陕西省部分县2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

陕西省部分县
2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
陕西省宝鸡市岐山县2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Best Places to Visit in July
Norway's Fjords
Most travelers prefer to visit Norway's famous fjords (峡湾) in July because Norway has about 23 hours of daylight, giving travelers lots of time to take in the spectacular views of blue water, glaciers and mountains. July is also when Norway's weather is at its warmest, about 18℃, so travelers might include a light sweater in their luggage.
Bastille Day in Paris
July 14 is a national day celebrating independence to the French. July 14, 1789, is the day the French stormed the Bastille, a Paris prison, and officially began the French Revolution, overthrowing a royal government that often threw people in prison there for no reason at all. While the day is marked all over France, the biggest celebration takes place in Paris.
Masai Mara National Reserve
The thrill of seeing millions of animals wander the plains in Kenya is not easily forgotten. One of the most popular months to visit the Masai Mara is in July when the famous wildlife migration reaches the Masai Mara and zebras are at their highest number. The best times to view the animals in Kenya's most popular game park are dawn and dusk.
Running of the Bulls in Pamplona
Travelers who pride themselves on being fast runners may want to head to Pamplona in July for the San Femin Festival. A key part of this annual festival is the running of the bulls. Six bulls are released onto a narrow street for a half-mile run, with hundreds of runners seeing if they can run faster than the animals.
1. What can visitors do in Norway's in July
A. Enjoy the impressive scenery. B. Swim and fish in the fjords.
C. See daylight around the clock. D. Buy heavy sweaters to keep warm.
2. Which of the following is of historical significance
A. San Fermin Festival. B. Bastille Day.
C. Masai Mara National Reserve. D. Norway's Fjords.
3. Where will visitors interested in wild animals go
A. Norway. B. Paris.
C. Masai Mara. D. Pamplona.
B
I was driving 80 miles per hour along the road Wednesday. I knew I was going too fast, but it was the only hope I had. My dog, Jett, was dying in the backseat.
About half an hour earlier I received a call from my daughter. A ball got stuck in Jett's throat. He was struggling to breathe. I raced home to see if I could help, but the dog's mouth water had made the ball too slippery to pull out by hand. So my daughter and I began our race to the vet's(兽医诊所).
About halfway there, we got caught in traffic jams due to construction. I began wildly sounding my horn(喇叭), hoping to attract help, and ended up catching the eye of several construction workers. In an anxious voice, I told them what had happened to my dog. By then Jett was lying in the backseat, not moving. Cavaja Holt was one of the workers standing there. He stuck his hand down the dog's throat and pulled out the ball, but Jett still wasn't breathing.
And the guy behind Holt shouted out, “Breathe into his mouth! Breathe into his mouth!” And Holt did. It worked! Jett soon began breathing again. After may dog was saved, I continued my trip to the vet's to make sure Jett was OK, and by the time I arrived the dog seemed to be doing much better. The staff there checked the dog over and said Jett was in good health.
Later on, I realized I was so anxious that I forgot to ask the man's name and thank him on the spot. My daughter posted the story on the Internet, asking to locate him. Meanwhile, Holt posted the story too, hoping to find out how the dog was doing. Within minutes, someone connected the two. On Thursday morning, I drove back to the construction site and thanked Holt in person. He is truly a hero.
4. How did the author feel after she received the call
A. Ashamed. B. Confused. C. Annoyed. D. Panicked.
5. What led Holt to give Jett mouth-to-mouth breathing
A. The vet's advice. B. The author's request.
C. His fellow worker's advice. D. The author's wrong rescue.
6. Why did the author's daughter share the story online
A. To get the address of Holt. B. To make contact with Holt.
C. To spread the moving story. D. To praise Holt for his deeds.
7. What can be the best title for the text
A. Race against death B. Find hero through the Internet
C. Stranger saves dog's life D. Heart-stopping rush to the vet's
C
We all realize the damaging pollution created by driving petrol and diesel vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are jammed with traffic, creating harmful gases like carbon dioxide. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicle. But how potimistic should we be
There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it would ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done The road to global traffic being totally electric is sill a long way of. Currently, battery life is an issue-a fully charged（充电）battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited charging stations to plug an electric vehicle into.
Of course, technology is always improving. Some of he biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are no making them too. Colin, a low-carbon vehicle expert, told the media: “The big leap forward will come with reliable batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they pogress to cars. These will charge more quickly and enable cars to travel longer.”
Cost is another issue that may delay people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentives, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, beating traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway rank No.1 with more than thirty electric cars per 1,000 ctizans.
But electric motoring doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. It’s emission-free（零排放）motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere. Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport.
8. What is an advantage of electric vehicles
A. They are emisson-free. B. They are cost-effective.
C. They are zero-carbon. D. They are easy to charge.
9. What is Collin’s attitude to the future of electric vehicles
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Objective. D. Uninterested.
10. “What does the udelined word “incentives” in Paragaph 4 probably mean
A. Free services. B. Traffic adjustments.
C. Special investments. D. Encouraging measures.
11. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Fall of Traditional Cars. B. The Future of Electric Cars.
C. A Cleaner, Greener World. D. Emission-free Motoring.
D
Chinese Paper Cutting or Jianzhi is the first type of paper cutting design, since paper was invented by Cai Lun in Eastern Han Dynasty in China. This art form dates back to the sixth century. Chinese women would cut shapes from gold and silver foil(箔) to paste to their hair. Families later adopted the tradition of putting paper cuttings on gates and windows on special days. Eventually, red paper cuttings became a way to express happy feelings and well wishes. At weddings, a cutting of the "喜喜" character, which represents "double happiness", is commonly used.
Hongkong paper cutting master Li Yunxia makes the craft look easy. She learned the paper cutting from her mother and grandmother from the age of six. According to Li, "all you need are paper, scissors and a lot of skill". Li was born in Shanxi province where paper cutting is still practiced and taught. Today, she teaches the ancient craft to people of all age.
Today some artists are turning paper cutting into a new art form. They often add paint and other materials to the cuttings. They mix imagination with skill to create unique designs.
Some of the most beautiful pieces of paper art come from Nahoko Kojima of Japan. She is a leader in the field of paper-cut art as "sculptures". One of her most famous pieces, Byaku, is a life-size swimming polar bear that hangs from the ceiling. Kojima created the piece from a single sheet of paper, three meters long.
Yuken Teruya of New York is known for his modern designs using old paper bags. Bags from McDonald's and other stores are turned on their sides. People peek inside to discover tiny, delicately cut trees.
No matter how simple and complicated the design is, paper cutting remains a beloved Chinese craft. The next time you see a paper cutting, take a moment to appreciate it.
12. According to the text, paper-cut art was originally from ________.
A. Metal industry B. Wedding ceremony
C. Mood expression D. Women's hair decoration
13. What is one of the features of the new paper-cut art form today
A. It is greatly simplified.
B. It mixes with more materials.
C. It only focuses on imagination.
D. It abandons traditional skill totally.
14. Why are artists Nahoko Kojima and Yuken Teruya mentioned in the text
A. They imaginatively create unique designs.
B. They once learned the skill from Li Yunxia.
C. They prefer to make works with old paper bags.
D. They require a reputation as the leader in the field.
15. What is the main idea of the text
A. The skill of paper-cut art. B. The origin of paper-cut art.
C. The school of paper-cut art. D. The development of paper-cut art.
陕西省渭南市白水县2021~2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）
第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000—seat concert hall, S David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
1. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted
A. At St David’s Hall. B. At the Glee Club.
C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At the New Theatre.
2. What can people do at the Glee Club
A. Watch musicals. B. Do creative things. C. See family shows. D. Enjoy comedies.
3. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre
A. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff B. www.shermancymru.co.uk
C. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk D. www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
B
Nicolas Maire is the model of a professional French chef with years of experience. To help perfect the flavors of the innovative foods. Mr. Maire has a new assistant chef in the form of Sum, an artificial intelligence robot.
Along with a team of flavorists, Sam helps blend a huge group of flavors for clients. In humans the sense of taste stems from multiple receptors (感受器) that are ready to make our brains aware of the nature of any possible food we encounter. Sam lacks this sense of taste, but it has been trained on a databose of ingredients gathered over 60 years at the company of Firmenich, a business with a perfume industry origin stretching back to 1895. Using a technique called machine learning, it has raced through examples of flavor combinations and has learnt its own definitions, maturing over 18 months into today’s AI robot.
Eric Saracchi runs the digital side of Firmenich. “Flavors are more complex than perfumes,” he says, “and Sam had to understand what a strawberry is or how roasted beef hits the tongue, before finding matches between tastes and foodstuffs.”
One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias (认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.
The machine rapidly gives an indication of how a flavor can be created and how much of an ingredient should be included. And Sam can hold the line between Saracchi’s team of flavorists and public tastes, refereeing decisions when the flavorists’ view differs from that of a consumer group.
4. What does Sam do together with many flavorists
A. It helps activate humans’ tastes. B. It creates a database of ingredients.
C. It mixes a series of flavors for guests. D. It makes all kinds of foods very creative.
5. What is Saracchi’s attitude towards the AI robot Sam
A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Unknown. D. Doubtful.
6. Where can you find the outstanding feature of an AI chef
A. In Paragraph 1. B. In Paragraph 2. C. In Paragraph 3. D. In Paragraph 4.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. Why Chefs Are Turning to AI B. Sam, the First AI Chef in the World
C. How Do French Chefs Choose AI Assistants D. Nicolas Maire Owns Some AI Assistant Chefs
C
In the American colonies (殖民地) there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins. Only the Massachusetts Bay Colony received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade; America was forced to trade only with England as it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during the pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver furs, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as substitutes for money. The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies.
Individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the Revolutionary War it was actually worthless. As a result, trade-in goods and the use of foreign coins were still common during this period.
By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary (货币的) system was in a state of total confusion. To change this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. The individual states could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic (双金属的) standard. In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one.
8. The reason why England kept money out of America was that ______.
A. America had to trade only with England
B. American colonies could have their own coins
C. the colonists wanted to save the money for their own country
D. too much paper money in use would lead to the decrease of value
9. What happened to the American monetary system by the end of the Revolutionary War
A. Individual states were forced to use paper money in trade.
B. The Continental Congress issued gold and silver coins.
C. So much paper money was in use that it almost lost its value at last.
D. American money replaced trade-in goods and foreign coins.
10. According to the passage, under the new US Constitution ______.
A. the dollar was made the official currency of the US
B. only the US Congress could issue money
C. the US officially went on a bimetallic monetary system
D. various state governments, including Massachusetts, could issue money
11. This passage mainly discusses ______.
A. American money from past to present
B. the English monetary policies in American colonies
C. the effect of the Revolutionary War on American money
D. the American monetary system during the 17th and 18th centuries
D
Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui ruins in Southwest China show that the region’s ancient Shu Kingdom Civilization shared similarities with the Maya.
The Sanxingdui ruins belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while the Mayan civilization built its city-states around 200 AD.
The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in the Mayan civilization. “They are very important similarties,” says Marco Santos, a Mexican archaeologist stressing that “the representations of tress in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar.”
The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins, considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.
While the time span between the Shu kingdom and the Mayan culture is great, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilizations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols. “In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that, at this latitude (纬度), both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon,” the expert says.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at Sanxingdui was the cross-subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which other types of less careful excavation methods would not have been able to register.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental.” says Santos.
12. What is a similarity between the Shu Kingdom and Mayan civilization
A. Their starting time. B. Their cultural symbols.
C. Their historical origins. D. Their ceremony traditions.
13. What does the underlined word “excavation” in Paragraph 6 mean
A. Digging. B. Sympathy. C. Platform. D. Boundary.
14. What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A Language barriers. B. Positioning of ruins.
C. High latitude. D. Damp weather.
15. What is the focus of Santos quote in the last paragraph
A. The future of the China-Mexico cooperation.
B. The benefits of speaking a different language.
C. The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
D. The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
陕西省渭南市大荔县2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A Schengen visa is a short-stay visa awarded to persons wishing to travel to one or many of the countries that make of the 26 European country Schengen Area. It grants (授予) each holder entry to all the countries in the area on a single visa. Several new Schengen visa application rules came into force in all countries on February 2, 2020. Check out some of the major changes:
Increased visa fees
The Schengen visa fee has increased from 60 euros to 80 for adults, while children aged between 6 and 12 now need to pay 40 euros instead of 35.
The rise in fees is to increase staff numbers, ensure stronger security screenings, and upgrade IT equipment and software, according to the European Commission.
Electronic application form
The application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.
Longer application submission periods
Schengen visa applicants used to apply as early as three months ahead of their trip. Today applications can be submitted up to six months in advance.
Benefits for frequent travelers
Those who have previously visited the Schengen Area and have a positive visa history will be granted the opportunity to get a multiple-entry visa valid for up to five years. That is, people who have lawfully used their previous visas, have a good economic standing in their home countries, and intend to leave the area before their Schengen visa expires (过期) will now have the chance to get a visa for up to five years with multiple entries.
1. If a couple with a seven-year-old kid apply for Schengen visas, how much should they pay under the new rules
A. 45 euros. B. 80 euros. C. 155 euros. D. 200 euros.
2. When applying for a Schengen visa now, you can .
A. upgrade your computer software
B. hand in an electronic application form
C. get all your materials ready before February 2
D. turn in your application 9 months in advance
3. To frequent travelers to the Schengen Area, the new rules are more .
A. specific B. complicated C. favourable D. rigid
B
When a fire broke out in my home in the middle of the night I knew I'd do anything I could to save my family. The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.
I was walking back upstairs from the kitchen when I heard my bulldog , Rock. Whatever Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what. I think that was his way of telling me, "We've got to go back up. "When I got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didn't remember leaving one on. I walked downstairs again, and that's when I saw fire. I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids. I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof. I then pried open the window and kicked out the screen. I started screaming for help. But help never came. I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.
Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof. I didn't scoot to the edge; I just jumped and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed. I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to the roof. I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine - month - old with my teeth, by his little sleeper. Then I climbed down the ladder. Once on the ground, I had my little girl hold her brother, and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter. Then I went back up again and got my wife. I tried to get my dog, but he just disappeared in the black smoke. I never saw him alive again,
I'm no hero. I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just likeRock—he lived to protect us.
4. What made the author wake up at 2:30am
A. My dog's barking B. The medicine's effect
C. A burning fire D. A noise downstairs
5. How did Rock tell the author the danger downstairs
A. He turned on a light downstairs.
B. He ran to the author's room upstairs.
C. He kept barking and running up to stairs.
D. He made some noise at the bottom of the stairs.
6. What did the author do after his family all stood on the roof
A. He placed a blanket to keep warm.
B. He started screaming for help.
C He jumped off the roof.
D. He broke open the window and kicked out the screen
7. Which of the following best describe the author
A. Courageous and responsible B. Caring and selfish
C. Loyal and brave D. Strong and considerate
C
Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive（先发制人的）defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme（酶）, which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars（毛虫）, which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects, ” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
8. John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________.
A. make them grow better
B. give them a warning
C. keep plant-eating animals away
D. inform plant-eating animals of danger
9. Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To introduce another animal.
B. To confirm the result of the study.
C. To appeal to people to protect animals.
D. To analyze different resistance chemicals.
10. What does Richard Karban really want to know
A. How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B. What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C. Whether the research is of practical value.
D. What the finding of the research is.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Watchful Plants. B. Greedy Animals.
C. A Snail’s Approach. D. A Defense Attack.
D
Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We’re doomed! Doomed! Now that I’ve gotten that out of my system, it’s become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest example is the government’s new guidelines for self-driving cars.
Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings.
Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.
Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds
But there’s a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren’t just taking over in the workplace.
The question is where can’t a robot function better than a human How about writing songs A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future
Finally, it’s only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.
Actually, it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.
12. What does the underlined word “agitated” mean
A. Tired B. Cautious
C. Careful D. Anxious
13. What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars
A. How passengers behave in it.
B. How robot drivers get the license
C. How they avoid crashing into other car
D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street
14. The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writer’s .
A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards
B. eagerness to listen to songs written by robots
C. doubt about robots’ ability to write songs
D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs
15. What might be the most suitable title for the text
A. Robots will control the world in every field
B. Robots are coming but not soon enough
C. Robots are being used in our daily life
D. Robots can drive cars and write music
陕西省渭南市华阴市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题, 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列四篇短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Famous Drama Theater Performances in the World
Theater is indeed one of the arts which will usually be staged in opera houses with various stories that you will pick up. For those fond of theater, here we will give some theatrical dramas that are very famous in the world.
A Streetcar Named Desire
This drama is one of the most famous theatrical dramas in history, even still playing regularly in the Broadway theater. It tells of a family that is very rich because of the inheritance, but it turns out all his inheritance is not real. Then there will be a lesson thal you can lean from this one drama; an inheritance is a very dangerous treasure to expect.
Long Day's Journey into Night
This drama is set in the family O'Neill who has family members with strange habits. Starting from the story of his mother who is a morphine addict, then also his father who suddenly can disappear and also many more other family habits are abnormal. But you need to know that this drama is the shortest, only told in the life of the family one day alone.
Fences
It is also one of the dramas that entered the Oscar Nominations in 2017. But the first appearance of this drama was so long ago. That was in 1985. Drama Fences raised the story of the treatment provided by the American and also African who received unpleasant treatment or racist treatment and was trying to get out of the problem.
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf
This one tells about the badness of a household caused by the twist plot story that becomes very interesting at the end of the story. This comedy drama is also the play of a song made by Walt Disney who then inspired and lifted into one of the interesting stories to be on display in theatrical plays.
21. What can we learn from the drama A Streetcar Named Desire
A. It tells of a story about a young man.
B. The family in the drama is very generous.
C. The inheritance in the story is some gold.
D. The drama is performed regularly in the Broadway theater.
22. Which drama will you go to if you are interested in racism in America
A. A Streetcar Named Desire. B. Long Day's Journey Into Night.
C. Fences. D. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf.
23. Which of the following best describes the drama Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf
A. Comedic. B. Historical. C. Documentary. D. Horrible.
B
Niu Yu, 24, became a shining star at Shanghai Fashion Week for her confident and leisurely attitude while striding down the runway sporting a prosthetic leg. Niu's minute in the spotlight has acquired many compliments on social media-a punch in the nose for prejudice against disabled people.
When the other models appeared, the audience cheered and applauded; but when it was Niu's tum, the venue suddenly fell silent. Niu recalled that after four or five seconds, she clearly heard a female audience member next to the stage sigh in admiration, "So cool!"
Niu attended Shanghai Fashion Week at the invitation of a sports brand Pony. "I was touched by something they said and agreed. They said that traditional views have always connected sports with healthy legs, but sports should be a kind of spirit. Even if I do not have a leg, I still deeply love sports and will do so forever, "Niu said.
Niu lost her right leg after she was trapped under debris for three days during the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, when Niu was only 11 years old. This is not the first time that Niu has been in the public spotlight. She first grabbed the public's attention when she completed a marathon in 2018. The marathon was held in Wenchuan, Southwest China's Sichuan province, on May 12, 2018, to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the devastating earthquake. The day was also Niu's 21th birthday.
Niu works as a photographer and often uploads video clips from her life on short video platforms such as Douyin, where she has more than 850, 000 followers. “China had 85 million disabled people with licenses in 2020, and we have no idea about the number of those who do not have licenses. However, it is rare for disabled people to be seen on the streets. I always thought about the reasons for this and then 1 realized it's because they hide themselves. ”Niu said.
24. What does the underlined word "prosthetic" in the first paragraph refer to
A. Real. B. Normal. C. Thin. D. Fake.
25. Why didn't the audience cheer for Niu at the beginning of her performance
A. Because Niu walked awkwardly on the stage.
B. Because the audience was astonished by Niu's unique performance.
C. Because the other models blocked out the spotlight of Niu.
D. Because Niu fell down during walking.
26. What does Niu mean in the last paragraph
A. The government should give more licenses to disabled people.
B. Disabled people shouldn't go to the streets more often.
C. People with disabilities should be encouraged to present more of themselves to the public.
D. The modeling company should hire more disabled models.
27. What would be the best title of this news
A. A Shock to the Fashion Stage With One Leg.
B. Life of A Survivor After A Ruinous Earthquake.
C. A Strong-willed Girl.
D. A Historical Moment for the Disabled.
C
Young people in the United States do not have a strong understanding of the world and their place in it.
Two US-based groups, the Council on Foreign Relations and the National Geographic Society, conducted an online survey last year. They wanted to know what young people in American colleges knew about geography, U. S. foreign policy, recent international events, and economics.
The survey was given to over 1, 200 Americans between the ages of 18 and 26, all of them presently attending, or having previously graduated from a 2- or 4-year college or university.
The average test score, out of 75 total possible answers, was 55 percent. The study identifies a few important problems. For example, only 30 percent knew that the only part of the U. S. government that can declare war is Congress. Only 60 percent of those taking the survey could identify Brazil on a world map.
"Part of the problem, "argue the organizers of the survey, "is the Internet. " They say it is becoming harder to find high-quality information about world events among all the fake news and trivia which swamp the web. 43 percent of those questioned said they read about the news on Facebook.
Another problem is that most college courses do not require students to learn about international issues. "If such information is not required, " Richand Haass from the Council on Foreign Relations said, “then the United States could have leaders like Gary Johnson. He was a recent presidential candidate who did not know about the Syrian city of Aleppo when a reporter asked him about it. ”
The survey results were not all bad. The young people also demonstrated a good understanding of climate change and renewable energy. And the majority of them said that international issues were becoming more important to them.
Haass says these findings suggest the need to find ways to get good information for students, both in school and online. To help, the Couneil on Foreign Relations is creating a new program called CFR Campus, designed to help build knowledge about global issues.
28. What do we know about the survey
A. The participants were all recent university graduates.
B. It was an online survey conducted by two US universities.
C. It was given to over 1, 200 American people aged from 18 to 26.
D. It aimed to find out what the young people know about America.
29. What's one reason the organizers of the survey give for young people's lack of knowledge
A. The sources from which they get their information.
B. Young people's unwillingness to travel abroad.
C. The poor quality of the US university system.
D. Their lack of interest in knowing more about the world.
30. What topic did the young Americans understand best according to the survey
A. Government organizations. B. Geographic information.
C. Foreign relations. D. Environmental matters.
31. In which part of a newspaper could we find this article
A. Economics. B. Education. C. National Politics. D. Entertainment.
D
Stingrays （黄貂鱼）are an instantly recognizable fish, with their pancake-like bodies that swim gracefully through the water. Their flat bodies allow them to sit on the bottom of the ocean, river or lake, disguising themselves to predators swimming above as they hunt their prey on the floor. Their eyes sit on the top of their body, while their mouths are on the bottom. They each have a long tail with a toxin-filled barb. When they feel threatened, they can lift their barbed tails upward and injure potential predators. Most species of stingrays sport dull colors that help with disguise, though some do have more lively colors. Stingrays eat prey like worms while freshwater stingrays eat insects as well.
As those creatures move through the water, they generate bioelectric fields. Stingrays are able to detect these bioelectric fields of the animals around them using a network of special sensory organs called ampullae of Lorenzini. These organs are small, fluid-filled electrical receptors that are located near the stingray's mouth and look like tiny black holes in the animal's skin. Once they've located and captured their prey with the help of these sensory organs, stingrays use their hard teeth to break the shells of their victims, and can even chew their meal.
In 2006, Australian television personality Steve Irwin died when a stingray's barbed tail pierced his heart. Irwin was being filmed for a show called Ocean's Deadliest when he swam too close to a stingray. However, death from stingrays is rare. A stingray's poison is generally only deadly when its barb pierces people's neck or chest. Otherwise, contact with a stingray's barb anywhere else on the body causes pain similar to a jellyfish （水母）sting.
Scientists also believe that stingrays have the ability to detect the Earth's magnetic fields and the orientation of electric currents generated by objects in the water. They could then use that information to navigate in the open ocean. However, this ability could potentially cause problems for the animals as offshore energy technologies like wind and wave energy become more popular, thus disturbing stingrays ability to accurately detect their surroundings. This could influence stingrays' feeding and migration patterns.
32. What can we know about stingrays
A. They hardly feed on insects.
B. They have a big ball-like fat body.
C. Their barbed tails serve as a defence.
D. Their body colors vary with the environment.
33. What is the ampullae of Lorenzini used for
A. Hunting prey.
B. Frightening prey.
C. Protecting sensory organs.
D. Producing a bioelectric field.
34. Why is Irwin's death mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To explain jellyfish stings cause death.
B. To show it was an occasional accident.
C. To prove photographing undersea is risky.
D. To stress stingrays are ocean's deadliest.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on
A. Stingrays' ability to detect magnetic fields.
B. The popularity of wind and wave energy.
C. Stingrays' feeding and migration patterns.
D. The technological impact on stingrays' life.
陕西省西安市蓝田县2021-2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题, 每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列四篇短文, 从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
Four Great Musicals for You
Drama 101
By: Stephen Gallagher and Kevin Wong
Preparing a party for their beloved high school drama teacher on the eve of her retirement, a group of students describe how she changed their lives in this funny, heartwarming and inspiring musical. This musical features a cast of young artists aged 13 to 19. I's sure to touch the hearts of theatre kids of every age.
Tickets: $ 20; 20% discount
Be Kind, Rewind
By: Barbara Johnston and Suzy Wilde
When fifteen-year-old Deirdre is sent to live with her cousins in 1995, she gets a job at the local video store where she falls in love with movies. The story is funny and heartwarming. This musical shines a light on growing up in the mid-90's and honors the now-extinct video store. For those who are missing life in the 90's, like songs and movies at that time, this show will touch them.
Tickets: $ 15; 5% discount
TITA Jokes
By: The TITA Collective
The show centers around the women in our lives like our aunts, moms, daughters and partners. Through this musical, many of you will see more clearly their struggles and heartaches, and also how they deal with comedy and songs. In the musical, the performers sing and dance. They're humorous, enjoying making jokes.
Tickets: $ 18; 10% discount
Unravelled: A New Musical
By: Andrew Seok
Three of the greatest love stories of all time （Romeo &Juliet, Orpheus Eurydice, Della &Jim in The Gift of the Magi） are wonderfully retold and reimagined to create an entirely new story of love. All three stories begin as they always have, but quickly intertwine （紧密相连）“The idea of writing one musical with all three separate stories never occurred to me until I wanted to write a completely different show, " said Seok.
Tickets: $ 16; 10% discount
21. What is Drama 101 mainly about
A. The challenges of high school life.
B. The story between a teacher and students.
C. The preparation for a welcome party.
D. The plan of a teacher ready to leave school.
22. What is special about TITA Jokes
A. It calls for equal rights for women.
B. It focuses on women's advantages over men.
C. It tells women's life stories in a light tone.
D. It centers on women's achievements in comedy.
23. Which musical costs the audience the least
A. Be Kind, Rewind. B. Drama 101.
C. TITA Jokes. D. Unravelled: A New Musical.
B
Jeff was diagnosed in 2010 with multiple myeloma （多发性骨髓瘤）．It is a disease that is usually noticed when grandpa falls and breaks his hip. The average patient is in his early 70s. But Jeff was only 50 when diagnosed. "I wondered why me, as a young guy ” Jeff says. But his relative youth and good health has put him in a position to fight the disease in his way.
In next January Jeff and his wife Ramona will join a team climbing to the top of Mount Kilimanjaro to raise awareness and funds for the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation. It's an adventure he's dreamed about since the 4th grade.
Jeff will be one of four in the group who are myeloma patients not willing to be threatened by cancer. He and Ramona have raised nearly $ 18, 000 toward their combined goal of $ 20, 000.
Still, he's confident that his earlier marathon training has prepared him to climb the highest free- standing mountain in the world. “I just have to deal with it and understand my limitations. "he says.
What Jeff sees is a clear future. "Having cancer narrows the focus about what we want to do and who we want to do it with. " he says. He and Ramona now ask themselves, "How do we go out and live the most fulfilling lives Who are the most important people in our lives What brings us joy ”
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is their next adventure, but Jeff knows it won't be just a personal accomplishment. “I do these things for all the people who can't. "he says.
Jeff is certain that his passion for hiking and adventure will take him to the top of Mount Kilimanjaro and that his story will inspire those with multiple myeloma to keep sight of who they are beyond their diagnosis.
"It's obvious to me, " he says, "that this is part of my fate. ”
24. What can we know about multiple myeloma according to the text
A. It's a deadly disease that can't be cured.
B. It's a disease that usually occurs around the age of 50.
C. It's a disease that Jeff has been struggling with.
D. It's a disease that only affects men.
25. What's the main purpose for Jeff and his wife to climb to the top of Mount Kilimanjaro
A. To show love for climbing high mountains.
B. To get enough physical training to be stronger.
C. To express determination to overcome the disease.
D. To raise awareness and money for an organization.
26. What's Jeff's attitude towards his disease
A. Worried. B. Optimistic. C. Favorable. D. Indifferent.
27. What's the best title for the text
A. Be Strong-minded B. Power of Independence
C. Love for Travelling D. An Unusual Disease
C
The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 kinds of ocean animals-including sharks, whales, seabirds and turtles --can become caught in the stuff or mistake it for a tasty snack.
While we know that some ocean animals seem to catch plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food sources, less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to ocean animals. But now, a study from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has found the coating （涂层）that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the smell of food.
The researchers took 15 turtles, each around five months old, and placed them in a lab aquarium. They then piped in smells of clean water, clean plastic, turtle food, and plastic that had been soaking in the ocean environment for five weeks. The turtles showed no reaction to the smells of clean water or clean plastic. But when facing ocean soaked plastic or turtle food, they stuck their noses out of the water and showed increased activity.
"This finding is important because it's the first proof that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them, " said Dr Kenneth J Lohmann, who took part in the study. “It's common to find a turtle with its stomach full of plastic materials. There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stuck on the beach due to their taking in plastic. ”
According to the researchers, areas of the ocean with much plastic may trick turtles and other animals into thinking that there are plenty of food sources, when the opposite is true. "Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food, "said Lohmann. "The best thing we can do is to keep plastic from getting into the ocean at all. ”
28. Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to ocean animals
A. It may mislead them as food.
B. It may eat up all jellyfish. C. It may kill them with its smell.
D. It may trap 700 species of sea animals.
29. What smell did turtles prefer according to the study
A. Sea water. B. Clean water.
C. Clean plastic. D. Ocean-soaked plastic.
30. What do we know from the study
A. Turtles seem to eat plastic because it looks like food.
B. Turtles have died out due to their taking in plastic.
C. Turtles eat plastic because it gives off the smell of food.
D. Turtles with their stomachs full of plastic were studied.
31. What are we supposed to do according to Dr. Kenneth J Lohmann
A. Keep away from the polluted ocean.
B. Maintain a plastic-free ocean.
C. Remove plastic from the ocean.
D. Stop people feeding turtles plastic.
D
The lack of clues left behind by ancient Americans has made it difficult for researchers to determine precisely when humans first arrived on the continent. However, it has always been believed to be about 13, 000 years ago. Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Central Mexico, seems to suggest that prehistoric humans may have been living in North America as early as 30, 000 years ago.
Dr. Ciprian Ardelean, of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas who led the groundbreaking re- search, first became aware of the cave in May 2010. Getting to the cave located 2, 750 meters above sea level required a 45-minute truck ride to the base and an uphill climb over a rough terrain. However, Dr. Ardelean and his team found enough clues to make the difficult journey three additional times-in 2012, 2016, and 2017.
The archeologists' efforts revealed many artifacts including over 1, 900 stone tools from multiple layers of the cave. The scientists found that most of the tools were between 16, 000 and 13, 000 years old. However, 239 artifacts unearthed from the deepest layer of the cave dated back an astonishing 30, 000 years!
While the genetic material gained in the cave was only plant and animal DNA, the team did find evidence of sulfur, potassium and zinc elements that could indicate human activities such as killing animals. Dr. Ardelean says the absence of human DNA confirms that the early people visited the cave for short periods of time.
The researchers are unsure of the ancient humans' origins or the path they took to get to America. They guess the groups were tribes （部落）who moved from place to place and went extinct at some point during their migrations. Dr. Ardelean says, "We don't know who they were, where they came from or where they went. They're a complete enigma. We falsely assume that the native populations in the Americas to- day are direct descendants from the earliest Americans, but now we don't think that is the case. ” Archeologist Loren Davis, from Oregon State University, is unsure that the artifacts recovered are tools. The researcher says, "If it's true that people were in Zacatecas 32, 000 years ago, that changes everything-it more than doubles the time people have been in the Americas. I'm not going to say it's impossible, but if all they found are broken rocks without any hard evidence, it's natural for people to challenge the conclusion. ”
32. What did Dr. Ciprian Ardelean do
A. He sold hundreds of artifacts.
B. He explored the cave four times.
C. He made the cave world-known.
D. He collected artifacts from the cave.
33. What shakes the traditional belief concerning North America
A. Metal elements unearthed from the cave.
B. Plant and animal DNA discovered in the cave.
C. The stone tools from the cave's deepest layer.
D. The artifacts from the upper layers of the cave.
34. What does the underlined word "enigma" in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Problem. B. Breakthrough. C. Appeal. D. Mystery.
35. In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage
A. Archaeology. B. Anecdote. C. Economy. D. Literature.
答案：
陕西省宝鸡市岐山县2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】本文属于应用文。文章介绍了七月份的几个最佳去处。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Norway's Fjords中“Most travelers prefer to visit Norway's famous fjords (峡湾) in July because Norway has about 23 hours of daylight, giving travelers lots of time to take in the spectacular views of blue water, glaciers and mountains.(大多数游客喜欢在7月份参观挪威著名的峡湾，因为挪威有大约23个小时的日光，让游客有很多时间来欣赏蔚蓝色的海水、冰川和山脉的壮观景色)”可知，在7月游客们可以欣赏挪威峡湾的壮丽景色。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Bastille Day in Paris中“July 14, 1789, is the day the French stormed the Bastille, a Paris prison, and officially began the French Revolution, overthrowing a royal government that often threw people in prison there for no reason at all.(1789年7月14日，法国人攻占了巴黎的巴士底狱，法国革命正式开始，推翻了经常毫无理由地把人关进监狱的皇家政府)”可知，Bastille Day标志着法国革命的开始，具有历史意义。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Masai Mara National Reserve中“One of the most popular months to visit the Masai Mara is in July when the famous wildlife migration reaches the Masai Mara and zebras are at their highest number.(参观马赛马拉最受欢迎月份之一是 7 月，当时著名的野生动物迁徙到达马赛马拉，斑马数量最多)”可知，在Masai Mara可以看到大量迁徙的野生动物，因此对野生动物感兴趣的游客可以去Masai Mara。故选C项。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的狗狗被球卡住喉咙，奄奄一息，在救治狗狗去诊所的路上遇到了堵车，一位建筑工人救了她的狗，作者的女儿在网上发帖子找到了他，并表示感谢。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I knew I was going too fast, but it was the only hope I had. My dog, Jett, was dying in the backseat.（我知道我开得太快了，但这是我唯一的希望。我的狗，杰特，在后座上奄奄一息。）”和文章第二段“I raced home to see if I could help（我跑回家，想看看能不能帮上忙）”可知，接到电话后，作者应该是感到惊慌失措的。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“And the guy behind Holt shouted out, “Breathe into his mouth! Breathe into his mouth!” And Holt did. It worked!（Holt身后的人喊道:“对着他嘴里吹气!往他嘴里吹气!” Holt这样做了。这很有效！）”可知，在Holt同事的呼吁下，给狗狗做了人工呼吸。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Later on, I realized I was so anxious that I forgot to ask the man's name and thank him on the spot. My daughter posted the story on the Internet, asking to locate him.（后来，我意识到我太着急了，以至于我忘记了问他的名字，并当场感谢他。我女儿在网上发布了这个故事，要求找到他。）”可知，作者的女儿在网上分享了这个故事是为了联系上Holt。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“I knew I was going too fast, but it was the only hope I had. My dog, Jett, was dying in the backseat.（我知道我开得太快了，但这是我唯一的希望。我的狗，杰特，在后座上奄奄一息。）、第四段“And the guy behind Holt shouted out, “Breathe into his mouth! Breathe into his mouth!” And Holt did. It worked!（Holt身后的人喊道:“对着他嘴里吹气!往他嘴里吹气!” Holt这样做了。这很有效！）”以及文章最后一段“On Thursday morning, I drove back to the construction site and thanked Holt in person. He is truly a hero.（周四早上，我开车回到工地，亲自感谢霍尔特。他是真正的英雄。）”可知，文章主要讲述了作者的狗狗被球卡住喉咙，奄奄一息，在救治狗狗去诊所的路上遇到了堵车，一位建筑工人救了她的狗，作者的女儿在网上发帖子找到了他，并表示感谢。故选C。
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，主要谈论了电动汽车的未来。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicle.(一个更清洁、更环保的未来的解决方案可能是电动汽车。)” 可知，电动汽车的优势是无排放。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Colin, a low-carbon vehicle expert, told the media: ‘The big leap forward will come with reliable batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars. These will charge more quickly and enable cars to travel longer.’” (低碳汽车专家科林告诉媒体:“这一巨大的飞跃将伴随着可靠的电池，首先出现在手机和笔记本电脑上，然后再发展到汽车上。”这些电池充电更快，行驶时间更长。)”可知，Colin对于电动汽车持乐观的态度。故选A项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“But some countries offer incentives, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking.” (但一些国家提供了激励措施，如通过降低进口税来降低价格，不收取道路税和停车费。)根据后文的降低进口税等措施，可知此处是国家提供激励措施，故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way of.” (实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。)以及第三段“Of course, technology is always improving. Some of he biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars.” (当然，技术一直在进步。一些最大的科技公司，比如谷歌和特斯拉，正在斥巨资开发电动汽车。)第四段“Cost is another issue that may delay people switching to electric power.”( 成本是另一个可能推迟人们使用电力的问题。)可知，第二段说明了实现全球交通完全电动化还需要更长一段时间，三、四段说明了电动交通的未来发展趋势，考虑到开发电动汽车和开发电池，所以整篇文章主要围绕着电动汽车的未来展开，故选B项。
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国剪纸艺术的发展。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This art form dates back to the sixth century. Chinese women would cut shapes from gold and silver foil(箔) to paste to their hair.(这种艺术形式可以追溯到六世纪。中国妇女会把金箔和银箔剪成各种形状粘贴在头发上)”可知，剪纸艺术最初来源于妇女的头发装饰，故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Today some artists are turning paper cutting into a new art form. They often add paint and other materials to the cuttings.(今天，一些艺术家正在把剪纸变成一种新的艺术形式。他们经常在剪纸上添加颜料和其他材料)”可知，今天这种新的剪纸艺术形式的特点之一是它混合了更多的材料，故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句话“They mix imagination with skill to create unique designs(他们把想象力和技巧结合起来，创造出独特的设计)”以及第四段和第五段中对Nahoko Kojima和Yuken Teruya典型剪纸艺术品的介绍可知，文中提到的艺术家Nahoko Kojima和Yuken Teruya这两位艺术家是因为他们都创造出了极具想象力的独特作品，故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通览全文可知，本文主要介绍了剪纸艺术自古至今的发展演变，选项D. The development of paper-cut art(剪纸艺术的发展)符合题意，故选D。
陕西省渭南市白水县2021~2022学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“St David’s Hall”部分中“St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff (St David’s Hall是Cardiff一年一度的Welsh Proms的举办地)”可知，Cardiff的Welsh Proms活动在St David’s Hall举办。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“The Glee Club”部分中“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here (如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始)”可知，人们可以在The Glee Club欣赏喜剧。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“New Theatre”部分中“The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicians, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years (100多年来，New Theatre一直是优质戏剧、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地)”以及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk网站找到Cardiff存在最久的剧院。故选C。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了厨师们利用人工智能机器人Sam来让食品的口味变得更加完美。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Along with a team of flavorists, Sam helps blend a huge group of flavors for clients.(山姆和一群调味师一起，为客户混合了大量的口味)”可知，Sam为顾客调配各种口味。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias (认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.(人工智能机器人的一大优势是它没有认知偏见。这种人类偏见的缺乏帮助菲尔曼尼奇克服了任何无意识的口味学家的倾向。山姆不受可以影响到最专业的调味师的一些因素的影响，这种客观性，使它可以更快速地工作。萨拉奇说：它结合了这里所有其他调香师的知识，从而增加了价值)”可知，通过结合这里其他所有调味师的知识来增加了价值。所以Saracchi对AI厨师Sam的态度是积极的。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias (认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.(人工智能机器人的一大优势是它没有认知偏见。这种人类偏见的缺乏帮助菲尔曼尼奇克服了任何无意识的口味学家的倾向。山姆不受可以影响到最专业的调味师的一些因素的影响，这种客观性，使它可以更快速地工作。萨拉奇说：“它结合了这里所有其他调香师的知识，从而增加了价值”)”可知，第四段主要介绍了AI厨师Sam的突出的特点。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nicolas Maire is the model of a professional French chef with years of experience. To help perfect the flavors of the innovative foods, Mr. Maire has a new assistant chef in the form of Sam, an artificial intelligence robot.( Nicolas Maire是一个具有多年经验的专业法国厨师的典范。为了让这些创新食物的味道更完美，梅尔请了一个新的助理厨师——人工智能机器人山姆)”结合本文介绍梅尔有了机器人助理厨师，全文在分析机器人厨师的优势，厨师们利用机器人厨师来让食品的口味变得更加完美。AI厨师可以更快更好地调配出不同的美味，满足不同顾客的需求，这也是梅尔之所以使用机器人助理厨师的原因。故A项“为什么厨师正在转向使用AI机器人”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国17世纪和18世纪的货币体系。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade; America was forced to trade only with England as it did not have the money to buy products from other countries.(英国想把钱挡在美国之外，作为控制贸易的一种手段；美国被迫只与英国进行贸易，因为它没有钱从其他国家购买产品。)”可知，英国执行此政策的目的是让美国只与英国进行贸易。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the Revolutionary War it was actually worthless.(各州和大陆会议发行纸币。由于印了太多的纸币，到独立战争结束时，这些纸币实际上已经一文不值了。)”可知，由于纸币过多，造成纸币贬值。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To change this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. (为了改变这种状况，1789年通过的美国新宪法只允许国会发行货币。)”可知，新宪法规定只有国会才能发行货币。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Only the Massachusetts Bay Colony received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade； America was forced to trade only with England as it did not have the money to buy products from other countries.(只有马萨诸塞湾殖民地在1652年获得了短时间内制造几种银币的许可。英国想把钱挡在美国之外，作为控制贸易的一种手段;美国被迫只与英国进行贸易，因为它没有钱从其他国家购买产品。)”以及最后一段“To change this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. The individual states could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic (双金属的) standard. (为了改变这种状况，1789年通过的美国新宪法只允许国会发行货币。各个州无法再拥有自己的货币供应。几年后，1792年的《铸币法》使美元成为美国的官方货币，并使该国采用双金