福建省宁德市2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：语法填空（含答案）

福建省宁德市
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
语法填空
福建省宁德市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China announced on Sunday it would send its next spaceflight crew to the Tiangong space station in June ____36____ (follow)the successful return of the three astronauts of the Shenzhou ⅩⅢ mission on Saturday.
Before the ____37____ (man) mission, the Tianzhou 4 robotic cargo (货物) spaceship will lift off in May to transport ____38____(supply), experimental materials and fuel to the Tiangong station. In July, the space station’s first lab component—Wentian—will be launched ____39____ the second lab named Mengtian, will be sent to join with the station in October. Once they ____40____(connect) with the Tiangong, the station will become complete with ____41____ T-shaped structure. After the space labs, the Tianzhou 5 cargo craft and the Shenzhou ⅩⅤ crew are scheduled ____42____(arrive) at the massive orbiting outpost (前哨), the largest space-based basic system the nation has ever built.
After the Tiangong's completion around the end of this year, it will have three pillar sections—a core module linked ____43____ two large space labs, weighing around 70 tons. In the long term, the station will ____44____ (regular) be connected with a Shenzhou spacecraft and two Tianzhou cargo ships. By now, Tianzhou 4 and its carrier ____45____(reach) the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province and are undergoing final tests.
福建省宁德市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Plastic has polluted the countryside and been ____36____ threat to wildlife for decades. In the last century or so, environmentalists have urged us ____37____ (cut) the amount of plastic we use or recycle the plastic bags. However, with only less than 14 percent of the total amount recycled, people are still struggling with plastic pollution globally.
There may be a solution. Recently scientists have made a biodegradable (可降解的) plastic, ____38____ means the billions of plastic bags, cups, straws, etc. that we throw away each day could be recycled. ____39____ (compare) with ordinary plastics, they could break down as ____40____ (natural) as organic waste. They could do it within a few weeks, ____41____ (use) just heat and water. The new, biodegradable plastic has polyester-eating enzymes (酶) inside it. When these enzymes are exposed ____42____ heat and water, they eat away at the plastic and turn it into “food” for the soil. Professor Ting Xu said up to 98 per cent of the plastic her team made reduced into tiny pieces. She said: “The study gives us a ____43____ (believe) that this continuing problem of single-use plastics can ____44____ (solve) in the near future.” She added: “Look at all the wasted stuff we throw away—clothing, shoes, electronics....We are taking things from the earth at a ____45____ (fast) rate than we can return them.”
福建省宁德市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第二节(共10小题:每小题15分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you enjoy food, culture, entertainment, and shopping You could be delighted at 58 (visit) Chinatown in Manhattan New York. New York's Chinatown is 59 (convenient) located right next to Little Italy on Manhattan Island, 60 is one of the largest surviving ethnic Chinese communities outside of Asia. There are a number of 61 (landmark) in Chinatown that tourists or locals can go to see when weather permits. Chinatown, along with Little Italy in New York, 62 (list) in a historic district on the National Register of Historical Places in 2010.
If you want to try delicious food, Chinatown might be the 63 (good) place to go. Not only do they serve a special plate of Garbage Fish, but they also can take out dishes that you have no idea 64 is in them but pleasing to your taste buds nevertheless.
If you enjoy history, you will find that New York's Chinatown is rich 65 history, culture, and civilization. It has fun for all ages. Whether you're in Chinatown for 66 . (relax) and entertainment, or to stop 67 (grab) a bite to eat, there is always something exciting going on that might grab your attention.
答案：
福建省宁德市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】36. following
37. manned 38. supplies
39. while##and
40. are connected 41. a
42. to arrive
43. with##to
44. regularly
45. have reached
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国将于6月将把下一批航天人员送往天宫空间站执行新的任务，以及为这次任务做的前期准备工作。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国周日宣布，继周六神舟13任务的三名宇航员成功返回后，中国将于6月将其下一批航天人员送往天宫空间站。设空处为非谓语动词，follow的逻辑主语为前面的“send its next spaceflight crew to the Tiangong space station in June”这个任务，它们之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填following。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在载人任务之前，天舟4号机器人货运飞船将于5月升空，向天宫站运送物资、实验材料和燃料。根据空格前后的单词，设空处应用形容词，修饰名词mission，man的形容词为manned，意为“载人的”，作定语。故填manned。
【38题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在载人任务之前，天舟4号机器人货运飞船将于5月升空，向天宫站运送物资、实验材料和燃料。设空处在动词transport 之后，根据句意，运送的物资为宇航员未来要用的“补给，补给品”，应用名词复数，故填supplies。
【39题详解】
考查连词。句意：今年7月，空间站的第一个实验室部件“问天”将发射升空，（而）第二个实验室“梦天”将于10月与空间站对接。空格前后分别是两个简单句，应用并列连词while，意为“而”，表前后情况的对比。或者表示并列关系，连词为and。故填while/and。
【40题详解】
考查时态。句意：一旦它们与天宫对接，天宫站将成为一个完整的T型结构。根据上一句“In July, the space station's first lab component-Wentian will be launched 　　4　　　 the second lab named Mengtian, will be sent to join with the station in October.”可知，“问天”和“梦天”将于10月与空间站对接，动作发生在将来，设空处在once引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，应用一般现在时态表将来；complete与逻辑主语they之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语they，故动词为are。故填are connected。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：一旦它们与天宫对接，天宫站将成为一个完整的T型结构。空格后为 T-shaped structure，设空处应用不定冠词，表泛指，T-shaped为辅音音素开头，故填a。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在太空实验室之后，天舟5号货运飞船和神舟15号乘员将按计划抵达巨大的轨道前哨，这是中国迄今为止建造的最大的空间基础设施。此处考查动词短语be scheduled to do sth，意为“计划做，预定做某事”，设空处应用动词不定式，作补语。故填to arrive。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：“天宫”将于今年年底前后建成，它将有三个支柱部分——一个核心舱与两个大型空间实验室相连，重约70吨。此处考查动词短语be linked with/to，意为“与……相连”，设空处应填介词with/to。故填with/to。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：从长远来看，空间站将定期与一艘神舟飞船和两艘天舟货运飞船对接。根据句子结构，设空处修饰谓语动词be connected with，应用副词，regular的副词为regularly，意为“定期地”，作状语。故填regularly。
【45题详解】
考查时态。句意：目前，天舟四号及其运载火箭已经抵达海南省文昌航天发射中心，并正在进行最后的测试。设空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语By now可知，句子应用现在完成时态；主语为Tianzhou 4 and its carrier，为复数，助动词应用have。故填have reached。
福建省宁德市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】36. a 37. to cut
38. which pared
40. naturally
41. using 42. to
43. belief 44. be solved
45. faster
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过引入塑料污染带来的危害，进而谈到解决塑料污染的解决方法。
【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：塑料污染了乡村，几十年来对野生动物一直是一个威胁。threat“威胁”为可数名词，此处泛指“一个威胁”，threat以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.考查动词不定式。句意：在上个世纪左右，环保主义者敦促我们减少塑料的使用量，或者回收塑料袋。短语：urge sb. to do.，意为“敦促某人做某事”，结合设空前urge，所以此处填动词不定式。故填to cut。
3.考查定语从句。句意：最近，科学家们发明了一种生物可分解塑胶，这意味着我们每天扔掉的数十亿塑料袋、杯子、吸管等都可以回收利用。分析句子可知，设空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，设空处在句中作主语，指代整个主句，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
4.考查过去分词。句意：与普通塑料相比，它们可以像有机废物一样自然分解。分析可知，本句已有谓语could break down且无连词，动词compare用非谓语形式，句子主语they与动词compare为动宾关系，所以空白处要用过去分词作状语，因处于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填Compared。
5.考查副词。句意：与普通塑料相比，它们可以像有机废物一样自然分解。短语：break down“分解”为动词短语，分析可知，空白处在句中修饰break down，所以要用副词naturally。故填naturally。
6.考查现在分词。句意：它们可以在几周内完成，只需要热量和水。分析可知，本句已有谓语could do且无连词，动词use用非谓语形式，句子主语they与use为主谓关系，所以设空处用现在分词作状语。故填using。
7.考查介词。句意：当这些酶暴露在热量和水中时，它们会吃掉塑料，把塑料变成土壤的“食物”。短语：be exposed to sth.，意为“某物被暴露于某物”，根据设空前are exposed可知，所以此处用介词to。故填to。
8.考查名词。句意：她说：“这项研究使我们相信，这个持续存在的一次性塑料问题可以在不久的将来得到解决。”根据设空前不定冠词a可知，空白处要用单数可数名词作宾语。belief“信念，信仰”为可数名词。故填belief。
9.考查语态。句意：她说：“这项研究使我们相信，这个持续存在的一次性塑料问题可以在不久的将来得到解决。”分析可知，设空处在同位语从句中作谓语，从句主语 this continuing problem of single-use plastics与从句谓语动词solve为动宾关系，所以此处要用被动语态。根据设空前情态动词can，从句谓语用can be done形式。故填be solved。
10.考查比较级。句意：她补充说：“看看我们扔掉的所有废弃物，衣服，鞋子，电子产品等，我们从地球上拿走的东西比我们返回给它的要快。”根据设空后的比较级的标志than可知，设空处要用形容词比较级faster作定语，修饰名词rate。故填faster。
福建省宁德市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
58. visiting 59. conveniently 60. which 61. landmarks 62.was listed
63. best 64. what 65. in 66. relaxation 67. to grab