北京市房山区2019-2022学年高二上学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
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北京市房山区
2019-2022学年高二上学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
北京市房山区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共14小题;每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.
Amazon Rainforest Tour
A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.
Machu Picchu Tour
This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through the Andes Mountains on the way to the city of Machu Picchu. After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city. Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.
Cusco Tour
Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century. Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture, enjoy the excellent local food, and go shopping at the local markets.
Lake Titicaca Tour
Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca. There a boat will take you to stay with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes are made of water plants from the lake.
So come and experience what Peru has to offer: everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries — old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline.
21. What is special about the Machu Picchu Tour
A. People can explore the rainforest with a local guide.
B. People can stay with a local Uros family on an island.
C. People can enjoy the plants and animals unique to the forest.
D. People can know about the Incas’ dry stone method of building.
22. Which tour would you recommend to people who enjoy local Indian culture
A. Amazon Rainforest Tour. B. Machu Picchu Tour.
C. Cusco Tour. D. Lake Titicaca Tour.
23. Where can you most probably read the passage
A. On a science website. B. In a travel brochure.
C. In an environmental report. D. In a biology magazine.
B
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the grassland in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass. I’m struck by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.
My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Rcserve. It covers an arca of about 120,000 square miles. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.”
The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.
The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I think about the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
24. Why did the writer visit Tibet
A. To watch the Tibetan antelopes. B. To go on a short hike from camp.
C. To see the snow-covered mountains. D. To visit their friend Zhaxi in Changtang.
25. What happened to the Tibetan antelopes in the 1980s and 1990s
A. Their habitats disappeared. B. They were attacked by other animals.
C. They were shot by hunters for money. D. Their population dropped by less than 50 percent.
26. What can we know about the Changtang National Nature Reserve
A. It was built by volunteers and villagers.
B. Its protection programmes have been stopped.
C. It was founded to protect the wildlife that live there.
D. Its antelopes are on the list of endangered species now.
27. What does the author intend to tell us
A The importance of a good lifestyle.
B. Protecting wildlife is protecting ourselves.
C. Changtang is the best place to observe Tibetan antelopes.
D. More volunteers are needed to keep the antelopes from attacks.
C
Bees have been around for over 100 million years, and in that time they have been found in almost every part of the world. There are over 20,000 species of bees. Some bees look very different to the yellow-and-black bees we’re familiar with.
Bees are important to human survival, but due to climate change and habitat destruction, their numbers are in decline. It’s a sad fact that these wonderfully adaptive insects, who’ve survived a whole host of changes since they first appeared on our planet, are now under serious threat. With around one-third of bee species in decline, it’s a critical time for us to do everything we can to support them.
It’s easy to see why the loss of bees would be catastrophic — we couldn’t survive without pollinators (传粉者) — but their extinction would have an impact well beyond their role in providing the food we eat. If a bee species dies out, the plants and trees that depend on it are affected too; in turn, the creatures who feed or live on those plants are affected and so on up the food chain.
While it may seem that we can’t do much as individuals to deal with some of these bigger issues, we can certainly work together with others to raise awareness about them and bring about change. If you’re passionate about bees, spread love. Share your knowledge — fascinating facts and a few scary statistics — and see if you can encourage your friends and family to become bee-friendly too. You could engage in a little positive bee project: explain that most bees don’t sting people, for example, or that honeybees in a swarm are simply looking for a new place to nest, they’re not out to attack.
Some environmental protection organizations and other charities are working hard to raise awareness of the problems bees are facing. Supporting these groups is one way of helping bees — through raising funds, following them on social media and sharing campaign details. Search information all you can about bees in your area to see what factors are affecting them locally, and look out for action groups to see if a plan is in place to help.
28. What can we learn from the passage
A. Most bees in a swarm will attack people.
B. About half of the planet’s bee species are declining.
C. There are over 20,000 species of yellow-and-black bees.
D. Some creatures can be affected if a bee species dies out.
29. What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Limited. B. Effective. C. Renewable. D. Harmful.
30. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A. To call on people to help save bees. B. To share knowledge of beekeeping.
C. To introduce a bee-friendly project. D. To stress the impact of climate change.
D
The mangrove tree might not look very impressive, but it is an essential part of our ecosystem. However, more than half of the mangrove forests have been destroyed in the past century. Several World Heritage Sites have been listed largely because of their mangrove ecosystems. Among them are the Sundarbans across India and Bangladesh, the Everglades National Park in the US, and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
Being a World Heritage Site requires for the mangroves to be protected. However, one country in Asia has gone further by having a five-year program to protect and conserve all their mangroves. They even have a mangrove museum and observe World Mangrove Day. This country is Sri Lanka. Why are mangrove trees so important to Sri Lanka and to other countries where mangroves grow
The mangrove tree grows along coastal saltwater shorelines. They have adapted to the harsh coastal weather and have deep roots. This means that they are strong and cannot be easily removed. In countries where natural disasters such as tsunamis and cyclones occur, the forests provide protection. The villages in Sri Lanka with full mangrove forests have suffered less damage when hit by these natural disasters. The reason is that the mangroves break up the force and strength of the waves.
The mangroves also quickly absorb carbon dioxide and send oxygen into the atmosphere. This makes them an important part of the fight against climate change. They absorb far more carbon dioxide than other types of forest, and store it in their structure and even in the soil. This is important as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to be a cause of detrimental changes in the weather, such as global warming.
The strong roots also provide protection for young fish as they grow. With the oceans around the world being overfished, it is important to maintain the ecological balance in the oceans. For Sri Lanka, one of the threats to the mangrove forests is the shrimp farms being set up. To build saltwater ponds for the shrimps, the mangroves are cut down. This has resulted in fewer fish surviving among the mangrove roots and fewer fish being caught by the fishermen. The local fishing communities noticed that they were losing money and it made them aware of how important the mangroves were. They are now helping to conserve the forests.
Sri Lanka is showing that a nation can preserve all of its mangroves. The conservation model they have can be used by other countries. It might take many years of planning, but the benefits of saving mangroves definitely outweigh the costs.
31. What do we know about the mangrove trees from the passage
A. They are mainly grown in Australia.
B. They can prevent young fish from growing.
C. They have been damaged by natural disasters.
D. They are less impressive but important to the ecosystem.
32. What has been done in Sri Lanka to protect mangroves
A. A world mangrove festival has been founded.
B. Saltwater ponds for the shrimps have been set up.
C. A 5-year mangroves protecting program has been started.
D. More mangroves along the coastal areas have been grown.
33. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. The mangroves can keep the ecological balance in the oceans.
B. The mangroves are essential for fighting against climate change.
C. The mangroves have deep roots and hold the soil in place firmly.
D. The mangroves can break up the force and strength of the waves.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the future conservation of mangroves
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
北京市房山区2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共14小题;每小题2分, 满分28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳答案。
A
Effective Educational Apps
School teachers and anxious parents are trying everything not to let smart phones affect your education. But all their attempts ended in vain. Now mobile apps are changing the educational landscape. Here, we will show you some of those best free educational apps to help you see smart phones as a tool for learning.
Google Classroom
Google classroom is a virtual classroom. We can use it for sending announcements, creating classes, starting discussions, submitting and grading assignments, asking for remarks and answers, sharing resources, and so on. Teachers share code with the class and the students can join by just entering the codes. That's all it takes to create a virtual classroom.
EDX
EDX brings famous universities to your fingertips. No matter what you need to learn, EDX will be there for you every step of the way. There are more than 2000 courses of top universities in EDX, such as computer science, business studies, linguistics, engineering, and many more.
The professional certificates and university credit you get from these courses will always be valuable for you in building a professional career.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy provides a free and world-class education for young students. Khan Academy has a unique way to drive knowledge into your brains. All lessons are in forms of video tutorials. And the narrator describes each lesson through these drawings. Pretty simple, right
Khan Academy also provides online courses for preparing for standardized tests like SAT, MCAT, LSAT, and so on.
Duolingo
Duolingo helps us learn many languages like English, French, Spanish, Mandarin, Latin, etc. in a fun and interactive way. It starts with basic picture labeling games. As you complete more levels, there will be many different kinds of engaging games that will improve your vocabulary and grammar skills.
'The app also tracks your performance to provide insights. If you do well, you'll receive XPs. The more XPs you get, the more sets of interactive stories will be unlocked to improve your reading and listening comprehension.
21. Which of the following is one of the reasons of Google classroom
A. It supports a virtual classroom.
B. It offers different kinds of games.
C. It contains many courses of top universities
D. It has online courses related to standard tests
22. If you prefer learning through watching, you may like _____________.
A. Google classroom B. Khan Academy. C. Duolingo D EDX
23. The passage is manly intended for ______________.
A. school teachers B. anxious parents
C. school students D. software designers
B
Smartphone, a smart choice
I was a smartphone addict. My eyes were glued to the little screen whenever I walked down the street, had dinner with friends or lay in bed at night. The first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was reach for my phone. I always asked for Wi-Fi connections when I went to a new restaurant or coffee shop. A dead battery in my smartphone would make me feel stressed. Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up too much of my time, but it was difficult to quit the habit.
Then the day came when I finally realized I had to make a change. Head down, eyes on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, nearly knocking me off my feet! At that very moment, I made up my mind to spend a whole week without my smartphone.
The first day was the hardest. I was used to checking the news and my friends’ social media updates every few minutes, but now I did not know what to do with myself. I kept reaching for my pocket, for my smartphone that was not there. I felt lost and anxious, as if I had missed something of value.
It was scary at first. Then somehow I began to feel free. Therefore, I picked up the classic novel I had always wanted to read and was soon lost in the beautiful language. I kept a journal of my feelings, thoughts and daily activities to see how much progress I was making. I went out for a run and felt more alive than I had in days.
My offline relationships benefited as well. I went for a long walk with an old friend. With eyes no longer fixed on our phones, we had a chance to really enjoy each other's company. I also made sure to spend more time with my parents. We went to the opera, played badminton, and visited museums. One night, my mother took out some family photos and we laughed about old times.
Most importantly, I thought I began to appreciate the beauty of life with my own eyes, instead of through my smartphone camera.
By the end of the week, I almost did not want to turn my phone back on. Those seven days have given me a great appreciation for life beyond the screen. Real life and real relationships are more important to me now. I cannot escape from the modern world, but I can cut back on the amount of time I spend on my smartphone every day.
24 What was probably the author's real problem
A. He missed something of great value.
B. He was addicted to reading classic novels.
C. He was lost on the road and was nearly hit by a car.
D. He was used to spending too much time on his smartphone.
25. What did the author like best after getting his problem solved
A. He had the experience of feeling free.
B. He benefited a lot from the offline relationships.
C. He could enjoy the beauty of life with his own eyes.
D. He developed himself by reading and recording his progress.
26. What does the author learn from his experience
A. Real life and relationships are more important.
B. Reading makes him enjoy his life to the fullest
C. He should hold on to his dream and never give up.
D. Breaking bad habits makes him live a successful life.
C
As Mark Zuckerberg begins changing Facebook to private messaging and away from public sharing and open conversations, the vision he has thought of for the future of social networking already exists —just not in the United States. Instead, it is a reality in C'hina through a messaging app called WeChat.
Developed by the Chinese internet giant（大公司） Tencent in 201l, WeChat lets people message each other via one-on-one texts, audio or video calls. Users can also from groups of as many as 500 people on WeChat to discuss and debate the issues of the day.
While Facebook users often see ads in their News Feeds, WeChat users only see one o two ads a day in their Moment feeds. That's because WeChat doesn't depend on advertising or making money. Mr. Zhang said. "If WeChat were a person, it would have to be your best friend so that you would be willing to spend so much time with it. How could I post an ad on the face of your best friend " WeChat has a mobile payments system that has been widely adopted in China, which allows people to shop, play games, pay bills and order meal deliveries all from within the app. WeChat gets a commission（酬金）from many of these services.
"WeChat has shown that private messaging, especially the small groups, is the future, "sad Jeffrey Towson, a professor of investment at Peking University. "It has shown the path of business and life. "
What is happening in China offers clues to not only how Facebook may carry out its shift, but how the internet more broadly might change. Many of Silicon Valley's tech giants depend today on online advertising to make enough money to keep growing and innovating on new services. Some call online ads the lifeblood of the internet. But WeChat, which has 1. I billion monthly active users, shows that other models—particularly those based on payments and commerce—can support massive digital businesses.
On WeChat services are underpinned by its mobile payments system, WeChat Pay. Because payment is already tied into the messaging service, people can easily order meal deliveries, book hotels, hail ride-sharing cars and pay their bills. WeChat Pay itself has 900 million monthly active users.
People also use WeChat Pay to transfer money and to buy personal finance products. More than 100 million customers have purchased WeChat's personal finance products, which managed over 500 billion yuan, or $74 billion, by the end of last September, Tencent has said. Its users can buy everything from bonds and insurance to money market funds through the app
Facebook lacks such a payment system. To make Facebook a private messaging product, Mr. Zuckerberg may have a lot else to learn from Allen Zhang, the creator of WeChat.
pared with WeChat, Facebook __________________.
A. has more online users B. is a more private product
C. has a better payment system D. relies more on online advertisements
28 What does the underlined part "underpinned" in the sixth paragraph mean
A. Separated. B. Supported. C. Decided. D. Restored.
29. According to the author, Facebook should___________________.
A. depend on personal finance products
B. learn from WeChat to make improvement
C. offer public sharing and open conversations
D. buy the mobile payment system from Tencent
30. What does the passage imply
A. Facebook needs a payment system to meet the market.
B. Both WeChat and Facebook support digital businesses.
C. Facebook as an online social media company is not popular.
D. Facebook will show the path of business and life in the future.
D
When I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously useful. But then during the War I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk
I had to ask myself, "Is there some evil （罪恶）involved n science What is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do
It is a responsibility to consider the value of science itself.
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value; however, the power may be decided by what one does with it. Our responsibility is to do what we should to improve the solutions and pass them on.
Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with. When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we urn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.
I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance. When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he Is still in some doubt
Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for uncertainty. Permit us to question—to doubt-to be unsure.
It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom, to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed, and to ensure this freedom for all coming generations.
31 What's the author's purpose in writing the first paragraph
A. To lead in the topic.
B. To introduce his experience.
C. To indicate what he did brought disaster.
D. To warn readers of the possible danger of science.
32. The author intends to tell us that ______________.
A. sometimes science may put our future at risk
B. it is acceptable for scientists to live and not know
C. sometimes scientific knowledge is used to do bad things
D. we should respect the value of science and do what we can
33. What is the author's attitude towards science
A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Cautious.
34. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Scientific Effort B. Freedom of Thought
C. The Value of Science D. Scientists' Responsibility
北京市房山区2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Tsinghua University Library
HOME FIND SERVICE E-RESOURCES ABOUT THE LIRARY
Library Card Borrowing Reference Interlibrary Loan
Visitors Facilities Training Suggest a Purchase
Library Card 1. Cards for International Students International students can borrow books and access many library services with your valid IC Cards. However, you should open your library privilege online before the first borrowing from the library. You can click here for more details: http://tempcard.lib.tsinghua26. How much should a visiting scholar deposit to borrow books
A. 1400.00. B. 1100.00.
C. 300.00. D. 1000.00.
27. To get a library card, temporary staff without IC Cards should prepare the following things except ________.
A. his ID card B. his CPU card
C. an Introduction Letter D. an electronic ID photo
28. Where can you see this text
A. On a university website. B. In a university magazine.
C. On a board in the campus. D. In a brochure sent to new students.
B
John Otway
John Otway has been playing music and making records in the UK for more than 40 years. Over the years he has released more than ten albums. He has played hundreds of concerts. He has written two autobiographies. He has worked with some of the country’s best musicians and he has even made a film about his life. But despite all of this, most people have never heard of him.
Otway released his first record in 1972, but it was the Punk Movement a few years later that really gave him his big chance. Otway wasn’t the greatest musician but his songs were always fun, and his performances on stage were always entertaining - there was a good chance he would fall off the stage at least once in each show. The punks liked him, and in 1977 he had a small hit when his single Really Free made it to No. 27 in the UK top 40 charts. Otway really enjoyed his success but unfortunately, no more came. Not one of his records over the next 30 years was a hit.
Although he never had much commercial success, Otway had a lot of very loyal fans. When someone asked him what he would like for his 50th birthday, his reply was: “A second hit.” His fans went out and bought as many copies of the new single Bunsen Burner as they could. And in October 2002, Otway finally saw his wish come true. In a chart that featured international superstars like Pink, Will Young and Oasis, Bunsen Burner made it to No. 9. Many high street shops refused to sell the record, saying that Otway was too old and unattractive for the teenage market. Otway didn’t care. He celebrated his success with an appearance on TV’s biggest music show Top of the Pops.
These days John Otway continues to play his music around the country, and there are always plenty of people who are happy to go and watch him perform. He’s a great example for anyone who loves making music. You don’t have to be young, good-looking (or even very talented) to enjoy a long career in the music business.
29. From paragraph 1, we know that ________.
A. John Otway has released hundreds of albums
B. John Otway never worked with best musicians
C. John Otway has written hundreds of autobiographies
D. John Otway is not well-known in the UK as a musician
30. John Otway saw his wish come true when he released ________.
A. Really Free B. Bunsen Burner
C. Top of the Pops D. his first record
31. Why were some street shops unwilling to sell his single Bunsen Burner
A. They thought it was terrible.
B. It wasn’t a very big hit.
C. John Otway didn’t want them to have it.
D. They thought teenagers would not like to buy it.
32. What can we learn from the passage
A. Musicians have to be young and attractive.
B. Success isn’t important in our life.
C. We should be determined to do what we love.
D. Musicians do much better as they get older.
C
A dozen international coffee experts moved around a long wooden table, pausing at each steaming cup, heads dipping,smelling and tasting. In the wings, coffee farmer Yang Fan watches attentively as the judges’ circle, awaiting a decision on her latest crop of beans.
In recent years, China is fast developing a reputation as a top coffee producer. This tasting was a side event to the first ever Pu’er International Specialty Coffee Expo in China’s southwestern Yunnan province, which ran this winter and drew more than a thousand attendees, including industry aficionados (酷爱者) from across the globe.
“Coffee has huge potential in China,” says Liu Ying, who is working in private investment in Beijing to grow coffee in Pu’er five years ago. “The younger generation prefers to drink coffee in their offices much more than tea.” Still, Pu’er remains synonymous with tea. In a region of China known for thousands of years of tea growing, a new crop is beginning to change the country’s landscape: coffee. This town near the Laos border is surrounded by the green hills scored with tea plantations; it produces a variety of tea which is also called Pu’er. But the region’s mild climate is also perfect for growing Arabica coffee. And as China’s young people move away from traditional tea in favor of the invigorating coffee, Pu’er’s farmers are catering to the demand. Yunnan accounts for 98% of China’s coffee harvest, with half coming from the misty landscape around Pu’er. Today, China is the 13th biggest coffee producer in the world - rising from zero output three decades ago to 136,000 tons annually today.
In April, Seattle’s annual Specialty Coffee Expo decided to showcase China as its portrait country of origin. It follows on the heels of Starbucks’ launching its first single-origin Yunnan coffee last year after eight years of partnership with Yunnan farmers.
With global coffee prices at record lows, Yunnan farmers are processing beans in bespoke (定制的) ways to create distinct flavors -allowing them to enter the market of specialty coffee. “At current coffee prices, I can’t even feed my family,” says the farmer Yang. “My only way out is to produce specialty coffee, to make the best coffee beans.” That means letting beans dry in their cherries, thus producing a wild, fruity flavor, or allowing them to “honey” in their sugary inner layer, which adds a slight sweetness.
“If I told you this was Colombian or Panama coffee, nobody would argue with me,” says Samuel Gurel, CEO of Pu’er’s Torch Coffee Roasters, as Yang breaks into a laughter. “It’s a great example of how Chinese coffee is evolving.”
33. What is the best title of the passage
A. Coffee gains ground in China’s tea-growing heartland
B. Coffee is taking the place of Pu’er tea in Yunnan province.
C. Bespoke coffee in Ynnnan has a variety of flavors.
D. China has become a top coffee producer in the world.
34. People grow coffee in Pu’er because ________.
A. they have the tradition to plant coffee
B. Starbuck needs coffee from Yunnan province
C. coffee planted there has a special flavor
D. they think coffee has great potential in China
35. What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean
A. Pu’er cannot produce coffee.
B. Coffee enjoys a good reputation.
C. Pu’er is most famous for its tea.
D Coffee is as popular as coffee.
36. What does Samuel Gurel think of Yang’s coffee beans
A. He is worried about it. B. He thinks highly of it.
C. He doubts about its future. D. He shows no interest in it.
D
Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence software to recognize the faces of chimpanzees in the wild. The new software will allow researchers to significantly cut back on time and resources spent analyzing video footage.
“For species like chimpanzees, which have complex social lives and live for many years, recording their behavior from short-term field research can only tell us so much.” says Dan Schofield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxford University’s Primate Models Lab. “By using the power of machine learning to unlock large video footage, it makes it feasible to measure behavior over the long term. Observing how the social lives of a group change over several generations become possible as well.”
The computer model was trained using over 10 million images from Kyoto University’s Primate Research Institute (PRI) video footage of wild chimpanzees in West Africa. The new software is the first to recognize individuals in a wide range of poses performing with high accuracy in difficult conditions such as low lighting, poor image quality and movement blur (模糊).
“Access to this large video footage has allowed us to use cutting edge deep neural networks to train models at a scale that was previously not possible.” says Arsha Nagrani, co-author of the study and DPhil student in University of Oxford. “Additionally, our method differs from previous primate face recognition software in that it can be applied to raw video footage with limited manual intervention (人工干预) or pre-processing, saving hours of time and resources.”
The technology has potential for many uses, such as monitoring species for protection. Although the current application focused on chimpanzees, the software provided could be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of artificial intelligence systems to solve a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.
“All our software is available open-source for the research community.” says Nagrani. “We hope that this will help researchers across other parts of the world apply the same cutting-edge techniques to their unique animal data sets. As a computer vision researcher, it is extremely satisfying to see these methods applied to solve real, challenging biodiversity (生物多样性) problems.”
“With an increasing biodiversity crisis and many of the world’s ecosystems under threat, the ability to closely monitor different species and populations using systems will be important for protection efforts, as well as animal behavior research.” adds Schofield. “Interdisciplinary cooperation like this have huge potential to make an impact, by finding solutions for old problems, and asking biological questions which were previously not available on a large scale.”
37. What’s the function of the new artificial intelligence software
A. Analyzing video footage in difficult conditions.
B. Recognizing the faces of chimpanzees in the wild.
C. Cutting edge deep neural networks to train models at a scale.
D. Saving hours of time and resources without manual intervention.
38. What does the underlined word “feasible” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. possible B. important
C. natural D. official
39. From the passage, we know that the artificial intelligence software could ________.
A. recognize individuals but not clearly
B. save time and resources only
C. help to protect different species
D. hardly solve biodiversity problems
40. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce a new software.
B. To explain a measure.
C. To assess a project.
D. To describe a procedure.
答案：
北京市房山区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去秘鲁旅行的四种旅游套餐。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Machu Picchu Tour中“Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. (尤其令人惊叹的是印加人的干石建造法)”可知，马丘比丘之旅的独特之处在于人们可以知道印加人的干石建造方法。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Cusco Tour部分中“Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century.(在安第斯山脉高处的库斯科，花四天时间欣赏独特的西班牙和当地的印度文化，库斯科是13世纪至16世纪印加帝国的首都)”可知，你会向喜欢印度当地文化的人推荐Cusco Tour。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.(秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，主要有三个地区：狭窄、干燥、平坦的海岸、安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林)”可知，本文是一篇关于去秘鲁旅行包价旅游的广告宣传，因此你最可能在旅行手册上读到这篇文章。故选B项。
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中记录了去西藏观察藏羚羊的经历，并且在与导游扎西的沟通中了解到保护藏羚羊，保护自然的重要性。由此感悟：人类应与自然和谐共生。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“On the grassland in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.(在我们面前的草地上，勉强可以辨认出一群姿态优美的动物。这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊)”可知，作者去西藏的目的是为了观察姿态优美的动物——藏羚羊。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money.(上世纪八九十年代是藏羚羊的艰难时期。数量下降了50%以上。猎人们猎杀羚羊来赚钱)”可知，在上世纪八九十年代，藏羚羊被猎人为了钱枪杀了。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Rcserve. It covers an arca of about 120,000 square miles. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet.(我的导游是长塘村民扎西。他在羌塘国家级自然保护区工作。它占地约12万平方英里。该保护区是西藏西北部动植物的避难所)”可知，羌塘国家级自然保护区的建立是为了保护生活在那里的野生动物。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(保护野生动物已经做了很多工作，但如果我们真的想拯救地球，我们必须改变我们的生活方式。只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时，我们才能不再威胁野生动物和我们的星球)”可推知，作者想告诉我们保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。故选B。
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述由于气候变化和栖息地的破坏，导致蜜蜂的数量在减少，并说明了蜜蜂减少给人类和其他生物带来危害。呼吁人们提高对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识，并寻找行动小组以查看是否有计划提供帮助。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文第三段“If a bee species dies out, the plants and trees that depend on it are affected too; in turn, the creatures who feed or live on those plants are affected and so on up the food chain.”（如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，依赖它生存的植物和树木也会受到影响；反过来，以这些植物为食或生活的生物也会受到影响，如此循环往复。）可知如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，有些生物将会受影响。故选D项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据原文第三段“we couldn’t survive without pollinators (传粉者) — but their extinction would have an impact well beyond their role in providing the food we eat.”（没有传粉者我们就无法生存——但它们的灭绝将产生的影响远远超出它们为我们提供食物的作用）可知没有传粉者我们无法生存，这是非常具有危害性的。A. Limited 有限的；B Effective 有效的；C. Renewable可再生的；D. Harmful 有害的。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。文章前面提出蜜蜂的减少和假设某一种类的灭绝将会造成的危害，并由文章最后一段“Some environmental protection organizations and other charities are working hard to raise awareness of the problems bees are facing. Supporting these groups is one way of helping bees — through raising funds, following them on social media and sharing campaign details.”（一些环保组织和其他慈善机构正在努力提高人们对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识。支持这些团体是帮助蜜蜂的一种方式——通过筹集资金、在社交媒体上关注它们并分享活动细节。）可知作者意呼吁人们要提高对蜜蜂所面临的问题的认识以及这些问题会给人类和其他生物带来的危害，希望人们要做点事情去拯救蜜蜂。故选A项。
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了红树林对生态系统的重要作用以及为保护红树林斯里兰卡所采取的一些措施。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The mangrove tree might not look very impressive, but it is an essential part of our ecosystem.(红树林可能看起来不是很令人印象深刻，但它是我们生态系统的重要组成部分)”可知，红树林不那么令人印象深刻，但对生态系统很重要。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, one country in Asia has gone further by having a five-year program to protect and conserve all their mangroves. They even have a mangrove museum and observe World Mangrove Day. This country is Sri Lanka.(然而，亚洲有一个国家走得更远，制定了一项为期五年的计划来保护和保护他们所有的红树林。他们甚至有一个红树林博物馆，并庆祝世界红树林日。这个国家就是斯里兰卡)”可知，斯里兰卡采取启动一项为期五年的红树林保护计划，来保护红树林。故选C。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The mangroves also quickly absorb carbon dioxide and send oxygen into the atmosphere. This makes them an important part of the fight against climate change. They absorb far more carbon dioxide than other types of forest, and store it in their structure and even in the soil. This is important as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to be a cause of detrimental changes in the weather, such as global warming.(红树林还能迅速吸收二氧化碳，并将氧气输送到大气中。这使它们成为对抗气候变化的重要组成部分。它们比其他类型的森林吸收更多的二氧化碳，并将其储存在它们的结构中，甚至储存在土壤中。这一点很重要，因为大气中的二氧化碳被认为是造成全球变暖等有害天气变化的原因)”可知，第四段主要讲了红树林对应对气候变化至关重要。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sri Lanka is showing that a nation can preserve all of its mangroves. The conservation model they have can be used by other countries. It might take many years of planning, but the benefits of saving mangroves definitely outweigh the costs.(斯里兰卡正在展示一个国家可以保护它所有的红树林。他们的保护模式可以被其他国家借鉴。这可能需要多年的规划，但拯救红树林的好处绝对大于成本)”可推知，作者对未来保护红树林的态度是积极的。故选A。
北京市房山区2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
21-23 ABC 24-26 DCA 27-30 BBBA 31-34 AACC
北京市房山区2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】26. D 27. B 28. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了清华大学图书馆不同人员办理图书借阅卡的说明，包括所需材料和价格等信息。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据Visiting Scholars & Teachers taking Refresher Course in Continuing Education Office部分中Deposit (押金)： 1000.00: valid for 60 books both in Chinese and foreign language.可知押金:￥1000.00元，仅限60本中英文书籍。由此可知，访问学者借书需付1000元押金。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据Temporary Staff Without IC Cards部分中You should take your ID Card, electronic ID photo (jpg, send to bzhch@lib.tsinghua.), your supervisor signed Introduction Letter from your work department which have an agreement with the library, and fees when applying for a CPU Card at Library Card Center.可知请带好身份证、电子身份证照片(jpg格式并发送至bzhch@lib.tsinhua.)、与图书馆签订协议的所在部门的主管签署的介绍信，以及在图书证中心申请CPU卡的费用。由此可知，办理借书证时，无IC卡的临时工作人员不需要准备CPU卡。故选B。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章Cards for International Students部分中You can click here for more details:http://tempcard.lib.tsinghua【点睛】文章出处类推理判断题。做这类题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征，这是推理判断的前提和基础。如报纸，前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等；广告，其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明、器皿设备的使用说明有产品名称或操作方法，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等。
如第三小题，根据文章Cards for International Students部分中You can click here for more details:http://tempcard.lib.tsinghua【答案】29. D 30. B 31. D 32. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国音乐家John Otway虽然在英国演奏音乐和制作唱片超过40年，但是毫无名气。文章说明了John Otway从事音乐家以来的事迹，虽然John Otway没有名气但是他忠于自己喜爱的事业没有放弃。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中But despite all of this, most people have never heard of him.可知尽管如此，大多数人从未听说过他。由此可知，John Otway在英国作为音乐家并不出名。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中His fans went out and bought as many copies of the new single Bunsen Burner as they could. And in October 2002, Otway finally saw his wish come true.可知他的粉丝们出去买了尽可能多的Bunsen Burner专辑。2002年10月，Otway的愿望终于实现了。由此可知，当John Otway发布Bunsen Burner专辑后，他的愿望实现了。故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Many high street shops refused to sell the record, saying that Otway was too old and unattractive for the teenage market.可知许多商业街的商店拒绝出售这张唱片，说奥特威唱片太老了，对青少年市场没有吸引力。由此可知，一些街头商店不愿意卖他的Bunsen Burner专辑，因为他们认为青少年不会愿意买。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容主要讲述了英国音乐家John Otway虽然在英国演奏音乐和制作唱片超过40年，但是毫无名气。文章说明了John Otway从事音乐家以来的事迹，虽然John Otway没有名气但是他忠于自己喜爱的事业没有放弃。可知由此可推知，从这篇文章中我们能了解到，我们应该下定决心去做我们喜欢做的事。故选C。
【答案】33. A 34. D 35. C 36. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了以种植茶叶而闻名数千年的普洱开始种植咖啡，并获得了良好口碑。这是因为随着中国的年轻人从传统的茶叶转向提神的咖啡，普洱茶的种植者也在迎合这种需求。而随着全球咖啡价格跌至历史最低水平，云南农民开始用定制的方式加工咖啡豆，以创造独特的口味，从而进入专业咖啡市场。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段In recent years, China is fast developing a reputation as a top coffee producer. This tasting was a side event to the first ever Pu’er International Specialty Coffee Expo in China’s southwestern Yunnan province, which ran this winter and drew more than a thousand attendees, including industry aficionados from across the globe.可知近年来，中国迅速发展成为世界著名的咖啡生产国。这次品鉴会是中国西南云南省首届普洱国际特色咖啡博览会的一个附带活动，该博览会于今年冬天举办，吸引了1000多名与会者，其中包括来自全球各地的咖啡爱好者。结合文章主要内容为说明以种植茶叶而闻名数千年的普洱开始种植咖啡，并获得了良好口碑。由此可知A选项“咖啡在中国茶叶种植的中心地带获得了发展”符合文章标题。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Coffee has huge potential in China,” says Liu Ying, who is working in private investment in Beijing to grow coffee in Pu’er five years ago. “The younger generation prefers to drink coffee in their offices much more than tea.”可知“咖啡在中国有巨大的潜力，”五年前在北京从事私人投资、在普洱种植咖啡的Liu Ying说。“年轻一代更喜欢在办公室喝咖啡，而不是茶。”由此可知，人们在普洱种植咖啡，因为他们认为咖啡在中国有巨大的潜力。故选D。
【35题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文In a region of China known for thousands of years of tea growing可知普洱在中国是一个以种植茶叶而闻名数千年的地区，普洱以茶出名。故可知划线句子意思为：普洱最出名的是它的茶。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If I told you this was Colombian or Panama coffee, nobody would argue with me,” says Samuel Gurel, CEO of Pu’er’s Torch Coffee Roasters, as Yang breaks into a laughter.可知“如果我告诉你这是哥伦比亚或巴拿马咖啡，没人会和我争论，”普洱火炬咖啡烘焙公司的首席执行官Samuel Gurel说，Yang哈哈大笑。由此可推知Samuel Gurel对Yang的咖啡豆评价很高。故选B。
【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。如第四小题，根据最后一段中“If I told you this was Colombian or Panama coffee, nobody would argue with me,” says Samuel Gurel, CEO of Pu’er’s Torch Coffee Roasters, as Yang breaks into a laughter.可知“如果我告诉你这是哥伦比亚或巴拿马咖啡，没人会和我争论，”普洱火炬咖啡烘焙公司的首席执行官Samuel Gurel说，Yang哈哈大笑。由此可推知Samuel Gurel对Yang的咖啡豆评价很高。故选B。
【答案】37. B 38. A 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新的人工智能软件，这种软件可以识别和追踪黑猩猩的面孔，大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间，而且它还可以应用到其他的物种研究。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence software to recognize the faces of chimpanzees in the wild.可知牛津大学的科学家们开发了新的人工智能软件来识别野生黑猩猩的脸。由此可知，新的人工智能软件的功能是识别出野生黑猩猩的脸。故选B。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前文By using the power of machine learning to unlock large video footage和后文to measure behavior over the long term. Observing how the social lives of a group change over several generations become possible as well.可知通过使用机器学习的力量来解锁大型视频片段，这使得长期测量行为成为可能，观察一个群体的社会生活如何在几代人之间发生变化也成为可能。由此可知划线单词意思是“可能的”。故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中Although the current application focused on chimpanzees, the software provided could be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of artificial intelligence systems to solve a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.可知虽然目前的应用主要集中在黑猩猩身上，但提供的软件可以应用于其他物种，并有助于推动人工智能系统的采用，以解决野生动物科学中的一系列问题。由此可知，这个人工智能软件可以应用于其他物种，有助于保护不同的物种。故选C。
40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence software to recognize the faces of chimpanzees in the wild.可知牛津大学的科学家们开发了新的人工智能软件来识别野生黑猩猩的脸。结合文章主要介绍了一种新的人工智能软件，这种软件可以识别和追踪黑猩猩的面孔，大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间，而且它还可以应用到其他的物种研究。由此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一种新软件。故选A。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。
② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。
⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
如第二小题，就属于语境猜词，根据前文By using the power of machine learning to unlock large video footage和后文to measure behavior over the long term. Observing how the social lives of a group change over several generations become possible as well.可知通过使用机器学习的力量来解锁大型视频片段，这使得长期测量行为成为可能，观察一个群体的社会生活如何在几代人之间发生变化也成为可能。由此可知划线单词意思是“可能的”。故选A。
2019-2022学年高二上学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
北京市房山区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共14小题;每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.
Amazon Rainforest Tour
A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.
Machu Picchu Tour
This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through the Andes Mountains on the way to the city of Machu Picchu. After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city. Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.
Cusco Tour
Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century. Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture, enjoy the excellent local food, and go shopping at the local markets.
Lake Titicaca Tour
Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca. There a boat will take you to stay with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes are made of water plants from the lake.
So come and experience what Peru has to offer: everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries — old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline.
21. What is special about the Machu Picchu Tour
A. People can explore the rainforest with a local guide.
B. People can stay with a local Uros family on an island.
C. People can enjoy the plants and animals unique to the forest.
D. People can know about the Incas’ dry stone method of building.
22. Which tour would you recommend to people who enjoy local Indian culture
A. Amazon Rainforest Tour. B. Machu Picchu Tour.
C. Cusco Tour. D. Lake Titicaca Tour.
23. Where can you most probably read the passage
A. On a science website. B. In a travel brochure.
C. In an environmental report. D. In a biology magazine.
B
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the grassland in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass. I’m struck by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.
My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Rcserve. It covers an arca of about 120,000 square miles. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.”
The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.
The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I think about the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
24. Why did the writer visit Tibet
A. To watch the Tibetan antelopes. B. To go on a short hike from camp.
C. To see the snow-covered mountains. D. To visit their friend Zhaxi in Changtang.
25. What happened to the Tibetan antelopes in the 1980s and 1990s
A. Their habitats disappeared. B. They were attacked by other animals.
C. They were shot by hunters for money. D. Their population dropped by less than 50 percent.
26. What can we know about the Changtang National Nature Reserve
A. It was built by volunteers and villagers.
B. Its protection programmes have been stopped.
C. It was founded to protect the wildlife that live there.
D. Its antelopes are on the list of endangered species now.
27. What does the author intend to tell us
A The importance of a good lifestyle.
B. Protecting wildlife is protecting ourselves.
C. Changtang is the best place to observe Tibetan antelopes.
D. More volunteers are needed to keep the antelopes from attacks.
C
Bees have been around for over 100 million years, and in that time they have been found in almost every part of the world. There are over 20,000 species of bees. Some bees look very different to the yellow-and-black bees we’re familiar with.
Bees are important to human survival, but due to climate change and habitat destruction, their numbers are in decline. It’s a sad fact that these wonderfully adaptive insects, who’ve survived a whole host of changes since they first appeared on our planet, are now under serious threat. With around one-third of bee species in decline, it’s a critical time for us to do everything we can to support them.
It’s easy to see why the loss of bees would be catastrophic — we couldn’t survive without pollinators (传粉者) — but their extinction would have an impact well beyond their role in providing the food we eat. If a bee species dies out, the plants and trees that depend on it are affected too; in turn, the creatures who feed or live on those plants are affected and so on up the food chain.
While it may seem that we can’t do much as individuals to deal with some of these bigger issues, we can certainly work together with others to raise awareness about them and bring about change. If you’re passionate about bees, spread love. Share your knowledge — fascinating facts and a few scary statistics — and see if you can encourage your friends and family to become bee-friendly too. You could engage in a little positive bee project: explain that most bees don’t sting people, for example, or that honeybees in a swarm are simply looking for a new place to nest, they’re not out to attack.
Some environmental protection organizations and other charities are working hard to raise awareness of the problems bees are facing. Supporting these groups is one way of helping bees — through raising funds, following them on social media and sharing campaign details. Search information all you can about bees in your area to see what factors are affecting them locally, and look out for action groups to see if a plan is in place to help.
28. What can we learn from the passage
A. Most bees in a swarm will attack people.
B. About half of the planet’s bee species are declining.
C. There are over 20,000 species of yellow-and-black bees.
D. Some creatures can be affected if a bee species dies out.
29. What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Limited. B. Effective. C. Renewable. D. Harmful.
30. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A. To call on people to help save bees. B. To share knowledge of beekeeping.
C. To introduce a bee-friendly project. D. To stress the impact of climate change.
D
The mangrove tree might not look very impressive, but it is an essential part of our ecosystem. However, more than half of the mangrove forests have been destroyed in the past century. Several World Heritage Sites have been listed largely because of their mangrove ecosystems. Among them are the Sundarbans across India and Bangladesh, the Everglades National Park in the US, and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
Being a World Heritage Site requires for the mangroves to be protected. However, one country in Asia has gone further by having a five-year program to protect and conserve all their mangroves. They even have a mangrove museum and observe World Mangrove Day. This country is Sri Lanka. Why are mangrove trees so important to Sri Lanka and to other countries where mangroves grow
The mangrove tree grows along coastal saltwater shorelines. They have adapted to the harsh coastal weather and have deep roots. This means that they are strong and cannot be easily removed. In countries where natural disasters such as tsunamis and cyclones occur, the forests provide protection. The villages in Sri Lanka with full mangrove forests have suffered less damage when hit by these natural disasters. The reason is that the mangroves break up the force and strength of the waves.
The mangroves also quickly absorb carbon dioxide and send oxygen into the atmosphere. This makes them an important part of the fight against climate change. They absorb far more carbon dioxide than other types of forest, and store it in their structure and even in the soil. This is important as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to be a cause of detrimental changes in the weather, such as global warming.
The strong roots also provide protection for young fish as they grow. With the oceans around the world being overfished, it is important to maintain the ecological balance in the oceans. For Sri Lanka, one of the threats to the mangrove forests is the shrimp farms being set up. To build saltwater ponds for the shrimps, the mangroves are cut down. This has resulted in fewer fish surviving among the mangrove roots and fewer fish being caught by the fishermen. The local fishing communities noticed that they were losing money and it made them aware of how important the mangroves were. They are now helping to conserve the forests.
Sri Lanka is showing that a nation can preserve all of its mangroves. The conservation model they have can be used by other countries. It might take many years of planning, but the benefits of saving mangroves definitely outweigh the costs.
31. What do we know about the mangrove trees from the passage
A. They are mainly grown in Australia.
B. They can prevent young fish from growing.
C. They have been damaged by natural disasters.
D. They are less impressive but important to the ecosystem.
32. What has been done in Sri Lanka to protect mangroves
A. A world mangrove festival has been founded.
B. Saltwater ponds for the shrimps have been set up.
C. A 5-year mangroves protecting program has been started.
D. More mangroves along the coastal areas have been grown.
33. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. The mangroves can keep the ecological balance in the oceans.
B. The mangroves are essential for fighting against climate change.
C. The mangroves have deep roots and hold the soil in place firmly.
D. The mangroves can break up the force and strength of the waves.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the future conservation of mangroves
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
北京市房山区2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共14小题;每小题2分, 满分28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳答案。
A
Effective Educational Apps
School teachers and anxious parents are trying everything not to let smart phones affect your education. But all their attempts ended in vain. Now mobile apps are changing the educational landscape. Here, we will show you some of those best free educational apps to help you see smart phones as a tool for learning.
Google Classroom
Google classroom is a virtual classroom. We can use it for sending announcements, creating classes, starting discussions, submitting and grading assignments, asking for remarks and answers, sharing resources, and so on. Teachers share code with the class and the students can join by just entering the codes. That's all it takes to create a virtual classroom.
EDX
EDX brings famous universities to your fingertips. No matter what you need to learn, EDX will be there for you every step of the way. There are more than 2000 courses of top universities in EDX, such as computer science, business studies, linguistics, engineering, and many more.
The professional certificates and university credit you get from these courses will always be valuable for you in building a professional career.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy provides a free and world-class education for young students. Khan Academy has a unique way to drive knowledge into your brains. All lessons are in forms of video tutorials. And the narrator describes each lesson through these drawings. Pretty simple, right
Khan Academy also provides online courses for preparing for standardized tests like SAT, MCAT, LSAT, and so on.
Duolingo
Duolingo helps us learn many languages like English, French, Spanish, Mandarin, Latin, etc. in a fun and interactive way. It starts with basic picture labeling games. As you complete more levels, there will be many different kinds of engaging games that will improve your vocabulary and grammar skills.
'The app also tracks your performance to provide insights. If you do well, you'll receive XPs. The more XPs you get, the more sets of interactive stories will be unlocked to improve your reading and listening comprehension.
21. Which of the following is one of the reasons of Google classroom
A. It supports a virtual classroom.
B. It offers different kinds of games.
C. It contains many courses of top universities
D. It has online courses related to standard tests
22. If you prefer learning through watching, you may like _____________.
A. Google classroom B. Khan Academy. C. Duolingo D EDX
23. The passage is manly intended for ______________.
A. school teachers B. anxious parents
C. school students D. software designers
B
Smartphone, a smart choice
I was a smartphone addict. My eyes were glued to the little screen whenever I walked down the street, had dinner with friends or lay in bed at night. The first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was reach for my phone. I always asked for Wi-Fi connections when I went to a new restaurant or coffee shop. A dead battery in my smartphone would make me feel stressed. Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up too much of my time, but it was difficult to quit the habit.
Then the day came when I finally realized I had to make a change. Head down, eyes on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, nearly knocking me off my feet! At that very moment, I made up my mind to spend a whole week without my smartphone.
The first day was the hardest. I was used to checking the news and my friends’ social media updates every few minutes, but now I did not know what to do with myself. I kept reaching for my pocket, for my smartphone that was not there. I felt lost and anxious, as if I had missed something of value.
It was scary at first. Then somehow I began to feel free. Therefore, I picked up the classic novel I had always wanted to read and was soon lost in the beautiful language. I kept a journal of my feelings, thoughts and daily activities to see how much progress I was making. I went out for a run and felt more alive than I had in days.
My offline relationships benefited as well. I went for a long walk with an old friend. With eyes no longer fixed on our phones, we had a chance to really enjoy each other's company. I also made sure to spend more time with my parents. We went to the opera, played badminton, and visited museums. One night, my mother took out some family photos and we laughed about old times.
Most importantly, I thought I began to appreciate the beauty of life with my own eyes, instead of through my smartphone camera.
By the end of the week, I almost did not want to turn my phone back on. Those seven days have given me a great appreciation for life beyond the screen. Real life and real relationships are more important to me now. I cannot escape from the modern world, but I can cut back on the amount of time I spend on my smartphone every day.
24 What was probably the author's real problem
A. He missed something of great value.
B. He was addicted to reading classic novels.
C. He was lost on the road and was nearly hit by a car.
D. He was used to spending too much time on his smartphone.
25. What did the author like best after getting his problem solved
A. He had the experience of feeling free.
B. He benefited a lot from the offline relationships.
C. He could enjoy the beauty of life with his own eyes.
D. He developed himself by reading and recording his progress.
26. What does the author learn from his experience
A. Real life and relationships are more important.
B. Reading makes him enjoy his life to the fullest
C. He should hold on to his dream and never give up.
D. Breaking bad habits makes him live a successful life.
C
As Mark Zuckerberg begins changing Facebook to private messaging and away from public sharing and open conversations, the vision he has thought of for the future of social networking already exists —just not in the United States. Instead, it is a reality in C'hina through a messaging app called WeChat.
Developed by the Chinese internet giant（大公司） Tencent in 201l, WeChat lets people message each other via one-on-one texts, audio or video calls. Users can also from groups of as many as 500 people on WeChat to discuss and debate the issues of the day.
While Facebook users often see ads in their News Feeds, WeChat users only see one o two ads a day in their Moment feeds. That's because WeChat doesn't depend on advertising or making money. Mr. Zhang said. "If WeChat were a person, it would have to be your best friend so that you would be willing to spend so much time with it. How could I post an ad on the face of your best friend " WeChat has a mobile payments system that has been widely adopted in China, which allows people to shop, play games, pay bills and order meal deliveries all from within the app. WeChat gets a commission（酬金）from many of these services.
"WeChat has shown that private messaging, especially the small groups, is the future, "sad Jeffrey Towson, a professor of investment at Peking University. "It has shown the path of business and life. "
What is happening in China offers clues to not only how Facebook may carry out its shift, but how the internet more broadly might change. Many of Silicon Valley's tech giants depend today on online advertising to make enough money to keep growing and innovating on new services. Some call online ads the lifeblood of the internet. But WeChat, which has 1. I billion monthly active users, shows that other models—particularly those based on payments and commerce—can support massive digital businesses.
On WeChat services are underpinned by its mobile payments system, WeChat Pay. Because payment is already tied into the messaging service, people can easily order meal deliveries, book hotels, hail ride-sharing cars and pay their bills. WeChat Pay itself has 900 million monthly active users.
People also use WeChat Pay to transfer money and to buy personal finance products. More than 100 million customers have purchased WeChat's personal finance products, which managed over 500 billion yuan, or $74 billion, by the end of last September, Tencent has said. Its users can buy everything from bonds and insurance to money market funds through the app
Facebook lacks such a payment system. To make Facebook a private messaging product, Mr. Zuckerberg may have a lot else to learn from Allen Zhang, the creator of WeChat.
pared with WeChat, Facebook __________________.
A. has more online users B. is a more private product
C. has a better payment system D. relies more on online advertisements
28 What does the underlined part "underpinned" in the sixth paragraph mean
A. Separated. B. Supported. C. Decided. D. Restored.
29. According to the author, Facebook should___________________.
A. depend on personal finance products
B. learn from WeChat to make improvement
C. offer public sharing and open conversations
D. buy the mobile payment system from Tencent
30. What does the passage imply
A. Facebook needs a payment system to meet the market.
B. Both WeChat and Facebook support digital businesses.
C. Facebook as an online social media company is not popular.
D. Facebook will show the path of business and life in the future.
D
When I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously useful. But then during the War I worked on the atomic bomb. This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk
I had to ask myself, "Is there some evil （罪恶）involved n science What is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do
It is a responsibility to consider the value of science itself.
The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value; however, the power may be decided by what one does with it. Our responsibility is to do what we should to improve the solutions and pass them on.
Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with. When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we urn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.
I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance. When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he Is still in some doubt
Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for uncertainty. Permit us to question—to doubt-to be unsure.
It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom, to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed, and to ensure this freedom for all coming generations.
31 What's the author's purpose in writing the first paragraph
A. To lead in the topic.
B. To introduce his experience.
C. To indicate what he did brought disaster.
D. To warn readers of the possible danger of science.
32. The author intends to tell us that ______________.
A. sometimes science may put our future at risk
B. it is acceptable for scientists to live and not know
C. sometimes scientific knowledge is used to do bad things
D. we should respect the value of science and do what we can
33. What is the author's attitude towards science
A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Cautious.
34. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Scientific Effort B. Freedom of Thought
C. The Value of Science D. Scientists' Responsibility
北京市房山区2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Tsinghua University Library
HOME FIND SERVICE E-RESOURCES ABOUT THE LIRARY
Library Card Borrowing Reference Interlibrary Loan
Visitors Facilities Training Suggest a Purchase
Library Card 1. Cards for International Students International students can borrow books and access many library services with your valid IC Cards. However, you should open your library privilege online before the first borrowing from the library. You can click here for more details: http://tempcard.lib.tsinghua26. How much should a visiting scholar deposit to borrow books
A. 1400.00. B. 1100.00.
C. 300.00. D. 1000.00.
27. To get a library card, temporary staff without IC Cards should prepare the following things except ________.
A. his ID card B. his CPU card
C. an Introduction Letter D. an electronic ID photo
28. Where can you see this text
A. On a university website. B. In a university magazine.
C. On a board in the campus. D. In a brochure sent to new students.
B
John Otway
John Otway has been playing music and making records in the UK for more than 40 years. Over the years he has released more than ten albums. He has played hundreds of concerts. He has written two autobiographies. He has worked with some of the country’s best musicians and he has even made a film about his life. But despite all of this, most people have never heard of him.
Otway released his first record in 1972, but it was the Punk Movement a few years later that really gave him his big chance. Otway wasn’t the greatest musician but his songs were always fun, and his performances on stage were always entertaining - there was a good chance he would fall off the stage at least once in each show. The punks liked him, and in 1977 he had a small hit when his single Really Free made it to No. 27 in the UK top 40 charts. Otway really enjoyed his success but unfortunately, no more came. Not one of his records over the next 30 years was a hit.
Although he never had much commercial success, Otway had a lot of very loyal fans. When someone asked him what he would like for his 50th birthday, his reply was: “A second hit.” His fans went out and bought as many copies of the new single Bunsen Burner as they could. And in October 2002, Otway finally saw his wish come true. In a chart that featured international superstars like Pink, Will Young and Oasis, Bunsen Burner made it to No. 9. Many high street shops refused to sell the record, saying that Otway was too old and unattractive for the teenage market. Otway didn’t care. He celebrated his success with an appearance on TV’s biggest music show Top of the Pops.
These days John Otway continues to play his music around the country, and there are always plenty of people who are happy to go and watch him perform. He’s a great example for anyone who loves making music. You don’t have to be young, good-looking (or even very talented) to enjoy a long career in the music business.
29. From paragraph 1, we know that ________.
A. John Otway has released hundreds of albums
B. John Otway never worked with best musicians
C. John Otway has written hundreds of autobiographies
D. John Otway is not well-known in the UK as a musician
30. John Otway saw his wish come true when he released ________.
A. Really Free B. Bunsen Burner
C. Top of the Pops D. his first record
31. Why were some street shops unwilling to sell his single Bunsen Burner
A. They thought it was terrible.
B. It wasn’t a very big hit.
C. John Otway didn’t want them to have it.
D. They thought teenagers would not like to buy it.
32. What can we learn from the passage
A. Musicians have to be young and attractive.
B. Success isn’t important in our life.
C. We should be determined to do what we love.
D. Musicians do much better as they get older.
C
A dozen international coffee experts moved around a long wooden table, pausing at each steaming cup, heads dipping,smelling and tasting. In the wings, coffee farmer Yang Fan watches attentively as the judges’ circle, awaiting a decision on her latest crop of beans.
In recent years, China is fast developing a reputation as a top coffee producer. This tasting was a side event to the first ever Pu’er International Specialty Coffee Expo in China’s southwestern Yunnan province, which ran this winter and drew more than a thousand attendees, including industry aficionados (酷爱者) from across the globe.
“Coffee has huge potential in China,” says Liu Ying, who is working in private investment in Beijing to grow coffee in Pu’er five years ago. “The younger generation prefers to drink coffee in their offices much more than tea.” Still, Pu’er remains synonymous with tea. In a region of China known for thousands of years of tea growing, a new crop is beginning to change the country’s landscape: coffee. This town near the Laos border is surrounded by the green hills scored with tea plantations; it produces a variety of tea which is also called Pu’er. But the region’s mild climate is also perfect for growing Arabica coffee. And as China’s young people move away from traditional tea in favor of the invigorating coffee, Pu’er’s farmers are catering to the demand. Yunnan accounts for 98% of China’s coffee harvest, with half coming from the misty landscape around Pu’er. Today, China is the 13th biggest coffee producer in the world - rising from zero output three decades ago to 136,000 tons annually today.
In April, Seattle’s annual Specialty Coffee Expo decided to showcase China as its portrait country of origin. It follows on the heels of Starbucks’ launching its first single-origin Yunnan coffee last year after eight years of partnership with Yunnan farmers.
With global coffee prices at record lows, Yunnan farmers are processing beans in bespoke (定制的) ways to create distinct flavors -allowing them to enter the market of specialty coffee. “At current coffee prices, I can’t even feed my family,” says the farmer Yang. “My only way out is to produce specialty coffee, to make the best coffee beans.” That means letting beans dry in their cherries, thus producing a wild, fruity flavor, or allowing them to “honey” in their sugary inner layer, which adds a slight sweetness.
“If I told you this was Colombian or Panama coffee, nobody would argue with me,” says Samuel Gurel, CEO of Pu’er’s Torch Coffee Roasters, as Yang breaks into a laughter. “It’s a great example of how Chinese coffee is evolving.”
33. What is the best title of the passage
A. Coffee gains ground in China’s tea-growing heartland
B. Coffee is taking the place of Pu’er tea in Yunnan province.
C. Bespoke coffee in Ynnnan has a variety of flavors.
D. China has become a top coffee producer in the world.
34. People grow coffee in Pu’er because ________.
A. they have the tradition to plant coffee
B. Starbuck needs coffee from Yunnan province
C. coffee planted there has a special flavor
D. they think coffee has great potential in China
35. What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean
A. Pu’er cannot produce coffee.
B. Coffee enjoys a good reputation.
C. Pu’er is most famous for its tea.
D Coffee is as popular as coffee.
36. What does Samuel Gurel think of Yang’s coffee beans
A. He is worried about it. B. He thinks highly of it.
C. He doubts about its future. D. He shows no interest in it.
D
Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence software to recognize the faces of chimpanzees in the wild. The new software will allow researchers to significantly cut back on time and resources spent analyzing video footage.
“For species like chimpanzees, which have complex social lives and live for many years, recording their behavior from short-term field research can only tell us so much.” says Dan Schofield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxford University’s Primate Models Lab. “By using the power of machine learning to unlock large video footage, it makes it feasible to measure behavior over the long term. Observing how the social lives of a group change over several generations become possible as well.”
The computer model was trained using over 10 million images from Kyoto University’s Primate Research Institute (PRI) video footage of wild chimpanzees in West Africa. The new software is the first to recognize individuals in a wide range of poses performing with high accuracy in difficult conditions such as low lighting, poor image quality and movement blur (模糊).
“Access to this large video footage has allowed us to use cutting edge deep neural networks to train models at a scale that was previously not possible.” says Arsha Nagrani, co-author of the study and DPhil student in University of Oxford. “Additionally, our method differs from previous primate face recognition software in that it can be applied to raw video footage with limited manual intervention (人工干预) or pre-processing, saving hours of time and resources.”
The technology has potential for many uses, such as monitoring species for protection. Although the current application focused on chimpanzees, the software provided could be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of artificial intelligence systems to solve a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.
“All our software is available open-source for the research community.” says Nagrani. “We hope that this will help researchers across other parts of the world apply the same cutting-edge techniques to their unique animal data sets. As a computer vision researcher, it is extremely satisfying to see these methods applied to solve real, challenging biodiversity (生物多样性) problems.”
“With an increasing biodiversity crisis and many of the world’s ecosystems under threat, the ability to closely monitor different species and populations using systems will be important for protection efforts, as well as animal behavior research.” adds Schofield. “Interdisciplinary cooperation like this have huge potential to make an impact, by finding solutions for old problems, and asking biological questions which were previously not available on a large scale.”
37. What’s the function of the new artificial intelligence software
A. Analyzing video footage in difficult conditions.
B. Recognizing the faces of chimpanzees in the wild.
C. Cutting edge deep neural networks to train models at a scale.
D. Saving hours of time and resources without manual intervention.
38. What does the underlined word “feasible” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. possible B. important
C. natural D. official
39. From the passage, we know that the artificial intelligence software could ________.
A. recognize individuals but not clearly
B. save time and resources only
C. help to protect different species
D. hardly solve biodiversity problems
40. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce a new software.
B. To explain a measure.
C. To assess a project.
D. To describe a procedure.
答案：
北京市房山区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去秘鲁旅行的四种旅游套餐。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Machu Picchu Tour中“Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. (尤其令人惊叹的是印加人的干石建造法)”可知，马丘比丘之旅的独特之处在于人们可以知道印加人的干石建造方法。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Cusco Tour部分中“Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century.(在安第斯山脉高处的库斯科，花四天时间欣赏独特的西班牙和当地的印度文化，库斯科是13世纪至16世纪印加帝国的首都)”可知，你会向喜欢印度当地文化的人推荐Cusco Tour。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.(秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，主要有三个地区：狭窄、干燥、平坦的海岸、安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林)”可知，本文是一篇关于去秘鲁旅行包价旅游的广告宣传，因此你最可能在旅行手册上读到这篇文章。故选B项。
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中记录了去西藏观察藏羚羊的经历，并且在与导游扎西的沟通中了解到保护藏羚羊，保护自然的重要性。由此感悟：人类应与自然和谐共生。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“On the grassland in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.(在我们面前的草地上，勉强可以辨认出一群姿态优美的动物。这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊)”可知，作者去西藏的目的是为了观察姿态优美的动物——藏羚羊。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make money.(上世纪八九十年代是藏羚羊的艰难时期。数量下降了50%以上。猎人们猎杀羚羊来赚钱)”可知，在上世纪八九十年代，藏羚羊被猎人为了钱枪杀了。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Rcserve. It covers an arca of about 120,000 square miles. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet.(我的导游是长塘村民扎西。他在羌塘国家级自然保护区工作。它占地约12万平方英里。该保护区是西藏西北部动植物的避难所)”可知，羌塘国家级自然保护区的建立是为了保护生活在那里的野生动物。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(保护野生动物已经做了很多工作，但如果我们真的想拯救地球，我们必须改变我们的生活方式。只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时，我们才能不再威胁野生动物和我们的星球)”可推知，作者想告诉我们保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。故选B。
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述由于气候变化和栖息地的破坏，导致蜜蜂的数量在减少，并说明了蜜蜂减少给人类和其他生物带来危害。呼吁人们提高对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识，并寻找行动小组以查看是否有计划提供帮助。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文第三段“If a bee species dies out, the plants and trees that depend on it are affected too; in turn, the creatures who feed or live on those plants are affected and so on up the food chain.”（如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，依赖它生存的植物和树木也会受到影响；反过来，以这些植物为食或生活的生物也会受到影响，如此循环往复。）可知如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，有些生物将会受影响。故选D项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据原文第三段“we couldn’t survive without pollinators (传粉者) — but their extinction would have an impact well beyond their role in providing the food we eat.”（没有传粉者我们就无法生存——但它们的灭绝将产生的影响远远超出它们为我们提供食物的作用）可知没有传粉者我们无法生存，这是非常具有危害性的。A. Limited 有限的；B Effective 有效的；C. Renewable可再生的；D. Harmful 有害的。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。文章前面提出蜜蜂的减少和假设某一种类的灭绝将会造成的危害，并由文章最后一段“Some environmental protection organizations and other charities are working hard to raise awareness of the problems bees are facing. Supporting these groups is one way of helping bees — through raising funds, following them on social media and sharing campaign details.”（一些环保组织和其他慈善机构正在努力提高人们对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识。支持这些团体是帮助蜜蜂的一种方式——通过筹集资金、在社交媒体上关注它们并分享活动细节。）可知作者意呼吁人们要提高对蜜蜂所面临的问题的认识以及这些问题会给人类和其他生物带来的危害，希望人们要做点事情去拯救蜜蜂。故选A项。
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了红树林对生态系统的重要作用以及为保护红树林斯里兰卡所采取的一些措施。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The mangrove tree might not look very impressive, but it is an essential part of our ecosystem.(红树林可能看起来不是很令人印象深刻，但它是我们生态系统的重要组成部分)”可知，红树林不那么令人印象深刻，但对生态系统很重要。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, one country in Asia has gone further by having a five-year program to protect and conserve all their mangroves. They even have a mangrove museum and observe World Mangrove Day. This country is Sri Lanka.(然而，亚洲有一个国家走得更远，制定了一项为期五年的计划来保护和保护他们所有的红树林。他们甚至有一个红树林博物馆，并庆祝世界红树林日。这个国家就是斯里兰卡)”可知，斯里兰卡采取启动一项为期五年的红树林保护计划，来保护红树林。故选C。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The mangroves also quickly absorb carbon dioxide and send oxygen into the atmosphere. This makes them an important part of the fight against climate change. They absorb far more carbon dioxide than other types of forest, and store it in their structure and even in the soil. This is important as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to be a cause of detrimental changes in the weather, such as global warming.(红树林还能迅速吸收二氧化碳，并将氧气输送到大气中。这使它们成为对抗气候变化的重要组成部分。它们比其他类型的森林吸收更多的二氧化碳，并将其储存在它们的结构中，甚至储存在土壤中。这一点很重要，因为大气中的二氧化碳被认为是造成全球变暖等有害天气变化的原因)”可知，第四段主要讲了红树林对应对气候变化至关重要。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sri Lanka is showing that a nation can preserve all of its mangroves. The conservation model they have can be used by other countries. It might take many years of planning, but the benefits of saving mangroves definitely outweigh the costs.(斯里兰卡正在展示一个国家可以保护它所有的红树林。他们的保护模式可以被其他国家借鉴。这可能需要多年的规划，但拯救红树林的好处绝对大于成本)”可推知，作者对未来保护红树林的态度是积极的。故选A。
北京市房山区2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
21-23 ABC 24-26 DCA 27-30 BBBA 31-34 AACC
北京市房山区2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷
【答案】26. D 27. B 28. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了清华大学图书馆不同人员办理图书借阅卡的说明，包括所需材料和价格等信息。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据Visiting Scholars & Teachers taking Refresher Course in Continuing Education Office部分中Deposit (押金)： 1000.00: valid for 60 books both in Chinese and foreign language.可知押金:￥1000.00元，仅限60本中英文书籍。由此可知，访问学者借书需付1000元押金。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据Temporary Staff Without IC Cards部分中You should take your ID Card, electronic ID photo (jpg, send to bzhch@lib.tsinghua.), your supervisor signed Introduction Letter from your work department which have an agreement with the library, and fees when applying for a CPU Card at Library Card Center.可知请带好身份证、电子身份证照片(jpg格式并发送至bzhch@lib.tsinhua.)、与图书馆签订协议的所在部门的主管签署的介绍信，以及在图书证中心申请CPU卡的费用。由此可知，办理借书证时，无IC卡的临时工作人员不需要准备CPU卡。故选B。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章Cards for International Students部分中You can click here for more details:http://tempcard.lib.tsinghua【点睛】文章出处类推理判断题。做这类题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征，这是推理判断的前提和基础。如报纸，前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等；广告，其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明、器皿设备的使用说明有产品名称或操作方法，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等。
如第三小题，根据文章Cards for International Students部分中You can click here for more details:http://tempcard.lib.tsinghua【答案】29. D 30. B 31. D 32. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国音乐家John Otway虽然在英国演奏音乐和制作唱片超过40年，但是毫无名气。文章说明了John Otway从事音乐家以来的事迹，虽然John Otway没有名气但是他忠于自己喜爱的事业没有放弃。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中But despite all of this, most people have never heard of him.可知尽管如此，大多数人从未听说过他。由此可知，John Otway在英国作为音乐家并不出名。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中His fans went out and bought as many copies of the new single Bunsen Burner as they could. And in October 2002, Otway finally saw his wish come true.可知他的粉丝们出去买了尽可能多的Bunsen Burner专辑。2002年10月，Otway的愿望终于实现了。由此可知，当John Otway发布Bunsen Burner专辑后，他的愿望实现了。故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Many high street shops refused to sell the record, saying that Otway was too old and unattractive for the teenage market.可知许多商业街的商店拒绝出售这张唱片，说奥特威唱片太老了，对青少年市场没有吸引力。由此可知，一些街头商店不愿意卖他的Bunsen Burner专辑，因为他们认为青少年不会愿意买。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容主要讲述了英国音乐家John Otway虽然在英国演奏音乐和制作唱片超过40年，但是毫无名气。文章说明了John Otway从事音乐家以来的事迹，虽然John Otway没有名气但是他忠于自己喜爱的事业没有放弃。可知由此可推知，从这篇文章中我们能了解到，我们应该下定决心去做我们喜欢做的事。故选C。
【答案】33. A 34. D 35. C 36. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了以种植茶叶而闻名数千年的普洱开始种植咖啡，并获得了良好口碑。这是因为随着中国的年轻人从传统的茶叶转向提神的咖啡，普洱茶的种植者也在迎合这种需求。而随着全球咖啡价格跌至历史最低水平，云南农民开始用定制的方式加工咖啡豆，以创造独特的口味，从而进入专业咖啡市场。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段In recent years, China is fast developing a reputation as a top coffee producer. This tasting was a side event to the first ever Pu’er International Specialty Coffee Expo in China’s southwestern Yunnan province, which ran this winter and drew more than a thousand attendees, including industry aficionados from across the globe.可知近年来，中国迅速发展成为世界著名的咖啡生产国。这次品鉴会是中国西南云南省首届普洱国际特色咖啡博览会的一个附带活动，该博览会于今年冬天举办，吸引了1000多名与会者，其中包括来自全球各地的咖啡爱好者。结合文章主要内容为说明以种植茶叶而闻名数千年的普洱开始种植咖啡，并获得了良好口碑。由此可知A选项“咖啡在中国茶叶种植的中心地带获得了发展”符合文章标题。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Coffee has huge potential in China,” says Liu Ying, who is working in private investment in Beijing to grow coffee in Pu’er five years ago. “The younger generation prefers to drink coffee in their offices much more than tea.”可知“咖啡在中国有巨大的潜力，”五年前在北京从事私人投资、在普洱种植咖啡的Liu Ying说。“年轻一代更喜欢在办公室喝咖啡，而不是茶。”由此可知，人们在普洱种植咖啡，因为他们认为咖啡在中国有巨大的潜力。故选D。
【35题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文In a region of China known for thousands of years of tea growing可知普洱在中国是一个以种植茶叶而闻名数千年的地区，普洱以茶出名。故可知划线句子意思为：普洱最出名的是它的茶。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If I told you this was Colombian or Panama coffee, nobody would argue with me,” says Samuel Gurel, CEO of Pu’er’s Torch Coffee Roasters, as Yang breaks into a laughter.可知“如果我告诉你这是哥伦比亚或巴拿马咖啡，没人会和我争论，”普洱火炬咖啡烘焙公司的首席执行官Samuel Gurel说，Yang哈哈大笑。由此可推知Samuel Gurel对Yang的咖啡豆评价很高。故选B。
【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。如第四小题，根据最后一段中“If I told you this was Colombian or Panama coffee, nobody would argue with me,” says Samuel Gurel, CEO of Pu’er’s Torch Coffee Roasters, as Yang breaks into a laughter.可知“如果我告诉你这是哥伦比亚或巴拿马咖啡，没人会和我争论，”普洱火炬咖啡烘焙公司的首席执行官Samuel Gurel说，Yang哈哈大笑。由此可推知Samuel Gurel对Yang的咖啡豆评价很高。故选B。
【答案】37. B 38. A 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新的人工智能软件，这种软件可以识别和追踪黑猩猩的面孔，大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间，而且它还可以应用到其他的物种研究。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence software to recognize the faces of chimpanzees in the wild.可知牛津大学的科学家们开发了新的人工智能软件来识别野生黑猩猩的脸。由此可知，新的人工智能软件的功能是识别出野生黑猩猩的脸。故选B。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前文By using the power of machine learning to unlock large video footage和后文to measure behavior over the long term. Observing how the social lives of a group change over several generations become possible as well.可知通过使用机器学习的力量来解锁大型视频片段，这使得长期测量行为成为可能，观察一个群体的社会生活如何在几代人之间发生变化也成为可能。由此可知划线单词意思是“可能的”。故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中Although the current application focused on chimpanzees, the software provided could be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of artificial intelligence systems to solve a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.可知虽然目前的应用主要集中在黑猩猩身上，但提供的软件可以应用于其他物种，并有助于推动人工智能系统的采用，以解决野生动物科学中的一系列问题。由此可知，这个人工智能软件可以应用于其他物种，有助于保护不同的物种。故选C。
40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence software to recognize the faces of chimpanzees in the wild.可知牛津大学的科学家们开发了新的人工智能软件来识别野生黑猩猩的脸。结合文章主要介绍了一种新的人工智能软件，这种软件可以识别和追踪黑猩猩的面孔，大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间，而且它还可以应用到其他的物种研究。由此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一种新软件。故选A。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。
② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。
⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
如第二小题，就属于语境猜词，根据前文By using the power of machine learning to unlock large video footage和后文to measure behavior over the long term. Observing how the social lives of a group change over several generations become possible as well.可知通过使用机器学习的力量来解锁大型视频片段，这使得长期测量行为成为可能，观察一个群体的社会生活如何在几代人之间发生变化也成为可能。由此可知划线单词意思是“可能的”。故选A。