-2023届高三英语二轮复习：语法复习之名词用法课件109张

(共109张PPT)
2023届英语一轮复习
Class 12 & 17
词
复
习
名
1
名词的性
2
3
4
词
名
Contents
名词的数
名词的格
名词的句法功能
一、名词的性 （Gender)
Masculine（阳性）: actor, waiter, master,
prince, lad, hero
2. Feminine（阴性）: actress, waitress, mastress,
princess, lass, heroine
3. Neuter（中性）: teacher, worker, monkey,
sheep, tree, crop
二、名词在句法功能（Function)
功 能 例 子
主语 Bush was elected president.
表语 These are not goats but sheep.
宾语 She was reading a book.
同位语 Mr. Smith, the manager, will host the meeting.
定语 You are supposed to gather at the school gate.
补语 Marx made London the base of revolution.
状语 The couple walked shoulder to shoulder.
呼语 Be quiet, children.
连词 The moment they saw the tower, they cheered.
写出下列名词的复数形式
1. policeman child mouse tooth foot potato hero
leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch thief
mosquito
2. watch lady fox fly brush tomato inch half kilo
piano calf passer-by go-between grown-up girl friend
sister-in-law man servant looker-on
一、名词与高考---语法填空：
1. (2019-Ⅰ) … leading to a ________(believe) that populations are increasing.
2. (2019-Ш) They invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ____________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
3. (2018-Ⅰ) … a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __________ (cause)
4. (2018-Ⅱ) This switch has decreased____________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes …
5. (2018-Ш) I am a ____________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
belief
competition
causes
pollution
scientist
6. (2017-Ⅰ) … has had some side __________ (effect)
7. (2017-Ⅱ) This development was only possible with the ______
(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
8. (2017-Ш) She is determined to carry on with her _________ (educate). She has turned down several _________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
改错：
1. (2019-Ⅰ) All the football player on the playground cheered loudly.
2. (2019-Ⅱ) I've considered different job I would like to do.
3. (2019-Ш) I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
effects
introduction
education
jobs
cities
players
invitations
1、可数名词的单、复数;
2、可数与不可数名词的修饰语及转换；
3、名词作定语；
4、名词的修饰词;
5、名词的所有格
高考考点分析
名词
分类
普
通
名
词
nut, port, theme, chapter, track, factor
不可数
名词
可数
名词
group, team, class, family, audience, crowd, majority
人名、地名、组织名、国家名等：Kate, London, China, the Great Wall
专有名词
个体
名词
抽象
名词
集体
名词
cattle, people, (the) police
oxygen, air, honey, butter
pride, justice, pressure, confidence
物质
名词
名词
单
复
数
不可数名词 ：无复数；前面不可直接加a,an或名词；表数量用a piece of 之类的结构
一般加s：guy, section, material, adult, procedure, aspect
以s,x,sh,ch结尾,加es: mass, box, brush, branch, 但stomach加s
辅音字母+y结尾,y → ies：strategy, policy, battery, company, supply
可数名词:
单→复
名词
单
复
数
f(e) →ves：
加s: roof, proof, belief, chief, safe, chef, giraffe
f(e) →ves或直接加s: handkerchief, scarf
可数:
单→复
f(e)结尾
以o结尾
加s: kangaroo, bamboo, zoo, photo, piano, studio
加es: negro, volcano, hero, potato, tomato
zero （zeros或 zeroes）
beef（beeves菜牛 、beefs怨言；牢骚）
妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷吓得着了慌，
躲进架子保己命，半片树叶遮目光
wife, housewife，knife, wolf，thief, helf, self, life，half, leaf, loaf,
名词
单
复
数
单复同形：
oo →ee：
man →men: policeman, spokesman, spokeswoman, Englishman, Frenchman
ium/ ion→ia: bacterium, medium, criterion
其他：
phenomenon →phenomena,
ox →oxen, mouse →mice,
child →children
可数:
单→复
不
规
则
变
化
series, sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, means, species, works(工厂), aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
tooth, foot, goose
penny （pence或 pennies）
German
“哪国人”复数：
中日不变，英法变，其余 -s添后面
不同国家的人的单复数
名称　　 总称(谓语用复数）　一个人　　 两个人　　　　　
中国人　　the Chinese　　　a Chinese　 two Chinese
瑞士人　　the Swiss　　　　a Swiss　　 two Swiss
日本人　　the Japanese　　 a Japanese　 two Japanese
葡萄牙人 the Portuguese a Portuguese two Portuguese
澳大利亚人the Australians　an Australian two Australians　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
俄国人　　the Russians　　 a Russian　　two Russians
意大利人　the Italians　　 an Italian　 two Italians
希腊人　　the Greek　　　 a Greek　　　two Greeks
法国人　　the French　　　a Frenchman　two Frenchmen
美国人　　the Americans　 an American　two Americans
印度人　　the Indians　　 an Indian　　 two Indians
加拿大人　the Canadians　 a Canadian　 two Canadians
德国人　　the Germans　　a German　　two Germans
英国人　　the English　　an Englishman　two Englishmen
瑞典人　　the Swedish　　a Swede　　　two Swedes
合成名词的复数形式：
①将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数：
looker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(s)-in-law
Eg. Lookers-on see more than players.
②将最后一部分变为复数：
grown-up(s), go-between(s) (中间人），
good-for-nothing(s) (无用之人）
③含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名词：
它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。
如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers
④含man或 woman的合成名词：
它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：
a man doctor, two men doctors
当局者迷,旁观者清.
名词只能用复数形式的短语：
do exercises
take notes
take turns
make repairs
change trains
make friends with
shake hands with
as follows
in rags
in dozens
（做操,做练习）
(做笔记）
（轮流）
（搞修理）
（改换火车）
（交朋友）
(握手）
（如下）
（衣衫褴褛）
（成打的）
有些名词单复数形式含义特别:
woods works
waters clothes
customs manners
sands spirits
feelings goods
papers surroundings
games forces
times looks
arms conditions
instructions damages
（森林)
（工厂）
(水域)
(衣服)
(海关)
(礼貌)
(沙滩)
(精神,烈酒)
(感情)
(货物)
(报纸,文件)
(环境)
(运动会)
(军队)
(时代)
(外表)
(武器)
(形式,情况)
(说明)
(损失金)
不可数名词的 “数”
1. 有些抽象名词在一定语境下，可以用做可数名词，这种现象
叫抽象名词具体化。
2. 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
1）A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
2）Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me
3）It is a waste of time reading such a novel.
3. 物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast
have a wonderful breakfast
The road is covered with snow.
They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
4.有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
常见的绝对不可数名词
progress advice fun
information furniture work
baggage luggage news
jewelry weather paper (纸张)
equipment trouble
knowledge homework
有复数形式的不可数名词
有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：
1)They have smoothed away the difficulties.
2)Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting
3)Many thanks for your kindness.
4)No pains, no gains.
5)After many failures, they finally succeeded.
名词单复数的特殊情况:
(1) 集体名词只用作复数： police , cattle , people ,
(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词:
clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage),
(3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数：
family, class, population, staff, crew, public, group, team, party, government, committee, audience
(4) 只有复数形式的名词:
clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses, scissors, goods ,thanks, wishes, tears, troops, forces, resources
(5) 以s结尾但不表示复数:
mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, woods(森林), works(工厂)
(6) 有没有s结尾意义不同：
glass –glasses, cloth –clothes, work –works, water –waters,
wood –woods, good–goods, time –times(时代), paper –papers(论文),
green –greens(青菜), custom –customs(海关), light –lights(灯), experience –experiences(经历), arm –arms(武器), iron –irons(镣铐,熨斗), spirit –spirits(酒精,情绪), compass(指南针) –compasses(圆规),
(7) 姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:
the Greens ；the Chengs
(8) 名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：
make faces / a face（做鬼脸）
have talks / a talk with sb. (与某人交谈）
play jokes / a joke on （拿…开玩笑）
make contributions / a contribution to （为…做贡献）
(9)名词单复数意义不同的短语：
have a word with sb. （与…某人说句话）
have words with sb. （与…某人吵架）
make cloth (织布）
make clothes （制衣）
给出下列名词的复数形式
policeman child mouse tooth foot potato hero leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch thief mosquito
policemen
children
mice
teeth
feet
potatoes
heroes
leaves
shelves
roofs
lives
babies
monkeys
branches
thieves
mosquitoes/s
watch lady fox fly brush tomato inch half kilo piano calf passer-by go-between grown-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant looker-on
watches
ladies
foxes
flies
brushes
tomatoes
inches
halves
kilos
pianos
calves
passers-by
go-betweens
grown-ups
girl friends
sisters-in-law
men servants
lookers-on
不可数名词与可数名词的转换
Many people agree that ____of English is a must in
international trade today.
A. a knowledge
B. knowledges
C. knowledge
D. the knowledge
A
考点二
1. 有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。
如，fishes, fruits, teas…
2.有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如,
shame/ pity______, beauty_____, pleasure______,
success __________, difficulty ______, help ______等。
3. 表示“一场/段/件/种……”时，要用a或an，此时多有形容词或of短语修饰。
如: a fine rain________ , a heavy snow ________ ,
a college education ___________ a long time______________
憾事
美人
乐事
成功的人或事
难事
帮手
一阵细雨
一场大雪
很长一段时间
大学教育
4. 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等，可以用a(n)或数词修饰，也有复数形式。如two teas and a coffee(两杯茶和一杯咖啡)；
5. 有的名词可数与否由意思而定。如：
paper glass time exercise experience room
不可数： 纸 玻璃 时间 锻炼 经验 空间/余地
可数： ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ______
6. 有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使有形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的。如
advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage, jewellery, clothing等。
试卷
玻璃杯
次/倍
习题
经历
房间
名词
修
饰
词
只接可数名词复数：(a) few, several, many, a great /good many, a large number of, scores of, each, either, neither, another, these, those, both, dozens of等
只接不可数名词：much, little(少), a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of
修饰可数或不可数名词：some, any, plenty of, lots of, a large quantity of, quantities of , masses of
名词的修饰词
考点三
1.Much rare animals are dying out. （2015全国卷）
2.We don’t need to do so many homework.(2014全国卷）
Many
much
3.I need______ cloth, for I'm hoping to make ______clothes.
A. a lot of; many B. much; much
C. many; many D. many; a lot
4. We have only a sofa, a table and a bed in our new apartment.
We need to buy ______ more furniture.
A. any B. many C. little D. some
A
D
句
法
作
用
做主语（谓语动词前）：His_____________ (achieve) him respect.
做宾语
动词后：He gave a_________ (describe) of what he had seen.
介词后：We need food and water for_________ (survive).
名词
description
survival
achievements
句
法
作
用
注意：在冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、不定代词等后要用名词
做宾语
动词后：He gave a_________ (describe) of what he had seen.
介词后：We need food and water for_________ (survive).
名词
description
survival
The ______ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.
A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop D. bicycles’s shop
2. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _____ journey.
A. three-hour B. a three hour
C. a three-hour D. three hours
考点四 名词作定语
B
C
1.一般用单数形式。如
石桥_______________会议室_______________ 早操_________________
故事书_____________鞋店_______________ 体温_____________
2. sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。如
运动会_____________ 海关______________ 营业主任_______________
3.数词+名词”作定语,若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符，名词用所有格。如：
三个小时谈话 ___________________________________________
两天假期________________________________________________
a stone bridge
a meeting room
morning exercise
a story book
a shoe shop
(body) temperature
a three-hour talk
a three hours’ talk
a two-day holiday
a two days' holiday
a sports meet
customs house
a sales manager
考点五：名词的所有格
—I wonder whose bicycle it is.
—It might be my________
A. neighbour's B. dear neighbour
C. neighbour D. neighbours
A
名词
所
有
格
有生命的人或动物：a Jim’s cat, the teachers” office, Tom and Kate’s teacher
时间、距离、国家、城市、金额、重量等：
today’s news, England’s shore
无生命的东西：the cover of the book, the title of the novel
of
’s
双重所有格
a play of Shakespeare’s, a friend of my wife’s
1. ～'s 属格：
原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词：
the teacher’s book; the horse’s tail
然而，时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、 海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也可以用～'s 属格。如：
today’s newspaper; five minutes’ walk
the city’s transportation
2.表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用of, 如 the cover of the book。但还须注意以下几点：
1） 表示两个或多人共有的，在最后一个名词后加's。如Kate and Mary's room
2）以s结尾的复数名词后只加撇号不加s。如: teachers' office。
3）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词
如：the barber's ____________ at the dentist's __________
at my uncle's ____________ at the hairdresser's______
理发店
在牙医诊所
在我叔家
在美发店
4）
5) somebody,someone,who+else所有格加在else 后．
如果这字典不是你的，会是谁的？
If this dictionary isn’t yours, who else’s can it be
考点六：名词的固定搭配
1.介词+名词
2. 动词+名词+介词
名词的构词法
常见的名词后辍：
1．具有某种职业或动作的人
(1) an/ ian，表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”。例如：American，美国人，historian历史学家，politician政治家，政客，Asian亚洲人，African非洲人，Italian意大利人，physician内科医生。
(2) ant，表示“……的人”。例如：servant，佣人，applicant应征者，assistant助手。
(3) ar，表示“……者”。例如：scholar学者，liar说谎者。
(4) ee，表示“动作承受者”。例如：employee雇员，interviewee被面试者，examinee应试人，trainee受训者。
(5) eer，表示“从事……的人”。例如：engineer工程师，volunteer志愿者。
(6) er，表示“从事某种职业的人，某地区、地方的人”。例如：observer观察者，villager村民，banker银行家，Londoner伦敦人，worker工人，performer表演者，manager经理，teacher老师。
(7) ese，表示“……国人，……地方的人”。例如：Japanese日本人，Chinese中国人，Cantonese广东人等。
(8) ess，表示“女称名词”。例如：actress女演员，hostess女主人。
(9) ist，表示“从事……研究者，信仰……主义者”。例如：pianist钢琴家，communist共产主义者，dentist牙医，artist艺术家。
(10) or，表示“……者”。例如：author作者，doctor医生，operator操作员，电话接线员，director导演，survivor幸存者，instructor指导者。
2．具有抽象名词的含义
(1) acy，表示“性质，状态”。
accuracy精确，privacy隐 私，literacy读写能力，adequacy足够。
(2) age，表示“状态，行为，身份及其结果”。
shortage短缺，storage储存，marriage婚姻，courage勇气。
(3) al，表示“事物的动作，过程”。 例如：
refusal拒绝，arrival到达，survival存活，approval批准，proposal提议。
(4) ance/ ence，表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”。 importance重要，diligence勤奋，difference区别，convenience方便。
(5) ancy/ ency，表示“性质，状态，行为，过程”。例如：frequency频率，urgency迫切，efficiency效率，tendency趋势。
(6) bility，表示“性质，状态”。例如：
ability能力，disability残疾，possibility可能性，probability可能性。
(7) dom，表示“等级，领域，状态”。例如：
freedom自由，kingdom国王，wisdom智慧。
(8) ion/ sion/ tion/ ation/ ition，表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”。
例如：action行动，solution解决方案，conclusion结论，
destruction毁坏，expression表达，correction改正，impression印象。
(9) ment，表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果等”。例如：
treatment对待，治疗，movement运动，judgement判断。
(10) ness，表示“性质，状态，程度”。例如：
goodness善良，kindness仁慈，tiredness乏味，friendliness友好。
(11) ship，表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”。
例如：hardship困苦，membership成员，friendship友谊，leadership领导。
(12) th，表示“动作，性质，过程，状态”。例如：
depth深度，wealth财富，truth真理，length长度，growth成长，strength力气，长处。
(13) ure，表示“行为，结果”。例如：exposure暴露，pressure压力，failure失败。
语篇练习
Robots used for housework __1__ (test) out in some __2__(family). Tony，one of the __3__(robot)，looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair，speaking in a deep voice. Larry was going to be away from home. Also，__4__ (curious) drove him to have a try on such a new thing. So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire. Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning, but she agreed to it at last. At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt embarrassed. Gradually, Tony began to win the __5__(hostess) trust. He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant, giving her a new haircut, changing the make-up she wore and giving her advice on her personal __6__(dress). Therefore at the party all her guests who __7____(invite) were filled with __8__(admire) when they saw her house was completely changed. After the test，the company __9__(be)satisfied with Tony’s report and believed it was a __10__ (succeed) because he had successfully made a woman regain her confidence and fall in love with him.
were tested
families
robots
curiosity
hostess’　
dresses　
were invited　
admiration
was
success
顾
真
题
回
一、语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. (2018全国Ⅰ卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study ... that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
_______ (cause).
由前面的all可知，要用复数形式。
causes
2. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) This trend,…, has had some unintended side _______ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease…
由前面的修饰语some可知，effect应用复数effects; 另外，从such as所举的例子overweight and heart disease (肥胖和心脏疾病)也可看出，不止一种副作用(side effects)。
effects
3. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________(crowd) on the roads…
根据常识，不同公路上上下班的人群肯定不是一群人，而是一群一群的人，无数群的人，故填其复数形式crowds。
4. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) She has turned down several __________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
由前面的several可知 ,要填其复数形式invitations。
invitations
crowds
5. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) The nursery team switches him every few _______ (day) with his sister…
由空格前的修饰语few，可知填day的复数形式days。
6. (2016全国Ⅱ卷) Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive…
谓语动词为show，根据主谓一致原则，空格处应填study的复数形式studies。
days
studies
7. (2015全国Ⅰ卷) I’d skipped nearby Guilin,
a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __________ (painting).
由空格前的修饰语many可知，要填其复数形式paintings。
paintings
8. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the __________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.
在句中做主语或冠词后应当用名词，change除作动词外也可作名词；其后的谓语动词是are，根据主谓一致原则，主语也应是复数，故填change的复数形式changes。
changes
9. (2018全国Ⅱ卷)This switch has decreased __________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
作动词decreased的宾语，用名词，故填pollution。
pollution
10. (2017全国Ⅱ卷)This development was only possible with the _____________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
作介词(with)的宾语或者在冠词the后要用名词，表示“采用，引入”，故填 introduction。
11. (2017全国Ⅲ卷)She is determined to carry on with her ___________ (educate).
作介词(with)的宾语或在形容词性物主代词(her)后，要用名词。
introduction
education
12. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense
of _____________ (achieve).
在介词(of)后作宾语要用名词，表示“成就”。
13. (2016全国Ⅲ卷)Confucius influenced the _____________ (develop) of chopsticks.
作influenced的宾语用名词，或者说在the后用名词。
achievement
development
14. (2018全国Ⅲ卷)My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a ____________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
根据句意及空格前的a可知，此处填名词，表示“科学家”，故填scientist。
scientist
15. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ___________ (attract).
在“形容词性物主代词(its)+形容词(top)”后应填名词，attraction指“吸引人的事物”。
16. (2015全国Ⅱ卷)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
因在形容词性物主代词后必定用名词。
attraction
ability
二、短文改错
1. ( 2018全国Ⅰ卷) Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
由dozens of (几十，许多)可知，其后的名词用复数。
chickens
2. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) ( 2018全国Ⅱ卷) After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
由前面的all可知此处应用名词的复数形式。
3. (2018全国Ⅲ卷) The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.
因mistake是可数名词，犯错误应不止一个，故此处应用名词的复数形式。此外，textbooks也有提示。
sorts
mistakes
4. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”
根据后面的“Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”这三句话可知，The instructor不断重复的不是一句而是三句，故将word改为复数words。
words
5. (2016全国Ⅲ卷) The teenage year from
13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
依据其后的修饰语from 13 to 19可知，不止一年，故year应当改为复数years。另外，也可依据主谓一致原则，由were可知主语是复数。
years
6. (2015全国Ⅱ卷) One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent…he turned
around and found that his parents were missing. … Five minutes later, Tony saw his parents.
因下文两次出现了parents，可见Tony是同父母一起去的，故将parent改为parents。
parents
7. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) Since then—for all these year—
we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
由修饰语all these可知，其后应接复数名词years。
8. (2014全国Ⅱ卷) For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
由修饰语one and a half可知，hour应当用其复数hours才正确。
years
hours
9. (2013全国Ⅰ卷)He was tall, with broad shoulder…
根据常识, 肩有左肩和右肩, 因此shoulder通常用复数。
10. (2013全国Ⅱ卷) When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
因满足英国人习惯的带柄的高质量茶杯, 不止需要一个，而是许许多多，故用复数。
shoulders
cups
11. (2012全国课标卷) From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.
因each /one of后要用复数。因为若不是复数，何来“之一”或“每一”？
12. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
因information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
toys
information
13. (2016全国Ⅱ卷) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
因knowledge (知识)是不可数名词, 没有复数形式。
14. (2015全国Ⅰ卷) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier…
因air是不可数名词，没有复数形式。另外，句中的谓语is getting是单数，根据主谓一致原则，我们也可判断主语应是单数。
knowledge
air
15. (2011全国课标卷) …but the only clothes I had were those I had on. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.
因luggage是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
luggage
16. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
星期名词用于morning, afternoon, evening, night等词前作定语，不需要加所有格。
17. (2011全国课标卷) When I finally arrived
at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
“我终于到达我的朋友”显然不通顺, 应是“到达我的朋友的家”，故改用所有格my friend’s (home)。
Friday
friend’s
18. (2016全国Ⅰ卷)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.
由句意“成功的关键是诚实”，故用名词honesty作表语。比较：He is ______(honesty). 若译成“他是诚实”，不通，不能用名词作表语；译作“他是诚实的”才通顺，故用形容词作表语。
19. (2013全国Ⅱ卷) This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.
作介词(for)的宾语要用名词。
honesty
growth
20. (2015全国Ⅰ卷)Much rare animals are dying out.
修饰可数名词复数rare animals，不能用Much，要用Many。
21. (2014年全国大纲卷) He says if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me.
因time作“时间”解是不可数名词，不可数名词是没有复数的。
time
Many
22. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty. There are so much that we
often share them with our neighbors.
指有太多的fruits，代替可数名词复数，不能用much，要用many。另外，由后面的them也可知指复数，不能用much。
23. (2014全国Ⅱ卷) We don’t need to do so many homework.
因homework是不可数名词，不能用many修饰，应用much。
many
much
24. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I think that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
根据句意，这里是指花费许多钱，而钱(money)是不可数名词，替代不可数名词用much不用many。
much
析
考
情
分
考点：名词的用法在语法填空和短文改错中，年年必考。考过的考点有：
1. 可数名词大于1时是要用复数形式的。如上述语法填空第1～8题，将括号中所给可数名词的单数形式改为复数形式；短文改错第1～11题，该用复数却用了单数。
2. 不可数名词是没有复数形式的。如上述短文改错第12～15题。
3. 名词的句法作用：
(1)做动词的宾语，如上述语法填空第9、13题；
(2)做介词的宾语，如上述语法填空第11、12题，短文改错第19题；
(3)做表语，如上述语法填空第14～16题，短文改错第18题。
4. 名词的所有格，当其后名词是表示家或店铺的house、home、shop、store等时，该名词常被省略。如上述短文改错第17题。星期名词用于morning、afternoon、evening、night等词前做前置定语，不需要用所有格。如上述短文改错第16题。
5. 名词的修饰语：
(1)修饰或代替可数名词，不能用much，要用many。如上述短文改错第20、22题。
(2)修饰或代替不可数名词，不能用many，要用much。如上述短文改错第23、24题。
解法：
1. 因为名词前可能有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词other和another等)，因此，在限定词后很可能填名词；因名词前是可能有形容词修饰的，因此，在形容词后很可能是填名词。
2. 名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语等，因此，处于主语的位置，或在及物动词或介词后应当用名词；在译成汉语的“是”后是名词时，用名词作表语，如短文改错第18题“成功的关键是诚实”是名词honesty做表语。
3. 在several、few、all、many、one of、each of等后要用复数形式；还可根据主谓一致、上下文信息和常识来判断是用单数还是复数。
4. 牢记advice、luggage、homework等常见的不可数名词。它们是没有复数形式的，也不能用many、few等修饰或代替。
练
模
拟
操
1. (2018贵州贵阳)According to _______ (tale) and legends(传说), the beginning of Chinese New Year started with the fight against a mythical beast called Nian (年).
由与之并列的legends可知填tales。
tales
一、语法填空
2. (2018广东汕头) Of the several new _________ (feature) iPhone X includes, its wireless charging ability is one of the most talked about.
由前面的several可知用复数。
features
3. (2018安徽合肥) During the festival, which lasts three or four days, people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety
of colourful _________ (activity).
由前面的a variety of可知用复数。
4. (2018安徽毫州)Though today is a gift, the ___________(memory) of our families give us the strength to appreciate this “present”.
名词作主语，由谓语动词give可知主语用复数。
memories
activities
5. (2018福建龙岩)People often prefer to stay at home with their ________(family) at Christmas instead of going out to have fun.
前面的People是泛指，故应该用复数。
6. 2018福建漳州) We didn’t prepare candles or _________ (match).
由与之并列的candles可知用复数。
families
matches
7. (2018福建泉州)But if something I don’t like is ordered, it’s not a problem because there are other _______ (dish) that I can enjoy.
因为dish是可数名词，而它又被other修饰，故用复数。
8. (2018安徽蚌埠)When I went to the theatre, there were two ________(woman) ahead of me in line.
由前面的two可知用复数。
dishes
women
9. (2018广西贵港) At all levels about half
of the students at Cambridge study arts and humanities, many of whom have gone on to become outstanding figures in the arts, print and broadcast _______________ (medium).
用复数表示泛指, 注意medium (媒体)的复数形式是media或mediums。
media/medium
10. (2018河北石家庄)At dinner, if half of the fish is eaten up, a guest shouldn’t turn the fish over by saying “fan”, which is the Chinese word for “turn over”, which is considered bad luck for __________ (fisherman) and their boats.
可数名词前没有限定词时要用复数，表泛指。
fishermen
11. (2018湖北天门市)We usually rely on Hollywood _______ (hero) to show up on
our screens and defeat the bad guys.
可数名词前没有限定词时要用复数，表泛指。
12. (2018广东茂名)The concept goes back to 400 BC and is a core virtue of Confucianism (儒家思想), described in the early _______(work) of China’s best-known scholars.
因文中work作“著作，作品”解，是可数名词，早期作品，用复数。
heroes
works
13. (2018山东淄博期末) Later, when expensive _____ (tea) were sold in certain cafes, women were initially not allowed to enter.
由动词were可知主语是复数形式。注意，虽然tea是不可数名词，但指各种茶时是可数的。
14. (2018河南濮阳)A bus ________(driver) main responsibility is safely transporting passengers.
指公交车“司机的”主要责任，故用所有格。
driver’s
teas
15. (2018广东惠州) Public ____________ (celebration) include the Lusheng Festival
and water buffalo fighting.
根据动词include可知主语是复数形式。
16. (2018河北石家庄)The __________ (separate) of the fish bone from the lower half of the flesh is usually done by the host or hostess.
名词作主语，指鱼骨从鱼肉中的分离。
celebrations
separation
17. (2018安徽蚌埠)I asked her to pay it forward and she expressed her ____________(willing) to
do that.
作动词expressed的宾语用名词，或者说在形容词性物主代词后用名词。
18. (2018广东揭阳)When the couple living next door had a baby, instead of saying ___________ (congratulate), he expressed his concern about his own sleep.
作动词saying的宾语用名词，congratulation常以复数形式出现。
willingness
congratulations
19. (2018云南二检)As a __________ (music), Dylan has sold more than 100 million records, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time.
在介词as后用表职业的名词。
20. (2018甘肃张掖) Grammar and idioms may be another _________ (difficult).
在another后应接单数可数名词, 故填difficulty。
difficulty
musician
二、短文改错
1. (2018云南昆明) She was not sure whether she could afford the cost of supplying school books for both of her kid this year.
两个小孩，应用复数。
2. (2018陕西榆林) My mother is sixty-five year
old, who devotes herself to the whole family and us three daughters.
根据前面的sixty-five可知。
years
kids
3. (2018河北石家庄)I’m also sending you a few record of our daily conversations, from which
you can hear real American English.
由前面的a few可知用复数。
4. (2018四川资阳)My aunt had to let him finish the experiments and he finally succeeded in
finishing it.
由下文的finish it可知，用单数。
records
experiment
5. (2018山东枣庄) We all hope that such kinds
of activity can be held again.
根据语境，尤其是kinds可知这里用复数。
6. (2018山东德州) The Spring Festival, one of
the most important festival in China, falls on
January 1 in the lunar calendar.
由前面的one of可知用复数。
activities
festivals
7. (2018湖北黄冈)Maybe square dancers need to make some change.
因为change是可数名词，前面又有some修饰。
8. (2018湖南常德)I told him many happy moment with my parents.
前面有many修饰，自然用复数。
moments
changes
9. (2018辽宁沈阳)The first thing coming to my mind is to get a driving license, which I think is
a must for most high school student in China.
根据前面的most(大多数的)可知。
10. (2018四川遂宁)Hundred of students took
exams for it, but only a few were chosen and I was one of them.
因hundreds of是固定词组，表示“成百上千”。
Hundreds
students
11. (2018山西吕梁)30 minutes passed, but no bus came. Both upset and annoyed, I decided to go on feet.
因on foot是固定搭配。
12. (2018山东日照)I had no choices but to hand it in to the information center.
因have no choice but to do是固定句型。
foot
choice
13. (2018河南安阳)In my opinion, if we want
to reduce accidents, we should take actions.
根据固定搭配可知, take action意为“采取行动”。
14. (2018广东东莞) Mom has a full-time job,
but she has to do most of the houseworks.
因housework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
housework
action
15. (2018福建南平)Nowadays, as the Internet develops, we have a new way to have funs, find information and communicate.
因为fun是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
16. (2018山东泰安)Nowadays people are under pressures.
因为pressure是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
pressure
fun
17. (2018广东惠州)Smart phones have so many functions which will distract our attentions.
因为attention为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
18. (2018山东济宁)Some friends suggested buying a television, which turned out to be really good advices.
因advice是不可数名词。
attention
advice
19. (2018河北沧州) As we know, books are the source of knowledges.
因为knowledge是不可数名词。
20. (2018福建福州) He set up a local swimming club after noticing how disabled kids struggled
to swim in pools for lack of special equipments.
因equipment是不可数名词。
knowledge
equipment
21. (2018湖南衡阳) Only in this way can we make rapid progresses in life.
由于progress是不可数名词。
22. (2018河南诊调) Wang Li is my best friend. She is a bit short and has long hairs.
因为hair在此处是不可数名词。
progress
hair
23. (2018福建福州) But with my teammates
encouragement, I was able to communicate smoothly with them.
意思是由于“我的队友们的”鼓励，用名词所有格作定语。
24. (2018四川绵阳) My mother had always told his parents that too much fast food was harmful, but they ignored my mother advice.
指我“母亲的”建议，用名词所有格。
teammates’
mother’s
25. (2018山东德州)To our happy, people have
realized most important task is to protect the environment.
名词做介词to的宾语。
26. (2018山东潍坊)After all, helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy and happy.
作动词obtain的宾语用名词。
happiness
happiness
27. (2018安徽芜湖)Above all, it’s recommended that you should read some poems, and learn to appreciate the beautiful of Chinese culture.
名词作动词appreciate的宾语。
28. (2018山东寿光) Taking an active part in various voluntary activities can also be of great beneficial.
名词作of宾语，而of短语作表语。
benefit
beauty
29. (2018湖北孝感)Having a good command
of English is of great significant to us students.
由of可知用名词，of significance=significant，作表语。
30. (2018云南二检)Now I go swimming several time a week and have started to feel the benefits
of regular exercise.
由前面的several可知用复数，time在此意为“次数”。
times
significance
THANKS
“
”