2023届英语高考考试说明解读及新题型(语法填空)做题技巧学案（无答案）

高考新课标卷英语科考试说明解读
&新题型考点分析及做题技巧
I. 关于考试要求的说明及应试技巧
一、语言知识
要求考生了解和掌握《普通高中英语课程标准（实验〉》附录中所列出的各项内容，包括语音项目、语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇。
二、语言运用
1. 听力
听力是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
应试技巧：
（1）理解主旨和要义
（2）获取事实性的具体信息
（3）对所听内容作出简单推断
（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度
2. 阅读理解
阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。
应试技巧：
（1）理解主旨和要义
（2）理解文中具体信息
（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义
（4）作出简单判断和推理
（5）理解文章的基本结构
(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度
3. 写作
写作是四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。
应试技巧：
(1) 准确使用语法和词汇
语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或问接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。
(2)使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思
任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型、词组等的支持，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。
II. 关于考试形式与试卷结构的说明
试卷题目数、计分和时间安排如下：
部分 节 题目数量 分 数 时间（分钟）
第一部分：听力 第一节 5 7.5 20
第二节 15 22.5
第二部分：阅读理解 阅读理解 15 30 35
七选五 5 10
第三部分：语言知识运用 完形填空 20 30 30
语法填空 10 15
第四部分：写作 短文改错 10 10 35
作文 1 25
总计 80+1 150 120
●最新应用考纲解读:取消单选新增语法填空题
今年英语高考大纲最重要的变化就是题型有重大调整，取消原来的15道单选题，新增10道语法填空题，分值不变总分仍为15分。
●高考英语语法填空题型分析及做题技巧
一. 语法填空的考查范围：
1．语境(上下文）；
2．语法： 动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。
二.语法填空的能力要求：
1.阅读/理解语篇的能力
2.分析句子结构的能力
3.熟练运用语法的能力
4.单词拼写能力
三.句子的类型：
简单句,并列句,复合句(转折/因果/联合/选择),名词性从句(形容词性从句/ 副词性从句/ 主语从句/宾语从句/表语从句/同位语从句),定语从句,状语从句(时间，地点/原因，目的/结果，条件/方式，让步)五种基本句型
四、考察内容：
一、考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。
例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they______ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.
例 2 The ______ why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
二、考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。
例3 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970's pollution control efforts…
三、考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，10个空有可能涉及到10个语法点，至少也得有7个语法点。笔者认为，即使对一些非常重要的语法项目，如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等，单独一项也可能是一空，至多两空，设三空的可能性是极小的。
四、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格.
例4 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ___________(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
例5 It would be ____________ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!
五、出题一般涉及到以下几个方面：
1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语；
2）冠词的用法；
3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词；
4派生词的用法；
5）动词的适当形式；
6）情态动词的用法；
7）定语从句、名词性从句的引导词等。
解答语法填空题的八条思路
根据语法知识进行填充
根据逻辑关系进行填充
根据语篇标志进行填充
语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however, but, by the way等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。
4.根据固定词组进行填充
熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulate…on…, devote…to…, earn one’s living, keep one’s word, make up one’s mind等，对解题很有帮助。
5. 根据句型搭配进行填,就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/such…that…, it is…(for sb.) to do sth., There is no doubt that…, there is no sense in doing sth.等来解题。
6. 根据词汇知识进行填充
指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接to do作宾语的动词，接to do作补语的动词，接do作补语的动词，接doing或done作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。
7. 根据生活常识进行填充
I crossed the street to avoid 1 (meet) him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use 2 (pretend) that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy 3 (meet) Nigel Dykes. He never has anything 4 do). No matter how busy you are, he always insists on 5 (come) with you.
【考点设置】
一、动词(谓语/非谓语)
给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。
1.… Ms Chen ______________(teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. （广州一模）
2… I was certain she would like it because I ______________ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. （广州一模）
3… The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,__________ (change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模)
4. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he __________ (break) his finger. （深二模）
5. The child, Nicole Hobson, ______________ (take) by her mother to Children's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check …（汕头二模）
6. A transit spokesman said the driver should______________ (make) radio call to the control center for help. （汕头二模）
二、代词
挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯。
1. …I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax ____________. （广州二模）
2. The little boy pulled ___________ right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. （深一模）
3. …the driver did _________to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.（汕头二模）
4．If you give your children … that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard _________as unfit or unable persons. （深圳罗湖）
5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of _________ were self-funded students,…（茂名二模）
三、定语从句的引导词．
必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断，从而补出引导词，这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力。
1.…The exam, _________ was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模)
2… Then I went to the department store _________I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. （广州一模）
3. It was a poem about me, ______ included the time …（深二模）
4. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students _______came back to China after study. （茂名二模）
5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study, _________ is supported by the Chinese government. （茂名二模）
四、连词(从属连词/并列连词)
A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；副词从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until …
1. The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says _________ children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.(四校联考)
2. I almost started to yell his name _____ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. （深二模）
3. _________children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.
4. Statistics show that _________China carried out the opening - up policy, a total of one million students have gone abroad for study. （茂名二模）
5．_________we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. （佛山一模）
6. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely _________ the danger lies.
B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and, but, or, though, although, so…
挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。
1．… I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered _________I finally found the solution. （广州二模）
2．… I asked my classmates about her interest _________ I made my final decision. （广州一模）
3.Tom, an 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _________sat at a table.（深一模）
4. It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework, _________with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home. （深圳罗湖）
五、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语
此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。
1．This, _________ , didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. (广州二模)
2. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise_________ . （深圳罗湖）
Keys: 1. however 2. instead
六、特殊句型（或固定短语）
考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。
1.It was not long____________the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.
2. _________was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG! （广州一模）
3. So careless was I _______ I had forgotten all about that. （深二模）
4.…"as a matter of _________ , you have done well and made great achievement…(惠州一模)
七、冠词
1．… But my mood quickly changed when I saw_____ first question. (广州二模)
2… Then I went to the department store … and bought her_________ expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. .(广州一模)
3. Tom, _________ 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. （深一模）
4．He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _____ good many other things. （深二模）
5. Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _____ comparatively cheap one.（东莞一模）
八、词形变化或者词性变化．
给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。
1… Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my_________ (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. 　(广州一模)
2. …_________ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes to complete the rest. 　(广州二模)
3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_________ (patience). （深一模）
4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said _________ (rude). （深一模）
5. I must know how to care for others and try not to _________ (understand) them. (惠州一模)
九、介词或数词
1. I was always told that the three Ps,…,were a sure path_______ success. (广州二模)
2. "Don't be always particular _________ your present work and income. (惠州一模)
3. It began to make sense to me that I could include praise along ______constructive criticism. （深二模）
4. There is no easy way to success _________language learning.
5. It was his ______ (nine ) year of school. （深二模）
十、形容词/副词
1. One of the _________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. （广州一模）
2. I put the paper aside and turned to the _____ one, at the top of which…（深二模）
3. Many other actors are _________ (badly)off than me at present,…(惠州一模)
4. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% _________ than the year before. （茂名二模）
●英语教师如何适应新课程改革
为了适应英语新课程改革需要，尽快提高学生的英语水平，达到新课标的要求，我们在新学年里应该努力做到以下几点：
一、复学习新课程标准理念，深刻领会英语课程的要求
二、关注学生的情感，营造宽松、民主、和谐的教学氛围
1、尊重每个学生，积极鼓励他们在学习中的尝试，保护他们的自尊心和积极性；
2、把英语教学与情感教育有机地结合起来，创设各种合作学习的活动，促使学生互相学习、互相帮助，体验集体荣誉感和成就感，发展合作精神；
3、特别关注性格内向或学习有困难的学生，尽可能多地为他们创造语言实践的机会；
4、建立融洽、民主的师生交流渠道，经常和学生一起反思学习过程和学习效果，互相鼓励和帮助，做到教学相长。
三、尽量采用"任务型"的教学途径，培养学生综合语言运用能力
四、加强对学生学习策略的指导，为他们终身学习奠定基础
1、积极创造条件，让学生参与制订阶段性学习目标以及实现目标的方法；
2、引导学生结合语境，采用推测、查阅或询问等方法进行学习；
3、设计探究式的学习活动，促进学生实践能力和创新思维的发展；
4、引导学生运用观察、发现、归纳和实践等方法，学习语言知识，感悟语言功能；
5、引导学生在学习过程中进行自我评价并根据需要调整自己的学习目标和学习策略。
五、组织生动活泼的课外活动，促进学生的英语学习
根据学生的年龄特点和兴趣爱好，积极开展各种课外活动有助于学生增长知识、开阔视野、发展智力和个性、展现才能，例如可以利用第二课堂的时间开展英语对话朗诵、唱歌、讲故事、演讲、表演等英语课外活动，培养他们的自主性和创新意识。