课件59张PPT。Unit 4Body LanguagePeriod 1
Important words& expressions学习提纲:
话题 Body language：Cultural differences and intercultural communication(身体语言：文化差异和跨文化交际)
功能 1.Prohibition and warnings(禁令和警告) 2.Obligation(义务、责任)
语法 The v．-ing form as the Adverbial(动词的-ing形式作状语)
重点单词 statement，major，greet，represent，association，flight，curious，approach，defend，misunderstand，truly，false，anger，subjective，fun_ction，ease，rank，adult , dormitory, yawn, fault
hug, cassette重点短语
defend against，be likely to，in general，at ease，lose face，turn one's back to，be curious about sth.，major in，approach to (doing) sth.，watch/look out，on the contrary
重点句型
1.Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!
2. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch others.
不过，来自西班牙、意大利和南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会（用身体）接触对方。3.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Columbia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到的是来自哥伦比亚的Tony Garcia, 来自英国
的朱丽叶史密斯紧随其后。
4．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands， as if in defence.
她向后退着，看上去很吃惊，举起双手好像在防御。
5.Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接
触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。6. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
7.With so many cultural differences between people，it is great to have some similarities in body language.
人们间的文化差异非常多，但好在身体语言有一些相似之处。
8．How about showing that I am bored?
如何来表示我很厌烦呢？
9. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads！
但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难！11. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.
张开手站在不远处会表示我乐意听。
12. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. (好奇地向四周张望).
13.They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom （因为那是法国习俗)
14. As I get to know more international friends, I learn
more about this cultural “body language”．
随着我结识了更多的国际朋友，我更多地了解了“身体语言”文化。 记忆有方curious curious about defend against defend likely likely to generally speaking at ease approach subjective objective statement defense misunderstand misunderstanding facial greeted representing association at ease In general are also likely to misunderstandings fists turn our back to approaching defend curiously facial fun_ction spoken dashed canteen hugged cheek 【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空
①It was _______ that he should have given in to _______ and opened the letter addressed to his sister. （curious）
②In time of war, lots of money will be spent on _______ and many measures will be taken to ______ a country from being attacked. (defend)
③To tell you the ______ , I’m _____ grateful for your helping me make my dream come ____ . (true)curiouscuriositydefencedefendtruthtrulytrue 学习有道词汇短语过关1. approach n．接近，逼近，走近；方法，步骤，途径，道路vt.接近，建议；要求，找…商量 vi.靠近
联想拓展approach to sth 接近某物
1) approach sb about/for sth 向某人要求某物
approach sb.on/about sth.与某人接洽/商量某事
be approaching 快到了
approach to...接近,近似;约等于;做某事的方法/途径
on approaching... 一接近……就……
2) at the approach of 在快到……的时候
make an approach to 对…进行探讨;向…提出要求/建议
an/the approach to sth.(待人接物或思考问题的)方法/态度
make approaches to sb.设法接近某人
be easy/difficult of approach(地方)易/难到达的;(人)易/难于接近的
approachable adj.可接近的；能达到的；和蔼可亲的The best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken language.
学习外语最好的途径是学口语。
With the approach of winter，the weather got colder.
随着冬天的临近，天气变得更冷了。
All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.所有的通往机场的路都被警察封锁了。
The scientists are making a scientific approach to the subject.科学家们正在对这个问题进行科学探讨。
The time for graduation is approaching.
毕业的日子即将来临。
Did Mary approach you about lending her some money?
玛丽找你商量过有关借钱给她的事吗？
He cautiously approached the house.
他小心地走近那房子。【词语辨析】approach, way, means, method, manner
approach 指从事某事的特别方法、途径。
way 指做事的方法、方式，也可以泛指思想方法、生活方式等。
means 指为达到某种目的或目标而采取的方法、手段或途径等
method指一个详细的、逻辑有序的计划，或系统的
具有一定理论性的方法，强调有条理和高效率。
manner指的是行动或步骤具有个性和独特性的方法，主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式。同类辨析 approach，way，method与means
(1)approach，way，method，means 都有“方式，方法，途径”之意，但 approach 侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式；way 为一般用语；means 指可以得到结果的手段、方法；method 指有规律的、有条理的做法，如教学方法teaching method。
(2)表示“做……的方法”时各自的搭配分别是：
the approach to (doing) sth. the means of (doing) sth.
the method of (doing) sth. the way to do/of (doing) sth.
(3)分别与不同两介词搭配：with this method/in this method/in this way/by this means in this/that way用这种/那种方法；the way to do/of doing sth.做某事的方法；with a method用一种方法；the method of doing sth.做某事的方法；by means of通过……方法；the means of doing sth.做某事的方法。 学以致用①You are all new comers here.Try not to make_____ to strangers.
A．ways B．connection
C．means D．approaches
②Winter vacation is____ .I can't wait to go back home.
A．coming B．on the way
C．approaching D．A，B and C
完成句子
③他们走近森林的时候，一只兔子从树丛里跑了出来。
_______ _______ _______ the wood，a rabbit ran out of the trees.
④那已算是他能做出的最近乎微笑的表示了。
That's the nearest______ ______ ___smile he ever makes.As they approachedapproach to a用approach，way，means，method或manner 填空
⑤The headmaster made a speech at the meeting in a short________.
⑥Is there any________ of contacting him?
⑦I think it's the best________ to deal with it.
⑧Her________ to the problem is wrong.
⑨She invented a new________ to make cakes.
⑩They are trying to find a new________ to cancer treatment.
⑾What do you think of the ________ they're dealing with waste water?
⑿Only by this ________ can you learn maths well.
⒀They worked out the problem with the same ________.waymeansapproachmannermethodapproachwaymeansmethod【一言辨异】
用method，way，approach，means填空
If he changes his (1) of thinking, his teaching
(2) will present a new (3) to foreign language teaching and by this (4) the students will make great progress.way method approach means 【写作句组】满分作文之佳句背诵
a．We make good use of it only when we have an
appropriate approach to the Internet.
b．On seeing him approach, I immediately turned
my face to a shop.2. likely adj.可能的
联想拓展
sb be likely to do sth 某人可能做某事
be not likely to do很有可能不做某事
It is likely that... 可能……
likely to do sth 可能做某事(可作后置定语，修饰前面的名词)
It is likely for sb. to do sth.某人有可能做某事
not likely(表示坚决不同意)绝不可能，绝对不会
Are you likely to be in London this year?
今年你可能去伦敦吗？
It's very likely that he will go abroad.
＝He is likely to go abroad.
他很可能要出国。
【思维拓展】
(1)It is possible for sb. to do sth.某人可能做某事
(2)It is possible/probable＋that-clause可能……
(3)There is a possibility/no possibility＋that-clause有可能/不可能……
(4)There is a (good) chance/much chance＋that-clause很有可能……
(5)There are chances＋that-clause有可能……
【易错提示】
在运用这些表示可能性的句型时，应注意possible和probable只能用在以it作形式主语的句型中，其主语不能是人；而likely所引导的结构主语可以是人也可以是物或形式主语it。
【词语辨析】 probable，likely，possible
probable 表示主观上有几分根据的推测，十有八九
的可能，因而常译为“很可能的，大概的”。
likely 比probable的可能性要小，比possible要大，十
有六七的可能。
possible表示客观上潜在的可能性,十有四五的可能。
(1)likely 是从外表、迹象上进行判断有可能发生的事，与probable意思接近。它作表语时，主语既可以是人，也可以是物，常用句型：It is likely that...或sb./sth.be likely to...。
(2)probable 表示的可能性比possible要大，意为“很可能”，指有实际依据或逻辑上合情合理的猜测。它作表语时，不能用人作主语，表示“某人有可能做某事”要用 It is probable that...句型。(3)possible 指客观上潜在的可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味。它作表语时，也不能用人作主语，表示“某人干某事是可能的”，常用 It's possible for sb.to do sth.或 It's possible that...句型。另外possible还用于固定结构中，如as...as possible，if possible等。
It's probable that he will come here today.
他很有可能今天来这里。
It's possible for him to cover the book in an hour.
在一小时内读完这本书对他来说是可能的。
①I think he is ________ to win，but I'm not sure.
A．possible B．likely
C．impossible D．certain
【解析】四个选项中likely和certain能用人作主语，certain意为“确定的，有把握的”；likely意为“有可能的”句意为：我认为他有可能会赢,但我不确定。【答案】B学以致用①It is_____ that he has been addicted to the drugs and has difficulty quitting it.
A．obviously B．apparently
C．possibly D．likely
②—Would she mind playing against he former teammates?
—________She is willing to play against any tough players. (2010·浙江，13)
A．I think so. B．I'm not surprised.
C．Of course. D．Not likely!
完成句子
③她今晚很可能给我打电话。
______ ____ ____ __ ring me tonight.She's very likely to3. ease n．安逸；舒适 vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
联想拓展
with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
be/feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松，自在
put/set sb at(one's)ease 使某人放松/自在
sth be eased 某物被消除
ease one's mind 使某人宽慰
ease sb of sth 使某人消除/减轻……
ease one‘s pain 减轻疼痛
at ease 舒适，快活，自由自在At ease！稍息！(口令)
look at ease看上去心情放松
feel ill at ease 不自在，不自然
set/put...at one's ease 使……放心、放松
with ease 容易地，不费劲地
take one's ease休息；轻松一下学以致用完成句子
①他轻松地通过了考试。
He passed the examination________ ________.
②医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。
The doctor gave him some pills to________ _________.
③在家里她感觉很放松。
She feels____ ____at home.
He didn't feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings.他在那个生疏的环境中感到不那么自在。
We fulfilled the job with great ease.
我们很容易地完成了这项工作。
Please take your ease，you are too tired.
你太累了，请放松一下。with ease/without difficulty/easilyease the/his painat easeShe was ill at ease for she was a stranger there.
她在那人生地不熟， 感到很不安。4.represent vt.代表;表现;描绘;象征;声称;说明
归纳拓展 represent to...向……表示；交涉(1)represent sth./sb.象征某物/代表某人
represent sb.as/to be ...把某人描绘成… ;宣称某人为…
represent oneself as/to be自称是，声称
represent sth.to sb.向某人说明某事，向某人描绘某事
(2) representation n. 表现，描述，描绘；表现形式
make representations to...与……进行交涉；向……提出抗议
(3) representative n．代表;代理人 adj.典型的;代理的
be representative of 是……的代表，是……中典型的
＝be typical of是……的代表，是……中典型的
stand for代表；象征
on behalf of sb.＝on sb.’s behalf代表某人；为了某人；代替某人(1)完成句子
①He , but now we know the truth.
他自称是工人们的朋友，但现在我们知道真相了。
②I’ll .
我要向他指出他所面临的险境。
③He represented that
.
他自称他参加过淮海战役。
④She represented .
她把她的弟弟描绘成一个傻瓜。
⑤Let me represent .
让我用另一种方式向你说明我的想法。represented himself as a friend to the workers represent to him the risk he is runninghe had fought in the Huai Hai Campaignher little brother as a foolmy ideas to you in another way The competition attracted over 500 players representing 8 different countries.
这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。
He represented himself as an expert.
他声称自己是一位专家。
Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way.
让我试用另一种方法向你说明我的想法。
We have made representations to the school，but without success.我们与学校进行了交涉，但没有效果。
Jay Chou is regarded as a representative of the youth of his generation.
周杰伦被看作是他那一代年轻人的典型代表。
The red lines on the map represent railway lines.
地图上的红线表示铁路。
诱导展望
represent 作“说明，使明白”和“传达、表达”讲时不能直接跟“人”作宾语，常用结构为represent sth. to sb.或 represent to sb. sth.。类似的单词有explain，relate(叙述)，guarantee，suggest，announce等。
【链接训练】
①________ the company at such an evening party，he has been choosing a suit which will ________ him best.
A. Representing；agree B. Standing for；match
C. To represent；suit D. To stand for；suit
【解析】 句意为：为了代表公司出席这样一个晚会，他一直在挑中意的套装。此处应为不定式作目的状语；stand for不能用来代表某单位；suit主要指“服装的颜色、款式适合”，而match主要指“相匹配”。
【答案】 C②The thirteen stars on the flag ________ the thirteen colonies that have announced independence.
A．are B．sign
C．represent D．compare
【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。represent “代表”；sign 用作动词，意为“签名”；compare 意为“比较”。句意为：旗帜上的13颗星代表了已宣布独立的13个殖民地。【答案】C(1) We chose a committee to____________（代表我们）.
(2) He____________（声称）himself as a philosopher.
(3) He ____our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.
A. is on behalf of B. stood for
C. stood out D. representedrepresent usrepresentedD5．curious adj.有好奇心的；有求知欲的；感兴趣的
归纳拓展
(1)be curious about sth.对某事感到好奇
be curious to do sth.极想做某事
It's curious that...……很奇怪
(2)curiously adv.好奇地；奇异地，奇怪地
curiosity n．好奇心；好奇；珍品，奇事
in/with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
from/out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one‘s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
As a little girl，she was curious about the origin of human beings.她还是个小女孩时，就对人类的起源产生了兴趣。
He gave in to _________and opened my letter.
他抵不住好奇心，拆开了我的信。curiosityI was curious to find out what she had said.
我极想弄清楚她说了些什么。
Curiously enough，a year later exactly the same thing happened again.
说来也怪，一模一样的事情在一年以后又发生了。
In/With curiosity，I didn‘t feel at all nervous when I faced the audience.令人好奇的是，当我面对观众的时候，我一点都不感觉紧张。
【链接训练】Don't be too _____ about things you are not supposed to know.
A．strange B．amusing C．curious D．conscious
【解析】 be curious about “对……感到好奇”。句意为：不要对你不该知道的事情过分好奇。strange“奇怪的”；amusing“好笑的”；conscious“有意识的”。
【答案】C 6. defend vt.保护；保卫
归纳拓展
(1)defend sb./sth.from/against sb./sth.保护某人(某物)免受伤害；保卫某人(某物)
defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护
defence n．保卫；保护；辩护；答辩
(2)in defence (of...)为了保卫(……)
in sb.’s/sth.’s defence为……辩护；在……的防备下
It's the glorious duty for every soldier to defend our country against enemies .卫国抗敌是每个士兵应尽的光荣职责。
All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。同类辨析 defend，guard与protect
三者都含有“保护”之意。
(1)defend指“保卫”、“防御”，指抵御或击退外来威胁或攻击，应用范围很广，对象可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的。
(2)guard指“保卫”、“守卫”，指注意观察、戒备，以免受可能的攻击或伤害。
(3)protect指“保护”，以免遭受危险或伤害等。
Troops have been sent to defend the borders.
已派出部队去守卫边疆。
The dog was guarding its owner's luggage.
那只狗守护着主人的行李。
They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.他们挤在一起，免受风吹。同义辨析defend，guard，protect
defend，guard，protect都含有“保护”之意。
defend指“保卫，防御”，应用范围很广，对象可以是
具体的，也可以是抽象的。
guard指“保卫，守卫”，指注意观察、戒备，以免出现可能的攻击或伤害。
protect指“保护”，以免遭受危险或伤害等。
【活学活用】
用defend，guard，protect的适当形式填空
(1)The dog was its owner’s luggage.
(2)Each company is fighting to its own commercial interests.
(3)Troops have been sent to the borders.guarding protect defend 7. major .adj.较大的(large)；主要的(important)；
n.少校；专业；主修科目(the main subject or course)；
v.主修，专攻(study...as your main subject)
major in主修……
in a/the majority占大多数
have a majority over sb.战胜某人
by/with a majority of以大多数……赢得……
the majority of hospitals ＝ most of the hospitals
(1)句型转换 大多数医院
When in university，he majored in English.
→When in university， .his major was English1)major没有比较级和最高级形式。
2)the majority作主语时，谓语动
词可用单数也可用复数。8．fun_ction n．作用；功能；职能vi.起作用；运转
联想拓展
the fun_ction of the handle把手的功能
abuse one's functions滥用职权
perform the fun_ction of...执行……的功能
fun_ction as起……作用
The fun_ction of the heart is to pump blood through the body.
心脏的功能就是把血液输往全身。
The machine will not fun_ction properly if it is not kept well oiled.
机器如果没有上好油，就不会顺利运转。
~ as sth 起到某物的作用
The sofa can also fun_ction as a bed.9．avoid vt.避免；消除
联想拓展
avoid sth.避免某事
avoid sb.避开某人
avoid doing sth.逃避做某事
You should avoid being late for your class.
你不要误了上课。
I tried to avoid answering him.
我设法避免回答他的问题。10．similar adj.相似的；类似的
联想拓展
be similar to sb./sth.与某人或某物相似
be similar in sth.在……方面相似
be different from和……不同
be the same as和……一样
be popular with受欢迎的
be familiar with熟悉……
We have similar tastes in music.
我们在音乐方面爱好相似。
Gold is similar in colour to brass.
金与黄铜的颜色相似。
The brothers look very similar.
他们兄弟看上去很相似。11 agreement n.协议;一致;同意disagreement n.不同意
归纳总结
reach/come to/arrive at/make an agreement达成协议
sign/break an agreement签定/违反协议
under an agreement根据协议
in agreement (with)(意见等)一致
agree vt. & vi.同意disagree v.不同意
agree with sb./one’s mind (thought, idea, method...) 同意某人/某人的意见(想法,主意,办法等)
agree to a(n) plan/proposal/agreement/sb.’s
doing sth.同意计划/建议/协议/某人做某事
agree on/upon sth.就某事达成协议
agree with与……一致；(气候、食物等)适合……
agree with sb.to do sth.同意某人做某事
agree to do sth.同意做某事(1)他们撕毁了与我们的协议。
They have ______________________ us.
(2)双方商定了谈判的日期。
The two sides have __________ the date of
negotiations. broken the agreement betweenagreed on12. association n. 社团; 联系;联想
associate 1) vt. 把（A和B)联想在一起
~ A with B
We ~ turkey with Thanksgiving .
2) 使……有关系,有联系
~ oneself with be associated with
我想和他合作这项工程
I __ ___ ____ him in the project.
was associated with/
associated myself with
vt. （与…） 为友，交往，结交 associate with
He seems to associate with criminals.
翻译
My association with him can go back to our days in high school.13.anger n.& v.怒火，怒气；触怒，使生气
be angry with sb.about sth.因某事对某人生气
in anger和with anger之间有什么区别，
英语介词中in和with加一个名词意思是相同的，
但用法一样吗？
in比较倾向于描述某人所处的状态，
Tom shouted in anger. 汤姆气忿地叫喊着。
John doubled his fists in anger.
约翰愤怒地握紧拳头。
She turned away in anger.她生气的转过身去。
with的一般都是用来描述某人在做某事时的状态，
比如stare at sb with anger
His face flamed with anger.他的脸气得通红。
Her eyes blazed with anger.她眼里闪着怒火。1. in general总的来说；通常
联想拓展
general knowledge常识
generally adv. 一般地；大体上；普遍地；通常
generally speaking 一般来说
as a general role 一般而言；在通常情况下
on the whole 总的来说
in a word 总之
in short 简而言之
in short/brief/sum简而言之，总之
to put it simply简单地说
in conclusion总而言之
all in all总的来说①Drunk driving，which was once a____ occurrence，is now under control.(2011·福建，32)
A．general B．frequent
C．normal D．particular
完成句子
②我们正努力从总体上增强环境意识，特别是提高对空气污染的意识。
We're trying to raise awareness about the environment _____ _____ and air pollution in particular.
③一般来说，立体声音响越贵越好。
________ ________ ,the more expensive the stereo，the better it is.
学以致用in generalGenerally speaking2. turn one‘s back to背对；背弃(reject)
联想拓展 turn in ＝hand in上交
turn against背叛；(情况等)对……不利
turn away把……打发走 turn to 转向；求助
turn out 证明是；结果是(无被动语态)；出席
turn up 出现(无被动语态)；调大(音量等)
turn down 拒绝；调小(音量等)
turn back往回走；折回 get back恢复；取回
fight back还击；还手 take back收回
bring back归还 look back回头看
完成句子
①He went over to say hello to her, but she him.
他走过去向她问候，但是她不理睬他。
②I .
我收回刚说的话。turned her back to take back what I just said①I'm so glad you've come here to_______ this matter in person. (2012·湖北，24)
A．lead to B．see to C．turn to D．refer to
完成句子
②他走过去向她问候，但是她不理睬他。
He went over to say hello to her，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
③尽管我们很担心，但一切顺利。
Despite our worries，everything________ ________ __.
④他捡到一块手表，交给了老师。
He picked up a watch and _______ __to the teacher.
⑤尽管我等了一小时，他仍然没出现。
Though I waited for an hour，________ ________ ____.学以致用but she turned her back to himturned out wellturned inhe didn't turn up3．lose face丢脸
归纳拓展
1)lose face为固定短语，face前不加任何冠词、物主代词等。
2)lose one's face失去面子 save one's face 挽回面子
归纳拓展
face to face 面对面(作状语) (with sb./sth.)面对面地
face-to-face面对面的(作定语)
in (the) face of 面对(问题、困难或危险等)
make a face/faces at向……扮鬼脸
to one’s face当着某人的面
on the face of it从表面上看；乍看起来
3)face the enemy毅然面对敌人
face danger/difficulties面临危险/困难
be faced with面临，面对【思维拓展】
lose heart灰心丧气
lose one's heart to倾心于；爱上
lose balance失衡
lose one's way迷路
lose memory失忆
lose no time刻不容缓
face up to勇敢面对
in(the) face of面对
face to face面对面地
make a face/faces做鬼脸
be faced with面对He doesn't want to back down and risk losing face.
他不想打退堂鼓，怕会丢脸。
Rather than admit failure，Frank made a face in order to save face.
弗兰克为了保全面子,没有承认失败, 而是做了个鬼脸。
I've never met her face to face. We've only talked on the phone.我从没有当面见过她.我们只在电话中交谈过
She is faced with a difficult decision.
她面临艰难的选择。
①In order not to ________，he spent the whole night preparing for the speech of the next day.
为了不丢脸，他为第二天的演讲准备了一晚上。
②________ with so much difficulty，the whole group was in disappointment.
He is afraid of losing face.他怕丢面子。Facedlose face 4．put up举起，升起，张贴；搭建；留宿；提出
【思维拓展】
put up with忍受
put aside储存备用；留下
put down放下；记下；写下；镇压
put off推迟；延期
put out扑灭；生产；出版
Put up your hand if you have any questions.
有问题请举手。
Many high buildings have been put up there.
那里建起了许多高楼。
They'll put up at a hotel for the night.
他们将在旅馆住一夜。
I can’t put up with these insults any more.
我无法再忍受这样的侮辱了。5．in most cases在大多数情况下；在大多数场合下
In most cases, he would be in time for everything.
在大多数情况下，他做什么都很及时。
Journalists have a sixth sense of news in most cases.
在多数情况下记者们对新闻有第六感觉。
【思维拓展】
(1)in any case无论如何；总之
In any case, you'll have to be at the station by 8 o'clock.
无论如何，你必须在八点前到达车站。
(2)in case万一；如果；以防
In case he comes, please let me know.
要是他来，请通知我。
(3)in case of万一；以防
Please take an umbrella in case of rain.
请带把雨伞以防下雨。(4)in that/this case如果那/这样
It may rain tomorrow. In that case, the sports meeting will be put off.
明天可能会下雨。如果那样，运动会就推迟。
(5)in no case在任何情况下都不(置于句首时句子的主谓要采用部分倒装结构)
In no case are you to leave your post.
在任何情况下你都不能擅离职守。6．kiss sb.on the cheek 亲吻某人的脸颊
注意 此类短语中的定冠词the 不能换成one‘s，
即短语结构应为“vt.＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”。
当涉及身体表面较软的或凹下去的部位(如eye, face)
等用in；涉及较硬的或凸出来的部位(如head,
shoulder)等用on。
运用 完成句子
(1)出于愤怒，她打了他的脸。
Out of rage, she hit him in the face.
(2)父亲轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀，传达他无声的理解。
Father patted me on the shoulder gently, showing his silent understanding.
7.be wrong about误解，弄错
?归纳总结
be wrong to do sth.做某事是不道德的/不正当的
be wrong with sb./sth.某人/物有毛病(不正常)
the wrong sth./sb.for...
某人/物不适合(不合适)……
It is/was wrong of sb.to do sth.
某人做某事是错误的
What’s wrong with sb./sth.?某人(物)怎么了？
go wrong出差错；犯错误
do sb. wrong/ do wrong to sb.冤枉某人
in the wrong(在事故、错误、争论等中)有错;应承
担责任
put sb. in the wrong冤枉某人；诬陷某人The fact proves that we were all wrong about them.事实证明，我们都误解他们了。
You were wrong about Tom; he’s not married
after all.你把汤姆的情况搞错了,他根本没结婚。
(1)___________________ (你不对)to bully the boy.
(2)All the students went to see _______________
_________ (她怎么了).It was wrong of youwhat was wrongwith her课件25张PPT。Unit 4Body LanguagePeriod 2
Important sentences 记忆有方课文句型背诵
1. As I get to know more international friends, I learn
more about this cultural “body language”．
随着我结识了更多的国际朋友，我更多地了解了“身体语言”文化。
2. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch others.
不过，来自西班牙、意大利和南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会（用身体）接触对方。3.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Columbia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到的是来自哥伦比亚的Tony Garcia, 来自英国
的朱丽叶史密斯紧随其后。
4．She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands， as if in defence.
她向后退着，看上去很吃惊，举起双手好像在防御。
5.Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接
触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。6. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
7.With so many cultural differences between people，it is great to have some similarities in body language.
人们间的文化差异非常多，但好在身体语言有一些相似之处。
8．How about showing that I am bored?
如何来表示我很厌烦呢？
9. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads！
但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难！11. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.
张开手站在不远处会表示我乐意听。
12. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. (好奇地向四周张望).
13.They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom （因为那是法国习俗) 学习有道句型学与练1.Not all cultures greet each other the same way，
nor are they comfortable in the same way with
touching or distance between people.各种文化背景
下人们互相问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距
离的程度也并不一样。
联想拓展 ①both...not/not...both；all...not/all...not；
every (the whole)．..not/not...every (the whole)．
..为部分否定；none，not...any；nobody；nothing
为全部否定。
并不是所有昨天晚上在场的歌手都是学生。
Not all the singers present last night were students.
不是所有的人都痴迷足球,也不是很多人都对篮球感兴趣.
Not all people are crazy about football, nor are many
interested in basketball.②“neither/nor/so＋系动词(情态动词或助动词)＋主语”
是一个倒装句型，表示前面的情况也适用于后者，so
用于肯定场合，neither/nor用于否定场合。
③“so＋正常语序”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对
前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定，常译为“……的确是这样”。
④如果前句有两个分句，或者既有肯定又有否定，要用So it is with...或It's the same with...句型。
⑤“主语＋do/did/does＋so”表示“某人这样做了”，本结构中的助动词不能改为be动词或情态动词。
If you won't go to the party，________.
A．he will either B．neither will he
C．he neither will D．either he will
句意为：如果你不去参加这次聚会，他也不去。汉译英
①并不是我所有的朋友都吸烟。
______________________________
______________________________
②我们中没有一个人可做英雄。
______________________________
完成句子
③李刚事件给社会造成很坏的影响，郭美美事件也是如此。
The case of Li Gang had a bad effect on society，________ _____ ____ ____ ____ __.
学以致用All my friends do not smoke.
(or：Not all my friends smoke.) None of us can be heroes. so did that of Guo Meimei④迈克是加拿大人且汉语说得很流利，安也是如此。
Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well，
____ ___ ____ ____ ____.
⑤医生让他多吃蔬菜，他就这样做了。
The doctor asked him to eat more vegetables，and
________ _____.
⑥我不知道那件事，我也不关心。
I don't know about that thing，______ ____ __ _.
so it is with Annhe did sonor do I care2.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defense.她向后退着，看上去很吃惊，举起双手好像在防御。
【典型句式】as if 引导从句
(1) He cleared his throat， .
他清了清嗓子，好像要说话。
单项填空
He has just arrived, but he talks as if he all about that.
A．know B．knows
C．known D．Knew
The man opened his eyes and moved his lips as if that he had something to tell the doctor.
A．saying B．having said
C．to say D．to have saidas if to speak as if后省略掉了
he was。as if in defence是省略句式。
在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且谓语动词含有动词be,或者从句中主语是it时,通常把从句中的主语和谓语动词be省略。
Look out for cars when crossing the street.
过街时注意车辆。
If not well managed, it can be harmful.
如果管理不善，这很可能有害处。
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.尽管身体还很不好，她仍非常努力地工作。
The boy will make a lot of trouble when ______alone.
A. leaving B. leave C. left D. being left
No matter how frequently____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed B. performing C. to be performed1)as if可引导状语从句也可用在look， seem 等系动词
后引导表语从句。
(2)as if 还可用于省略句中。如果as if 引导的从句是
“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样
as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、
介词短语或分词。
(3)as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。 当说话者认为句子
所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。
(4)as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话者认为句子
所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。3.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.（Page 26）第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，紧随其后的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
1) the first+名词+to do第一个做…,动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或者代词的后面。
(2)有很多名词常可用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。
(3)如果不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
给我一张纸写字。 (4)当名词被first，second, last...以及形容词的最高级
或者only等修饰时，其后可用不定式作定语。
He was the best man to do the job.
他是做这项工作的最好人选。
(5)不定式作定语一般表示将来。
He has much work to do.他有很多工作要做。
(6)作定语的不定式和被修饰词是动宾关系，但如果是由
句子的主语或者句子中另一个名词或者代词发出时，
则要用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Have you checked all the machines _____to Vietnam
next week?
A. sent B. to be sent C. be sent D. being sent
—I’d like to buy an expensive camera.
—Well, we have several models_____.
A. to choose from B. to choose C. to be chosen ①She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一位获奥运会金牌的女子。
②He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
③—The last one to arrive pays the meal.
—Agreed!
——最后一个到的请客。
——同意！
【点津】
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。例如：
She is looking for a room to live in.
她在寻找一间房子住。
2)closely adv.
①接近地；密切地；多指抽象的近
The two events are closely connected.
这两件事有密切的联系。
②严密地，仔细地
Please listen closely to the following instructions.
请仔细听以下说明。
【思维拓展】
close adv.“接近”，指距离上的“近”。
Go further away! You are too close to me.
再离远一点！你太靠近我了。
Come closer (to me)．再靠近我一点吧。
Don't stand close to me.不要站得离我太近。4. As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “body language”．
随着我结识了更多的国际朋友，我更多地了解了“身体语言”文化。
as 引导一个时间状语从句，意为“随着……”。
精练 根据中文提示，完成下列句子
随着我在英语上取得了更多的进步，我对英语也越来越感兴趣。
_____________________________ I became more and more interested in it.
As I made more progress in English5．You think that there may have been a mistake.
你认为可能有一个错误。
(1)there be形式的各种变式：
There is/are going to be(There will be...) 将有……
There was/were going to be
(There would be...) 过去将有……
There must/should/ought to be...一定/应该有……
There used to be... 过去有过……
There happens (ed)/chances(ed)to be... 碰巧有……
There seems (ed)/appears(ed)to be... 似乎有……
(2)there be句型的非谓语形式有there to be和there being两种形式。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语、状语。
(3)There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问，……
There's no point (in) doing sth.做某事毫无意义。
There's no need to do sth.没必要做某事。① There seems/appears to be somebody else in the lecture hall, doesn't there?
报告厅里似乎还有别的人，对吗？
②The test paper is rather easy. There shouldn't be any problem for you all, should there?
试卷相当简单。对你们所有人来说应该没有什么问题，对不对？
③There used to be an old temple here.
过去这儿有一座古庙。
④There happens/chances to be a book here, which you need badly.这儿正巧有一本书，正是你非常需要的。
⑤There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.(作主语)停车点离家近，真是方便极了。
⑥We expect there to be no war in the world.(作宾语)我们希望世界上不再发生战争。(1) No one had told me about________ a meeting
the following day.
A．there be B．there being
C．there would be D．there was
答案：B about后接动词的-ing形式；there be句型非谓语形式为there being和there to be。
(2) The Pacific region will be one of the fastest growing areas in the world in the 21st century.______ should not be any doubt about it now.
A．It B．That C．This D．There
答案：D6. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do. 尽管我们常常会彼此误解，但我们仍能做到彼此理解，这真是件神奇的事情啊。
句子分析：It is + adj./n.+ that… (should) do…，常用于此句型的形容词有necessary, important, natural, strange, surprising, impossible等；常用于此句型的名词有a great pity, an amazing /a surprising /an exiting thing 等。
仿写：
我们竟然会在这里相遇，真是不可思议。
It is amazing that we should meet here.
我很兴奋，昨晚在音乐会的现场看到了谢霆锋真人
It was an exciting thing that I should see
Xie Ting feng live in concert last night.拓展:
amaze 用作及物动词,意为”使惊讶”.
例如:
It amazed me to hear that your were leaving. 听说你要走我很惊讶.
Visitors were amazed at the achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade.
参观者对这座城市过去十年中汽车制造工业方面的成就感到惊奇有类似用法的动词还有: excite ,satisfy , move , interest, shock , disappoint , puzzle , surprise , worry , please , bore , annoy , astonish 等.
例如 :
The news astonished everybody.
这个消息使每个人都感到惊讶.
He was astonished at what he had found.
他发现的情况使他十分惊讶.
We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the championship.
听说他们的球队赢得了冠军,我们很惊讶.课件32张PPT。Unit 4Body Language
Period 3 单元语法
单元语法复习非谓语动词精讲精练课件动词-ing形式作状语动词的-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式及其短语可在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随情况等。
1．动词的-ing形式或其短语作状语往往修饰谓语动词表示的动作，相当于相应的状语从句或并列句。
(1)表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。(有时可以在动词的-ing形式前加一个表时间的连词，如when，while等)
Look out for cars when crossing the street.
过街时注意车辆。
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.
(=While he was waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)
(2)表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
Not knowing how to get there(＝As I did not know how to get there)，I had to ask the way.
因为不知道如何去那里，我只得问路。
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.(=as he was ill, he didn’t go to school.)既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。
Being a student, you should study hard.
(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.）
Thinking he might be at home, I called him.
(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
由于想到他或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。(3)表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。
Driving too fast(＝If you drive too fast)，you will damage the car.如果你开车太快，你会把汽车弄坏的。
Walking ahead, you will see a white house.
一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。
Using your head, you will find a way.
(=If you use your head, you will find a way.)
(4)表示伴随状况或行为方式，相当于并列复合句。
They went into the hall，talking and laughing.
(＝They went into the hall and were talking and laughing.)他们又说又笑地走进大厅。
He stood leaning against the wall.(＝He stood and leaned against the wall.)他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。
He sat on the sofa, watching TV.
(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)(5)表示结果，作结果状语，相当于结果状语从句。
European football is played in 80 countries，making it the most popular sport in the world.(＝European football is played in 80 countries；as a result，it becomes the most popular sport in the world.)欧式足球运动在80个国家开展，这使它成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。
The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song。全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。
Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)(6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
(7)作独立成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。注意：
①当动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，即为错句。
Standing on the top of the mountain，I found the houses below looked like tiny toys.
而不可以说：
Standing on the top of the mountain，the houses below looked like tiny toys.
当我站在山顶上时，我发现下面的房子就像小玩具一样。
When we stood on the top of the mountain，the houses below looked like tiny toys.
②有时动词的-ing形式或动词的-ing形式短语有自己独立的主语，称之为独立主格结构。
Time permitting，we will go on a trip.
时间许可的话，我们就去旅行。
诱导展望
有些动词的-ing短语可以作句子的独立成分，对全句进行解释或修饰，表明说话者的态度、观点等。此时，不存在其逻辑主语和句子主语一致的问题。
例如：
generally/frankly speaking一般/坦白说来；
judging by/from...从……判断；
taking everything into consideration总的说来。
considering +从句=given + 从句….考虑到
Frankly speaking，I don’t enjoy the performance.
坦白地说，我不喜欢这场演出。2．动词的-ing形式作状语与谓语动词的关系
(1)动词的-ing形式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，分词用一般形式。
He ran up to her，breathing heavily.
他气喘吁吁地跑到她面前。
(2)动词的-ing形式表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作(或状态)，现在分词需用完成时形式having done。
Having already seen the film twice，she didn’t want to go to the cinema.
这部电影她已看过两遍，她不想去看了。
(3)动词的-ing形式的否定形式为not doing与not having done。
Not knowing his address，I didn’t go to visit him.
由于不知道他的地址，我没去看他。【链接训练】
①A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday，________ at least 12 people.
A．having been injured B．having injured
C．injuring D．injured
【解析】 考查分词作状语。分词与主句的主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，排除A、D两项；B项在动作顺序上有误。句意为：一枚远程控制的炸弹昨天在宾馆外面爆炸，导致至少12人受伤。【答案】 C②________ such heavy loss，the businessman doesn't have the courage to go on.
A．Having suffered B．Suffering
C．To suffer D．Suffered
【解析】 句意为：这位商人因遭受了重大损失，从而失去了把生意继续下去的勇气。两个句子的主语一致，应用现在分词；当分词的动作或状态先于主句谓语动词发生时，应使用现在分词的完成式 having done 来表示。【答案】 A③________ the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A．Not completing B．Not completed
C．Not having completed
D．Having not completed
【解析】 句意为：(因为)没完成这个项目，他们不得不在那儿再待两周。they与complete之间为主动关系，“没完成项目”发生在谓语动作之前，而且非谓语动词的否定式应将not放于非谓语动词之前，故选C。
【答案】 C④He called the police for help，________ that the problem was more than he could deal with.
A．having been realized B．to realize
C．realizing D．realized
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意为：当他意识到他无法处理这个问题后，他向警方求助。此题的逻辑主语he与动词realize之间为主动关系，可排除A、D项；又B项不定式用来表示目的，不符合题意，故被排除。【答案】 C【考点警示】
1．v.-ing作状语其逻辑主语是该句的主语，注意v.-ing与谓语动词的先后关系，选择v.-ing的一般式或完成式。
2．注意v.-ing与主语之间有逻辑上的被动关系时，选用被动体。【过关强练】
Ⅰ.用v.-ing形式改写下列句子
1．The man who is speaking to the teacher is his father.
The man ________ ____ the teacher is his father.
2．In the years that followed，he worked even harder.
In the ________ years，he worked even harder.
3．While he was waiting for the bus，he read a copy of China Daily.
___ __ _____ _____ ___ , he read a copy of China Daily.
4．Her mother died in 1990，and left her with her younger brother.
Her mother died in 1990 _____ ___ _ with her younger brother.
5．If you use your head，you will find a way.
_______ _____ _____，you will find a way.speaking tofollowingWhile waiting for the busleaving herUsing your headⅡ.单项填空
1．___on his past mistakes，Ted realized that he had stayed around the wrong people. (2013·潍坊模拟)
A．To reflect B．Reflecting
C．Reflected D．Being reflected
2．—We didn't find the Blacks______ the lecture.
—No one had told them about________ a lecture the following day. (2013·聊城模拟)
A. to attend；there to be B. attending；there being
C. attended；there be D. attend；there was
3. A citizen in Henan made a big fortune by winning first prize in a lottery，________a large sum to charity. (2013·金华模拟)
A．donated B．to donate
C．donating D．having donated4．Nowadays many people keep on the move，______ there to be better-paid jobs. (2013·郑州模拟)
A．to hope B．hoping
C．expecting D．to expect
5．—____us a definite answer can't solve the problem.
—I agree with you. Someone must have a talk with him. (2013·哈尔滨模拟)
A．Avoiding to give B．Avoiding giving
C．He avoided giving D．His avoiding giving
6．In Beijing Olympics，Michael Phelps swam into Olympic history，________the first athlete________ the most gold medals ever. (2013·无锡模拟)
A．became；to win B．becoming；to win
C．becoming；winning D．to become；to win7．The young man，________several attempts to beat the world record in high jumping，decided to have another try. (2013·宝鸡模拟)
A．to make B．making
C．made D．having made
8．________to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film. (2012·重庆，23)
A．Having been asked B．To ask
C．Having asked D．To be asked
9．Tony lent me the money，________that I'd do as much for him. (2012·全国Ⅱ，10)
A．hoping B．to hope C．hoped D．having hoped
10．He got up late and hurried to his office，_______ the breakfast untouched. (2012·天津，11)
A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having leftThe secretary worked late into the night, _____a long speech for the president.(MET91)
To prepare B. preparing
C. prepared D. was preparing
2.European foot ball is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 98)
Making B. makes C. made D. to makeB现在分词表结果状语A 现在分词作伴随状语高考试题赏析3. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _______ to the notice. (MET93)
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing
4. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.(MET92)
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
5.______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(上海91年题)
A. Not knowing B. knowing not
C. Not having known D. Having not known
A现在分词作伴随状语C作原因状语A现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。6. 2013年高考英语【重庆卷】30. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ______ me stories till I fell asleep.
A. having told B. telling C. told D. to tell
【解析】30. B。本题考查非谓语动词。坐在我床边是主动作，给我讲故事是伴随着发生的次要动作，此时通常用分词做伴随情况状语，由于讲故事不是在坐在床边这个动作之前发生的，所以排除选项A；如果用told，则前面不该用逗号，应该用连词and，并且应该用tell的形式，与前面的used to do 呼应，排除选项C；不定式放在一个动作之后，并且中间有逗号隔开，通常都是做结果状语，并且是一种意料之外的结果，但此处讲故事显然不是坐在床边的一种结果，排除选项D。
【句意】我小时候，我妈妈常常坐在我床边，给我讲故事，知道我入睡。 7. 2013年高考英语【新课标I卷】 35. The sunlight is
white and blinding, _______ hard-edged shadows on
the ground.
A. throwing B. being thrown
C. to throw D. to be thrown
【解析】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。____ hard-edged
shadows on the ground 在句中作结果状语，其逻辑主
语和句子的主语保持一致。显然，句子主语the sunlight
是throw动作的执行者，throw相对于the sunlight而言是
主动动作，故答案锁定A和C，因为选项B和D分别是现
在分词和不定式的被动式，表示一个被动动作。非谓语
动词中的现在分词和不定式都可作结果状语，但前者表
示自然的结果，而后者表示出人意料的结果。阳光炽白
炫目,在地上投下浓重的阴影不出乎人们的意外,故选A。
【句意】阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。8. 2013年高考英语【新课标II卷】5. I got to the office earlier that day, ______ the 7:30 train from Paddington
A. caught B. to have caught
C. to catch D. having caught
【解析】D。本题考查非谓语动词。本题的解题关键是先弄清句中两个动作之间的关系：“到办公室早”是赶上七点半火车的结果，或者说，正是因为赶上了七点半的车，才导致了“到办公室早”的结果，可见，空处是原因状语；正确答案是D。此处用现在分词的完成式，是因为赶车是在到达办公室之前发生的。
【句意】那天我赶上了七点半到 Paddington 的火车，结果很早就到了办公室。9. 2013年高考英语【四川卷】8. ____ which university
to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
Not knowing B. Knowing not
C. Not known D. Known not
【解析】8. A。本题考查非谓语动词。此句的前半部
分是分词做原因状语，动词know和女孩之间是主动
关系，故要用现在分词，不能用过去分词，排除选项
C，D；非谓语动词的否定形式是在它的前面加否定
词not，排除选项B，正确答案是A。
【句意】女孩不知道该上哪个大学，所以向老师征求
建议。10. 2013年高考英语【山东卷】33. _______ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
A. Having eaten B. to eat C. Eat D. Eating
【解析】33. A。本题考查分词短语做状语。因为本句中以前在这家餐厅吃过饭的动作发生的时间显然要早于主句的动作即不愿再去那里就餐这一动作发生的时间，所以应用V-ing的完成式即having done。所以答案为A。B项to eat表示目的；C项eat动词原形不能做非谓语；D项eating表示主动，不符合句意。
【句意】事先在餐厅吃过了，所以Tina不想再去那里就餐了。
11. 2013年高考英语【江苏卷】24. Lionel Messi, ______ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set
【解析】24. D。考查非谓语动词用法。解题关键：判断非谓语动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构得知，Lionel Messi is considered the most talented football player in Europe为主句， _____ the record for the most goals in a calendar year在句中作状语，set与逻辑主语Lionel Messi构成主动关系，故先排除A；再根据句意，“创立记录在先，被认为是最有才华球员在后”，故用having set。所以选D。
【句意】梅西，在一个日历年度创下了最多的进球记录，被认为是欧洲最优秀的足球运动员。12. 2013年高考英语【湖南卷】25．The sun began to rise in the sky，___ the mountain in golden light.
A．bathed B．bathing
C．to have bathed D．having bathed
【解析】25. B。考查非谓语动词。现在分词作伴随状
语。解题思路：空格后有宾语，排除bathed；“太阳升
起”在前，“那座山沐浴在金色的阳光中”在后，
排除C、D。
【句意】太阳在天空升起, 那座山沐浴在金色的阳光中。
13. 2013年高考英语【安徽卷】 24. ______ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found
【解析】24. B。本题考查非谓语动词。本句中，逗号之前是原因状语，由于句首和逗号之间都没有连词，可以推断前面不是句子，而只是某种结构，如果选find，则是祈使句，排除选项A；不定式做原因状语的时候，仅限于be + adj + to do的形式，排除选项C；分词做状语的时候，其逻辑主语跟句中主语要保持一致，即“发现”的逻辑主语是“she”，他们之间是主动关系，而过去分词表被动，排除选项D。
【句意】发现这个课程很难，他决定换个较低等级的。 1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it.
2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.
3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.
4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错5. “ Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.
6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.
7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking课件49张PPT。Unit 4Body Language
Period 4 复习与测试
复习与测试
一、单词识记 1.______________ n.成人，成年人
2.______________ adj.＆.n.主要的
3.______________ vt.误解
4.______________ n.喜剧
5.______________ n.拳头
6.______________ vt.代表；象征adultmajormisunderstandcomedy fistrepresent 复习与应用双基达标7. ____________adv.真实地；真诚地
8. _____________ n.＆ v.姿态；手势
9. _____________ vi.& vt. 拥抱
10. ____________ n.陈述；说明
11. ____________ adj.wrong
12. ____________ adj. 好奇的
13. ____________ n.＆ v.接近trulygesturehugstatement falsecuriousapproach14.____________ vi. 猛冲
15.association n. ______________
16.dormitory n. ______________
17.canteen n. ______________
18.crossroad n. ______________
19.fun_ction n. ______________
20.subjective adj. _______________主观的dash社团；联系宿舍食堂；餐厅十字路口作用；功能1.spoken adj. 口语的，口头的
____________vi. 说话，讲话
____________n. 演说，讲话，发言
____________adj.未说出口的，非口语的
____________adj. 说不出话的speechlessspeakspeechunspoken2.curious adj. 好奇的，有求知欲的
____________adv. 奇怪地，好奇地
____________n. 好奇(心)curiouslycuriosity3.anger n.& v.怒火，怒气；触怒，使生气
___________adj.愤怒的，生气的
___________adv. 愤怒地，生气地
_________________________[搭配[ 因某事对某人生气be angry with sb.about sth. angryangrily1. __________n.陈述；说明→______vt.陈述
2. __________vt.代表→______________n.代表(人)
3. ____________n.社团；联系→__________vt.联系
4. ______n.飞行；航班→_____vi.飞；放飞
5. ________adj.好奇的→__________adv.好奇地→__________n.好奇
6. _________vt.& vi.靠近；接近n.方法；途径
7. _______vt.保卫；保护→________n.防御statementstaterepresentrepresentativeassociationassociateflightflycuriouscuriouslycuriosityapproachdefenddefence单词自查8. ______adj.主要的→________n.多数
9. _______________vt.误解→_________________n.误解→____________vt.理解
10. ______adj.面部的→______n.面部；脸
11. ________n.功能；作用→____________adj.功能的
12. ____vt.减轻
13. ______n.怒火→_______adj.气愤的→________adv.愤怒地
14. _____adv.真实地→______adj.真的→_______n.真理
15. __________adj.主观的→_________n.主语majormajoritymisunderstandmisunderstandingunderstandfacialfacefunctionfunctionaleaseangerangryangrilytrulytruetruthsubjectivesubjectⅠ.单词拼写
1．I bought this hat yesterday.
It is________(相似)to yours.
2．The________ (大多数)of people in my
neighborhood are Italian.
3．The letters USA________ (代表)the United
States of America.
4．In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals，
________(位列)third of all the competing countries.
5．My English is so poor that I can hardly
________(表达)myself.
6．People from different cultures may sometimes
_______ _ (误会)each other.双基达标Ⅰ.单词拼写similarmajorityrepresentrankingexpressmisunderstandⅠ.单词拼写
1.The_______ (主要的)part of the population get education.
2.The man made a____________（陈述）to the police.majorstatement3.The bald eagle____________ (象征)the United States.
4.A_______ (好奇的)child is a teacher’s delight.
5.According to the American Automobile____________（协会）,since 1964 all cars sold in the United States have been equipped with seat belts.
6.Her voice trembled with_______（气愤）.representscuriousAssociationanger二、词组互译 1. 保卫……以免受 ______________
2. 丢脸 ______________
3. 背对；背弃 ______________
4. 上上下下；来来回回______________
5. 总的来说；通常 ______________
6. 舒适；自由自在 _______________
7. 面部表情 _______________facial expression defend against/fromlose faceturn one’s back toup and downin generalat ease8. 握手 __________________
9. 说实话 __________________
10. 对……表示尊重 __________________
11. 采取行动 __________________
12. 表达感情 __________________
13. 达成协议 __________________
与……交流 __________________
15. 相反地 ______________ communicate with sb.shake hands (with sb.)tell the truthshow respect fortake actionexpress one’s feelingsreach agreementon the contrary1.represent vt.代表；象征
representation n.表现；描述；表现法
representative adj.代表的 n.代表
2.approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近
n.接近；方法；途径
make approaches to sb.和某人接近
approach to接近，近似，……方法/的入口
3.defend vt. 保护；保卫
defend ...against/from...保卫/护……以免受……
protect/guard... against...保护……免受(害)
4.express vt.表达；表示n.快车；快递
express oneself表达自己的思想(观点或感情等)
gives expression to表达
expression n.表情，表达，措辞5.similar adj.相似的；类似的
be similar to 与……相似
运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。
⑴ 所有的大城市都大同小异。
All big cities________________________.
⑵ 他的帽子和我的差不多。
His hat____________________________ .
6.in general 总的来说；通常
7.lose face 丢脸
save face 挽回面子
8.turn one’s back on/to 背对；背弃；置之不理are quite similaris similar to mine1.be curious_______对……感到好奇
2.defend_______保卫……以免受
3. _________to sb. for sth.因某事而向某人道歉
4.put______举起；建立
5. ____the contrary相反地
6.be______to do sth.有可能……
7. ____general总的来说；通常
8. ______hands with sb.同某人握手aboutagainstapologizeuponlikelyinshake短语自查9. ______up出现，向前
10. in the________在远处，在远方
11. ___if好像
12.be______to do sth.准备做某事
13. ____ease舒适地
14. ______face丢脸
15. ______one’s back to背对；背弃comedistanceasreadyatloseturn1. The book ____________be useful, but it’s rather expensive.
2. They _________their country _________both French and Spanish forces.
3. ____________, men are taller than women.
4. The soldiers fought bravely ____________of their country.
5. I’m not ill. ________________, I’m very healthy.
6. If Tom cannot keep his promise, he’ll____________.
7. I don’t feel ________in the strange place.
8. Success is _________good effort.
9. He could not ____________on helpless travelers.
10. Don’t ______________me when I’m speaking to you.is likely todefendedagainstIn generalin defenceOn the contrarylose faceat easebased onturn his backlook away from词组填空Ⅱ.短语填空Ⅱ.词组填空1.As far as I know，most of them________ return to work because of the pressure of losing their jobs.
2．Hearing the news，she________ his husband and sobbed.
3．________ her work has been good，but this essay is dreadful.
4．The boy was so________ what gift his parents bought for him that he opened the little box without their permission.are likely to turned her back to In generalcurious about 5．The lawyer________ his client(当事人)_______the charge of attempted murder.
6．I was surprised to find that the little girl was quite________ among strangers as if she had known them for a long time.
7．To our disappointment，her reply________ an absolute denial.
8．Being afraid of________ ，she left the party after they found that she had told lies.defended against at ease approached to losing face完成句子
1. We had fish for the first course, ____________（接下来）roast fowl and fresh vegetables.
2. ________________ (不是所有的学生)will pass the exam.
3. He did not come yesterday, __________________（他的兄弟也没来）.
4. Prices____________________（很有可能）to go up than to come down.
5.He is__________________________________（最杰出的作家之一）of the time.
6. —I’m hungry. Let’s get something to eat.
—____________（怎么样;about）cabbage and potatoes?
7. She____________（愿意;willing）donate money to a worthy cause.followed byNot all the studentsnor did his brotherare much more likelyone of the most outstanding writersHow aboutis willing toⅢ.完成句子
1．我穿过马路以避免遇见他，但是他看见了我并朝我跑过来。
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him，but he saw me and________ ________towards me.
2．在幼儿园里，这个孤独的小女孩和小朋友们一起玩耍唱歌，现在已经开朗了很多。
In the kindergarten，the lonely girl plays and sings________ __________ other children and has become more open now.III 完成句子came running together with 3．如果你想大幅度提高英语成绩，你就必须改变你学习英语的方法。
If you want to improve your English a lot，you must change_____ _____ _____ _____you study English.
4．早上散步是一种很好的运动方式，并且户外新鲜的空气对你的健康也有好处。
Walking in the morning is a good way to exercise and the fresh air outdoors is good for your health________.
5．我们的老师微笑着走了进来，随后紧跟着的校长也微笑着进来了。
Our teacher came in smiling，________ _________our schoolmaster，also smiling.the way in which as well closely followed by 5. There is a new approach to teach a language.
___________________
6. Whom do you think is he looking after? ____________
7. The plane flies highly in the sky. ____________
8. I didn’t like the way which he speaks to me.
___________________________
9. She as well as you are an English teacher. ________
10. I more prefer to work in China. ____________teach →teachingis he →he ishighly →highwhich →in which/that或去掉are →is去掉more单句改错
1. Are you possible to be in London this year? _______________
2. I never saw him again, nor I hear from him. ____________
3. On general, your speech is good. ____________
4. He majored history at Stanford. _______________possible →likelyI前加didOn →Inmajored后加in【写作素材】
1.一般说来,不同文化的人们有着不同的打招呼的方式.
2．有的拥抱，有的握手。
3．有时有可能引起误会。
4．当我们身处异国，我们要记得我们代表着自己的国家，不要给国家丢脸。
5．在国内时，要尽可能让异国他乡的人感觉舒适。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
In general, people from different cultures have different ways to greet each other. Some hug and some shake hands. They are likely to have misunderstanding. So when abroad, we should know we are representing our country and try not to lose face；while at home, we should try to put foreigners at ease.单元知识点应用IV 微写作Ⅰ.书面表达增分策略
使用高级词汇
高级词汇的使用在高考中是得分的亮点，比较下列一般表达与高级表达：
一般表达 高级表达
buy purchase
care concern
free released
fresh vivid
get attain
give donate/offer
leave desert
like appreciate/enjoyV书面表达语言运用与应试技巧一般表达 高级表达
sometimes occassionally
besides in addition，furthermore
consider take...for granted
expecting looking forward to
finally last but not least
for in favor of
however in contrast，on the other hand
important be of vital importance
know figure out
should be supposed to
though/although despite/in spite of/the fact tha
use take advantage of
as/so long as on condition that一般表达 高级表达
ask for apply for
because of due to，owing to，on account of，
as a result of thanks to，
be interested in be crazy about，be absorbed in
be made up of consist of
famous people great figures
in addition to apart from
most of... the majority of
not...at all anything but
try one's best to do spare no effort to do
want to be willing to完成句子
1．我们正上英语课，这时高老师突然滑倒，摔下讲台，我们都很震惊。
The English class____ ___ __ when_____ ___
a sudden，Miss Gao slipped and fell off the stage，________ ____ _____ ____ ________.
2．我要用我自己的方式尽力帮他们克服困难。
I will ____ ___ ____ _____ __ __ them ______in my own way.
3．另外，它们可以丰富我的生活，给我提供巨大乐趣。
_______ ____，they can________ my life and ________ me______ _____ ____.学以致用was going onall ofwhich shocked all the studentsmake a little effort to helpoutFor anotherenrichprovide with great fun1 The traditional approach ________ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller，more easily managed problems.
A．to dealing B．in dealing
C．dealing D．to deal
【解析】 考查approach作名词，意为“方法，步骤”的含义。构成approach to短语，其中to是介词，后跟动词-ing 形式。句意为：传统的处理复杂问题的方法是把其分解成较容易掌握的较小问题。【答案】AVI 单项填空2The soldiers fought in ____ of their country's safety.
A．defence B．purpose C．support D．spite
【解析】 in defence of“保卫……”；in support of“支持……”；in spite of “不管；不顾”，B项搭配错误。结合句意“士兵们为国家的安危而战”，故选A项。
【答案】 A3He sat back on the chair, listening to the MP4 and _ .
A．looking at ease B．looked at ease
C．being looked at ease D．to look at ease
【解析】 looking at ease “看起来很自在”，作状语，它与 listening to...并列，由于 look 作“看起来……”讲时是不及物动词，通常用主动形式来表示被动意义，故用现在分词。【答案】 A4. —Have you been to New Zealand?
— No. I’d like to, ______ .
A. too B. though C. yet D. either
【解析】选B。这道题旨在考查though 用作副词时多置于句中或放在句末，意为“然而, 但是”，相当于 But I’d like to，所以正确答案为B。又如：He said he would come to the party, he didn’t, though (=but he didn’t). 他说他会来参加晚会的，然而没来。 5. —I don’t like this kind of music.
— ______ . It’s too noisy.
A. Nor do I B. Neither am I
C. Nor I do D. Neither I am
【解析】选A。句意：——我不喜欢这种音乐。——我也不喜欢。太吵了。表示“我也不喜欢”用nor和neither 构成倒装句，根据上下句可知该用do, 故选A。6 The thirteen stars on the American flag________the thirteen colonies that announced independence.
A．present B．sign
C．represent D．explain
[解析]represent代表。sign 签字；present 展现；explain 解释。[答案]C7 People have always been curious________ how living things on the earth exactly began.
A．in B．at
C．of D．about
[解析]be curious about对……好奇。[答案]D8 (2012·浙江十校期中联考)This is a new________to language teaching，which can arouse students' interest in learning the language.
A．approach B．means C．method D．way
[解析]approach to sth.……的方法，其它三个选项后跟 of doing。[答案]A9 (2012·武汉调研)The kitchen is often the busiest room in a household, so it's important to make sure it ___well.
A．smoothes B．functions
C．pays D．measures
[解析]fun_ction起……作用，发挥功能，运转。句意：厨房通常是家里最忙碌的房间，因此确保它很好发挥功能很重要。smooth 使……顺利，抚平； pay 付款； measure 测量。[答案]B10 (2012·湖北八校联考一)Jane's always nervous when she has to make a speech; she must accustom herself to be ________ when she is with people.
A．at ease B．in disguise C．at risk D．in relief
[解析]at ease轻松，自由自在。句意：詹妮作演讲时总是很紧张；当与他人在一起时，她必须使自己轻松自在。in disguise 假装； at risk 冒险； in relief 欣慰地。[答案]A11 People in these countries demand equal treatment for all，________race, religion or sex.
A．in defence of B．regardless of
C．instead of D．in support of
[解析]regardless of不管。句意：这些国家的人们要求平等待遇不管种族宗教和性别。[答案]B12 The murderer is________ to be sentenced to life imprisonment.
A．alike B．probable
C．likely D．possible
[解析]sb. is likely to do sth.某人很可能做某事。
[答案]C13 She________ meeting her friends, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
A．declined B．avoided
C．tended D．approved
[解析]avoid doing sth. 避免做某事。[答案]B14 In industrialization it is important to prevent pollution.______ important is to take measures to check the rise in price.
A．Equally B．Generally
C．Similarly D．Namely
[解析]equally同样地，符合句意。generally一般地；similarly类似地；namely也就是说。[答案]A15 ________，the weather in summer is hot in most parts of China.
A．In general B．In short
C．In danger D．In need
[解析]in general一般地。in short 简言之；in danger 处于危险中；in need 需要。[答案]A16 Don't ________in front of your classmates.
A．lose heart B．lose face
C．lose weight D．lose balance
[解析]lose face丢脸。lose heart 灰心；lose weight 减肥；lose balance 失衡。[答案]B17Although the couple didn't choose to sleep in the wild instead of in the hotel, it______ unexpectedly beautiful.
A．turned up B．turned out
C．turned down D．turned around
[解析]turn out结果是。turn up出现；turn down 关小，拒绝；turn around 转回身。[答案]B18 (2012·安徽舒城期中考试)The results of the sports meeting will be ________ on Sunday morning.
A．put away B．put off
C．put up D．put down
[解析]put up张贴，符合句意。句意：运动会的结果将在星期日上午张榜公布。 put away 收起来； put off 拖延； put down 放下，镇压。[答案]C19 I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just________.
A．by nature B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
[解析]in case 以防，万一。by nature 天生地；in return 作为回报；by chance 碰巧。句意：我认为我们以前已谈论过这个话题，但是我将再问一下以防万一。 [答案]C20 ________you eat the correct food________be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A．Only if; will you B．Only if; you will
C．Unless; will you D．Unless; you will
[解析]only＋状语从句位于句首，句子采用部分倒装。
[答案]A 21 —The last one________ pays the meal.
—Agreed!
A．arrived B．arrives
C．to arrive D．arriving
[解析]序数词后用不定式作后置定语。[答案]C22．The prime minister is expected to make a(n)_____ on the policy change this afternoon.
A．account B．mess
C．statement D．argument
[解析]statement 声明。account 说明，账户；mess 杂乱；argument 争论。[答案]C23．The hostess ________ all the guests warmly as they arrived.
A．greeted B．defended
C．eased D．skimmed
[解析]greet 迎接。defend 保卫；ease 减轻；skim 浏览。[答案]A24．He ________ our school to compete in the singing contest and won the first place.
A．underlined B．equipped
C．represented D．campaigned
[解析]represent 代表。underline 在……下划线；equip 装备；campaign 运动。[答案]C25．Don't be too ________ about things you are not supposed to know.
A．direct B．bored
C．curious D．modest
[解析]curious 好奇的。direct 直接的；bored 厌倦的；modest 谦虚的。[答案]C26．At the meeting they discussed three different ________ to the solution to pollution.
A．approaches B．means
C．methods D．ways
[解析]approach 方法，后跟to＋名词。其他三项后跟of doing sth.。[答案]A27．Age is nowadays a ________ factor affecting the chances of employment.
A．raw B．major
C．vast D．rude
[解析]major 主要的。raw 生的；vast 广大的；rude 粗鲁的。[答案]B28．Maria came________ down the stairs like a bird when she heard her mother back home.
A．dashing B．seeking
C．chatting D．gaining
[解析]dash 急冲。seek 寻找；chat 聊天；gain 获得。
[答案]A29．A newspaper's primary ________ is to provide information for readers.
A．action B．operation
C．behaviour D．fun_ction
[解析]fun_ction 功能。action 行动；operation 操作；behaviour 行为。[答案]D31．He joined the army in 2006，and quickly rose to the ______ of captain.
A．flight B．rank
C．adult D．budget
[解析]rank 军衔。flight 航班；adult 成年人；budget 预算。[答案]B30. She often ________ her pressure by taking a walk along the river.
A．approaches B．represents
C．slides D．eases
[解析]ease 缓解。approach 接近；represent 代表；slide 滑动。[答案]D32．At the meeting they discussed three different______
to the study of mathematics.
A．approaches B．means
C．methods D．ways
解析：根据关键词介词to判断，只有approach后才能
跟介词to的名词短语。答案：A33．Though British and American English have some
differences in spelling and pronunciation，they have
much___. A．in general B．in common
C．in place D．in words
解析：句意：虽然英国英语和美国英语在拼写和读音
上有一些差异，然而它们还是有很多共同之处的。
“have much in common”意为“有很多共同之处”，
符合句意。答案：B34．A house may serve many purposes，but its main
________is to provide shelter.
A．rank B．approach
C．fun_ction D．theme
解析：句意：房子有许多用途，但它的主要功能是提
供居住处。fun_ction功能，符合题意。答案：C35．The girl was nervous in front of so many strangers
and we did all we could to make her feel more______.
A．at ease B．in silence
C．for fun D．with joy
解析：句意：当着许多陌生人的面，姑娘有些紧张，
我们尽了最大努力让她感到放松一些。at ease不拘束。
答案：A36．－Have the peace talks broken down?
－Yes. Armed conflict is_____ to break out between
the two countries.
A．likely B．possibly
C．probably D．gradually
解析：根据问句中的broken down可知，这两国间有
可能发生武装冲突。be likely to do sth.很可能会……。
注意：四个选项中，只有likely是形容词，在这里用作
表语。答案：A37．It is said that the girl will have a chance to ____her
country to take part in the 2012 London Olympic Games.
A．support B．Lead C．represent D．guide
解析：represent“代表”。答案：C38．—What do you know about that tennis player?
—He________ third in the world.
A．ranks B．functions
C．dashes D．considers
解析：答句句意：他排名世界第三。rank作动词时，
意思是：“排列，把……分等级”。fun_ction 起作用，
运转；dash猛冲，突进；consider考虑，在句中要用
be considered as结构。答案：A39．Parents，of course，will do everything they could
to ________ their children from harm.
A．defend B．convince
C．overcome D．reduce
解析： defend...from...防止；避免……。答案：A40．Students are warned of not being too ____ about
things they are not supposed to know.
A．strange B．curious
C．conscious D．amusing
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生们被警告不
要对不应知道的事追根问底。be curious about对……
好奇，符合句意。strange陌生的；conscious有知觉的，
有意识的；amusing有乐趣的，好笑的。均不合句意。
答案：B41．By hiking, people can ____ nature and experience
another kind of life. A．close to B．close
C．get close to D．get closed to
解析：句意：通过徒步旅行，人们可以亲近大自然，
体验另一种生活。get close to 走近，接近，符合句意。
答案：C
