中考英语语法专题：被动语态用法讲解和练习

被动语态“五注意”
动词的被动语态在语法中起着举足轻重的作用，也是历年高考考查的重点。在学习时我们应注意以下几点：一、掌握被动语态的时态
动词的被动语态是由动词be加上过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。如：
Breakfast is provided in our hotel from 7 to 9 o’clock on weekdays.（一般现在时的被动语态）
We haven’t moved into the new house because the rooms are being painted. （现在进行时的被动语态）
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
（一般将来时的被动语态）
Two big towers were being built there at that time.
（过去进行时的被动语态）
My hometown was liberated in 1949 and now it has been turned into a beautiful city.（一般过去时的被动语态）
The doctor has already been sent for.
（现在完成时的被动语态）
When firefighters arrived, the big fire had been put out.
（过去完成时的被动语态）
二、注意短语动词的被动语态
有不少短语动词相当于及物动词，所以这些短语动词亦有被动语态。如：
Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory.
He is often made fun of for this by his classmates.
有些由“动词 + 名词 + 介词”构成的短语动词，变成被动语态时可以将其中的名词变为被动语态的主语。如：
Good use is made of the library.（主动句是：They make good use of the library.）
三、不及物动词没有被动语态
常见的不及物动词有： appear, arrive, belong, come, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, take place, occur等。如：
The train arrived at the station 20 minutes late.
Something unexpected occurred.
The film festival takes place in October.
四、有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义
这类动词是一些表示主语特征、性质的不及物动词，如： sell, wash, wear, shut, open, read, write, cut, end, begin等；连系动词look, feel, taste, smell, sound等，也可用主动形式表示被动意义，但后要接形容词作表语，不能接副词。如：
The door won’t shut.
The cloth washes well.
The flowers smell sweet.
The food tastes nice.
五、某些系表结构中的形容词是由过去分词转化而来，虽然形式上是被动的，但描述的却是一种状态。常见的这类形容词有： interested, lost, dressed, surprised, engaged等。如：
He was dressed in a police uniform at that time.
The girl was lost in the forest.
My uncle has been engaged in the study of medicine for 20 years.
被动语态讲解
一、被动语态的构成形式
　　1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
　 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2） has /have been done 现在完成时
　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
　　3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here．
　　4） was/were done 一般过去时
　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
　　5） had been done 过去完成时
　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
　　6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7） shall/will be done 一般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
　　8） should/would be done 过去将来时
　　例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
　　9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）
例The project will have been completed before July.
　　2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
　　2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
　　例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
　　3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
　　例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
　　4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
　　例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
二、 如何使用被动语态
　　学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
　　1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
　　例 My bike was stolen last night.
　　2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
　　例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
　　3. 为了更好地安排句子。
　　例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）
　　被动语态习题
1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year
A. Is，built B. Was , built C. Does ; build D . Did ; build
2.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
( ) 7 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found