高考英语语法专题：主谓一致精讲精练学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 高考英语语法专题：主谓一致精讲精练学案（无答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-24 16:19:40 | ||
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主谓一致
英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：1）语法一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。
【语法一致原则】
主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等作主语，V用单数。
①To serve the country is our duty .
③How and why he left was a sad story .
II. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：
1.V常用复数 。
①What he says and what he does do not agree.
②Both Tom and I are fond of medicine.
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。[比较：]The worker and the writer have come.
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。③Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真诚是最好的策略。
类似词还有：When and where, bread and butter/cheese, a knife and fork, a watch and chain, needle and thread, law and order, meat and potatoes ,trial and error, time and tide, the stars and stripes
3. “and”前、后的单数词语都“each, every ,many a ,no”等修饰时,V用单数：①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here. ②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .
Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：
1. a）“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语：“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g.①Many a fine man has died for it .
②A great many parents were present at the meeting .
b）"a / an + 单名+ or two " 接单数谓语： "one or two + 复名"接复数谓语。e.g.①Only a word or two is needed.
②One or two reasons were suggested .
c）"a / an + 单名+ and a half"接单数谓语；“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.①A year and a half has passed . ②One and a half tons of rice are sold .
d） "more than one + 单名"接单数谓语。"more + 复名+ than one "接复数谓语。"more than two (three,…)+复名 " 接复数谓语。①More than one person was absent.
②More students than one have been there .
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert.
2 、主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / meter /… )of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。
a）①There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left .②Large quantities of water are needed .
b）this kind of常视为单数用，these kinds总作复数用。
①This kind of apple is sweet.
③These kinds of apples are sweet.
【注意】但:Apples of this kind are sweet .V总用复数
3. 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与with等短语前的名词一致。
常考短语有：“with ,along with ,together with / as well as ,besides / but, except /added to , including / like, no less than , rather than , more than ”
①A woman with two children has come .
②I as well as they am ready to help you .
4. "one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句"：
1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year .（关系词“that”代“novels”）
②He was one of the boys who were praised .
2）若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。He was the only one of the boys who was praised .(who 代 the only one )
【意义一致原则（Notional Concord）】
I. 集合名词作主语时：
1. 常视为复数用的名词：people , police , cattle，folk, youth ：The police have caught the murderer.
2. 指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数的名词：army, audience, class, club, company, committee, crew, crowd，government, family, public, staff, group, party, union, couple, population, team
①Our family is a happy one .②The family are early risers .
[提示]有些集合名词变复数形式后意义不同。如：peoples(多个民族) youths(男青年) folks(亲友)。
II. 代词作主语时：
1. 不定代词"each, one, much, (a)little ,either, neither, another, the other(+单名)"常视为单数。它们所修饰的主语也视为单数。①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat.
②Neither plan suits me.
2. 下列复合不定代词一般用作单数：“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,everything ,nobody ,no ,one, nothing 等。e.g.
①Is everybody here
②There was nothing special then.
3. 下列不定代词作复数用：“（a）few ,many ,several， both”等。①Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us.
②Both / Both (of ) these are interesting.
4．下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数：
1）“what, which ,who ,whose ”等。e.g.
①What he said was not true.
②What he put forth were good suggestions.
2）all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),
①All (of the students ) are working hard.
②All (of the paint ) is fine.
3）half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of ) ①Half of the apples are bad .
②Half of the apple is bad .
Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时：
1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数
Ten times four makes forty.
2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体”看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。
①Twenty years is not a long time .
②Twenty years have passed since he left .
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are worth reading .②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday.
4. "a number of (许多)/ a variety of (各式各样) "+复数名词，常作复数用。e.g.
There are a variety of toys in this shop.
但是，“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词，作单数。e.g.
The variety of goods in this shop is rich .
Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时：
1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科，作单数。Mathematics seems easy to me.
但是，表“具体的学业、活动”等时，多用作复数。e.g.
Her mathematics are weak.（指“学业成绩、能力”）
2. “works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种，aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . ②Every means has (All means have) been tried .
这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等。
[提示]news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。
Ⅴ. "the + 形容词/分词"作主语时：
1. 指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用。.
The rich were talking to each other.
2.指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。
The agreeable is not always the useful.
Ⅵ.专用名词作主语时：
1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776.②The Arabian Nights is very interesting .
Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”作主语时：
1. 大多作单数用。 2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。
①What he says doesn't agree with what he does.
②What you say and think is /are no business of mine .
③What he bought was /were some books.
【就近一致原则（Proximity）】
也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
I.在正式文体中：
1.由："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" 连接的主语
①Neither she nor I am wrong . ②Not you but your father is to blame .③Not only you but(also) he is wrong .
④ Is neither she nor I wrong
【注意】就近一致原则的陈述句和疑问句使用的助动词有时不相同！试比较例①和例④
2. 在倒装句中：谓语与后面主语一致。e.g.
①Between the walls were pictures of magnificent scenery. .
复习练习
改错题（提示：只有2个句子是正确无误的）
The worker and writer have come.
Every boy and every girl enjoy equal rights here.
Many a fine man have died for it .
A year and a half have passed.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
This is one of the best novels that has appeared this year.
The family is early risers.
There were nothing special then.
What he put forth was good suggestions.
The police have caught the murderer.
Half of the apples is bad.
The rich was talking to each other.
Neither you nor I is wrong .
The variety of goods in this shop are rich.
A woman with two children have come.
Key：5和10正确。例题均取本讲义（限时完成，检验听课效果）
二、巩固练习
1．The league Secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting． A．is B．are C．has D．were
2．Each man and each woman ______ asked to attend． A．are B．is C．has D．were
3．Many a student ______ seen this painting．
A．has B．have C．is seen D．sees
4．Tom as well as two of his classmates ______ invited to the party． A．Was B．were C．has D．have
5．Half of the apples ______ good．
A．Is B．are C．was D．be
6．“All______ present and all______ going on well．”our monitor said．A.is , is B．are, are C．is, are D．are, is
7．Mary as well as her sisters______ Chinese in China．A．are studying B．have studied C．studies D．study
8．I, who__ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study．A．be B．am, C．are D．is
9．The rich______ not always happy．
A．are B．is C．has D．have
10．He is the only one of the students who______ elected．
A．are B．have C．has D．is
11．Chairman Mao’s works______ published．
A．has been B．have been C．was D．is
12．Ten thousand dollars______ more than I can afford．A．has been B．have been C．is D．ar
英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：1）语法一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。
【语法一致原则】
主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等作主语，V用单数。
①To serve the country is our duty .
③How and why he left was a sad story .
II. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：
1.V常用复数 。
①What he says and what he does do not agree.
②Both Tom and I are fond of medicine.
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。[比较：]The worker and the writer have come.
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。③Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真诚是最好的策略。
类似词还有：When and where, bread and butter/cheese, a knife and fork, a watch and chain, needle and thread, law and order, meat and potatoes ,trial and error, time and tide, the stars and stripes
3. “and”前、后的单数词语都“each, every ,many a ,no”等修饰时,V用单数：①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here. ②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .
Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：
1. a）“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语：“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语。e.g.①Many a fine man has died for it .
②A great many parents were present at the meeting .
b）"a / an + 单名+ or two " 接单数谓语： "one or two + 复名"接复数谓语。e.g.①Only a word or two is needed.
②One or two reasons were suggested .
c）"a / an + 单名+ and a half"接单数谓语；“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.①A year and a half has passed . ②One and a half tons of rice are sold .
d） "more than one + 单名"接单数谓语。"more + 复名+ than one "接复数谓语。"more than two (three,…)+复名 " 接复数谓语。①More than one person was absent.
②More students than one have been there .
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert.
2 、主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / meter /… )of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。
a）①There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left .②Large quantities of water are needed .
b）this kind of常视为单数用，these kinds总作复数用。
①This kind of apple is sweet.
③These kinds of apples are sweet.
【注意】但:Apples of this kind are sweet .V总用复数
3. 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与with等短语前的名词一致。
常考短语有：“with ,along with ,together with / as well as ,besides / but, except /added to , including / like, no less than , rather than , more than ”
①A woman with two children has come .
②I as well as they am ready to help you .
4. "one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句"：
1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year .（关系词“that”代“novels”）
②He was one of the boys who were praised .
2）若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。He was the only one of the boys who was praised .(who 代 the only one )
【意义一致原则（Notional Concord）】
I. 集合名词作主语时：
1. 常视为复数用的名词：people , police , cattle，folk, youth ：The police have caught the murderer.
2. 指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数的名词：army, audience, class, club, company, committee, crew, crowd，government, family, public, staff, group, party, union, couple, population, team
①Our family is a happy one .②The family are early risers .
[提示]有些集合名词变复数形式后意义不同。如：peoples(多个民族) youths(男青年) folks(亲友)。
II. 代词作主语时：
1. 不定代词"each, one, much, (a)little ,either, neither, another, the other(+单名)"常视为单数。它们所修饰的主语也视为单数。①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat.
②Neither plan suits me.
2. 下列复合不定代词一般用作单数：“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,everything ,nobody ,no ,one, nothing 等。e.g.
①Is everybody here
②There was nothing special then.
3. 下列不定代词作复数用：“（a）few ,many ,several， both”等。①Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us.
②Both / Both (of ) these are interesting.
4．下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数：
1）“what, which ,who ,whose ”等。e.g.
①What he said was not true.
②What he put forth were good suggestions.
2）all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),
①All (of the students ) are working hard.
②All (of the paint ) is fine.
3）half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of ) ①Half of the apples are bad .
②Half of the apple is bad .
Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时：
1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数
Ten times four makes forty.
2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体”看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。
①Twenty years is not a long time .
②Twenty years have passed since he left .
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are worth reading .②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday.
4. "a number of (许多)/ a variety of (各式各样) "+复数名词，常作复数用。e.g.
There are a variety of toys in this shop.
但是，“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词，作单数。e.g.
The variety of goods in this shop is rich .
Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时：
1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科，作单数。Mathematics seems easy to me.
但是，表“具体的学业、活动”等时，多用作复数。e.g.
Her mathematics are weak.（指“学业成绩、能力”）
2. “works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种，aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . ②Every means has (All means have) been tried .
这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等。
[提示]news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。
Ⅴ. "the + 形容词/分词"作主语时：
1. 指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用。.
The rich were talking to each other.
2.指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。
The agreeable is not always the useful.
Ⅵ.专用名词作主语时：
1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776.②The Arabian Nights is very interesting .
Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”作主语时：
1. 大多作单数用。 2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。
①What he says doesn't agree with what he does.
②What you say and think is /are no business of mine .
③What he bought was /were some books.
【就近一致原则（Proximity）】
也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
I.在正式文体中：
1.由："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" 连接的主语
①Neither she nor I am wrong . ②Not you but your father is to blame .③Not only you but(also) he is wrong .
④ Is neither she nor I wrong
【注意】就近一致原则的陈述句和疑问句使用的助动词有时不相同！试比较例①和例④
2. 在倒装句中：谓语与后面主语一致。e.g.
①Between the walls were pictures of magnificent scenery. .
复习练习
改错题（提示：只有2个句子是正确无误的）
The worker and writer have come.
Every boy and every girl enjoy equal rights here.
Many a fine man have died for it .
A year and a half have passed.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
This is one of the best novels that has appeared this year.
The family is early risers.
There were nothing special then.
What he put forth was good suggestions.
The police have caught the murderer.
Half of the apples is bad.
The rich was talking to each other.
Neither you nor I is wrong .
The variety of goods in this shop are rich.
A woman with two children have come.
Key：5和10正确。例题均取本讲义（限时完成，检验听课效果）
二、巩固练习
1．The league Secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting． A．is B．are C．has D．were
2．Each man and each woman ______ asked to attend． A．are B．is C．has D．were
3．Many a student ______ seen this painting．
A．has B．have C．is seen D．sees
4．Tom as well as two of his classmates ______ invited to the party． A．Was B．were C．has D．have
5．Half of the apples ______ good．
A．Is B．are C．was D．be
6．“All______ present and all______ going on well．”our monitor said．A.is , is B．are, are C．is, are D．are, is
7．Mary as well as her sisters______ Chinese in China．A．are studying B．have studied C．studies D．study
8．I, who__ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study．A．be B．am, C．are D．is
9．The rich______ not always happy．
A．are B．is C．has D．have
10．He is the only one of the students who______ elected．
A．are B．have C．has D．is
11．Chairman Mao’s works______ published．
A．has been B．have been C．was D．is
12．Ten thousand dollars______ more than I can afford．A．has been B．have been C．is D．ar