waiting at the school gate
Which is the car that ran over a dog yesterday What did you see that made you so angry
Ex.
These are all the things______ I can get for you.
The only thing _______ I can do is to wait.
I can still remember the first toy ________ my mother bought for me.
They are the very things ________ make us interested.
We should care more about the people and the things ________ are around us.
注意划线部分的表达式
11.The school at which/where I studied for only two years was three km. away.
12. The parts of town in which/where they had to live were decided by white people.
13.The day on which/when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
14.However, this was a time during which/when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
15. Do you know the reason for which/why he was late
= Do you know the reason /He was late for the reason.
关系副词 when/ where/ why 小结；
时间 when = in/at/on/during which 地点 where = at/in/on which 原因 why = for which
1.when 在从句中作时间状语，先行词多为表时间的名词time,hour,morning,day,month等。
2.where在从句中作地点状语，先行词多为表地点的名词place,house,school,country等。
3.why 在从句中作原因状语，只跟在reason 后。
* 关系代词和关系副词的选择使用。取决于从句中的谓语动词。若及物动词后面无宾语，就要用关系代词；而不及物动词则要用关系副词。
*当定语从句中缺主，宾，表，定语时，用关系代词；如定语从句中缺状语时，应用关系副词。
Ex.
when, where, why or which
I always remember the days ____which/ that __________ we spent together.
I always remember the days _____when__________ we played together,
I always remember the days ________that/which_____ are my family’s birthday.
Is this the school ____where ________ you studied English ten years ago
Is this the school ___that/which_________ you visited ten years ago
The true reason ____why ___ he was late for school is not the reason __that/which _____ he just made up.
B. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1. 标点－限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。
My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor.
My cousin , whose father is a teacher , wants to be an actor.
2.功能－限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。
A. He is a man who I can ask for help.
B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
3. 先行词－限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个名词或代词，也可以是整个句子。
This is the house which we bought last month. (先行词为the house)
I bought this house, which made my family very shocked.(先行词为逗号前的整个句子，即我买房子这件事） 4. 关系词-that 不能引导非限制性定语从句
He failed in the exam, that made his mother angry. (which)
非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词小结：
先行词指人：用who, whom 引导
指事，物：用which, whose，as引导
指时间，地点：用when,where引导
非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略
My father, who is working in Shanghai, works very hard.
I arrived in Fuzhou, where I was born.
He will become an engineer, which makes me very happy.
As is expected, the England team won the football match.
The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
I bought a house, the window of which faces the south.
I have three brothers, one of whom is a student.
注：As常跟expect, see , think ,hope ,wish , know , guess等词搭配，
Ex.
That question was too hard to answer, __which____ cost me much time.
____AS__ we can guess from the way he speaks, he is from America.
He passed the exam, __as____ we had expected/hoped.
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, __which__, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
__As___ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom
Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
I have many friends, _______ some are businessmen.
A. of them B．from which C．who of D．of whom
By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ______ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which
C. 特殊用法
I like such students ___as___ you talked about.
Such things___as____ they did are not welcome.
Is he the same waiter ____as___ I saw yesterday
Is this the same dish ___as_____ I ate yesterday
as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) 如为限制性的，多用于the same …as；such …as …
This is the way __that/ in which ___________ I solve problems.
——————————————————————————-
There are dirty marks on her trousers ____ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which B. where C. how D. why
Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A. which B. as C. why D. where
It’s helpful to put children in a situation _________ they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
——————————————————————————————————————
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句. 分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
可分为三类：
连接词分为：
1.从属连词that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分 　
2.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。 　
3.连接副词：when, where, how, why 　
A．宾语从句
引导宾语从句的词有：
连词that(在口语中that常可省略,在宾语从句中不担任成分）if, whether
He knows that Jim will work hard.
连接代词who, whom, what等，在宾语从句中要担任成分
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for
连接副词when, where, how, why，在宾语从句中要担任成分
Could you tell me how we can get to the station
It 可以作为形式宾语， 而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾。
结构： make/find /believe / think + it + 宾补 + that 宾语从句
I find it hard that I learn English well.
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
B. 表语从句
1.The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.
2.The question remains whether we can win the people.
3.That’s just what I want.
* 热点先知：
Ex. Whether/ if
1.Please tell me __if /whether______you will go to the lecture tomorrow.
2. It all depends on ___whether____the sky will clear up.
3. The question is ___whether____the film is well worth seeing.
4. ___Whether____he will be well tomorrow I am not sure.
5.___Whether____it is true remains a problem.
小结：引导宾语从句，可用 __________; 介词后面要用 ________; 放在句首要用_________; 引导表语从句，主语从句要用________.
所引导的从句是否缺(主语, 表语,宾语) 汉语意义 能否省略
what 缺 什么; 所….的(东西/事情) 不能省略
that 不缺 无意义 引导宾语从句时可省略.
1. His mother is satisfied with ___what ____he has done.
2. ____That ___he was able to come made us happy.
3. This is ___what ____makes us interested.
4. The reason was ___that ____ Tod had never seen the million pound note before.
名词从句 让步状语从句
who 表 “谁” /
whoever 表”….” 的任何人= anyone who定语从句 表” 不论谁”= no matter who
what 表”什么” “所….的东西” /
whatever 表”…..的任何东西”=anything that定语从句 “无论什么”= no matter what
1. It was a matter of ____________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
2. ________studies hard will pass the examination.
A. Whoever B. Any student C. Who D. Those who
3. ___________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
4. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
5. — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game？ — Oh, that’s ____________.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
6. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
7.Could I speak to_________ is in charge of International Sales ,please
A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who
C．主语从句
That they should like each other is natural.
Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
Which side will win is not clear.
What parents say has an effect on their children.
Why he did it remains a mystery.
When they will start is not known yet.
How he became a great scientist is known to us all.
特殊位置：1）It + be + certain/ no wonder/a pity/ said/ reported + that 引导主语从句
她一定会在考试中表现良好。（do well in）
据报道，中国已经发射了又一颗人造卫星。
2) It seemed (happened, doesn’t matter, makes no difference意义不大) +主语从句
我们是否参加会议意义不大
恰巧他不在家。
D. 同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。
常跟的抽象名词有: fact/ idea/reason/ thought/order/ doubt/news/hope/ truth/belief
同位语从句与定语从句区别:
a. 同位语从句前面的名词只能是hope/ truth/belief 等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词。
Word came that he had been abroad. (同位语从句) All (that )he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句）
b. 引导词that引导定语从句时, 在从句中一般作主语或宾语 (指物时还可以用which代替), 并且作宾语时常常省略，同位语从句意义完整用that 引导，that 不充当任何成分, 并且不能省略, 也不能用which来代替，如:
The order that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句, 是对order的具体解释, that虽不作成分, 但不能省略)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。
(定语从句, 是名词order的修饰语, that在从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略)
状语从句
Guide to Grammar
一、时间状语从句
由when, while, before, after, since, until(till), as soon as, no sooner had ...than, hardly had ... when等引导
When it rains, the children will play indoors.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.=I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. = We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.
The moment/ The minute the bell rang, all the students stood at attention.
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
Each/Every time he came to town he would visit our school.
* 主语 + was/were doing had done was/were about to do … when …
I was having breakfast when the telephone rang. She had almost gone out of the town when she received a phone. The family was about to leave here when they received bad news.
二、地点状语从句
由where, wherever引导。
Make a mark where you have any questions. Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.
Where there is a will, there is a way. He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.
三、原因状语从句
由because , since , as , for , now that 等引导
As the weather was fine , we decided to climb the mountain.
Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧
★because, as, for , since 的区别
because 在回答why的问句时； You want to know why I’m leaving I’m leaving because I’m full.
for for对前一分句进行补充和解释。 It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）
as/since 表示已经知道的原因时用as或since, since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前。 Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”
四、结果状语从句
由hat, so that从句中不带情态动词, so…that或such…that引导。
He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much
= Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much
Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。
注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such +　名词 + that从句。
但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。
I have had so many falls that …
He has so few friends that …
I had so little money then that …
五、目的状语从句
由so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）,in case (以防)目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can, could, may, might, should连用
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.。
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。
六、条件状语从句
由if ,unless（除非=if …not ）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（条件是……）suppose（假设）supposing（假设）。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。
As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.
I won’t let you in unless you show me your pass = I won’t let you in if you don’t show me your pass.如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。
Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do
七、让步状语从句
由although/ though, however（无论怎样）,whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）,whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when) （无论……）, even if/even though（即使）等词引导。
We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。
It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.
那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although不能与 but连用)
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。
However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.
Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.
连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。如：
Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….
Child as he is= Though he is a child,
他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法)
though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：
It was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦但是我喜欢干
八、方式状语从句
由as，（just）as…so, as if (though)等引导。
Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。
She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气）
九、比较状语从句
由连接词as…as、than、not so…as…等引导。
The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。
常见句型：the +比较级，the +比较级
The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越开心。
热点先知：省略现象
有些状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）省略掉。
（1）连接词 + 过去分词
Don’t speak until spoken to.= Don’t speak until you are spoken to.
Pressure can be increased when needed.= Pressure can be increased when it is needed
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use. =Unless it is repaired, the washing machine is no use.
（2）连词 +　现在分词
Look out for cars when crossing the street(= when you are crossing …).
（3）连词 + 形容词/其他
常见的有if necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。
She hurriedly left the room as though /if angry (= as though/if she was /were angry…).
If possible, I’d like to have two copies if it (= if it is possible,…). 可能的话，我想要两本。
Ex. 仿照例句填空：
Although amber feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when heated.
= Although amber feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when it is heated.
Turn to him for help if necessary. =Turn to him for help if it is necessary.
1. ______Once seen____________________ (一旦见到), the beautiful scenery can be never forgotten.
2. I won’t attend their party ___even if invited ______________________. (即使被邀请).
3. I called on them _____while staying ___________________(逗留) in London.
5. ______When first introduced _____________ (当第一次介绍) to us, he looked shy.
用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：
1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things.
2. As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates.
3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.
4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.
5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.
6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
7. Where there is water, there is life.
8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.
9. Since you are very busy, I won't trouble you.
10. Even if (though) I fail. I’ll never lose heart.
11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.
12. I will find her wherever she may be.
13. Now that you've come, you'd better have dinner with us.
14. We must do everything as he tells us.
15. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.
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