福建省三明市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
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福建省三明市
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
福建省三明市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
World Book Day is an annual event organized by the UNESCO to promote reading, publishing and copyright. As this year's day for knowledge is coming, let's take a look at the world's fascinating libraries and enjoy the fun of reading.
Library of Alexandria
The Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Egypt, is one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. The library, destroyed in 415AD and rebuilt in 2002, is not only a library, but also a museum and scientific research institution. It's also called the Egyptian cultural center and a lighthouse of thought, culture and science.
Mazarin Library
Mazarin Library is located within the Institute of France, on the left bank of Seine in Paris. Created in the 17th century, it has one of the richest collections of rare books and documents in modem France, and is the oldest public library in the country.
National Library of Indonesia
The Indonesian National Library, located in Jakarta, Indonesia, has the most complete collection of publications in the country, recording the information of Indonesia in various times. Documents written on leaves, bark, bamboo and Indonesian native paper are some of the rare items kept in the collection.
Stuttgart City Library
Stuttgart City Library is a cube outside with a hollow design inside. The hollow part is connected with misplaced stairs to create a unique sense of space. Since its completion in 2011, it has become a local cultural and architectural card.
21. What's special about Library of Alexandria
A. It was built in 2002. B. It holds the largest books.
C. It offers multiple functions. D. It has an Egyptian lighthouse.
22. What do Mazarin Library and National Library of Indonesia have in common
A. Oldest publications. B. Rare documents. C. Richest leaves. D. Valuable books.
23. Which library most attracts those who are interested in architecture
A. Library of Alexandria. B. Mazarin Library.
C. National Library of Indonesia. D. Stuttgart City Library.
B
I am not a typical graduate student. As an engineer, I have designed electronic control systems for more than 30 years, and I had expected to do so until I retired.
My wife is a scientist at the Australian National University (ANU). One year, I accompanied her to a scientific conference. Jochen Zeil, a professor at the ANU who studies animal behavior, captured my interest.
At lunchtime, Zeil and I had a long and very enjoyable discussion about his idea on the fundamentals of insect vision. When we parted, I joked that if he wanted another PhD student, he could count me in. About a month later he emailed me, “Haven't heard from you. Have you enrolled yet " And that's how, at the age of 53, I became a part-time doctoral student in biology at the ANU
My background in biology was decades ago, so I needed to learn the basics fast. Diving into textbooks, I went through an intense "undergraduate course” in my spare time. After a while, I managed to follow the papers I read. But the more I learnt, the more I realized how little I knew. Every paper aroused my interest to read more. It was tiring, and at times frustrating, but fun. I read, and read, and thought, and suddenly things fell into place. Still, being a part-time graduate student wasn't easy. I forgot the meaning of "spare time" for a while. Now, at the age of 61, my PhD is nearly at an end in itself.
New knowledge enriches you, regardless of how old you are. If you have the opportunity to dive into a new field, just take it.
24. What motivated the author to study biology at the ANU
A. His passion for engineering. B. His curiosity about Zeil's idea.
C. His wife's suggestion. D. His job's requirement.
25. How did Zeil react to the author's joke about being a PhD student
A. He laughed at him. B. He ignored his words.
C. He felt satisfied. D. He took it seriously.
26. Which of the following best describes the author's life at the ANU
A. Exhausting but enjoyable. B. Frustrating and worthless.
C. Tiring but promising. D. Happy and relaxing.
27. Which proverb can be the best summary of the text
A. Never too old to learn. B. Every minute counts.
C. Practice makes perfect. D. Experience must be bought.
C
Robots have always imitated（模仿）life. Social androids powered by artificial intelligence have now reached a level where they may be ready to work in shops, airports, and care homes. But an entirely new class of robots is being developed that can grow, evolve, and even reproduce.
Growth is a new frontier in robotics. Stanford University's root robot is a plastic tubular（管状的）robot that grows by unfolding from the inside as air is pumped into it. The soft body can move over rough or sticky surfaces, grow to 100 times its original length, and squeeze through gaps one-quarter of its size. Root robots can twist and turn in any direction to move through tight spaces. Its designers say the robot could be used to detect people and deliver equipment inside collapsed buildings.
Reproduction and evolution were actually used in an earlier experiment in 2015. European scientists built a computerized "mother" robotic: arm that assembled smaller robots. Each generation that the system built became progressively better at moving. Baby robots were glued together by the mother robot in different ways, so they could move further than the generation before.
It was a major milestone in robot learning and was used as inspiration for robotic evolution projects at the UK York Robotics Laboratory. Robot bodies there are 3D printed and then fitted, using a computerized arm, with sensors and other components. Designs are tested in a mock-up（实物模型）of a nuclear reactor, where robots must clear radioactive waste. Each robot is scored on its success at the task, and the computer then chooses which robots are allowed to reproduce. What form that robot life takes depends entirely on its success.
Researchers say their system could operate entirely by itself. But future evolutionary robot systems would likely need a kill switch to stop the system from running out of control and harming humans or the environment.
28. What is the feature of the root robot
A. Flexible. B. Rough. C. Sticky. D. Tight.
29. Which robots are entitled to reproduction
A. The ones clearing waste.
B. The ones printed by a computer.
C. The ones fitted with sensors.
D. The ones performing well at the task.
30. Why is a kill switch needed for future evolutionary robot systems
A. For test. B. For environment. C. For safety. D. For replacement.
31. What is probably the best title for the text
A. Future Androids Change Human's Life
B. Robots Reproduce to Meet Human's Demand
C. New Androids are Widely Used in Different Areas
D. Robots Imitate Life to Create Better Versions of Themselves
D
Climate change and habitat loss from big agriculture are combing to decrease global insect Populations, with each problem making the other worse, a new study finds.
While insects may bother people at times, they also are key in pollinating（授花粉）plants to feed people, making soil more fertile. Scientists have noticed a dramatic drop both in total insect numbers and diversity of insect species due to harmful chemicals and light pollution.
Big single-crop agriculture that leaves less habitat and leafy food for insects plus higher temperatures from climate change are huge problems for insect number drop, but a new study in the journal Nature based on more than 750, 000 samples of 18, 000 different species of insects says it's not just those two threats acting on their own. The interaction between habitat loss and climate change does smash insect populations.
“In this case, the habitat loss and climate change can often be worse than if they were acting on their own, as one can make the impact of the other worse and vice versa（反之亦 然）. We're missing part of the picture if we are only looking at these things individually, " said Outhwaite, an ecologist at University College London. For example, single-crop agriculture often reduces tree shading, making it hotter in a given spot. On top of that comes climate change. Then insects that need heat relief or need to move north for cooler climates can run into problems with lack of proper habitat because of large farms.
What makes this study important is that it's the first to link climate change and industrialized agriculture together in explaining harm to insects. The study used so many different samples and species around the world, which gives its findings more credibility.
32. What contributes to the drop in insect numbers
A. Leafy plants and fertile soil. B. Less pollinated plants.
C. Habitat loss and climate change. D. Diverse chemicals.
33. What does the underlined word "smash" mean in the text
A. Soar. B. Decrease. C. Damage. D. Increase.
34. Why does the author mention “single-crop agriculture” in paragraph 4
A. To offer a comparison. B. To explain a theory.
C. To draw a conclusion. D. To make a prediction.
35. What does the author want to stress about his study in the last paragraph
A. Its complex data. B. Its strict process.
C. Its special value. D. Its new application.
福建省三明市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Four Underwater Cities You Must Visit
Dwarka - India
Dwarka is located 70 feet under the sea near the inhabited island of Bet Dwarka. It was built sometime between 9000 and 12,000 years ago and those fortunate enough to visit can witness a diverse variety of buildings in addition to a seaport and protective walls made of sandstone. Furthermore, large stone anchors indicate that overseas trade took place in Dwarka during the Age of Antiquity all the way through medieval times.
Pavlopetri - Greece
Pavlopetri was founded around 5000 years ago, making it one of the oldest underwater lost cities in the world. Since it was rediscovered in 1967, archeologists and tourists alike have been fascinated by the well-preserved handicrafts. What makes Pavlopetri stick out is that it has a nearly - complete town plan, including at least 15 buildings. There is also evidence that it was once a major producer of textiles, with some of the equipment still complete!
Antirhodos - Egypt
This ancient underwater island was rediscovered in 1996 near the Alexandria harbor. In addition to being the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Ancient Wonders of the World that had been presumed (推测) lost forever, explorers can find a marble-floored 3rd century B. C. palace. The best thing is that the island is only a few meters under the water, which makes it easy to explore even for new divers!
Atlit - Yam - Israel
This underwater site was discovered in 1984 off the coast of Atlit near Haifa, and is estimated to have been settled between 6900 and 6300 B. C. This location offers the clearest evidence of where humans made the transition (过渡) from hunter-gatherers to settled farmers. Dive insurance is required, so make sure you are covered when you plan your trip.
1. In which place can visitors admire handicrafts
A. Dwarka B. Pavlopetri
C. Antithodos. D. Atlit - Yam
2. What can we learn about Antirhodos
A. It has various ancient buildings B. It has a completely preserved town
C. It is easily accessible to divers D. It is where ancient hunters gathered
3. What do visitors need to do before visiting Atlit - Yam
A. Take a map and a compass B. Book the trip online
C. Learn about the history of farming D. Buy dive insurance
B
“Tina there's a school talent show in three weeks,” I shouted to my best friend. My older brother had been teaching me juggling (杂耍) and I knew he'd help me with my act for the show. Tina Tan over to the bulletin board and read the poster. “Mary, what's our act going to be ” Tina asked me. “Our act ” I said, clenching my fist instinctively Tina grinned, pointed to the poster and said. “It says acts can be individuals, partners or small groups.” I hesitated for a second before continuing, “I've got an idea and...” Tina interrupted me and said.” Yeah, me too; let's talk at lunch.”
During the math lesson, I tried to think of how I would tell Tina that I wanted to do my own act. After all, we are best friends; we should be able to see eye to eye about this. The problem is Tina always takes charge, I don't speak up and then I end up feeling resentful about the whole situation. At lunch, Tina started talking as soon we sat down. “I have it all planned out. We can sing along to a song and do a dance routine, and my mother can make us costumes.” I didn't get a chance to voice my plan.
At break, I ran around the track a couple of times just to let off steam. When my grandmother picked me up after school, she drove a few minutes and finally said, “Cat got your tongue ” I explained about the talent show. She said I wasn't respectful of my own ideas and I should be accountable for my own actions.
When we got home, I took 12 deep breaths, called Tina and told her that I was going to do my juggling act. I spent all night worrying she would be mad at me.
The next day; she described her act and her costume. But the biggest surprise came at break, when we played a game that I chose, not Tina. I guess standing up for myself did pay off.
4. What can we infer from paragraph1
A. Tina knew what the author meant to do
B. The author wanted to do an act all by herself
C. The talent show would last for three weeks
D. Students could act individually or in group
5. What kind of girl is Tina according to paragraph 2
A. Self - centered B. Considerate
C. Warm - hearted D. Devoted
6. How did the author feel when she called Tina
A. Excited B. Satisfied
C. Determined D. Nervous
7. What can be the best title for the story
A. Speak your Mind B. Sharing is Caring
C. Win the Show on your Own D. A Friend in Need is a Friend in Deed
C
Sneezing is one of the many wonders of the human body and one of our protective reflexes (反射动作). When something stimulates the inside of our nose - such as dust or pollen - the tiny nerve endings inside our nose send a message to our brain that in turn sends out messages to many parts of our body to release the sneeze.
Sometimes you feel the urge to sneeze when you're in a meeting or during the quiet part of a play or concert. You might do your best to stifle the reflex so you don't sneeze. But it's better to interrupt your coworkers and seatmates than risk health consequences, say researchers.
According to a case described in the journal BMJ Case Reports, a 34 - year - old in Leicester in the U. K. ended up hurting his throat while trying to hold in a forceful sneeze. The man said he felt a “popping” sensation in his neck after pinching (捏) his nose and holding his mouth closed to stop a sneeze. The pressure didn't have anywhere to go, so it tore the soft tissue. The man had to be fed by a tube after the incident and eventually made a full recovery.
I know all sorts of sneezers, quiet ones and loud ones. Each person is different. As Dr. Mitchell Grayson, a professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, explains, “Some people have bouts (一阵) of sneezing. It's a neurologic reflex, and it depends on the person. Some people may have 10 to 20 sneezes in a row.” It usually depends on the level of irritation in your nose, because you'll keep sneezing until you get it out.
The saying that your eyes will pop out of your head if you sneeze with them open is false. Our eyes shutting tight when we sneeze is simply a reflex, much like our leg going up when our knee is tapped. It doesn't really have a good reason 一 it just happens.
8. What does the underlined word “stifle” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Stop B. Relax
C. Strengthen D. Change
9. What is the purpose of the third paragraph
A. To introduce a new topic B. To support the second paragraph
C. To summarize previous paragraphs D. To highlight the main idea of the text
10. What affects a person's continuous sneezing
A. The personal habits B. The emotional state
C. The health condition D. The stimulation level
11. People shut their eyes while sneezing because ________.
A. the pressure has nowhere to go B. they don't want to hurt their throat
C. their eyes may pop out D. a protective reflex happens
D
The vision of a completely blind man has been partially restored using light - sensing proteins first found in algae (藻). He was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa 40 years ago. When he was treated with optogenetics (光遗传学), which uses light to control precisely the activity of brain cells, the ability of one of his eyes to detect light was restored.
The first step in the treatment was gene therapy (治疗). The genetic instructions for making the light - sensing proteins were taken from algae and given to cells in the deep surviving layers of the retina at the back of his eye. Now when they were hit with light they would send an electrical signal to the brain. However, they would respond only to amber light, so the patient wore a pair of goggles (protective glasses) with a video camera on the front and a projector on the back, to capture what was happening in the real world and project a version in the right wavelength onto the back of the eye. It took months for high enough levels of the rhodopsins to build up in the eye and for the brain essentially to learn a new language to be able to see again.
The man first knew it was working when he realized he could see the painted stripes of a crossing. He can now grab and count objects on a table, Nature Medicine reports. Dr Jose - Alain Sahel, from the Institute of Vision, in Paris, said: "This patient initially was a bit frustrated because it took a long time between the injection and the time he started to see something. But when he started to report he was able to see the white lines to come across the street you can imagine he was very excited. We were all excited.”
Prof Botond Roska, from the University of Basel, said: “The findings provide proof - of - concept that using optogenetic therapy to partially restore vision is possible.”
12. What's the text mainly about
A. Special proteins found in algae B. A man suffering from vision problem
C. A study related to light and brain cells D. A therapy to bring back vision partially
13. What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Instructions B. Cells
C. Proteins D. Layers
14. When did the man realize the treatment worked
A. When he wore a pair of goggles
B. When he could seize objects and count them
C. When he had the injection
D. When he saw the white lines of a crossing
15. What's Prof Roska's attitude towards opotogenetic therapy
A. Optimistic B. Doubtful
C. Unconcerned D. Negative
福建省三明市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Sometimes big ideas come in tiny packages. That’s true for Bryan Ware, the founder of the nonprofit organization The Crayon Initiative, which recycles the crayons children use at restaurants to give to children in need.
Ware, who has a background in producing and packaging, went out to dinner with his family one night when he took notice of a box of crayons on the table. The restaurant provided them and his boys used them to color on the paper tablecloth. There was nothing unusual about either of the two things. But Ware thought something more. Ware knew that most of the crayons at restaurants would be thrown away after their first use because people worried that germs on them might cause disease. While the wax of a crayon is easy to clean and doesn’t hold many germs, the wrapping paper is a different story.
So now Ware is trying to improve the situation. After speaking with a friend who works as a child life specialist at the University of San Francisco Medical Center, Ware decides to work with hospitals in the area to bring the crayons to their young patients. We know that child life specialists help sick children deal with the uncertainty of their conditions. They hold a child’s hand during medical treatment or provide food and clothing for his or her family members.
So far, The Crayon Initiative has donated over 20,000 packs of crayons to 38 hospitals in 17 states, but it’s the positive influence, not the number, that matters to Ware. Ware recently received a photo from a family whose daughter had unfortunately passed away. It was a picture of a plastic pencil box, and it was what the girl carried with her through her stay in hospital. Wherever she had to go, this was her little box of stuff to keep her happy. These kinds of stories make the effort all worthwhile for Ware.
1. What can we infer from paragraph 2
A. Ware didn’t think restaurants should provide crayons.
B. Used crayons with wrapping paper hold fewer germs.
C. Restaurants usually provide crayons for kids free of charge.
D. Ware’s idea about his organization came to him by accident.
2. What do we know about child life specialists from the passage
A. They help doctors look for cures for diseases.
B. They provide food and education for young patients.
C. They bring comfort to kids fighting against illness.
D. They need money to help poor kids pay hospital bills.
3. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. Ways of Achieving a Big Dream
B. Recycling Crayons for a Good Cause
C. A Successful Man and His Magical Crayons
D. Solutions to the Problem of Crayon Pollution
B
China has taken new measures to boost new-energy vehicle (NEV) and home appliance consumption. On June 6, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Ecological Environment and the Ministry of Commerce jointly released a guideline. It aims to upgrade the country’s consumption and form a strong domestic market in 2020.
According to the guideline, the cost of NEV production will be largely lowered and the research of a new generation of NEV batteries will be accelerated. Local governments are strictly banned from imposing any limit on the consumption and use of NEVs. Places where the limits exist should call them off. The guideline also encourages local governments to subsidize (补贴) the purchase of first NEVs of car-free families and reduce parking fees for NEVs. In this way, the move would help meet the demand for millions of vehicles in cities across the country, analysts say.
Amid the flat market in China’s auto industry, “methods to boost consumption in the auto market are still being rolled out in first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai,” said Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of the China Passenger Car Association.
Some netizens held that the measures could be difficult to carry out in metropolises due to traffic pressure. Cui responded that “the traffic problems could be eased by upgrading the traffic management systems.” Cities like Beijing and Shanghai should address traffic problems in different areas based on their different levels of congestion (堵塞) through corresponding driving restrictions. The restrictions on NEVs could also be eased in some far-reaching areas in the cities, he explained.
China saw strong and healthy sales growth of NEVs in the first four months this year with 360, 000 NEVs sold, jumping by 59.8 percent from the same period a year earlier. The market could see a new round of increases under the efforts, according to industry experts.
4. Where can we most probably read the passage
A. In a newspaper. B. In a car magazine.
C. In a guideline book. D. In an advertisement.
5. Why did they release the guideline
A. To increase home consumption.
B. To boost overseas consumption.
C. To occupy a powerful overseas market.
D. To build up a powerful market home and abroad.
6. Which measure is proper to boost consumption of NEVs
A. No parking fees are allowed for NEVs.
B. The research of new NEV batteries will be sped up.
C. Families can be subsidized when buying their first NEVs.
D. Local governments have no right to monitor the use of NEVs.
7. What does Cui Dongshu think of the measures
A. Useless. B. Successful. C. Practical. D. Creative.
C
Scientists say they have used artificial intelligence (AI) to create music to represent the protein structure of the novel coronavirus.
Researchers used machine-learning methods to make the music, which may help them better understand the virus. The research team assigned musical notes to amino acids (氨基酸) that make up the so-called “spiked(刺突)” protein that infects human cells. Machine learning was then used to turn the protein and structural information into a nearly two-hour piece of classical music.
Markus Buehler of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) led the research team. Buehler told the Reuters news agency that turning the protein data into music let people gain a better understanding of something they cannot see. “You would need many different images, many different magnifications (放大) to see with your eyes, while your ears can pick up with just a couple of seconds of music,” he said.
The finished selection was uploaded to the music sharing website SoundCloud. Listeners of the early part of the piece described it with words such as “beautiful”, “interesting”, “calm” and “nature”. Buehler said this part of the music represents the ease at which the spiked protein enters the human cell, making the coronavirus highly infectious. He noted that the virus is very good at “tricking the cell to open the doors” to infect someone. As the virus then reproduces and the spiked protein attaches to more cells, the music becomes louder, faster and more intense. One SoundCloud user noted that this part could represent one of the first signs of the virus in humans, a high body temperature. Others described the more intense part of the music as “scary” and “sad”.
The researchers say a possible next step could be to use the musical method to design an antibody to attack the virus.
8. What does the underlined word “tricking” mean in paragraph 4
A. Cheating. B. Forcing. C. Stopping. D. Helping.
9. How did Sound Cloud users feel about the second part of the music
A. Happy. B. Encouraged. C. Disappointed. D. Upset.
10. What can we learn from the passage
A. Researchers composed the music on their own.
B. Music may improve our understanding of the virus.
C. Musical method has been applied to attack the virus.
D. SoundCloud users had the same reaction to the whole music.
答案：
福建省三明市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
21-23 CBD 24-27 BDAA 28-31 ADCD 32-35 CBBC
福建省三明市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. D
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A
福建省三明市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在一次偶然机会中，布莱恩·韦尔想出了一个点子，将蜡笔收集处理后送给有需要的孩子的公益故事。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。文中第二段讲述了韦尔一次到饭店就餐的故事，他看到了很多被废弃，当做垃圾处理的蜡笔，只用过一次，之后“But Ware thought something more.”（但韦尔想得更多），下文就具体讲述了他的想法，故可以推断出他建立这一公益组织的点子是在偶然之间萌生的，D正确；此外，文中没有提到韦尔认为饭店不应该提供蜡笔，也未提及饭店对这些蜡笔是收费还是当作赠品，A、C于文无据，B则曲解文意，第二段提到“While the wax of a crayon is easy to clean and doesn’t hold many germs, the wrapping paper is a different story.”，这是说用过的蜡笔也不会滋生很多的细菌，而不是用过的蜡笔细菌更少，综上应选D。
2题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文第三段“We know that child life specialists help sick children deal with the uncertainty of their conditions. They hold a child’s hand during medical treatment or provide food and clothing for his or her family members.”可知他们帮助这些生病的孩子对付（度过）这种疾病状态下的各种不确定性，在他们接受治疗的时候拉住他们的手（在心灵上照顾他们，拉一把），或者是为生病的孩子和家人提供食物和衣服（但没有提供教育），故C选项“在他们与病魔作斗争之时，给他们提供心灵上的慰藉”正确，故选C。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。全文讲述了一个暖心的公益故事，其中首段总领全文，根据其内容概括“Sometimes big ideas come in tiny packages. That’s true for Bryan Ware, the founder of the nonprofit organization The Crayon Initiative, which recycles the crayons children use at restaurants to give to children in need.”可知，本文的中心内容是围绕“回收餐厅的蜡笔，给有需要的儿童用”这一公益活动展开的，故B选项“回收蜡笔，物尽其用”符合原文，此外，全文与实现巨大梦想的途径、人生成功以及蜡笔污染等主题无关，综上应选B。
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国正采取新措施来促进新能源汽车和家电消费。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“China has taken new measures to boost new-energy vehicle (NEV) and home appliance consumption.”可知，本文主要介绍的是中国正采取新措施来促进新能源汽车和家电消费，这属于新闻范畴，因此文章最有可能出自报纸的新闻版块，故A项正确。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“On June 6, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Ecological Environment and the Ministry of Commerce jointly released a guideline. It aims to upgrade the country’s consumption and form a strong domestic market in 2020.”可知，6月6日，国家发改委、生态环境部、商务部联合发布指导意见，目标是在2020年提升中国的消费水平，形成强大的国内市场（增加国内消费），故A项正确。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to the guideline, the cost of NEV production will be largely lowered and the research of a new generation of NEV batteries will be accelerated.”可知，根据该指导方针，将大大降低新能源汽车的生产成本，加快新一代新能源汽车电池的研究，故B项正确。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Amid the flat market in China’s auto industry, “methods to boost consumption in the auto market are still being rolled out in first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai,” said Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of the China Passenger Car Association.”（中国乘用车协会秘书长崔东树表示，在中国汽车行业市场低迷的情况下，北京、上海等一线城市仍在推广刺激汽车市场消费的措施）可知，他认为新措施是实用的，故C项正确。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了科学家们已经使用人工智能来通过将新冠病毒蛋白质结构和信息转化为音乐的方法来更好地理解这种病毒。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段的this part of the music represents the ease at which the spiked protein enters the human cell, making the coronavirus highly infectious.可知，音乐的这一部分代表了被钉住的蛋白质很容易进入人体细胞，使冠状病毒具有高度传染性。又因As the virus then reproduces and the spiked protein attaches to more cells.可知，随着病毒繁殖，加了毒的蛋白质附着在更多的细胞上。所以可推断，tricking与之呼应，意为这种病毒会诱导，欺骗细胞打开门。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章SoundCloud user noted that this part could represent one of the first signs of the virus in humans, a high body temperature. Others described the more intense part of the music as “scary” and “sad”.可知，SoundCloud用户指出，这一部分可能是人类感染病毒的最初征兆之一，即体温过高。有人把音乐中更强烈的部分形容为“恐怖”和“悲伤”。所以SoundCloud用户感觉第二部分的音乐比较悲伤符合题意，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段turning the protein data into music let people gain a better understanding of something they cannot see.可知，把蛋白质数据转化成音乐可以让人们更好地理解他们看不见的东西。又因You would need many different images, many different magnifications (放大) to see with your eyes, while your ears can pick up with just a couple of seconds of music.可知，你需要许多不同的图像，不同的放大倍数（放大倍数）才能用眼睛看到，而你的耳朵只需要几秒钟的音乐就可以听得见。因此可以推断出，音乐可以提高我们对病毒的了解。故选B。
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
福建省三明市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
World Book Day is an annual event organized by the UNESCO to promote reading, publishing and copyright. As this year's day for knowledge is coming, let's take a look at the world's fascinating libraries and enjoy the fun of reading.
Library of Alexandria
The Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Egypt, is one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. The library, destroyed in 415AD and rebuilt in 2002, is not only a library, but also a museum and scientific research institution. It's also called the Egyptian cultural center and a lighthouse of thought, culture and science.
Mazarin Library
Mazarin Library is located within the Institute of France, on the left bank of Seine in Paris. Created in the 17th century, it has one of the richest collections of rare books and documents in modem France, and is the oldest public library in the country.
National Library of Indonesia
The Indonesian National Library, located in Jakarta, Indonesia, has the most complete collection of publications in the country, recording the information of Indonesia in various times. Documents written on leaves, bark, bamboo and Indonesian native paper are some of the rare items kept in the collection.
Stuttgart City Library
Stuttgart City Library is a cube outside with a hollow design inside. The hollow part is connected with misplaced stairs to create a unique sense of space. Since its completion in 2011, it has become a local cultural and architectural card.
21. What's special about Library of Alexandria
A. It was built in 2002. B. It holds the largest books.
C. It offers multiple functions. D. It has an Egyptian lighthouse.
22. What do Mazarin Library and National Library of Indonesia have in common
A. Oldest publications. B. Rare documents. C. Richest leaves. D. Valuable books.
23. Which library most attracts those who are interested in architecture
A. Library of Alexandria. B. Mazarin Library.
C. National Library of Indonesia. D. Stuttgart City Library.
B
I am not a typical graduate student. As an engineer, I have designed electronic control systems for more than 30 years, and I had expected to do so until I retired.
My wife is a scientist at the Australian National University (ANU). One year, I accompanied her to a scientific conference. Jochen Zeil, a professor at the ANU who studies animal behavior, captured my interest.
At lunchtime, Zeil and I had a long and very enjoyable discussion about his idea on the fundamentals of insect vision. When we parted, I joked that if he wanted another PhD student, he could count me in. About a month later he emailed me, “Haven't heard from you. Have you enrolled yet " And that's how, at the age of 53, I became a part-time doctoral student in biology at the ANU
My background in biology was decades ago, so I needed to learn the basics fast. Diving into textbooks, I went through an intense "undergraduate course” in my spare time. After a while, I managed to follow the papers I read. But the more I learnt, the more I realized how little I knew. Every paper aroused my interest to read more. It was tiring, and at times frustrating, but fun. I read, and read, and thought, and suddenly things fell into place. Still, being a part-time graduate student wasn't easy. I forgot the meaning of "spare time" for a while. Now, at the age of 61, my PhD is nearly at an end in itself.
New knowledge enriches you, regardless of how old you are. If you have the opportunity to dive into a new field, just take it.
24. What motivated the author to study biology at the ANU
A. His passion for engineering. B. His curiosity about Zeil's idea.
C. His wife's suggestion. D. His job's requirement.
25. How did Zeil react to the author's joke about being a PhD student
A. He laughed at him. B. He ignored his words.
C. He felt satisfied. D. He took it seriously.
26. Which of the following best describes the author's life at the ANU
A. Exhausting but enjoyable. B. Frustrating and worthless.
C. Tiring but promising. D. Happy and relaxing.
27. Which proverb can be the best summary of the text
A. Never too old to learn. B. Every minute counts.
C. Practice makes perfect. D. Experience must be bought.
C
Robots have always imitated（模仿）life. Social androids powered by artificial intelligence have now reached a level where they may be ready to work in shops, airports, and care homes. But an entirely new class of robots is being developed that can grow, evolve, and even reproduce.
Growth is a new frontier in robotics. Stanford University's root robot is a plastic tubular（管状的）robot that grows by unfolding from the inside as air is pumped into it. The soft body can move over rough or sticky surfaces, grow to 100 times its original length, and squeeze through gaps one-quarter of its size. Root robots can twist and turn in any direction to move through tight spaces. Its designers say the robot could be used to detect people and deliver equipment inside collapsed buildings.
Reproduction and evolution were actually used in an earlier experiment in 2015. European scientists built a computerized "mother" robotic: arm that assembled smaller robots. Each generation that the system built became progressively better at moving. Baby robots were glued together by the mother robot in different ways, so they could move further than the generation before.
It was a major milestone in robot learning and was used as inspiration for robotic evolution projects at the UK York Robotics Laboratory. Robot bodies there are 3D printed and then fitted, using a computerized arm, with sensors and other components. Designs are tested in a mock-up（实物模型）of a nuclear reactor, where robots must clear radioactive waste. Each robot is scored on its success at the task, and the computer then chooses which robots are allowed to reproduce. What form that robot life takes depends entirely on its success.
Researchers say their system could operate entirely by itself. But future evolutionary robot systems would likely need a kill switch to stop the system from running out of control and harming humans or the environment.
28. What is the feature of the root robot
A. Flexible. B. Rough. C. Sticky. D. Tight.
29. Which robots are entitled to reproduction
A. The ones clearing waste.
B. The ones printed by a computer.
C. The ones fitted with sensors.
D. The ones performing well at the task.
30. Why is a kill switch needed for future evolutionary robot systems
A. For test. B. For environment. C. For safety. D. For replacement.
31. What is probably the best title for the text
A. Future Androids Change Human's Life
B. Robots Reproduce to Meet Human's Demand
C. New Androids are Widely Used in Different Areas
D. Robots Imitate Life to Create Better Versions of Themselves
D
Climate change and habitat loss from big agriculture are combing to decrease global insect Populations, with each problem making the other worse, a new study finds.
While insects may bother people at times, they also are key in pollinating（授花粉）plants to feed people, making soil more fertile. Scientists have noticed a dramatic drop both in total insect numbers and diversity of insect species due to harmful chemicals and light pollution.
Big single-crop agriculture that leaves less habitat and leafy food for insects plus higher temperatures from climate change are huge problems for insect number drop, but a new study in the journal Nature based on more than 750, 000 samples of 18, 000 different species of insects says it's not just those two threats acting on their own. The interaction between habitat loss and climate change does smash insect populations.
“In this case, the habitat loss and climate change can often be worse than if they were acting on their own, as one can make the impact of the other worse and vice versa（反之亦 然）. We're missing part of the picture if we are only looking at these things individually, " said Outhwaite, an ecologist at University College London. For example, single-crop agriculture often reduces tree shading, making it hotter in a given spot. On top of that comes climate change. Then insects that need heat relief or need to move north for cooler climates can run into problems with lack of proper habitat because of large farms.
What makes this study important is that it's the first to link climate change and industrialized agriculture together in explaining harm to insects. The study used so many different samples and species around the world, which gives its findings more credibility.
32. What contributes to the drop in insect numbers
A. Leafy plants and fertile soil. B. Less pollinated plants.
C. Habitat loss and climate change. D. Diverse chemicals.
33. What does the underlined word "smash" mean in the text
A. Soar. B. Decrease. C. Damage. D. Increase.
34. Why does the author mention “single-crop agriculture” in paragraph 4
A. To offer a comparison. B. To explain a theory.
C. To draw a conclusion. D. To make a prediction.
35. What does the author want to stress about his study in the last paragraph
A. Its complex data. B. Its strict process.
C. Its special value. D. Its new application.
福建省三明市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Four Underwater Cities You Must Visit
Dwarka - India
Dwarka is located 70 feet under the sea near the inhabited island of Bet Dwarka. It was built sometime between 9000 and 12,000 years ago and those fortunate enough to visit can witness a diverse variety of buildings in addition to a seaport and protective walls made of sandstone. Furthermore, large stone anchors indicate that overseas trade took place in Dwarka during the Age of Antiquity all the way through medieval times.
Pavlopetri - Greece
Pavlopetri was founded around 5000 years ago, making it one of the oldest underwater lost cities in the world. Since it was rediscovered in 1967, archeologists and tourists alike have been fascinated by the well-preserved handicrafts. What makes Pavlopetri stick out is that it has a nearly - complete town plan, including at least 15 buildings. There is also evidence that it was once a major producer of textiles, with some of the equipment still complete!
Antirhodos - Egypt
This ancient underwater island was rediscovered in 1996 near the Alexandria harbor. In addition to being the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Ancient Wonders of the World that had been presumed (推测) lost forever, explorers can find a marble-floored 3rd century B. C. palace. The best thing is that the island is only a few meters under the water, which makes it easy to explore even for new divers!
Atlit - Yam - Israel
This underwater site was discovered in 1984 off the coast of Atlit near Haifa, and is estimated to have been settled between 6900 and 6300 B. C. This location offers the clearest evidence of where humans made the transition (过渡) from hunter-gatherers to settled farmers. Dive insurance is required, so make sure you are covered when you plan your trip.
1. In which place can visitors admire handicrafts
A. Dwarka B. Pavlopetri
C. Antithodos. D. Atlit - Yam
2. What can we learn about Antirhodos
A. It has various ancient buildings B. It has a completely preserved town
C. It is easily accessible to divers D. It is where ancient hunters gathered
3. What do visitors need to do before visiting Atlit - Yam
A. Take a map and a compass B. Book the trip online
C. Learn about the history of farming D. Buy dive insurance
B
“Tina there's a school talent show in three weeks,” I shouted to my best friend. My older brother had been teaching me juggling (杂耍) and I knew he'd help me with my act for the show. Tina Tan over to the bulletin board and read the poster. “Mary, what's our act going to be ” Tina asked me. “Our act ” I said, clenching my fist instinctively Tina grinned, pointed to the poster and said. “It says acts can be individuals, partners or small groups.” I hesitated for a second before continuing, “I've got an idea and...” Tina interrupted me and said.” Yeah, me too; let's talk at lunch.”
During the math lesson, I tried to think of how I would tell Tina that I wanted to do my own act. After all, we are best friends; we should be able to see eye to eye about this. The problem is Tina always takes charge, I don't speak up and then I end up feeling resentful about the whole situation. At lunch, Tina started talking as soon we sat down. “I have it all planned out. We can sing along to a song and do a dance routine, and my mother can make us costumes.” I didn't get a chance to voice my plan.
At break, I ran around the track a couple of times just to let off steam. When my grandmother picked me up after school, she drove a few minutes and finally said, “Cat got your tongue ” I explained about the talent show. She said I wasn't respectful of my own ideas and I should be accountable for my own actions.
When we got home, I took 12 deep breaths, called Tina and told her that I was going to do my juggling act. I spent all night worrying she would be mad at me.
The next day; she described her act and her costume. But the biggest surprise came at break, when we played a game that I chose, not Tina. I guess standing up for myself did pay off.
4. What can we infer from paragraph1
A. Tina knew what the author meant to do
B. The author wanted to do an act all by herself
C. The talent show would last for three weeks
D. Students could act individually or in group
5. What kind of girl is Tina according to paragraph 2
A. Self - centered B. Considerate
C. Warm - hearted D. Devoted
6. How did the author feel when she called Tina
A. Excited B. Satisfied
C. Determined D. Nervous
7. What can be the best title for the story
A. Speak your Mind B. Sharing is Caring
C. Win the Show on your Own D. A Friend in Need is a Friend in Deed
C
Sneezing is one of the many wonders of the human body and one of our protective reflexes (反射动作). When something stimulates the inside of our nose - such as dust or pollen - the tiny nerve endings inside our nose send a message to our brain that in turn sends out messages to many parts of our body to release the sneeze.
Sometimes you feel the urge to sneeze when you're in a meeting or during the quiet part of a play or concert. You might do your best to stifle the reflex so you don't sneeze. But it's better to interrupt your coworkers and seatmates than risk health consequences, say researchers.
According to a case described in the journal BMJ Case Reports, a 34 - year - old in Leicester in the U. K. ended up hurting his throat while trying to hold in a forceful sneeze. The man said he felt a “popping” sensation in his neck after pinching (捏) his nose and holding his mouth closed to stop a sneeze. The pressure didn't have anywhere to go, so it tore the soft tissue. The man had to be fed by a tube after the incident and eventually made a full recovery.
I know all sorts of sneezers, quiet ones and loud ones. Each person is different. As Dr. Mitchell Grayson, a professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, explains, “Some people have bouts (一阵) of sneezing. It's a neurologic reflex, and it depends on the person. Some people may have 10 to 20 sneezes in a row.” It usually depends on the level of irritation in your nose, because you'll keep sneezing until you get it out.
The saying that your eyes will pop out of your head if you sneeze with them open is false. Our eyes shutting tight when we sneeze is simply a reflex, much like our leg going up when our knee is tapped. It doesn't really have a good reason 一 it just happens.
8. What does the underlined word “stifle” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Stop B. Relax
C. Strengthen D. Change
9. What is the purpose of the third paragraph
A. To introduce a new topic B. To support the second paragraph
C. To summarize previous paragraphs D. To highlight the main idea of the text
10. What affects a person's continuous sneezing
A. The personal habits B. The emotional state
C. The health condition D. The stimulation level
11. People shut their eyes while sneezing because ________.
A. the pressure has nowhere to go B. they don't want to hurt their throat
C. their eyes may pop out D. a protective reflex happens
D
The vision of a completely blind man has been partially restored using light - sensing proteins first found in algae (藻). He was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa 40 years ago. When he was treated with optogenetics (光遗传学), which uses light to control precisely the activity of brain cells, the ability of one of his eyes to detect light was restored.
The first step in the treatment was gene therapy (治疗). The genetic instructions for making the light - sensing proteins were taken from algae and given to cells in the deep surviving layers of the retina at the back of his eye. Now when they were hit with light they would send an electrical signal to the brain. However, they would respond only to amber light, so the patient wore a pair of goggles (protective glasses) with a video camera on the front and a projector on the back, to capture what was happening in the real world and project a version in the right wavelength onto the back of the eye. It took months for high enough levels of the rhodopsins to build up in the eye and for the brain essentially to learn a new language to be able to see again.
The man first knew it was working when he realized he could see the painted stripes of a crossing. He can now grab and count objects on a table, Nature Medicine reports. Dr Jose - Alain Sahel, from the Institute of Vision, in Paris, said: "This patient initially was a bit frustrated because it took a long time between the injection and the time he started to see something. But when he started to report he was able to see the white lines to come across the street you can imagine he was very excited. We were all excited.”
Prof Botond Roska, from the University of Basel, said: “The findings provide proof - of - concept that using optogenetic therapy to partially restore vision is possible.”
12. What's the text mainly about
A. Special proteins found in algae B. A man suffering from vision problem
C. A study related to light and brain cells D. A therapy to bring back vision partially
13. What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Instructions B. Cells
C. Proteins D. Layers
14. When did the man realize the treatment worked
A. When he wore a pair of goggles
B. When he could seize objects and count them
C. When he had the injection
D. When he saw the white lines of a crossing
15. What's Prof Roska's attitude towards opotogenetic therapy
A. Optimistic B. Doubtful
C. Unconcerned D. Negative
福建省三明市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Sometimes big ideas come in tiny packages. That’s true for Bryan Ware, the founder of the nonprofit organization The Crayon Initiative, which recycles the crayons children use at restaurants to give to children in need.
Ware, who has a background in producing and packaging, went out to dinner with his family one night when he took notice of a box of crayons on the table. The restaurant provided them and his boys used them to color on the paper tablecloth. There was nothing unusual about either of the two things. But Ware thought something more. Ware knew that most of the crayons at restaurants would be thrown away after their first use because people worried that germs on them might cause disease. While the wax of a crayon is easy to clean and doesn’t hold many germs, the wrapping paper is a different story.
So now Ware is trying to improve the situation. After speaking with a friend who works as a child life specialist at the University of San Francisco Medical Center, Ware decides to work with hospitals in the area to bring the crayons to their young patients. We know that child life specialists help sick children deal with the uncertainty of their conditions. They hold a child’s hand during medical treatment or provide food and clothing for his or her family members.
So far, The Crayon Initiative has donated over 20,000 packs of crayons to 38 hospitals in 17 states, but it’s the positive influence, not the number, that matters to Ware. Ware recently received a photo from a family whose daughter had unfortunately passed away. It was a picture of a plastic pencil box, and it was what the girl carried with her through her stay in hospital. Wherever she had to go, this was her little box of stuff to keep her happy. These kinds of stories make the effort all worthwhile for Ware.
1. What can we infer from paragraph 2
A. Ware didn’t think restaurants should provide crayons.
B. Used crayons with wrapping paper hold fewer germs.
C. Restaurants usually provide crayons for kids free of charge.
D. Ware’s idea about his organization came to him by accident.
2. What do we know about child life specialists from the passage
A. They help doctors look for cures for diseases.
B. They provide food and education for young patients.
C. They bring comfort to kids fighting against illness.
D. They need money to help poor kids pay hospital bills.
3. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. Ways of Achieving a Big Dream
B. Recycling Crayons for a Good Cause
C. A Successful Man and His Magical Crayons
D. Solutions to the Problem of Crayon Pollution
B
China has taken new measures to boost new-energy vehicle (NEV) and home appliance consumption. On June 6, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Ecological Environment and the Ministry of Commerce jointly released a guideline. It aims to upgrade the country’s consumption and form a strong domestic market in 2020.
According to the guideline, the cost of NEV production will be largely lowered and the research of a new generation of NEV batteries will be accelerated. Local governments are strictly banned from imposing any limit on the consumption and use of NEVs. Places where the limits exist should call them off. The guideline also encourages local governments to subsidize (补贴) the purchase of first NEVs of car-free families and reduce parking fees for NEVs. In this way, the move would help meet the demand for millions of vehicles in cities across the country, analysts say.
Amid the flat market in China’s auto industry, “methods to boost consumption in the auto market are still being rolled out in first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai,” said Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of the China Passenger Car Association.
Some netizens held that the measures could be difficult to carry out in metropolises due to traffic pressure. Cui responded that “the traffic problems could be eased by upgrading the traffic management systems.” Cities like Beijing and Shanghai should address traffic problems in different areas based on their different levels of congestion (堵塞) through corresponding driving restrictions. The restrictions on NEVs could also be eased in some far-reaching areas in the cities, he explained.
China saw strong and healthy sales growth of NEVs in the first four months this year with 360, 000 NEVs sold, jumping by 59.8 percent from the same period a year earlier. The market could see a new round of increases under the efforts, according to industry experts.
4. Where can we most probably read the passage
A. In a newspaper. B. In a car magazine.
C. In a guideline book. D. In an advertisement.
5. Why did they release the guideline
A. To increase home consumption.
B. To boost overseas consumption.
C. To occupy a powerful overseas market.
D. To build up a powerful market home and abroad.
6. Which measure is proper to boost consumption of NEVs
A. No parking fees are allowed for NEVs.
B. The research of new NEV batteries will be sped up.
C. Families can be subsidized when buying their first NEVs.
D. Local governments have no right to monitor the use of NEVs.
7. What does Cui Dongshu think of the measures
A. Useless. B. Successful. C. Practical. D. Creative.
C
Scientists say they have used artificial intelligence (AI) to create music to represent the protein structure of the novel coronavirus.
Researchers used machine-learning methods to make the music, which may help them better understand the virus. The research team assigned musical notes to amino acids (氨基酸) that make up the so-called “spiked(刺突)” protein that infects human cells. Machine learning was then used to turn the protein and structural information into a nearly two-hour piece of classical music.
Markus Buehler of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) led the research team. Buehler told the Reuters news agency that turning the protein data into music let people gain a better understanding of something they cannot see. “You would need many different images, many different magnifications (放大) to see with your eyes, while your ears can pick up with just a couple of seconds of music,” he said.
The finished selection was uploaded to the music sharing website SoundCloud. Listeners of the early part of the piece described it with words such as “beautiful”, “interesting”, “calm” and “nature”. Buehler said this part of the music represents the ease at which the spiked protein enters the human cell, making the coronavirus highly infectious. He noted that the virus is very good at “tricking the cell to open the doors” to infect someone. As the virus then reproduces and the spiked protein attaches to more cells, the music becomes louder, faster and more intense. One SoundCloud user noted that this part could represent one of the first signs of the virus in humans, a high body temperature. Others described the more intense part of the music as “scary” and “sad”.
The researchers say a possible next step could be to use the musical method to design an antibody to attack the virus.
8. What does the underlined word “tricking” mean in paragraph 4
A. Cheating. B. Forcing. C. Stopping. D. Helping.
9. How did Sound Cloud users feel about the second part of the music
A. Happy. B. Encouraged. C. Disappointed. D. Upset.
10. What can we learn from the passage
A. Researchers composed the music on their own.
B. Music may improve our understanding of the virus.
C. Musical method has been applied to attack the virus.
D. SoundCloud users had the same reaction to the whole music.
答案：
福建省三明市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
21-23 CBD 24-27 BDAA 28-31 ADCD 32-35 CBBC
福建省三明市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. D
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A
福建省三明市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在一次偶然机会中，布莱恩·韦尔想出了一个点子，将蜡笔收集处理后送给有需要的孩子的公益故事。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。文中第二段讲述了韦尔一次到饭店就餐的故事，他看到了很多被废弃，当做垃圾处理的蜡笔，只用过一次，之后“But Ware thought something more.”（但韦尔想得更多），下文就具体讲述了他的想法，故可以推断出他建立这一公益组织的点子是在偶然之间萌生的，D正确；此外，文中没有提到韦尔认为饭店不应该提供蜡笔，也未提及饭店对这些蜡笔是收费还是当作赠品，A、C于文无据，B则曲解文意，第二段提到“While the wax of a crayon is easy to clean and doesn’t hold many germs, the wrapping paper is a different story.”，这是说用过的蜡笔也不会滋生很多的细菌，而不是用过的蜡笔细菌更少，综上应选D。
2题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文第三段“We know that child life specialists help sick children deal with the uncertainty of their conditions. They hold a child’s hand during medical treatment or provide food and clothing for his or her family members.”可知他们帮助这些生病的孩子对付（度过）这种疾病状态下的各种不确定性，在他们接受治疗的时候拉住他们的手（在心灵上照顾他们，拉一把），或者是为生病的孩子和家人提供食物和衣服（但没有提供教育），故C选项“在他们与病魔作斗争之时，给他们提供心灵上的慰藉”正确，故选C。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。全文讲述了一个暖心的公益故事，其中首段总领全文，根据其内容概括“Sometimes big ideas come in tiny packages. That’s true for Bryan Ware, the founder of the nonprofit organization The Crayon Initiative, which recycles the crayons children use at restaurants to give to children in need.”可知，本文的中心内容是围绕“回收餐厅的蜡笔，给有需要的儿童用”这一公益活动展开的，故B选项“回收蜡笔，物尽其用”符合原文，此外，全文与实现巨大梦想的途径、人生成功以及蜡笔污染等主题无关，综上应选B。
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国正采取新措施来促进新能源汽车和家电消费。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“China has taken new measures to boost new-energy vehicle (NEV) and home appliance consumption.”可知，本文主要介绍的是中国正采取新措施来促进新能源汽车和家电消费，这属于新闻范畴，因此文章最有可能出自报纸的新闻版块，故A项正确。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“On June 6, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Ecological Environment and the Ministry of Commerce jointly released a guideline. It aims to upgrade the country’s consumption and form a strong domestic market in 2020.”可知，6月6日，国家发改委、生态环境部、商务部联合发布指导意见，目标是在2020年提升中国的消费水平，形成强大的国内市场（增加国内消费），故A项正确。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to the guideline, the cost of NEV production will be largely lowered and the research of a new generation of NEV batteries will be accelerated.”可知，根据该指导方针，将大大降低新能源汽车的生产成本，加快新一代新能源汽车电池的研究，故B项正确。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Amid the flat market in China’s auto industry, “methods to boost consumption in the auto market are still being rolled out in first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai,” said Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of the China Passenger Car Association.”（中国乘用车协会秘书长崔东树表示，在中国汽车行业市场低迷的情况下，北京、上海等一线城市仍在推广刺激汽车市场消费的措施）可知，他认为新措施是实用的，故C项正确。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了科学家们已经使用人工智能来通过将新冠病毒蛋白质结构和信息转化为音乐的方法来更好地理解这种病毒。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段的this part of the music represents the ease at which the spiked protein enters the human cell, making the coronavirus highly infectious.可知，音乐的这一部分代表了被钉住的蛋白质很容易进入人体细胞，使冠状病毒具有高度传染性。又因As the virus then reproduces and the spiked protein attaches to more cells.可知，随着病毒繁殖，加了毒的蛋白质附着在更多的细胞上。所以可推断，tricking与之呼应，意为这种病毒会诱导，欺骗细胞打开门。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章SoundCloud user noted that this part could represent one of the first signs of the virus in humans, a high body temperature. Others described the more intense part of the music as “scary” and “sad”.可知，SoundCloud用户指出，这一部分可能是人类感染病毒的最初征兆之一，即体温过高。有人把音乐中更强烈的部分形容为“恐怖”和“悲伤”。所以SoundCloud用户感觉第二部分的音乐比较悲伤符合题意，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段turning the protein data into music let people gain a better understanding of something they cannot see.可知，把蛋白质数据转化成音乐可以让人们更好地理解他们看不见的东西。又因You would need many different images, many different magnifications (放大) to see with your eyes, while your ears can pick up with just a couple of seconds of music.可知，你需要许多不同的图像，不同的放大倍数（放大倍数）才能用眼睛看到，而你的耳朵只需要几秒钟的音乐就可以听得见。因此可以推断出，音乐可以提高我们对病毒的了解。故选B。