山东省青岛市黄岛区2019-2022学年高三上学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

山东省青岛市黄岛区
2019-2022学年高三上学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
山东省青岛市黄岛区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（15个小题，每题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Whether you’re looking for a getaway with the girls, a trip for a bunch of friends or a road trip with the guys, Ontario delivers. Check out a collection of routes filled with city inspiration, food destinations or get outside and hike, bike or paddle. Before you set it’s always best to check directly with the business operator to ensure that all businesses are up and operational and to make reservations in advance.
Spend a Weekend in Hamilton
If you’re looking for a nearby getaway full of culture, nature and heritage with loads of character, head to Hamilton. We’ve pulled together a three-day tour packed with some of our best attractions, restaurants, and unbelievable natural surroundings — perfect to enjoy with your other half or a group of friends.
Sip, Savour& Shop-72 Hours in Peterborough
Wander through downtown Peterborough, whose Victorian streets are alive with one-of-a-kind stores, independent dealers and the latest restaurants. Smaller towns offer a taste of shopping in a traditional village bine that with the area’s long, storied history of making beer and you have the perfect pairing for a mouthwatering experience.
Cottage Country Tour in Ontario’s Maple Capital
A seven-day food & drink tour in Lanark County-Ontario’s Maple Capital, This adventure will make you feel like you’re visiting relatives you haven’t seen since that summer at the family cottage when you were nine years old. The food is familiar, and it’s all your favourites.
Hiking and Biking in Barrie
Visitors to Barrie are always impressed by the publicly accessible walking, hiking, and biking trails. Whether lining the waterfront, weaving through flowered gardens, or cutting a path through the forests, Barrie’s trails offer activities for all fitness levels, and are an attraction unique to the area.
1. What are you advised to do before your trip to Ontario
A. Turn to friends for advice. B. Prepare enough food.
C. Visit the business manager. D. Book ahead of time.
2. Which place can remind you of your childhood taste
A. Hamilton. B. Peterborough.
C. Lanark County. D. Barrie.
3. Which route best suits people who like physical exercise
A. Spend a Weekend in Hamilton
B. Sip, Savour & Shop-72 Hours in Peterborough
C. Cottage Country Tour in Ontario’s Maple Capita!
D. Hiking and Biking in Barrie
B
Some young people win distinction because of their good looks, their dance moves or their singing ability. A much smaller number gain fame because they have done something significant and worthwhile with their abilities. Rishab Jain is among the latter. In 2018 at the age of 13, he developed a way to use artificial intelligence to help pancreatic (胰腺的) cancer patients. Rishab’s “Pancreatic Cancer Deep Learning System” won the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge and its $25,000 prize.
Rishab explains that a family friend died of cancer. Then he learned about how deadly pancreatic cancer is, and that its low survival rate is due to how difficult it is to treat. “I’m also into programming, so I was learning about artificial intelligence. I decided to combine the two areas to try to solve a real-world problem using artificial intelligence.”
Rishab has invested his winnings in farther research and in his nonprofit Samyak Science Society. Samyak helps poor children enter the STEM. Rishab is also raising awareness about pancreatic cancer. Many kids would have simply blown their prize money on a fast car or some other shallow things. Rishab has also put some money aside to further his own learning. He is considering becoming a biomedical engineer or a doctor — or both.
How did Rishab become the one that he is It helped that his father is an engineer. And he has been inspired by his brother and other relatives who work and do research in the medical field. He’s seen how STEM jobs have given them “the opportunity to make immediate differences in people’s lives.” That’s an outstanding outlook for one so young. Rishab is providing his teenage peers with a much-needed model of what kinds of things youth can accomplish.
4. Which may be the best title for the text
A. A new hope for the pancreatic cancer patients.
B. Different ways for young people to gain fames.
C. A young scientist and his family doing STEM jobs.
D. A teenager making differences using artificial intelligence.
5. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. What led to Rishab’s creative idea.
B. How difficult it is to treat pancreatic cancer.
C. Why Rishab learnt artificial intelligence.
D. How to solve a real-world problem.
6. What does the underlined word “blown” mean in paragraph 3
A. Earn. B. Save. C. Collect. D. Waste.
7. Which words can best describe Rishab
A. Strong-willed and honest. B. Gifted and responsible.
C. Confident and generous. D. Considerate and curious.
C
Recently, Londoners were treated to a new way in dining. Food Ink, “the world’s first 3D printing restaurant”, opened to a group of guests who dined on a nine-course meal prepared right before their eyes using 3D printers. Even the restaurant’s tables and chairs, cups and plates were created with 3D technology. With London just the beginning, Food Ink plans to bring its innovative restaurant format to a number of other cities around the globe.
Like other 3D applications, printing food is a process that builds layers upon layers of material on top of each other. Each layer is pushed through a print head to form an object with a desired shape, texture, size, and so forth. Unlike other 3D printing, which uses spools (线轴) to create objects out of plastic, food materials in 3D printing are inserted into a syringe (吸管) like container which are then pressed into the shape required. Any food ingredients that can be turned into a paste (糊状物) can be used in 3D food printing.
Fine dining is only one aspect of the food industry about to be revolutionized by 3D printing. Researchers have been exploring ways to use 3D printing to fight world hunger. Mass production of food using powdered nutritional ingredients could help feed a growing population. This is especially important with the world population projected to be 6.5 billion by 2030. The 3D-printed food would have the advantage of being produced cheaply and having a long shelf life.
The technology will enable consumers to quickly make meals with ingredients to suit their specific health needs. The Netherlands Organization for applied scientific research is turning to 3D printing to mash up (捣成糊状) peas, broccoli, and carrots to produce 3D-printed versions of the vegetables. These are easier to chew but hold their shape. The 3D-printed vegetables are being served throughout nursing homes in Germany. It seems that there is no end to the potential of 3D printing.
8. What can we learn about “Food Ink”
A. It attracts lots of guests. B. It’s a 3D technology company.
C. It is popular around the world. D. It features the 3D printing food.
9. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about 3D printing food
A. Its target users. B. Its wide popularity.
C. Its major function. D. Its production process.
10. Why can 3D printing food fight world hunger
A. It can make food tastier. B. It can make food more nutritional.
C. It can reduce food production cost. D. It will slow world population growth.
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. 3D printing has a bright future.
B. 3D printing food will replace the traditional food.
C. 3D application has been used in every aspect of our life.
D. Netherland and Germany are leading the 3D technology.
D
Performing acts of kindness and helping other people can be good for people’s health and well-being. That’s according to a new research published by the American Psychological Association. But not all good-hearted behavior is equally beneficial to the giver. The strength of the link depends.
“Prosocial behavior — selflessness, cooperation, trust, and sympathy — are all necessary components of a harmonious and well-functioning society,” said lead author Bryant RH. Hui. “It is part of the shared culture of humankind, and our analysis shows that it also contributes to mental and physical health.” Previous studies have suggested that people who engage in more prosocial behavior are happier and have better mental and physical health than those who don’t spend as much time helping others.
However, not all studies have found evidence for that link, and the strength of the connection varies widely in the research literature (资料). To better understand what drives that variation, Hui and his colleagues analyzed 201 independent studies that looked at the connection between prosocial behavior and well-being.
Overall, they found that there was a modest link between the two. But it is still meaningful, according to Hui, given how many people perform acts of kindness every day. “A modest effect size can still have a significant impact at a social level when many people are participating in the behavior,” Hui said.
Digging deeper into the research, published in Psychological Bulletin, Hui and his colleagues found that random acts of kindness, such as helping an older neighbor carry groceries, were more strongly associated with overall well-being than formal prosocial behavior, such as scheduled volunteering for a charity.
Researchers might also examine whether more prosociality is always a good thing or whether there is an “ideal level” of prosociality beyond which too much kindness and giving become harmful to the giver, according to Hui.
12. What does “the link” mentioned in paragraph 1 refer to
A. The connection between formal and informal giving.
B. The connection between receivers and givers.
C. The connection between people’s health and happiness.
D. The connection between kind behavior and well-being.
13. Which of the following acts can be regarded as prosocial behavior
A. Buying shoes for one’s own kids. B. Delivering goods to earn money.
C. Interrupting others, conversation. D. Working together to create a presentation.
14. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “modest” in paragraph 4
A. Empty. B. Weak. C. Close. D. Important.
15. Which of the following will Hui agree with
A. All prosocial behaviors are equally beneficial to the givers.
B. The more kind acts one does, the happier the giver will be.
C. Informal acts of kindness contribute more to the giver’s well-being.
D. Too much kindness and giving will do harm to the givers.
山东省青岛市黄岛区2020-2021学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节:（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
See the Great Smoky Mountains in an amazing and unique way—from the air on a scenic helicopter tour! Passengers will get to fly over the Great Smoky Mountains for a birds eye view of the top sights in the area. These tours offer breathtaking views of your favorite Gatlinburg landmarks so be sure to pursue one!
Lake View Tour
Available Now until 12/21
Explore Douglas Lake as well as the Great Smoky Mountains on this 12 mile journey through the skies. Visitors will be treated to glorious views of the French Broad River and Douglas Lake. Other highlights on this tour include Smokies farmland and Douglas Dam, a World War II era dam. The experience lasts approximately 6 minutes.
Mountain Valley Tour
Available Now until 12/24
This 24 mile tour, is the perfect addition to your sightseeing adventures in the Smokies. During this flight, you’ll see the gorgeous Tennessee Valley, the Great Smoky Mountain National Park, and Bluff and Sugarloaf Mountains. This is the best flight to choose if you want to get amazing mountain views. The entire experience lasts approximately 12 minutes.
National Park Tour
Available Now until 12/28
This 50 mile National Park Tour which lasts approximately 25 minutes is an amazing adventure through the Great Smoky Mountains and surrounding areas. As for natural wonders, the tour is sure to impress and is a must-have!
Gatlinburg Tour
Available Now until 12/30
Gatlinburg, TN is one of the most gorgeous cities in the Smoky Mountain area. Take to the skies to get the best views of the beautiful city, Gatlinburg. The tour lasts for 40 miles and approximately 18 minutes.
1. What is the purpose of this text
A. To introduce the Great Smoky Mountains’ amazing views.
B. To explain what you can see in Helicopter Tours.
C. To advertise Great Smoky Mountains Helicopter Tours.
D. To recommend some good travel destinations.
2. If you show special preference to city views, which tour should you choose
A. Lake View Tour. B. Mountain Valley Tour.
C. National Park Tour. D. Gatlinburg Tour.
3. What can we infer about the tours from the text
A. They are unforgettable for the tourists. B. They last approximately equal time.
C. They can be taken on any day in December. D. They cost more than common ones.
B
I did an experiment last week. No, nothing involving test tubes or beakers (烧杯). Instead, I experimented with not watching the news right before I went to bed.
This is a long-time habit of mine so it’s probably not surprising that the first couple of nights I got a little twitchy when news time rolled around and I wasn’t watching. To distract myself, I went to bed a little earlier and read. Wow, what a treat that was! I love to read but I don’t always make the time for it so this felt quite luxurious. On the nights I didn’t read, I spent a little extra time petting my dog, Henry. He loved it. There’s never enough ear scratching for him. The compromise nights were when I had a book in one hand and was petting the dog with the other. Happy all around!
The funny thing about happiness is that it’s a whole lot easier to feel when you’re not being bombarded (轰炸) by images of bad news. It’s not like skipping the late news means that I don’t know what’s going on in the world. I still do read, listen to, and watch news stories. Just not right before I go to bed. That makes it easier to fall asleep and then stay asleep without dreaming about crime, wars, or natural disasters. (Although that dream I had about going to the prom might count as a natural disaster!) It’s definitely a much gentler way to end the day. I like it so much that I’m going to not only continue the no news before bed practice, but I’m also going to experiment with turning off other electronics earlier in the evening, things like the computer and smart phone.
Do you have any experience with turning off your electronics early in the evening Does setting a particular time, like digital Quiet Hours, work Please share any tips you have. Something tells me that this could be a little more challenging for me than no news.
4 What does the underlined word “twitchy” mean
A. Angry. B. Sad. C. Anxious. D. Pleased.
5. What did the author do to distract himself from watching news
A. To treat himself with snacks.
B. To read to his dog.
C. To turn off the TV.
D. To read in bed.
6. What’s the result of the author’s experiment
A. He had more time to walk his dog.
B. He was less exposed to images of bad news.
C. He was cut off from the current world.
D. He had nightmares.
7. What does the author intend to do by writing the text
A. To encourage the readers to cut down time on electronics.
B. To gather the readers’advice in watching TV.
C. To share the effect of watching news.
D. To tell the readers the importance of reading.
C
A lunch break – it’s an important and often necessary part of our working or school day. And now we’re spoilt (惯坏) with a lot of places to buy our lunch from, all offering attractive dishes and sandwiches to eat on the go.
But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. Just grabbing a sandwich, crisps and maybe a cake and coffee can produce at least four items of waste. Paper boxes, cups, wrappers and plastic knives and forks are all part of our disposable (一次性的) feast in addition to the food waste we create. Some experts say throwing away food, which produces methane (甲烷) as it rots, is a bigger cause of climate change than plastics.
But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. Tessa Tricks from the group says “People are saying that they are buying food to take out because life has got busier.” And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch. It means you can eat the things you really want and make the quantity that you actually need.
Of course, preparing your lunch is another thing to fit into your morning scramble (忙乱) of getting ready for work, so if you haven’t got time and you are going to buy lunch, an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.
8. What’s the second paragraph mainly about
A. It costs a lot of money buying lunch.
B. Eating fast food is no good to health.
C. Buying lunch leads to great damage to environment.
D. Experts give suggestions on eating.
9. What’s Hubbub’s suggestion in paragraph 3
A. Stop eating packed lunches.
B. Eating what you like.
C. Trying to be more efficient in work.
D. Making lunch by yourself.
10. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean
A. Buying lunch.
B. Taking your own container.
C. Using reusable coffee cup.
D Using refilling water bottles.
11. What will the writer call on others to do
A. Make a full use of lunch time.
B. Eating properly to keep healthy.
C Doing what you can to reduce pollution.
D. Giving lunch time eating habit a thought to reduce damage to environment.
D
China’s Ministry of Water Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission announced the official full completion of its construction, saying the Three Gorges project has met all design requirements, has a good overall performance, and fulfills the key roles of flood control, electricity generation, shipping and water-resource utilization (利用).
By the end of August, the dam had held back 180 billion cubic meters of water during flood seasons. It saw inflows of over 70,000 cubic meters per second in 2010, 2012 and 2020 and reduced flood peaks by about 40 percent, the review said, greatly easing flood-control pressure in downstream rice-growing areas.
During dry seasons, discharges have been raised to more than 5,500 cubic meters per second, providing more than 20 billion cubic meters of water a year for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. By the end of August, the reservoir had provided replenishment (补水) for 2,267 days, with a total water supply of 289.4 billion cubic meters, improving production, living conditions and the ecology of the river’s middle and lower reaches, the review said.
The world’s largest hydropower station, the dam had generated over 1.35 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity by August, contributing to electricity supply in Central and East China and in Guangdong province. The project has also significantly improved navigation (航运) conditions and strengthened shipping capacity in the Yangtze. By August, some 1.48 billion tons of cargo had passed through the Three Gorges Dam, boosting development in the Yangtze’s economic belt. The production and living environments of the 1.31 million people who were relocated to make way for the Three Gorges project have been greatly improved, and the basic facilities and public service facilities in the reservoir area have developed rapidly, it said.
12. Which of the following may be the title of the news
A. The construction of the Three Gorges Project is fully completed.
B. How the Three Gorges Project has been in operation.
C. The reasons why China built the Three Gorges Project.
D. People in the reservoir area are happier than before.
13. What can we infer from the second paragraph
A. The dam is built aiming to control flood.
B. The dam holds back the same amount of water each year.
C. The inflows in 2010, 2012 and 2020 are smaller than usual.
D. The downstream areas suffer fewer floods due to the dam.
14. What does the underlined word “discharges” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Amounts of giving off something.
B. Things free of charge.
C Passengers getting off board.
D. Substances that are released.
15. Which is true according to the last paragraph
A. The electricity generated by the dam is a good supply for West China.
B. The dam has both active and negative effect to the Yangtze’s economic belt.
C. People living in the reservoir area have got better living conditions.
D. 1.31 million people have lost their homes to make way for the dam.
2020届山东省青岛市黄岛区高三上学期期末学业水平检测英语试题
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Young Scholars Program
The University of Maryland’s Young Scholars Program is a perfect summer camp for academically talented teenagers who want to earn college credits, pursue academic interests or discover college life at the University of Maryland. The program is challenging and rewarding. Students have the opportunity to show that they can be successful in a university environment.
The Activities
During three weeks of exploration, teens preview the university experience, study with students who share similar interests and communicate with the best teachers of the University of Maryland in a dynamic and challenging classroom environment. Students can have trips to nearby Washington, DC and enjoy movie nights and activities at the student union. Workshops and seminars featuring speakers in academic fields further enrich the learning experience.
The Courses
The Young Scholars Program offers college courses that are at the cutting edge of theory, thought and technology. Classes generally meet every day from Monday to Friday. The program is a great introduction to the University of Maryland. Participants can benefit from the University of Maryland’s vast resources, including libraries, computers and instructional labs.
The Rewards
Upon program completion, teens will go home with better preparations for the college experience-both academically and socially. In addition, students earn three college credits that post to the University of Maryland transcript (成绩单).
The Application
The application process includes submission (提交) of the application, high school transcript and a letter of recommendation.
Ages: 14-18
Mailing address: The University of Maryland College Park
For more information, call 3014057762.
1. Which is NOT true about the program according to paragraph1
A. It is intended for college students.
B. It can offer college credits for teens.
C. It’s worth participating.
D. It can let teens experience college life in advance.
2. What can teens do during three weeks of the program
A. They can learn from the best students of the University of Maryland
B. They can join the student union of the University of Maryland.
C. They can attend a meeting for academic discussion.
D. They can attend classes every day.
3. If you want to apply for the program you need ______.
A. preview the university environment ahead of time
B. take a part time job in the university’s library
C. submit high school transcript
D. call 3014057762 to contact the university first.
B
At the age of 14, James Harrison had a major chest operation and he required 13 units (3.4 gallons) of blood afterwards. The blood donations saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could.
More than 60 years and almost 1,200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody (抗体) that has saved the lives of 2.4 million babies from miscarriages (流产), retired as a blood donor on May 11. Harrison’s blood is valuable because he naturally produces Rh-negative blood, which contains Rh-positive antibodies. His blood has been used to create anti-D in Australia since 1967.
“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies. I cry just thinking about it.” Since then, Harrison has donated between 500 and 800 milliliters of blood almost every week. “I’d keep going if they let me,” Harrison told the Herald. His doctors said it was time to stop the donations. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health.
Harrison’s retirement is a blow to the Rh treatment program in Australia. Only 160 donors support the program, and finding new donors has proven to be difficult. But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t mean he’s completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia.
4. Why did James Harrison decide to donate blood as regularly as he could
A. Because he wanted to be a celebrity.
B. Because he was saved by the blood donations when he was young.
C. Because his blood is valuable.
D. Because the Rh treatment program in Australia need him.
5. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in paragraph 3
A. Robyn Barlow was sad because millions of babies suffer from blood disease.
B. Robyn Barlow was worried because Harrison may die of losing too much blood.
C. Robyn Barlow was moved by Harrison’s donations.
D. Robyn Barlow was frightened by Harrison’s crazy behavior.
6. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Harrison’s retirement will not affect the Rh program.
B. After Harrison’s retirement, the Rh program will fail.
C. Harrison’s influence to the Rh program will still exist after his retirement.
D. A library has been built for the study of Harrison’s DNA .
7. Which word can best describe Harrison
A. Patient. B. Diligent.
C. Talented. D. Devoted.
C
Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.
Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting the places for birds to stop, rest and feed. The scientists studied the migration or flight paths of almost 1,500 species. They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas.
The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings and pavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says “Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation (开垦) because of urban, industrial and agricultural land expansion”.
The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don’t have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to restore their energy for the next part of their journey. Countries in North Africa, Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time in protecting land. The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds. One species that doesn’t exist now is the Eskimo curlew. “Our world gets poorer every time we lose a species,” one of the scientists says.
The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopping areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. For example, one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might die.
One scientist who is not connected with the report tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.
He says small changes, like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference.
8. What mainly caused the disappearing of birds’ habitats
A. The decrease of awareness to protect birds. B. Natural disasters.
C. Overuse of land by human beings. D. The rising sea level.
9. What may be the main reason for many birds’ death on the way of migration
A. Exhaustion and hunger. B. Beast attack on the ground.
C. Hunting of humans. D. The long journey.
10. According to the last two paragraphs, how should we protect the migrating birds
A. By keeping fewer cats or dogs.
B. By restoring their destroyed habitats.
C. By helping change the birds’ migration paths.
D. By preserving the ecological environments on their migration paths.
11 What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A. To tell us a huge percentage of bird species are in danger.
B. To analyze the reasons for disappearing of birds’ habitats.
C. To offer some solutions to the problem of birds’ habitats.
D To call on people to protect the birds’ habitats.
D
The biggest challenge faced by travelers especially those who like to have a hiking trip is how to ensure a steady supply of clean clothes. Now, thanks to a great invention called Scrubba Wash Pack, that worry may be a thing of the past.
The portable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while planning to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro. Struck by the limited packing space, he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes. Then he gave up his career as a lawyer and focused on perfecting the bag’s design. By 2012, the bag was ready for the public. It weighed only 180 grams and required very little storage space, making it perfect for anyone wishing to travel light.
Not surprisingly the bag worth 55 dollars was an instant hit with travelers, university students and even passengers. However, Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a disadvantage with his invention – dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag! The recently introduced Scrubba Wash Pack solves that problem.
In order to make the pack active, dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two to three liters of water. The bag is then shut tightly to ensure all air is squeezed out and the clothes are massaged (揉搓) for a few minutes. After a quick wash, they are clean and ready to be dried. According to Newland, the pack can clean anything from jeans to smelly socks! What’s even
more amazing is that with a capacity to hold 13 liters of water, it can be used to wash more clothes at a time.
The best part is that the 99-dollar pack that will be available for sale later this year, only weighs 300 grams and is completely foldable, making it easy to store when it’s not in use. With the Scrubba Wash Pack, wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop, or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past!
12. What aroused Ash Newland’s desire to create the Scrubba Wash Bag
A. Travelers’ requirements. B. His own experience.
C. His dream of invention. D. A traditional washboard.
13. Why wasn’t Ash Newland satisfied with his former invention
A. The bag was not convenient enough.
B. The bag was not popular with travelers.
C. The bag couldn’t wash more clothes at a time.
D. The bag couldn’t be folded up.
14. Which word can best replace the underlined word in paragraph4
A. Blown. B. Pushed
C. Figured. D. Run.
15. It can be inferred that the improved Wash Pack ______.
A. will lighten the burden on housewives
B. will replace the traditional washing machines
C. will be widely used by more travelers in the future
D. can encourage more people to travel a long distance
答案：
山东省青岛市黄岛区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。无论你是想和女孩们一起出游，还是想和朋友们一起自驾游，安大略都是不错的选择。文章主要介绍了安大略的一些旅游景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Before you set it’s always best to check directly with the business operator to ensure that all businesses are up and operational and to make reservations in advance.(在出发之前，最好直接与业务运营商核实，以确保所有业务都正常运行，并提前预约)”可知，在去安大略之前你最好提前预约。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Cottage Country Tour in Ontario’s Maple Capital 中“This adventure will make you feel like you’re visiting relatives you haven’t seen since that summer at the family cottage when you were nine years old. The food is familiar, and it’s all your favourites. (这次冒险会让你感觉你是在拜访你自9岁那年夏天在家庭小屋见过后就再也没见过的亲戚。这里的食物很熟悉，而且都是你的最爱)”可知，在Lanark County可以让你想起儿童时候的味道。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Hiking and Biking in Barrie中的“Visitors to Barrie are always impressed by the publicly accessible walking, hiking, and biking trails. Whether lining the waterfront, weaving through flowered gardens, or cutting a path through the forests, Barrie’s trails offer activities for all fitness levels, and are an attraction unique to the area. ( Barrie 的游客总是对公共步行、徒步旅行和骑自行车的小径印象深刻。无论是沿着滨水区，穿过鲜花盛开的花园，还是在森林中开辟一条小路，Barrie的小径都能提供各种健身活动，是该地区独有的景点)”可推知，在Barrie徒步和骑自行车最适合喜欢体育锻炼的人故选D项。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一个13岁的男孩发明了一种利用人工智能帮助胰腺癌患者的方法。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是一个13岁的男孩发明了一种利用人工智能帮助胰腺癌患者的方法。结合第一段中的“In 2018 at the age of 13, he developed a way to use artificial intelligence to help pancreatic(胰腺的) cancer patients.(2018年，13岁的他发明了一种利用人工智能帮助胰腺癌患者的方法)”可知，“A teenager making differences using artificial intelligence.(一个青少年让人工智能发挥作用)”适合作为本文标题。故选D。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容及“I decided to combine the two areas to try to solve a real-world problem using artificial intelligence.(我决定将这两个领域结合起来，尝试使用人工智能解决现实世界的问题)”可知，Rishab之所以将人工智能和胰腺癌诊治结合起来，是因为家族朋友因此病去世后，他了解到这种病那么致命是因为治疗起来非常困难，刚好他正在学习人工智能，所以他就有了将两者结合的想法。故选A。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词所在句的后半部分“a fast car or some other shallow things(一辆跑得快的车或其他肤浅的东西)”可知，孩子们将钱花掉用来买这些东西。由此可推知，划线词blown表示“花钱；挥霍”，与waste同义。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“I decided to combine the two areas to try to solve a real-world problem using artificial intelligence.(我决定将这两个领域结合起来，尝试用人工智能解决现实世界问题)”可知，Rishab敢于创新尝试，说明他是自信的；根据第三段第一句“Rishab has invested his winnings in farther research and in his nonprofit Samyak Science Society.(Rishab将他的奖金投入到了进一步的研究和他的非营利组织Samyak科学协会)”可知，Rishab是慷慨的。故选C。
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了最近，在伦敦，世界第一家3D打印餐馆开放。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Food Ink, “the world’s first 3D printing restaurant”, opened to a group of guests…（Food Ink，世界上第一家3D打印餐馆对一群客人开放）”可知，Food Ink是一家餐馆，以3D打印菜肴为特色。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句主题句“printing food is a process…（打印食物是一个……的过程）”可推断出，第二段主要是在介绍打印食物的过程。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。文章第三段“The 3D-printed food would have the advantage of being produced cheaply and…（3D打印食物有生产便宜的好处和……）”可知，生产3D打印食物成本低，可以更好地抵抗饥饿问题。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“It seems that there is no end to the potential of 3D printing（似乎3D打印的潜力没有止境）”可推断出，3D打印技术还有很多用处，前途光明。故选A。
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于善行与助人者的幸福感之间联系程度的研究结果，做善事能提升助人者的幸福感，但是两者关系的程度得视情况而定。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段第一、第三句“Performing acts of kindness and helping other people can be good for people’s health and well-being. ... But not all good-hearted behavior is equally beneficial to the giver.(做好事和帮助他人对人们的健康和幸福有好处.……但并非所有的善心行为都对施予者同样有益)”可知，做善事帮助他人有益于助人者的健康幸福，但不同的善行带来的幸福感的程度不同，所以可以推知，“The strength of the link depends.（善行与助人者健康幸福的关系的程度依情况而定”，此处“the link”指代上文提及的“善行与助人者幸福感之间的关系”，在第三段最后一句“To better understand what drives that variation, Hui and his colleagues analyzed 201 independent studies that looked at the connection between prosocial behavior and well-being.(为了更好地理解这种差异的驱动因素，Hui和他的同事分析了201项关于亲社会行为和幸福感之间联系的独立研究)”，此处 “the connection between prosocial behavior and well-being”为相同概念。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“Prosocial behavior—selflessness, cooperation, trust, and sympathy—are all necessary components of a harmonious and well-functioning society,(亲社会行为——无私、合作、信任和同情——都是一个和谐、运转良好的社会的必要组成部分)”可知，无私助人的、合作共事的，信任他人的，同情他人的行为为亲社会行为，且此处他人应该指家庭以外的人。“一起工作来创建一个演示文稿”可以被视为亲社会行为。故选D项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。第四段第二句开始“But it is still meaningful, according to Hui, given how many people perform acts of kindness every day. ‘A modest effect size can still have a significant impact at a social level when many people are participating in the behavior,’ Hui said.（但是，根据Hui的说法，考虑到每天有多少人做善事，这仍然是有意义的。Hui说:‘当许多人都参与到这种行为中来的时候，适度的效应量仍然可以在社会层面上产生显著的影响’)”可知，划线词所在的句子和下一句有转折关系，可推知，虽然两者不大有关系，程度比较弱，但是每天做好事的人多了，就有意义了，modest与“weak”同义。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段“Digging deeper into the research, published in Psychological Bulletin, Hui and his colleagues found that random acts of kindness, such as helping an older neighbor carry groceries, were more strongly associated with overall well-being than formal prosocial behavior, such as scheduled volunteering for a charity.(对发表在《心理学通报》上的这项研究进行了更深入的研究，Hui和他的同事发现，随机的善举，比如帮助一位年长的邻居搬杂货，比正式的亲社会行为(比如为慈善机构安排志愿服务)与整体幸福感的关系更强)”可知，非正式的亲社会行为更给助人者幸福感。故选C项。
山东省青岛市黄岛区2020-2021学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则旅游广告，介绍了参观Great Smoky Mountains的四个路线的情况。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“See the Great Smoky Mountains in an amazing and unique way—from the air on a scenic helicopter tour! Passengers will get to fly over the Great Smoky Mountains for a birds eye view of the top sights in the area. These tours offer breathtaking views of your favorite Gatlinburg landmarks so be sure to pursue one!(以一种奇妙而独特的方式观赏Great Smoky Mountains——从空中乘坐观光直升机！乘客将飞越Great Smoky Mountains，鸟瞰该地区的顶级景观。这些旅程提供了你最喜欢的加特林堡地标的惊人的景色，所以一定要去一个！)”结合文章是一则旅游广告，介绍了参观Great Smoky Mountains的四个路线的情况。可推知，这篇文章的目的是为Great Smoky Mountains直升机旅游做广告。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Gatlinburg, TN is one of the most gorgeous cities in the Smoky Mountain area. Take to the skies to get the best views of the beautiful city, Gatlinburg.(TN Gatlinburg是Smoky Mountain最美丽的城市之一。飞上天空，欣赏美丽的Gatlinburg)”可知，如果你特别喜欢看城市风景，你应该选择Gatlinburg Tour。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Lake View Tour部分中“Visitors will be treated to glorious views of the French Broad River and Douglas Lake. Other highlights on this tour include Smokies farmland and Douglas Dam, a World War II era dam.(游客可以欣赏到法国宽阔的河流和道格拉斯湖的壮丽景色。这次旅行的其他亮点还包括Smokies农田和道格拉斯大坝，一个二战时期的大坝)”；Mountain Valley Tour部分中“This is the best flight to choose if you want to get amazing mountain views.(如果你想欣赏令人惊叹的山景，这是最好的选择)”以及National Park Tour部分中“As for natural wonders, the tour is sure to impress and is a must-have!(至于自然奇观，一定会给人留下深刻印象，是必游之选！)”可推知，旅行会让游客难忘。故选A。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者做了一个实验，尝试在睡觉前不看新闻。慢慢地作者发现在睡觉前早早关掉各种电子设备好处多多。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Instead, I experimented with not watching the news right before I went to bed.”（相反，我尝试在睡觉前不看新闻。）可知，第二段第一句中的this是指睡觉前看新闻，根据画线词前“This is a long-time habit of mine”可知，睡觉前看新闻是“我”长期以来的习惯。再结合画线词后“when news time rolled around and I wasn’t watching”（当新闻时间到了而我没看的时候）可知，一开始改变自己的习惯时会很焦虑。所以twitchy意为“焦虑的”。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“To distract myself, I went to bed a little earlier and read. ”（为了分散注意力，我早一点上床看书。）可知，为了分散注意力，作者躺在床上看书。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The funny thing about happiness is that it’s a whole lot easier to feel when you’re not being bombarded (轰炸) by images of bad news. ”（关于幸福有趣的一点是，当你没有被坏消息的图像轰炸时，你会更容易感到幸福。）可知，作者的实验结果是他较少地接触到坏消息的图像。故选B。
【7题详解】
目的意图题。根据最后一段“Do you have any experience with turning off your electronics early in the evening Does setting a particular time, like digital Quiet Hours, work Please share any tips you have. Something tells me that this could be a little more challenging for me than no news.”（你有在晚上很早就关掉电子设备的经历吗？设定一个特定的时间，比如数字安静时间，有效吗？请分享你的任何建议。有些事情告诉我，这对我来说可能比没有新闻更具挑战性。）可知，作者写这篇文章是为了鼓励读者减少使用电子设备的时间。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为为了保护环境，我们应该考虑改变自己的午餐习惯，并且自己准备午餐有很多好处。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. ”（但是，我们购买午餐食物的欲望不仅让我们付出了金钱的代价，还可能会损害我们的地球。）可知，购买午餐导致了对环境的巨大破坏。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. ”（但不管造成最大损害的原因是什么，一个名为Hubbub的环保运动组织表示，解决方案是打包食物。）和倒第二句“And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch.”（她说，人们认为他们正在变得更有效率；但她认为，自己做午餐通常更健康，也更便宜。）可知，Hubbub的建议是自己做午饭。故选D。
【10题详解】
指代猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful”（使用可重复使用的咖啡杯喝热饮和补充水瓶的想法已经被证明是成功的）可知，this指的是带自己的容器。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. ”（但是，我们购买午餐食物的欲望不仅让我们付出了金钱的代价，还可能会损害我们的地球。）根据倒第二句“And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch.”（她说，人们认为他们正在变得更有效率；但她认为，自己做午餐通常更健康，也更便宜。）根据最后一段 “The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.”使用可重复使用的咖啡杯来热饮和补充水瓶的想法已经被证明是成功的，所以这可能是朝着正确的方向迈出的又一步。由此判断出，作者认为为了保护环境，我们应该考虑改变自己的午餐习惯。故选D。
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。三峡工程正式全面竣工，文章对此进行了详细报道。
【12题详解】
标题判断题。本篇是新闻报道，第一段即为本文中心。根据第一段第一句“China’s Ministry of Water Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission announced the official full completion of its construction, saying the Three Gorges project has met all design requirements, has a good overall performance, and fulfills the key roles of flood control, electricity generation, shipping and water-resource utilization (利用).”（中国水利部和国家发展和改革委员会宣布三峡工程正式全面竣工，称三峡工程已满足所有设计要求，具有良好的综合性能，并履行了防洪、发电、航运和水资源利用的关键作用。）可知，文章主要是讲三峡工程正式全面竣工。所以选项A“三峡工程建设全面竣工”是最好的标题。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“It saw inflows of over 70,000 cubic meters per second in 2010, 2012 and 2020 and reduced flood peaks by about 40 percent, the review said, greatly easing flood-control pressure in downstream rice-growing areas.”（该报告称，2010年、2012年和2020年的洪涝流量超过了每秒7万立方米，使洪峰减少了40%左右，大大缓解了下游水稻种植区的防洪压力。）可知，由于修建了大坝，下游地区遭受的洪水减少了。故选D。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的“providing more than 20 billion cubic meters of water a year for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. ”（每年为长江中下游提供超过200亿立方米的水。）和“During dry seasons”（在旱季）可知，在旱季，三峡水坝为长江中下游提供很多水，所以此处是指排水。即discharges的意思是“排放量”。故选A。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The production and living environments of the 1.31 million people who were relocated to make way for the Three Gorges project have been greatly improved, and the basic facilities and public service facilities in the reservoir area have developed rapidly, it said.”（该报告称，为三峡工程让路而搬迁的131万人的生产和生活环境得到了极大改善，库区的基础设施和公共服务设施得到了迅速发展。）可知，居住在库区的人们的生活条件得到了改善。故选C。
2020届山东省青岛市黄岛区高三上学期期末学业水平检测英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C
【解析】
本文为应用文。文章详细地介绍了青年学者项目计划。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Young Scholars Program中的“The University of Maryland’s Young Scholars Program is a perfect summer camp for academically talented teenagers who want to earn college credits, pursue academic interests or ....”可知，这个项目是为那些想要在马里兰大学获得学分，追求学术兴趣或...有学术天赋的青少年（而不是大学生）。可知A是错误的。故选A。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据The Activities下面一段中的“During three weeks of exploration,... communicate with the best teachers of the University of Maryland in a dynamic and challenging classroom environment.” 可知，在三个星期的探索中，青少年在充满活力和挑战的课堂环境中与马里兰大学最好的老师交流。“在充满活力和挑战的课堂环境中与马里兰大学最好的老师交流”就是激烈的讨论有关学术方面的内容。即是参加学术讨论。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题根据“The application process includes submission (提交) of the application, high school transcript and a letter of recommendation.”申请过程包括递交申请书、高中成绩单和推荐信。可知，如果要申请这个项目就要提交高中成绩单。故选C。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。文章主要叙述Harrison因别人的献血挽救了自己的生命，因此决定18岁以后自己也参与献血。60年里他献血近1200次，他自然产生RH阴性血，其中含有RH阳性抗体，拯救了数百万婴儿。他的献血也促进了未来的澳大利亚抗D计划。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。第一段“At the age of 14, James Harrison had a major chest operation and he required 13 units (3.4 gallons) of blood afterwards. The blood donations saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could.” 14岁时，詹姆斯·哈里森做了一次大的胸部手术，手术后他需要13个加仑的血液。有人献血挽救了他的生命，于是他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能地定期献血。由此可推出，詹姆斯·哈里森决定尽可能地定期献血是因为他小的时有人献血挽救了他。故选B。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线部分的上句“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies...” 罗宾说“澳大利亚生产的每一瓶抗-D药物都含有詹姆斯的捐献，”Rh项目主管Robyn Barlow说，“这是一件了不起的事情。他救了数百万婴儿”。故划线句子“I cry just thinking about it”是说罗宾 巴洛为詹姆斯的献血而感动。分析选项可知C项（哈里森的捐款感动了罗宾·巴洛）符合题意，故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health.”可知，的医生说应该让詹姆斯·哈里森停止献血了。他们已经延长了他献血的年龄限制，现在为了保护他的健康，他们正在切断他的血液供应。最后一段“Harrison’s retirement is a blow to the Rh treatment program in Australia. Only 160 donors support the program, and finding new donors has proven to be difficult. But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t mean he’s completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia.” 詹姆斯·哈里森退休对澳大利亚的Rh治疗计划是一个打击。只有160名捐赠者支持这项计划，找到新的献血者是很困难的。但詹姆斯 哈里森退出献血并不意味着他完全退出了比赛。科学家们正在收集和编目他的DNA，以建立一个抗体和白细胞库，这可能是澳大利亚抗D计划的未来。由此可推断出詹姆斯 哈里森退出这个项目，但却促进了科学家收集和编目他的DNA，将要建立一个抗D和白细胞库。由此可推断出哈里森退休后对Rh项目还有影响。分析选项可知C项（哈里森退休后对Rh项目的影响仍然存在）符合题意，故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要叙述是Harrison因别人的献血挽救了自己的生命，因此决定18岁以后自己也参与献血。60年里他献血近1200次，他自然产生RH阴性血，其中含有RH阳性抗体，拯救了数百万婴儿。他的献血精神就是一种奉献精神，挽救了许多人，更感动了许多。文章中献血（即对他人的奉献精神）一词，贯穿全文。分析选项A. Patient.耐心的；B. Diligent. 勤奋的； C. Talented. 天才的；D. Devoted.奉献精神的。故选D。
【点睛】在阅读中我们经常会考查猜测词句题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词句是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。例如第2小题词句猜测题。根据划线部分的上句“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies...” 罗宾说“澳大利亚生产的每一瓶抗-D药物都含有詹姆斯的捐献，”Rh项目主管Robyn Barlow告诉悉尼先驱晨报说。“这是一件了不起的事情。他救了数百万婴儿”。故划线句子“I cry just thinking about it”是说罗宾 巴洛为詹姆斯的献血而感动。分析选项可知C项（哈里森的捐款感动了罗宾 巴洛）符合题意，故选C。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。研究表明，候鸟迁徙的过程中，由于人类过度开发，城市化建设和工农业的发展，使得候鸟的沿途栖息地遭到了严重的破坏，候鸟因为没有栖息的地方而累死、饿死等，这直接导致大量鸟类物种的消失。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.”可知，科学家说，一大部分鸟类正处于危险之中，因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。以及第三段“Buildings and pavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says “Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation (开垦) because of urban, industrial and agricultural land expansion”可知，建筑物和人行道覆盖了鸟类从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方时停下来觅食的地方。从事这项研究的一位科学家说，“由于城市、工业和农业用地的扩张，这些重要的地方中的许多已经被土地复垦所取代”。由此可知，鸟类的鸟类栖息地的消失是因为人类过度使用土地导致而成的。分析选项可知C项（Overuse of land by human beings）符合题意，故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don’t have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to restore their energy for the next part of their journey.” 根据科学家的说法，问题是这些小鸟中的许多都是在迁徙途中死去的，因为它们没有一个安全的地方来进食和休息。可知，许多鸟类在迁徙途中死亡的主要原因是迁徙中因为筋疲力尽和饥饿。由此可知A项Exhaustion and hunger（筋疲力尽和饥饿）符合题意，故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One scientist ...tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.” 以及最后一段“like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference.”文章最后两段说，虽然鸟儿的一些栖息地正在改变，但可以做更多的事让迁徙途经城市地区的鸟类安全。结合最后一段列举的两项举措，比如种植更多的本地植物或者把猫关在鸟类可能使用的区域之外，这可能会产生很大的影响。可推断出，最后两段我们要保护好迁徙的动物，就要保护好迁徙途中的生态环境。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。作者写本文的目的就是号召大家一起保护鸟儿的栖息地。文章第一段“Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.”可知，鸟类正处于危险之中，因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。从第二段至第四段叙述了鸟儿的栖息地消失的原因及存在的安全隐患。最后三段就如何让鸟儿的栖息地安全提出了建议，各国需要共同努力，为通过其边界的鸟类提供安全的栖息区域。要从小事做起，并号召大家共同努力一起保护鸟儿的栖息地。可知D项（呼吁人们保护鸟类的栖息地）符合题意，故选D。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。如第3小题 属于推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One scientist ...tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.” 以及最后一段“like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference.”文章最后两段说，虽然鸟儿的一些栖息地正在改变，但可以做更多的事让迁徙途经城市地区的鸟类安全。结合最后一段列举的两项举措，比如种植更多的本地植物或者把猫关在鸟类可能使用的区域之外，这可能会产生很大的影响。可推断出，最后两段我们要保护好迁徙的动物，就要保护好迁徙途中的生态环境。故选D。
推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
本文为说明文。本文讲述了Scrubba Wash Pack的来源以及功能。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The portable(手提的) washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while planning to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro. Struck by the limited packing space, he got inspiration(灵感) from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes.”可知：计划攀登乞力马扎罗山时，在2010年Ash Newland发明了便携式洗衣机，由于苦恼于有限的背包空间，他从传统的搓衣板中获得了灵感并创建一个用来洗衣服的包。由此可知，Ash Newland 因为自己的个人经历而发明了这款背包。根据句意可知选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a flaw(缺点) with his invention – dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag!”可知，Newland之所以不满意，是因为他发现这个发明有一个缺点——脏衣服必须用单独的袋子装着，不方便。根据句意可知选A。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前后的“In order to make the pack active, dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two to three liters of water. The bag is then shut tightly... ”to ensure all air is squeezed out and the clothes are massaged (揉搓) for a few minutes....” 为了使背包发挥更好的作用，把脏衣服和2到3升水一起放在袋子里。然后把袋子紧紧地关闭...”。以及划线词“squeeze”后的宾语air可知，“把袋子关闭好”就是确保空气“挤出”，才能洗衣服。squeeze即（挤出）空气。分析选项A.Blown吹，刮；B. Pushed挤开，推挤； C. Figured计算；D. Run 跑，操作。可知，B项（push）符合题意，故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“With the Scrubba Wash Pack, wandering through foreign cities searching for a washing shop, or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past! ”可知，有了Scrubba Wash Pack,在国外漫游时寻找洗衣店或为花钱买洗衣机洗衣付费很快就会成为过去。由此可知，在将来Scrubba Wash Pack将会被更多的旅游广泛使用。故选C。