2023届高考英语复习：虚拟语气非真实条件句表格学案
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语复习：虚拟语气非真实条件句表格学案 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-24 14:17:11 | ||
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文档简介
从句 主句
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 过去将来完成时
If + 主语 + had done 主语+should/would/might/could have done
If you had been here last night,如果昨晚你在那儿，If you had got there earlier,如果你早一点儿到的话， nothing would have happened什么事业不会发生。you would have caught the bus.你就会赶上那辆公共汽车。
与现在事实相反 过去时 过去将来时
If + 主语 + were/did/ 主语+should/would/might/could do
If I were you,如果我是你的话If there was no air,如果没有空气 I should go/would go at once.我立刻就走people would die.人们就会死去。
与将来事实相反 过去时 过去将来时
If + 主语 + were/did/were to doIf + 主语 + should do 主语+should/would/might/could do
If it were Sunday tomorrow,如果明天是周日的话，If you were to visit the school tomorrow,明天你要是参观那所学校If you should meet him,如果你要见他， we wouldn’t have an exam.我们就不参加考试了。you would see me.你就会见到我。you would say “hello” to him.请问他好。
虚拟语气
1、 虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
（一）形式
I.动词的语气简介：
语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。
动词的四种语气：
1、陈述语气——所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的。
Flowers blossom in the spring.
He played the piano well.
2、疑问语气——用来提出问题。
3、祈使语气——表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。
Let us help you.
Keep off the grass.
4、虚拟语气——与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑推测、祝愿等。
II.虚拟语气的运用
一、在if条件从句中的运用
（一）表格及注意事项
注：
1. 目前，虚拟语气的were除了在If I were you 的结构中不能改动外，其他有些情况可以用was。
2. 如果表示否定的意思，多用过去时结构，用should和were to 较少。
（二）、虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装
若符合下列条件，可以省略if:
1.必须是非真实条件句，并且有were, had, should时，才可以省略if.
2.省略if时，主语与were, had, should的位置必须相互调换。
万一我见到她，我会告诉她的。
If I should meet her, I would tell her.
Should I meet her, I would tell her.
如果我处在你的位置上，我会做得更好。
If I were in your position, I would do it better.
Were I in your position, I would do it better
如果他们准备了的话，他们应该能成功的。
If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded.
Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.
(三)含蓄条件句
假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如with，without，but，but for， otherwise等。
I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up.
If I had not lost her phone number…
But for your help, I would not have the
chance to go to school.
If you had not helped me…
I was away that day, otherwise I ____ the
lecture.
A. had attended
B. would have attended
C. would attend
D. attended
二、用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
（一）在wish引导的宾语从句中，表示未能实现或不可能实现的愿望，用虚拟语气。 主句wish的时态不影响从句的时态。
1.与现在事实相反的愿望，从句动词用一般过去时(be变为were）
我希望我是你多好啊！
I wish I were you.
2.与过去事实相反的愿望，从句动词用过去完成时
我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！
I wish I had learned more.
他要是不犯那个大错误，该多好啊！
He wishes he hadn’t made the big mistake.
3.与将来事实可能相反的愿望，从句动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形” 。
最后一次机会他也失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊。
The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he would have another chance.
（二）在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词
1. (demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, …) 谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。
注意：
1. 如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前。
The head nurse insisted that the patient （should) not be moved.
2. 另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气
3. 除此之外，上述动词的其它形式也要求用虚拟式
①在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后的主语从句需要虚拟。
It is suggested that pupils (should) wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+系动词，其后的表语从句需要虚拟。
His suggestion was that classes (should) be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中
The workers raised the demand that their pay (should) be increased to cope with the inflation.
（三） Would rather (that) + 从句
A + would rather (that) + B
+ 过去时 （与现在或将来相反）
+ 过去完成时 （与过去相反）
你要是去那里就好了。
I would rather you had gone there.
你要是现在留在家里就好了。
I would rather you stayed at home now.
三、其它形式的虚拟语气
1. It is + necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等双音节或多音节的形容词后的主语从句中，需要使用虚拟语气。
It is necessary that you (should) listen to the teacher carefully.
It is essential that you (should) be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
2. 在It‘s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式。
It is high time that you went to school.
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用
状语从句的谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同
主句+as if (though)+主语+
were/过去时 〉表示与主句动作同时发生
could/would +动词原形〉表示动作可能在将来发生
had+过去分词〉表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前
He treats me as if I were a stranger.
She talks about it again and again as if she would never end.
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
⒋ 在lest, for fear that （唯恐; 以免）引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。
The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）
5. If only + 从句 表示“愿望”的虚拟
现在时：If only I were here.
过去时：If only I had been here.
将来时：If only I would be here.
动词向前推一个时态。
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 过去将来完成时
If + 主语 + had done 主语+should/would/might/could have done
If you had been here last night,如果昨晚你在那儿，If you had got there earlier,如果你早一点儿到的话， nothing would have happened什么事业不会发生。you would have caught the bus.你就会赶上那辆公共汽车。
与现在事实相反 过去时 过去将来时
If + 主语 + were/did/ 主语+should/would/might/could do
If I were you,如果我是你的话If there was no air,如果没有空气 I should go/would go at once.我立刻就走people would die.人们就会死去。
与将来事实相反 过去时 过去将来时
If + 主语 + were/did/were to doIf + 主语 + should do 主语+should/would/might/could do
If it were Sunday tomorrow,如果明天是周日的话，If you were to visit the school tomorrow,明天你要是参观那所学校If you should meet him,如果你要见他， we wouldn’t have an exam.我们就不参加考试了。you would see me.你就会见到我。you would say “hello” to him.请问他好。
虚拟语气
1、 虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
（一）形式
I.动词的语气简介：
语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。
动词的四种语气：
1、陈述语气——所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的。
Flowers blossom in the spring.
He played the piano well.
2、疑问语气——用来提出问题。
3、祈使语气——表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。
Let us help you.
Keep off the grass.
4、虚拟语气——与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑推测、祝愿等。
II.虚拟语气的运用
一、在if条件从句中的运用
（一）表格及注意事项
注：
1. 目前，虚拟语气的were除了在If I were you 的结构中不能改动外，其他有些情况可以用was。
2. 如果表示否定的意思，多用过去时结构，用should和were to 较少。
（二）、虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装
若符合下列条件，可以省略if:
1.必须是非真实条件句，并且有were, had, should时，才可以省略if.
2.省略if时，主语与were, had, should的位置必须相互调换。
万一我见到她，我会告诉她的。
If I should meet her, I would tell her.
Should I meet her, I would tell her.
如果我处在你的位置上，我会做得更好。
If I were in your position, I would do it better.
Were I in your position, I would do it better
如果他们准备了的话，他们应该能成功的。
If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded.
Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.
(三)含蓄条件句
假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如with，without，but，but for， otherwise等。
I lost her phone number, otherwise, I would have rung her up.
If I had not lost her phone number…
But for your help, I would not have the
chance to go to school.
If you had not helped me…
I was away that day, otherwise I ____ the
lecture.
A. had attended
B. would have attended
C. would attend
D. attended
二、用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
（一）在wish引导的宾语从句中，表示未能实现或不可能实现的愿望，用虚拟语气。 主句wish的时态不影响从句的时态。
1.与现在事实相反的愿望，从句动词用一般过去时(be变为were）
我希望我是你多好啊！
I wish I were you.
2.与过去事实相反的愿望，从句动词用过去完成时
我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！
I wish I had learned more.
他要是不犯那个大错误，该多好啊！
He wishes he hadn’t made the big mistake.
3.与将来事实可能相反的愿望，从句动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形” 。
最后一次机会他也失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊。
The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he would have another chance.
（二）在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词
1. (demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, …) 谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。
注意：
1. 如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前。
The head nurse insisted that the patient （should) not be moved.
2. 另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气
3. 除此之外，上述动词的其它形式也要求用虚拟式
①在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后的主语从句需要虚拟。
It is suggested that pupils (should) wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+系动词，其后的表语从句需要虚拟。
His suggestion was that classes (should) be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中
The workers raised the demand that their pay (should) be increased to cope with the inflation.
（三） Would rather (that) + 从句
A + would rather (that) + B
+ 过去时 （与现在或将来相反）
+ 过去完成时 （与过去相反）
你要是去那里就好了。
I would rather you had gone there.
你要是现在留在家里就好了。
I would rather you stayed at home now.
三、其它形式的虚拟语气
1. It is + necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等双音节或多音节的形容词后的主语从句中，需要使用虚拟语气。
It is necessary that you (should) listen to the teacher carefully.
It is essential that you (should) be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
2. 在It‘s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。
谓语动词用过去式。
It is high time that you went to school.
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用
状语从句的谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同
主句+as if (though)+主语+
were/过去时 〉表示与主句动作同时发生
could/would +动词原形〉表示动作可能在将来发生
had+过去分词〉表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前
He treats me as if I were a stranger.
She talks about it again and again as if she would never end.
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
⒋ 在lest, for fear that （唯恐; 以免）引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。
The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）
5. If only + 从句 表示“愿望”的虚拟
现在时：If only I were here.
过去时：If only I had been here.
将来时：If only I would be here.
动词向前推一个时态。