山东省青岛市黄岛区2019-2022学年高二上学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

山东省青岛市黄岛区
2019-2022学年高二上学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
山东省青岛市黄岛区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （15个小题，每题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
From baking pumpkin pie to celebrating the moon, here’s how autumn is celebrated across the globe.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the biggest and most widely celebrated harvest festivals in the world. It is held on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. In many Asian countries including China, the festival is celebrated as a public holiday, with families gathering and giving thanks for the harvest and full moon.
Oktoberfest is another major autumn celebration that, while originating in Germany, has inspired local versions around the globe. The world’s largest folk festival begins in September and runs for about two weeks, featuring traditional Bavarian food, music, clothing, and most importantly, lots of beer!
Thanksgiving is also an important celebration for Americans that takes place in late November every year, with seasonal dishes like yams smothered and pumpkin pies always having a place at the Thanksgiving dinner table. Walks, hikes and trips to see the changing foliage are also hugely popular, with locations like Asheville and North Carolina, boasting of some of the most beautiful autumn scenery around.
There are also several cultural and religious events that occur throughout October and November. Dia de Los Muertos, on the 1st and 2nd November, is a Mexican celebration that honours the lives of those who have passed away with food, drinks and activities that those loved ones enjoyed when they were alive. Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, is another spiritual celebration of the victory of light over darkness, and good over evil, which falls on 14th November. Lighting candles all around the house and hoping for health and wealth are the chief rituals of the festival.
21. Which festival features food and trips
A. The Mid-Autumn Festival. B. Oktoberfest.
C. Thanksgiving. D. Dia de Los Muertos
22. What will people do on Oktoberfest festival
A. They will enjoy full moon.
B. They will have traditional Bavarian food.
C. They will eat pumpkin pies.
D. They will light candles.
23. What do the festivals listed have in common
A. They are celebrated for harvest.
B. They are held all over the world.
C. They are cultural and religious celebrations.
D. They fall in autumn.
B
The chasm (鸿沟) separating Garang Piol from his dream of attending Cape Town University, the top university of Africa, in 2018 was wide. The former soldier from the Republic of South Sudan needed money to pay tuition.
In the years after the war’s ending in 2005, he had worked as an electrician in a school where he found a chance at education. Later, he worked for Atlanta’s Carter Center in South Sudan, helping root out Guinea worm disease. His salary paid for his living expenses and for his education at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa in Kenya, where he earned a degree in sustainable development.
David Stobbelaar was in charge of the Carter Center in South Sudan in 2008 when Garang was assigned to his team. Stobbelaar says Garang impressed Carter Center staff with his intelligence, organization and communication abilities. The two became good friends over years and Garang told Stobbelaar his experience of being a soldier.
When Stobbelaar was talking in 2015 to Dickstein Hughes, a friend who is a teacher, she was leading her 10th grade English class through a book, A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Soldier. “I was talking to David about some of my concerns and bringing my students closer to the humanity of the memoir, and he suggested that he could connect me with a former soldier,” she said.
Garang soon was answering questions via Internet from the students. His talk was so impactful that Dickstein Hughes continued contacting him for the next three years became Garang’s friend and came to know of his hopes of coming to Cape Town University for more schooling. Recommended by Dickstein Hughes, Garang was accepted at Cape Town, but the money became the sticking point. Thus Dickstein Hughes and her class started a GoFundMe account, went door to door and held fundraisers. “Life has challenged him time and time again, and Garang has proved himself time and time again.” Dickstein Hughes said.
Now Garang is one year into earning master’s degrees at Cape Town in international development and public health. He is anxious to return home and recreate the process that changed him. “I hope to change the life of others ─ to help them know they have a future,” Garang said.
24. What is the text mainly about
A. A chasm separated a Sudanese soldier from his dream.
B. A Sudanese soldier fulfilled his dream with the help of friends.
C. A Sudanese soldier realized his dream by telling his stories.
D. A former Sudanese soldier hopes to change the life of others.
25. What does the author intend to tell us about Garang in paragraph 2
A. He went to school in 2005.
B. He managed to get more schooling.
C. He did different jobs to make money.
D. He made contributions in rooting out Guinea worm disease.
26. Why did Garang’s friends like to help him
A. He used to be a soldier.
B. He communicated with friends via Internet.
C. He received high level education.
D. His behavior impressed friends deeply.
27. What does the underlined part “sticking point” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Disadvantage. B. Mistake. C. Difficulty. D. Disappointment.
C
For years, you’ve been told that stress can be deadly and is something to be avoided. Therefore, an anxious situation is often accompanied by a sense of fear. However, recent studies suggest that stress-related harmful effects on your health are not unavoidable.
One study followed 30,000 people over eight years and measured their stress levels. Those who believed that stress is harmful died at a higher rate than those who were under stress but didn’t acknowledge the so-called negative effects. The latter group was healthier, and many of them lived long, happy lives.
Stressful feelings start out in a small region of the brain that affects how people feel emotions, especially fear. The small region is very sensitive to possible threats. When it senses danger, it alerts the brain, and feelings of fear or stress can result. These feelings give people a warning message when they need to pay attention and when they need to take action. For instance, when the sight of a speeding car triggers (触发) the region to release a lightning-fast message, we know immediately to move out of the way!
Another study carried by Health psychologist Dr. McGonigal found a link between stress and the amount of sympathy people showed to others. Researchers tracked 1,000 adults, their descriptions of the level of stress in their lives and the amount of time spent helping others. With each major stressful event, such as a family tragedy or financial crisis, the risk of dying increased by 30 percent. But for the group who spent time helping others, there was no increase in stress-related deaths, even for those who had faced their own personal tragedies. According to Dr. McGonigal, “Chasing meaning is better for your health than trying to avoid discomfort. Go after what it is that creates meaning in your life and then trust yourself to handle the stress that follows.”
28. What does the study in paragraph 2 suggest
A. Stress caused many deaths over eight years.
B Stress won’t hurt you if you don’t acknowledge its presence.
C. It is not the stress but our response to it that creates problems.
D. Those without stress usually live long and happy lives.
29. What do we know about stress from paragraph 3
A. Stress is harmful to the brain.
B. Stress can cause danger.
C. Stress can be a threat to us.
D. Stress can lead to timely action.
30. What can we learn from Dr. McGonigal’s study
A. People without stress spend more time caring others.
B. Stress often causes a family tragedy or financial crisis.
C. Stress can be avoided by helping others.
D. People chasing meaning in life suffer less from stress.
31. Which may be the best title for the text
A. Stress Is Not Your Enemy B. Man Can Conquer Stress
C. We Need Remove Stress D. Stress Is Nearly Harmless
D
Singapore has announced new measures designed to quickly increase local food production, including rooftop farming. Officials in the city-state recently set a goal to meet 30 percent of Singapore’s nutritional needs with locally produced food by 2030. The plan includes $21 million in government money to support local production of eggs, vegetables and fish “in the shortest possible time”. The plans were announced as the worldwide spread of COVID-19 has caused shortage of many products, including food in some areas.
Restrictions on population movements around the world have weakened supply chains and raised concerns about worsening shortages and price increases. Currently, densely populated Singapore produces only about 10 percent of its own food needs. Only 1 percent of Singapore’s 724 square kilometers are currently used for agriculture. And production costs there are higher than the rest of Southeast Asia. Singapore’s Food Agency says its goal is to raise local food production levels to make up for climate change and population growth that could threaten worldwide food supplies. “The current COVID-19 situation underscores the importance of local food production, as part of Singapore’s strategies to ensure food security,” the Food Agency said in a statement.
Singapore officials have repeatedly told citizens that the city-state has enough food to get through the COVID-19 crisis. But they have decided to speed up the process of increasing local production to begin within the next six months. This plan includes efforts to identify alternative farming spaces, such as industrial areas and empty building spaces. It also calls for adding new technologies to improve farming methods. Officials said one part of the project aims to establish roof top farms on public housing parking areas beginning in May.
32. What can we know about Singapore’s new plan
A. It aims to increase food import.
B. Local produced food will play the most part by 2030.
C. More money will be given to support local food production.
D. It will help reduce the spread of COVID-19.
33. Why did Singapore announce new measures
A. To ease the concerns caused by restrictions.
B. To reduce local food production cost.
C. To promote population growth of the nation.
D. To prepare for the possible shortage of worldwide food supplies.
34. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “underscores” in paragraph 2
A. Underlines. B. Highlights. C. Replaces. D. Explains.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. The ways to increase food production. B. The troubles the new plan is facing.
C. The reasons to speed up local food production. D. The benefits brought by the new measures.
山东省青岛市黄岛区2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （15个小题，每题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A lot of people like movies and films. They can add thrill and imaginations to our lives. Find the latest movie reviews here.
Mulan
The fearless and spirited eldest daughter of an honored warrior, Mulan is the apple of her father’s eye. To save her aging father from serving in the Imperial Army, clever Mulan disguises (乔装) herself as a man soldier named “Ping” to bravely take her father’s place in the Imperial Army to battle northern invaders in China.
Critics Consensus (共识): It could have told its classic story with greater depth, but the live-action Mulan is a visual improvement.
Family Romance
Love is a business at Family Romance: a company that offers the rental service. Founder Yuichi Ishii helps fulfill the dreams of his clients. Mahiro’s mother will hire Ishii to play as her missing father. And reality will begin to be unclear.
Critics Consensus: It is a fascinating exploration of human connection and follows an unconventional path.
Greenland
A family fights for survival as a planet-killing comet (彗星) races to Earth. John Garrity (Gerard Butler), his wife Allison, and young son Nathan make a dangerous journey to their only hope for refuge (避难). Among terrifying news, the Garritys experience the best and worst in humanity while they battle the increasing panic and lawlessness surrounding them.
Critics Consensus: Beware, comets of Greenland: Gerard Butler, is here to protect Earth -- and show audiences an improbably entertaining time.
Black Box
Having lost his wife and his memory in a tragic car accident, news photographer Nolan Wright is desperate. After losing his wife and memory, Nolan Wright, a single father undergoes an experimental treatment that causes him to question who he really is.
Critics Consensus: An interesting work of writer-director Emmanuel Osei-Kuffour, Black Box makes up for a lack of surprises with strong performances and an emotionally rewarding story.
1. Which movie should have presented a better story according to critics
A. Mulan. B. Family Romance. C. Greenland. D. Black Box.
2. Which movie is a science fiction？
A. Mulan. B. Family Romance. C. Greenland. D. Black Box.
3. In which section of the newspaper can you read this text
A. Advertisement. B. Science. C. Entertainment. D. News Report.
B
When I teach yoga (瑜伽), I usually announce “Phones off and at the back of the room” at the beginning of class. Recently, I forgot and had to whisper to a student texting during class to turn off her phone. She looked displeased but did so. But two days later, in another class, I was met with resistance from a young woman who completely refused.
“But I’m on call. I might have to jump up and run out of class.”
“Then maybe this isn’t the best place for you to be tonight.”
That response got me an angry and unfriendly look. But when she came back the next week, there was no phone and she was much more present.
Present is what I’m asking my students to be. Present to themselves and their yoga experience. You cannot be present to yoga if you are texting or emailing or anxiously awaiting a call. And neither can anyone around you. Definitely, if one phone is out, many pairs of eyes are drawn to it. And then other phones start to appear. Forget the fact that you’re missing the class you paid for; you’re at risk of losing your balance and hurting yourself or someone else due to inattention, or disturbing someone else’s moment of peace and stillness with the clicking of your keys.
So please, do yourself and everyone around you, this teacher included, a favor and turn your phone off and put it away before you unroll your yoga mat. If you truly are on call, think hard before you come to class.
Be present for yourself, wherever you need to be.
4. How does the author introduce her topic
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparison.
C. By presenting the process.
D. By analyzing cause and effect.
5. Why was the young woman angry with the author
A. Because she thought she was reasonable.
B. Because she was brave enough to say no.
C. Because she didn’t like the yoga class at all.
D. Because the author was rude to her.
6. Which is Not the probable result of using phones in yoga class
A. Hurting yourself. B. Missing the class.
C. Disturbing others. D. Getting others’ admiration.
7. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage
A. To describe the situation of her yoga class.
B To explain her relationship with students.
C. To show her opinion about using mobile phones.
D. To stress the importance of being attentive in yoga class.
C
A lot of people in England have a very strong obsession (痴迷) with football. You might even say they are fanatics! When I was growing up, everyone would rush out to the playground during the break times, desperate to play a game of football.
Whenever there is a big match, all the flags for local football teams are hung outside every window, or even spread proudly on T-shirts or scarves. There is an atmosphere of excitement in the air. Groups of young men crowd into dark, packed bars, peering at tiny television screens in the corners. They shout and scream in frustration when their team loses a goal, or with joy when there is a moment of success.
Football has never been something I have been particularly interested in. For years, I have had to feign (装作) excitement, and pick a team or risk ridicule (嘲笑). You cannot say you don’t like or do not follow football in England, as often this would lead to a long dialogue in which someone would begin telling you why you should support their team. Growing up in north London, I quickly learned everyone around me supported Arsenal, and so I blindly did the same, for fear of having the same conversation more than fifty times.
You do not have to be a fan of football to get caught up in the excitement. Often, I feel annoyed when everyone around me is full of excitement over two groups of people kicking a ball in a field. However, I understand the culture, and I enjoy the excitement. While I may not ultimately desire to play the sport or take part in supporting the teams, I will nevertheless defend people's obsession with the sport. It is their history and obsession.
8. What does the writer intend to tell us by writing paragraph 2
A. The crazy act of British young people.
B. The ways people watch football match.
C. The bar culture in England.
D. The obsession with football of people in England.
9. Why did the writer choose Arsenal to support
A. Because it’s his favourite.
B. Because he knows it well.
C. Because he doesn’t want to be bothered.
D. Because it’s the team of his hometown.
10. Which word can best describe the author’s attitude towards British’s obsession with football
A Critical. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Supportive.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Football: A game for the world
B. My idea about football
C. British: crazy love for football
D. My love for Britain
D
Imagine a world where you move around in front of a personal computer in your own sound space. You listen to your favorite songs, play loud computer games or watch a movie - all without other people hearing the sound. That is the possibility presented by “sound beaming,” a new technology from Noveto Systems, an Israeli company.
On Friday, the company presented a desktop device that sends sound directly to a listener without the need for headphones or a special receiver. Noveto Systems gave The Associated Press (AP) a chance to test its Sound Beamer 1.0 before its debut. The AP’s Louise Dixon writes that listening to the device is like something from a science fiction movie. The sound seems so close it feels like it is inside your ears while also in front, above and behind them.
Noveto expects the device will have many uses. Office workers could listen to music or conference calls without others hearing. People could play a game, a movie or music without waking up others in the same room. Because the device does not use headphones, it is possible to hear other sounds in the room clearly.
The device uses a 3-D technology that finds and follows the ear position of the listener. It sends ultrasonic waves (超声波) to create sound pockets by the user’s ears. Sound can be heard in stereo or 3-D. The 3-D method creates sound on all sides of the listener. By changing a setting, the sound can follow a listener around when they move their head. It also is possible to move out of the sound beam’s path and hear nothing at all.
While the idea of sound beaming is not new, Noveto was the first to launch the technology. Its chief executive officer Christophe Ramstein said a smaller version of the device will be ready for release to consumers next year.
12. What do we know about Sound Beamer
A. It’s a device appearing in the science fiction movie.
B. Listeners got its sound through a receiver.
C. It can prevent other sound being heard.
D. The smaller one will be on market next year.
13. What does the underlined word “debut” in paragraph 2 mean
A. New version. B. First appearance. C. Another failure. D. Some doubt.
14. What does the fourth paragraph tell us
A. How the device works.
B. How to use the device.
C. The device’s advantage.
D. Why the device is invented.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. The introduction of a new device--sound beamer.
B. The usage of 3D technology.
C. The influence brought by sound beamer.
D. 3D technology and listening experience.
山东省青岛市黄岛区2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Travelers in America who want to experience the Wild West can now go to a holiday in the old style to see how the American pioneers traveled and lived.
Today’s travelers go by horse wagon like the old-time. They set up camp at night under the stars and learn to cook their meals over fires. They also learn to lead herds of cattle with present-day cowboys and try to bring wild horses into a corral (畜栏). For those who just want to pretend half way, the special holidays offer the chance to “rough it” during the day in the wagons but sleep at night in the comfort of fan air-conditioned ranch (牧牛场) complete with swimming pool, sauna and tennis courts.
In Wyoming the holiday makers will travel by wagon past ghost towns and cemeteries where pioneers and wild cowboys were buried. The route goes along the same track as the Pony Express riders who braved attacks from Indians and robbers to get the mail through to the Wild West. High Island Ranch in Wyoming at the foot of the Rocky Mountains is also an ideal place to go trout fishing and to ride wild horses. In Colorado, the modern-day pioneers can stay at Randy George’s ranch and try their hand at breaking-in horses and branding (打烙印) cattle. In New Mexico there will be a chance to help in driving cattle to their new summer pastures (牧场). Trips last for a week so those taking part get a chance to get a feel for the Wild West as it really was.
1. What is the author’s purpose by writing the passage
A. To reveal the real life of the Wild West in the old time.
B. To tell the readers what they should prepare for special holidays.
C. To introduce some trips in which people can experience the Wild West.
D. To advertise for the most popular tourist attractions in America.
2. What does the underlined phrase “rough it” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Make the travelers comfortable.
B. Live a hard and simple life.
C. Travel everywhere in the wagons.
D. Bring wild horses into a corral.
3. What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. Travelers will pass ghost towns to visit pioneers and wild cowboys.
B. People are not interested in how the pioneers traveled and lived.
C. It was not easy to deliver the mail to the Wild West in the old time.
D. The pioneers and wild cowboys in the old time led an easy life.
B
Up till about 130 years ago, newspapers in the United States attracted only the most serious readers. They used no illustration (插图) and the articles were about politics or business.
Two men changed that - Joseph Pulitzer bought the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal. Pulitzer bought the New York World in 1883. He changed it from a traditional newspaper into a very exciting one overnight. He added lots of illustrations and he told his reporters to write articles on every crime they could find. And they did. One of them-a woman reporter, even pretended she was mad and was sent to a hospital. She then wrote many articles about the poor treatment of patients in those hospitals where mad men were kept.
In 1895, Hearst came to New York from California. He wanted the Journal to be more exciting than the World. He also wanted it to be cheaper, so he lowered the price to a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his newspaper headings were bigger than anyone else’s. He often says, “Big print makes big news.”
Pulitzer and Hearst did anything they could to sell newspapers. For example, Hearst sent Frederic Remington, the famous illustrator, to draw pictures of the Spanish-American War. When he got there, he told Hearst that no fighting was going on, Hearst answered, “You provide the pictures. I’ll provide the war.”
4. What kind of news did American newspapers carry 130 years ago
A. Only serious matters. B. All kinds of exciting news.
C. Crimes and mad people. D. The treatment of patients in hospital.
5 What can we know about the woman reporter in the second paragraph
A. She helped Joseph Pulitzer buy the New York Journal.
B. She was forced to be mad and was sent to a hospital.
C. She learned a lot about the real life of the mad patients in hospital.
D. She made the newspaper from traditional to exciting.
6. Pulitzer and Hearst used all the means EXCEPT ________ to make newspapers exciting.
A. adding illustrations into newspapers
B. satisfying the needs of politicians
C. getting the reporters to write about crimes
D. printing big newspaper headings
7. What does this passage mainly talk about
A. The difficulties that the newspaper owners faced.
B. Two most famous reporters of the United States.
C. Newspaper owners were fond of crimes and war.
D. Two important men changed newspapers greatly.
C
Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37,500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries. They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.
The pair who set off from London, thought their expedition was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers from their destination. They decided to pull it the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Rich and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discovered a mechanic who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it.
The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America. They witnessed firsthand the educational challenges facing these areas today. They joined street children in the slums of Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnom Penh. They visited Congolese refugees (难民) in camps in Eastern Burundi. They witnessed how education could free sex-workers in Delhi and victims of human trafficking in Nepal.
The pair established The Tuk Tuk Educational Trust, a U.K. registered charity.
Talking about their motivation, Richard said: "The world's leaders have made a commitment to achieving universal primary education but, in spite of this pledge (誓言,承诺), over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, though still cannot access quality learning opportunities."
8. Why did the two teachers travel the world
A. To support an education project.
B. To create a new world record.
C. To entertain themselves.
D. To challenge themselves.
9. How far did the two teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day on average
A. A little more than 23 kilometers. B. About 14 miles.
C. 43 miles. D. 70 kilometers.
10. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. How they realized their next goal.
B. Their exciting experience on the road.
C. The beautiful scenery of famous mountains.
D. The difficulties and dangers they faced in the journey.
11. Which of the following best describes the two teachers
A Curious and brave. B. Humorous and generous.
C. Courageous and responsible. D. Efficient and honest.
D
Nobody needs reminding that exercise is good for our health, but we may need reminding that it needs to be done in the right way.
Light exercises are a great way to improve circulation and keep our muscles active, especially if the rest of the day will be spent sitting in front of a computer or in a lecture hall. However, certain sports like long distance running require training to build up our bodies so they can handle the challenge. If we go into such sport cold, it can shock our muscles, hearts, lungs, and other organs and cause severe pain or in some cases, even death.
Some people are born with medical conditions that go unnoticed until they stress the unstable part of their body. A weak heart may never be seen until we do something that causes extreme physical effort. Recently there have been cases of people dying while running long distances. Also, a university student died after taking a 1.000m running exam. Some universities and high schools have cut long distance races (i.e. 3.000m, 5,000m) from their campus sports games, partly because of the supposed danger and partly because they say fewer people are entering such events.
Maybe education about such events is lacking, especially during primary and high school. People participating in such competitions should realize that a reasonable amount of training is required beforehand and having a medical check is wise, especially for a marathon. People shouldn’t be forced to participate in events that push them past their limits, especially if they haven’t warmed-up completely. Cancelling events could lead to people becoming less healthy and overweight. Maybe these events shouldn’t be cancelled, but organizers and participants should be more careful about regular health checks.
12. Why does the author write the text
A. To give us some reminding on exercises.
B. To persuade us to take less sports.
C. To advise students to have regular exercises.
D. To require cancelling long distance running.
13. What does the underlined word “cold” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Having trained a lot. B. Without any preparation.
C. Having a low temperature. D. In an unfriendly way.
14. Why do some universities and schools cancel long distance races
A. Because no students are willing to enter such events.
B. Because the students’ physical conditions are too poor to finish them.
C. Because long distance running is not fit for students.
D. Because they worry about the supposed danger in such races.
15. What does the author advise us to do before running a marathon
A. Have a medical check and warm-up exercises.
B. Push ourselves past our limits.
C. Participate in it confidently.
D. Try to lose some weight first.
答案：
山东省青岛市黄岛区2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一些国家在秋季庆祝的几个节日。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Thanksgiving is also an important celebration for Americans that takes place in late November every year, with seasonal dishes like yams smothered and pumpkin pies always having a place at the Thanksgiving dinner table. Walks, hikes and trips to see the changing foliage are also hugely popular, with locations like Asheville and North Carolina, boasting of some of the most beautiful autumn scenery around.(感恩节对美国人来说也是一个重要的庆祝活动，每年11月下旬都会举行，像山药和南瓜派这样的季节性菜肴总是在感恩节餐桌上占据一席之地。散步、徒步旅行和观赏不断变化的树叶的旅行也非常受欢迎，阿什维尔和北卡罗来纳州等地都有最美的秋景)”可知，感恩节人们会吃季节性的菜肴，外出散步或旅行观秋景，说明这一节日以美食和旅行为特色。故选C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The world’s largest folk festival begins in September and runs for about two weeks, featuring traditional Bavarian food, music, clothing, and most importantly, lots of beer!(世界上最大的民间节日将于9月开始，为期约两周，以巴伐利亚传统食品、音乐、服装为特色，最重要的是，还有大量的啤酒！)”可知，在Oktoberfest节日期间，人们可以享受到巴伐利亚传统美食。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“From baking pumpkin pie to celebrating the moon, here’s how autumn is celebrated across the globe.(从烤南瓜派到赞美月亮，以下是全球庆祝秋天的方式)”可知，后文介绍的几个节日都是在秋天进行的。故选D。
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是来自南苏丹共和国的前士兵加朗·皮奥尔(Garang Piol)通过参加一些工作和朋友的帮助来支付学费的求学经历。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“Recommended by Dickstein Hughes, Garang was accepted at Cape Town, but the money became the sticking point. Thus Dickstein Hughes and her class started a GoFundMe account, went door to door and held fundraisers. “Life has challenged him time and time again, and Garang has proved himself time and time again.” Dickstein Hughes said.”（在Dickstein Hughes的推荐下，加朗被开普敦大学录取，但钱成了症结所在。因此，Dickstein Hughes和她的班级开设了一个GoFundMe账户，挨家挨户地进行筹款活动。“生活一次又一次地向他挑战，加朗一次又一次地证明了自己。”迪克斯坦休斯说。）可知，本文主要讲的是来自南苏丹共和国的前士兵Garang Piol通过参加一些工作和朋友的帮助来支付学费的求学经历，即A Sudanese soldier fulfilled his dream with the help of friends，故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“In the years after the war’s ending in 2005, he had worked as an electrician in a school where he found a chance at education...His salary paid for his living expenses and for his education at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa in Kenya, where he earned a degree in sustainable development.”（在2005年战争结束后的几年里，他曾在一所学校当电工，在那里他找到了接受教育的机会……他的工资支付了他在肯尼亚东非天主教大学(Catholic University of Eastern Africa)的生活费和教育费用，并在那里获得了可持续发展学位。）可知，作者在第二段主要是想告诉我们Garang设法接受了更多的教育。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Stobbelaar says Garang impressed Carter Center staff with his intelligence, organization and communication abilities.”（Stobbelaar说，加朗的智慧、组织和沟通能力给卡特中心的工作人员留下了深刻印象。）可推断出，加朗的朋友喜欢帮助他是因为他的行为给朋友们留下了深刻的印象。故选D。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“Thus Dickstein Hughes and her class started a GoFundMe account, went door to door and held fundraisers.”（因此，Dickstein Hughes和她的班级开设了一个GoFundMe账户，挨家挨户地进行筹款活动。）可知，进行筹款肯定是因为Garang需要钱，因此划线词所在的句子的意思是“钱成了困难所在”，划线词的意思是“困难”，即Difficulty，故选C。
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文通过科学研究得出压力本身不会给我们带来问题，我们对压力的态度影响了生活。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“One study followed 30,000 people over eight years and measured their stress levels. Those who believed that stress is harmful died at a higher rate than those who were under stress but didn’t acknowledge the so-called negative effects. The latter group was healthier, and many of them lived long, happy lives.(一项研究对30000人进行了为期八年的跟踪调查，并测量了他们的压力水平。那些认为压力有害的人的死亡率高于那些处于压力下，但不承认所谓的有负面影响的人。后一组人更健康，他们中的许多人生活幸福且长寿)”可知，死亡率高的测试组中的人们认为压力有害，另一组则不认为压力有不良影响，由测试的研究结果可见，造成问题的不是压力，而是我们对压力的态度。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When it senses danger, it alerts the brain, and feelings of fear or stress can result. These feelings give people a warning message when they need to pay attention and when they need to take action. For instance, when the sight of a speeding car triggers (触发) the region to release a lightning-fast message, we know immediately to move out of the way!(当它感觉到危险时，它会提醒大脑，从而产生恐惧或压力的感觉。当人们需要注意和采取行动时，这些感觉会给他们一个警告信息。例如，当看到一辆超速行驶的汽车时，该区域会快速地释放出信号，我们立即知道要让开！)”可知，压力感(feelings of stress)会给人们发出信息，从而让人做出应变，及时采取行动。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With each major stressful event, such as a family tragedy or financial crisis, the risk of dying increased by 30 percent. But for the group who spent time helping others, there was no increase in stress-related deaths, even for those who had faced their own personal tragedies.(每发生一次重大压力事件，如家庭悲剧或金融危机，死亡风险都会增加30%。但对于那些花时间帮助他人的人来说，与压力相关的死亡人数没有增加，即使是那些曾经经历过个人悲剧的人)”及“Chasing meaning is better for your health than trying to avoid discomfort.(追求生活的意义比避免生活中的不幸对你的健康更好)”可知，追求生活意义的人承受的压力更小。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。本文通过科学研究得出压力本身不会给我们带来问题，我们对压力的态度影响了生活，结合最后一句“Go after what it is that creates meaning in your life and then trust yourself to handle the stress that follows.(追求在生活中创造意义的东西，然后相信自己能够处理随之而来的压力)”可知，“Stress Is Not Your Enemy (压力不是你的敌人)”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新加坡政府宣布了旨在快速增加当地粮食产量的新措施，其中包括屋顶种植。介绍了采取这一措施的原因以及增加粮食产量的方法。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The plan includes $21 million in government money to support local production of eggs, vegetables and fish “in the shortest possible time”.(该计划包括2100万美元的政府资金，以“在尽可能短的时间内”支持当地鸡蛋、蔬菜和鱼的生产)”可知，在新加坡的新计划中更多的钱将被用于支持当地的食品生产。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The plans were announced as the worldwide spread of COVID-19 has caused shortage of many products, including food in some areas. (这些计划是在COVID-19全球传播导致包括一些地区的食品在内的许多产品短缺的情况下宣布的)”以及第二段中“Singapore’s Food Agency says its goal is to raise local food production levels to make up for climate change and population growth that could threaten worldwide food supplies.(新加坡粮食署表示，其目标是提高当地粮食生产水平，以弥补气候变化和人口增长可能威胁全球粮食供应的影响)”可知，新加坡宣布新措施是为可能的全球食物供应短缺做准备。故选D。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The current COVID-19 situation”以及后文“the importance of local food production, as part of Singapore’s strategies to ensure food security”结合上文提到新加坡宣布新措施是为可能的全球食物供应短缺做准备，可知，声明中表示目前的COVID-19形势使当地粮食生产的重要性突出，这是新加坡确保粮食安全战略的一部分，故画线词意思是“使突出”。A. Underlines.加下划线；B. Highlights.使突出；C. Replaces.替代；D. Explains.解释。故选B。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Singapore officials have repeatedly told citizens that the city-state has enough food to get through the COVID-19 crisis. But they have decided to speed up the process of increasing local production to begin within the next six months. This plan includes efforts to identify alternative farming spaces, such as industrial areas and empty building spaces. It also calls for adding new technologies to improve farming methods. Officials said one part of the project aims to establish roof top farms on public housing parking areas beginning in May.(新加坡官员多次告诉公民，这个城市国家有足够的食物度过COVID-19危机。但他们已决定在未来6个月内加快提高当地产量的进程。该计划包括努力确定可替代的农业空间，如工业区和空置的建筑空间。它还呼吁增加新技术来改善农业方法。官员们表示，该项目的一部分旨在从5月开始在公共住房停车场建立屋顶农场)”可知，最后一段主要讲了增加粮食产量的方法。故选A。
山东省青岛市黄岛区2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C
【解析】
这一篇应用文。文章介绍了几部电影概要和影评。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mulan中“It could have told its classic story with greater depth, but the live-action Mulan is a visual improvement.( 《花木兰》本可以更有深度地讲述它的经典故事，但真人版的《花木兰》在视觉效果上做了改进。)”可知，评论家认为，《花木兰》本应该呈现一个更好的故事。故选A。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Greenland中第一句“A family fights for survival as a planet-killing comet (彗星) races to Earth.( 一个家庭为生存而战，因为一颗毁灭行星的彗星正飞向地球。)可知，Greenland这部影片讲述了人类抗击毁灭行星的彗星的故事。由此可推知，Greenland是一部科幻片。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“A lot of people like movies and films. They can add thrill and imaginations to our lives. Find the latest movie reviews here.( 很多人喜欢看电影。它们可以为我们的生活增添刺激和想象力。在这里找到最新的电影评论。)可知，本文介绍了几部电影的评论。由此可知，我们可能在报纸的娱乐版读到这篇文章。故选C。
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要通过一位女性拒绝瑜伽课关闭手机的事情介绍话题present，强调了瑜伽课上专心的重要性，不受手机影响，抓住正在发生的当前。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。由文中第一段“When I teach yoga (瑜伽), I usually announce “Phones off and at the back of the room” at the beginning of class. Recently, I forgot and had to whisper to a student texting during class to turn off her phone…”（当我教瑜伽时，我通常会在上课开始时宣布“在教室后部放下电话”。最近，我忘记了，不得不在上课时向学生发短信以关闭手机。她看上去很不高兴，但确实如此。但是两天后，在另一堂课上，我遭到了一位完全拒绝的年轻女子的抵制。）可知，作者开篇通过一件具体的事件来讲述present话题，即举例子。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。文章第一至四段“I was met with resistance…That response got me an angry and unfriendly look.”（我遭到了一位完全拒绝的年轻女子的抵制。“我在打电话，而且我必须跳起来跑出教室了。那这可能不是你今晚要呆的地方。那样的反应使我生气又不友好。）可知，作者强调在瑜伽课上关闭手机被这位女性拒绝，她回答自己在打电话。可推知这位女性认为自己的行为没有什么不对的。即她认为自己的做法是合理的。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。文章第五段“Definitely, if one phone is out, many pairs of eyes are drawn to it… disturbing someone else’s moment of peace and stillness with the clicking of your keys.”（如果一部手机出现，就会吸引很多双眼睛。然后其他电话开始出现。忘记这个事实你错过了付费课程。您可能会因为注意力不集中而失去平衡并伤害自己或其他人，或者通过单击键来打扰其他人的安宁与宁静时刻。）可知，D项“得到别人的赞赏”不是在瑜伽课上使用手机可能出现的结果。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。文章开篇由一个具体的例子讲述瑜伽课不允许使用手机引出话题。第五段“Present is what I’m asking my students to be. Present to themselves and their yoga experience.”（现在是我要我的学生做的。展示他们自己和他们的瑜伽体验。）具体阐释了什么是present以及为什么要关闭手机。第六段“do yourself and everyone around you, this teacher included, a favor and turn your phone off and put it away before you unroll your yoga mat.”（请您和您周围的所有人（包括这位老师在内）帮个忙，在您打开瑜伽垫之前，请关闭手机并放好。）可知是在强调瑜伽课关闭手机。所以目的是强调在瑜伽课上专心，不受手机的影响。故选D项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。作者主要向我们描述了英格兰对于足球的热情，尽管作者自己并不热爱，但他尊重这种文化。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Whenever there is a big match, all the flags for local football teams are hung outside every window, or even spread proudly on T-shirts or scarves. There is an atmosphere of excitement in the air.Groups of young men crowd into dark, packed bars, peering at tiny television screens in the corners. They shout and scream in frustration when their team loses a goal, or with joy when there is a moment of success.(每当有大型比赛，当地足球队的旗帜都会挂在每个窗户外面，甚至自豪地散布在 T恤或围巾上。空气中弥漫着兴奋的气氛。成群的年轻人挤进黑暗拥挤的酒吧，凝视着角落里的小小电视屏幕。当他们的球队失球时，他们沮丧地大喊大叫，或者当有成功的时刻时，他们高兴地尖叫)”可推知，作者写第二段的目的是想告诉我们英国人对足球的痴迷。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Growing up in north London, I quickly learned everyone around me supported Arsenal, and so I blindly did the same, for fear of having the same conversation more than fifty times.(我在伦敦北部长大，很快就知道身边的每个人都支持阿森纳，所以我盲目地做了同样的事情，因为害怕同样的谈话超过五十次)”可知，作者选取和周围的人一样支持阿森纳，是因为害怕重复的谈话出现，即因为他不想被不断地打扰。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“While I may not ultimately desire to play the sport or take part in supporting the teams, I will nevertheless defend people's obsession with the sport. It is their history and obsession.(虽然我最终可能不想参加这项运动，或者支持这些团队，但我会维护人们对这项运动的痴迷。这是他们的历史和痴迷)”可推知，对于人们对足球运动的迷恋，作者是尊重的，因为这是他们的历史。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A lot of people in England have a very strong obsession (痴迷) with football. You might even say they are fanatics! (英格兰的很多人都对足球有很深的迷恋。你甚至可以说他们是狂热分子！)”，第二段第一句“Whenever there is a big match, all the flags for local football teams are hung outside every window, or even spread proudly on T-shirts or scarves.(每当有大型比赛，当地足球队的旗帜都会挂在每个窗户外面，甚至自豪地散布在T恤或围巾上)”及最后一段中“While I may not ultimately desire to play the sport or take part in supporting the teams, I will nevertheless defend people's obsession with the sport. It is their history and obsession.(虽然我最终可能不想参加这项运动，或者支持这些团队，但我会维护人们对这项运动的痴迷。这是他们的历史和痴迷)”可知，本文主要向我们描述了英格兰对于足球的热情。由此可知，British: crazy love for football(英国人：对足球的狂热热爱)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述以色列一家名为“诺维托”的公司开发了“声音光束”新技术，不用耳机就可以传送声音。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“On Friday, the company presented a desktop device that sends sound directly to a listener without the need for headphones or a special receiver. ”（ 上周五，该公司推出了一款台式设备，无需耳机或特殊的接收器就能将声音直接发送给听筒）和最后一段最后一句“Its chief executive officer Christophe Ramstein said a smaller version of the device will be ready for release to consumers next year.” （该公司首席执行长拉姆斯坦(Christophe Ramstein)说，这款设备的小尺寸版本将于明年向消费者推出)可知，该设备的小版本将于明年上市。故选D。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据本句“Noveto Systems gave The Associated Press (AP) a chance to test its Sound Beamer 1.0 before its debut. ” （诺维托系统公司(Noveto Systems)给了美联社(Associated Press)一个机会，在其首次亮相前测试了它的声音Beamer1.0。）根据句意和常识，可知应该是在它同大众见面之前要进行测试，由此推知debut意为“首次亮相”，同First appearance同义，故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“The device uses a 3-D technology that finds and follows the ear position of the listener. …It also is possible to move out of the sound beam’s path and hear nothing at all. ” （该设备使用3D技术，可以发现并跟踪听者耳朵的位置。它通过发送超声波在使用者的耳朵旁制造出声音袋。声音可以以立体声或三维的方式听到。3-D方法在听者的四周发出声音。通过改变设置，当听者移动头部时，声音就会跟着听者移动。如果离开了声束的路径，也有可能什么也听不到。）可知该段主要叙述的时该设备的工作原理，故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据的主要内容，结合文章第一段 “Imagine a world where you move around in front of a personal computer in your own sound space….That is the possibility presented by “sound beaming,” a new technology from Noveto Systems, an Israeli company.” (试想一下，你在自己的电脑前走动，沉浸在自我的音乐世界里。听着最喜欢的歌曲，玩着吵闹的游戏或者看一部电影，而外界听不到任何声音。以色列一家名为“诺维托”的公司开发了“声音光束”新技术让一切成为可能。）可知，文章主要介绍以色列一家名为“诺维托”的公司开发了“声音光束”新技术，不用耳机就可以传送声音。故选A。
【点睛】词义猜测题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。
4.根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
5. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it, that, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。
6.根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测.根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。
例如小题2中的debut是根据上下文意思进行猜测的，故选B。
山东省青岛市黄岛区2019-2020学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以体验的西部蛮荒旅行。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Travelers in America who want to experience the Wild West can now go to a holiday in the old style to see how the American pioneers traveled and lived. (在美国，想体验西部荒原的旅行者现在可以去旧式度假，看看美国先驱者是如何旅行和生活的。)”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一些人们可以体验的西部蛮荒旅行。结合选项，故选C。
【2题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“For those whojust want to pretend half way, the special holidays offer the chance to “rough it” during the day in the wagons but sleep at night in the comfort of fan air-conditioned ranch (牧牛场) complete with swimming pool, sauna and tennis courts. (对于那些只想假装半途而废的人来说，这个特殊的假期提供了一个机会，让他们白天在马车里“艰难地度过”，而晚上则可以在配有游泳池、桑拿浴室和网球场的风扇空调牧场舒适地睡觉。)”由后面的but可知，前后文应是转折关系，故划线词“rough it”的词义应与后文的“comfort”相反。结合选项，故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In Wyoming the holiday makers will travel by wagon past ghost towns and cemeteries where pioneers and wild cowboys were buried. The route goes along the same track as the Pony Express riders who braved attacks from Indians and robbers to get the mail through to the Wild West. (在怀俄明州，度假者将乘坐马车经过埋葬了拓荒者和野生牛仔的鬼城和墓地。这条路线与小马快车的骑手沿着同一条轨道行驶，他们勇敢地面对来自印第安人和强盗的袭击，将邮件传递到荒野的西部。)”由此可以推断出，在过去，把邮件送到蛮荒的西部是不容易的。结合选项，故选C。
【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读题中常见的出题形式。做这类题时，要根据词、词组或句子所在的语境，即上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。比如：根据语境，根据同义关系，对比关系，因果关系等，尤其需注意熟词生义。例如本题第2小题，根据第二段中“For those who just want to pretend half way, the special holidays offer the chance to “rough it” during the day in the wagons but sleep at night in the comfort of fan air-conditioned ranch (牧牛场) complete with swimming pool, sauna and tennis courts. (对于那些只想假装半途而废的人来说，这个特殊的假期提供了一个机会，让他们白天在马车里“艰难地度过”，而晚上则可以在配有游泳池、桑拿浴室和网球场的风扇空调牧场舒适地睡觉。)”由后面的but可知，前后文应是转折关系，故划线词“rough it”的词义应与后文的“comfort”相反。结合选项，故选B。
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Joseph Pulitzer和William Randolph Hearst这两个人使报纸发生了很大的变化。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Up till about 130 years ago, newspapers in the United States attracted only the most serious readers. They used no illustration (插图) and the articles were about politics or business(直到大约130年前，美国的报纸只吸引最严肃的读者。他们没有使用插图和文章是关于政治或商业。)”由此可知，130年前，美国报纸上刊登的新闻只有严肃的事情。结合选项，故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“One of them-a woman reporter, even pretended she was mad and was sent to a hospital. She then wrote many articles about the poor treatment of patients in those hospitals where mad men were kept.”其中一名女记者甚至假装自己疯了，被送进了医院。接着，她写了许多文章，讲述《广告狂人》所在医院里病人的糟糕待遇。由此可以推知，她了解了很多关于医院里那些疯病人的真实生活。结合选项，故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“He added lots of illustrations and he told his reporters to write articles on every crime they could find. (他加了很多插图，并告诉记者，要写每一个罪行。)”以及倒数第二段中“Hearst attracted attention because his newspaper headings were bigger than anyone else’s. He often says, “Big print makes big news.” (赫斯特之所以引起人们的注意，是因为他的报纸标题比其他任何人的标题都大。他经常说：“大的报纸能带来大的新闻。” ) ”结合选项，A，C和D文中均有提到，但B文章并未提到。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“Two men changed that - Joseph Pulitzer bought the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal. Pulitzer bought the New York World in 1883. He changed it from a traditional newspaper into a very exciting one overnight. (两个人改变了这一点——约瑟夫·普利策买下了《纽约世界》，威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特买下了《纽约日报》。普利策在1883年买下了纽约世界。他一夜之间把它从一份传统报纸改成了一份非常激动人心的报纸。)”由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了两个重要人物使报纸发生了很大的变化。结合选项，故选D。
【点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。如本题第2小题，根据文章第二段中“One of them-a woman reporter, even pretended she was mad and was sent to a hospital. She then wrote many articles about the poor treatment of patients in those hospitals where mad men were kept.” 其中一名女记者甚至假装自己疯了，被送进了医院。接着，她写了许多文章，讲述《广告狂人》所在医院里病人的糟糕待遇。由此可以推知，她了解了很多关于医院里那些疯病人的真实生活。结合选项，故选C。
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两位英国老师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育项目，历经千辛万苦环游世界的故事。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.”可知，他们环游世界是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育项目。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers from their destination. They decided to pull it the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Rich and Nick over three days.”他们距离目的地只有70公里，根据常识，1公里约等于0.6英里，故70公里约等于42英里，他们俩拉了3天，平均一天拉14英里，故选B。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中的关键词“tackle deserts and jungles； survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia； the mountain ranges lying in their path”可知，在二人的旅途中，他们穿越沙漠和丛林、与大象亲密接触过、出了一次事故、还要穿越沿途的山脉。故此段主要讲述了他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险，故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles…. They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.”可知，两位英国教师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育项目，在将他们的故障车辆拖行43英里后，打破了在一辆土拨鼠车上最长旅途的世界纪录。由此判断，他们是有责任感的；根据第三段中的内容，得知他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险，可知他们是非常勇敢的。故选C。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了体育锻炼对人的好处人人皆知，但并不是所有的体育运动都有益于健康，只有恰当的体育锻炼才有益于健康，不恰当的体育锻炼不但对健康无益，而且还会危害人们的健康，甚至危及人们的生命。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Nobody needs reminding that exercise is good for our health, but we may need reminding that it needs to be done in the right way” 没有人需要提醒运动对我们的健康有好处，但我们可能需要提醒，它需要以正确的方式进行。故作者写这篇文章的目的是给人们一些关于体育锻炼的提示。结合选项，故选A。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“However, certain sports like long distance running require training to build up our bodies so they can handle the challenge.” 然而，某些运动，如长跑，需要训练来增强我们的身体，使他们能够应付挑战。由此可知，如果我们不事先进行训练就很与可能陷入“运动寒冷”，故划线词cold的词义应是“没有任何准备的情况”。结合选项，故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“partly because of the supposed danger and partly because they say fewer people are entering such events.” 部分原因是他们认为存在危险，另一部分原因是他们说参加此类比赛的人越来越少。故一些大学和学校取消长跑比赛的原因是他们担心在这种比赛中可能出现的危险。结合选项，故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“People participating in such competitions should realize that a reasonable amount of training is required beforehand and having a medical check is wise, especially for a marathon.” 参加这类比赛的人应该意识到，事先需要合理的训练量，进行体检是明智的，尤其是马拉松比赛。故作者建议参加马拉松比赛的人应该体检以及做一些热身运动。结合选项，故选A。