句子成分讲解课件

课件15张PPT。 句子成分*句子由各个组成部分构成,这些组成部分叫句子的成分。
总的来说，一个完整的句子包括以下两部分：句子subject grouppredicate group主语部分:发出动作的人或物谓语部分:动作/谓语动词例:我开门.I open the door.主语部分谓语部分例:这本书非常有趣。This book is very interesting.主语部分谓语部分句子1.主语2.谓语 3.宾语4.表语5.定语6.状语7.补语8.同位语*但是具体来分，一个句子可分为以下各种成分：1.主语（subject)：主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所陈述的主体，一般放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指动作的执行者。例:那个学生问了老师一些问题.The student asked the teacher some
questions.主语例:今天的天气非常好.The weather is very nice today.主语2.谓语（predicate)：谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。例:他工作非常努力.He works very hard.谓语例:今天的天气非常好.The weather is very nice today.谓语例:他在字典里查出了这个单词. He looked up the word in the dictionary.谓语3. 宾语（object)：宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词之后。例:老师把灯关了.The teacher turned off the lights.介宾例:他们将不会伤害我们.They won’t hurt us.动宾例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了. He gave up smoking last week.介宾宾语动宾介宾4. 表语：表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。连系动词例:我是一个老师.I am a teacher.表语例:这种水果尝起来味道很好. This kind of fruit tastes very delicious.表语1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were)3.感官动词(look, smell, hear, feel…)+表语2.get/become/turn例:那个女孩变得非常担心.The girl got worried. 表语5. 定语:(attribute)定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词，形容词通常作定语。他是一位天生的音乐家．He is a natural musician.这是一节生动有趣的课．This is a lively and interesting class.有一些难题要处理．There is something difficult to deal with.前置定语后置定语６. 状语:(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。１.表时间：yesterday, today, tomorrow… Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？2.表地点：in China, at the airport… I saw a student in the classroom.我在教室里看见一个学生．3.表原因: because, as, for, since…他因为生病所以今天没有去上学． Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.４.表结果：to+do, v+ing, 从句那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．The boy fell off the tree, striking his head
against the ground.5.表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力．In order to get into a better school, I must
study even harder .5.表条件: as/so long as, if, unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩．As long as you study hard, you can get a
high mark.6.表让步: in spite of, despite, although, though他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我．He helped me although he didn’t know me.7.表程度: very, enough, to some extent…那里的风景非常漂亮．The scenery there is very beautiful.8.表方式: like that, as, as if…不要那样看我．Don’t look at me like that!9.表伴随状况：老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书．The teacher came into the classroom,
catching a book in his hand.７. 补语:(complement)补语主语补足语：宾语补足语：补充说明主语的动作或状态补充说明宾语的动作或状态１．我又累又困，就去睡了。Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.2．我发现那本书很有趣。I found that book very interesting.主语补足语宾语补足语8. 同位语:(appositive)当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。我们有两个孩子，一男一女．We have two children, a boy and a girl.那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车．The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.Homework:
1.在这个大城市中，拥有一辆汽车是非常方便的。
(用动名词做主语:v+ing）
2.学习一门外语是一个大的挑战。
(用不定式做主语:to+do）
3.他在儿时就当上了国王。(使用连系动词become)
4.这就是我初次与她会面的地方。
5.这是世界上最高的一座塔。Having a car is very convenient in this big city.To learn a foreign language is a great challenge．He became a King when he was a child．This is where I first met her．This is the highest tower in the world．