陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
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陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
All around the world, some civilizations built new cities on top of ancient ruins. The presence of ancient ruins in a city not only adds reputation but also increases the economy. Here are four modern cities built on ancient ruins.
Luxor, Egypt
Luxor is a modern city situated on the east bank of the Nile River in southern Egypt. During the 16―14 centuries B.C., this city was called Thebes. Large temples, royal tombs and the Valley of the Kings are situated around this area in Egypt.
Mexico City, Mexico
The Nahua Aztec found Mexico City around 1325 and it became the capital of an advanced growing empire (帝国). Temple Mayor is one of the last surviving ruins dating back to the pre-Columbian Aztec empire. Making handicrafts (手工艺品) in ancient ways attracts visitors there.
Seoul, Korea
Seoul is currently the largest city in South Korea, whose history goes back almost 2,000 years. While Seoul is considered a very modern city, the ancient city wall can still be found in its very center. Historians believe that the wall dated back to the early 1300s and was built to protect Seoul from attackers.
Kyoto, Japan
Kyoto is known as one of Japan’s oldest and most historically significant cities. It is believed that Kyoto was founded around 794 A.D. and was the capital of Japan until 1868. For a thousand years the city remained faithful to its roots and became famous for its classical Buddhist temples, gardens and royal palaces.
1. Which city has the longest history
A. Luxor, Egypt. B. Mexico City, Mexico.
C. Seoul, Korea. D. Kyoto, Japan.
2. What can we know about Seoul, Korea
A. It’s the oldest city in South Korea. B. It has temples and royal palaces.
C. It has an ancient defensive wall. D. It was the capital of an ancient empire.
3. What can you do in Kyoto, Japan
A. Travel in the valley. B. See Buddhist temples.
C. Experience making handicrafts. D. Visit royal tombs.
B
Evenings With Dad
Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.
Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night he would smile, hand me the comb and say: “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK ”
I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.
Now 28, I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on.
Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.
It was a new comb. This one was brown. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before.
4. How did the author feel about her earliest memories with her Dad
A. Moved. B. Cheerful. C. Challenging. D. Tired.
5. The reason why Dad started his own business was most probably that ________.
A. he lost his job and had to make a living
B. he was eager to get a sense of achievement
C. he hoped to earn a better life for the family
D. he wanted to protect his life from getting shaky
6. From the passage we know that the author’s Dad was ________.
A. kind to the colleagues B. confident in his work
C. strict with his daughter D. responsible for his family
7. The author shared her story with her Dad because ________.
A. she intended to remember their happy time
B. she took pride in helping her father clean the combs
C. she was grateful for what her father had done for the family
D. she wanted others to draw a lesson from her personal experience
C
Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.
Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices. Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician’s success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.
Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying another object that has not been cut or burned.
8. Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick
A. Moving stage equipment. B. Keeping the performance in secret.
C. Applying high technology. D. Directing the audience’s attention.
9. What does the underlined word “employing” mean in paragraph 3
A. Hiring. B. Using. C. Engaging. D. Moving.
10. How does the author develop the last two paragraphs
A. By explaining a concept. B. By making a summary.
C. By drawing comparisons. D. By providing examples.
11. What’s the passage mainly about
A. The secrets behind the art of magic. B. The ways to be magicians.
C. The attractions of the magic show. D. The talents of magicians.
D
A lunar probe launched by the Chinese space agency recently brought back the first fresh samples of rock from the moon in more than 40 years. Now an international team of scientists has determined the age of these moon rocks at close to 1.97 billion years old.
“It is the perfect sample to close a 2-billion-year gap,” said Jolliff, the Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Jolliff is a U.S.-based co-author of an analysis of the new moon rocks led by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, published Oct. 7 in the journal Science. The age determination is among the first scientific results reported from the successful Chang’e-5 mission, which was designed to collect and return rocks to the Earth from some of the youngest volcanic surfaces on the moon.
“Of course, ‘young’ is relative,” Jolliff said. “All of the volcanic rocks collected by Apollo were older than 3 billion years. And all of the young impact craters whose ages have been determined from the analysis of samples are younger than 1 billion years. So the Chang’e-5 samples fill a critical gap.”
The gap that Jolliff references is important not only for studying the moon, but also for studying other rocky planets in the solar system.
As a planetary body, the moon is about 4.5 billion years old, almost as old as the Earth. But unlike the Earth, the moon doesn’t have mountain-building processes that tend to erase craters over the years. Scientists have taken advantage of the moon’s lasting craters to develop methods of estimating the ages of different regions on its surface.
“Planetary scientists know that the more craters on a surface, the older it is; the fewer craters, the younger the surface. That’s a nice relative determination,” Jolliff said. “But to put absolute age dates on that, one has to have samples from those surfaces.”
12. What function does paragraph 1 play
A. Briefly introducing the text. B. Introducing the Chang’e-5 mission.
C. Motivating readers to read the text. D. Analyzing the reasons for the study.
13. What can we know from paragraph 2
A. The analysis of the new moon rocks was organized by America.
B. The result of the new moon rock analysis was made public.
C. Chang’e-5 mission is to collect all moon rocks.
D. The new moon rocks are 3 billion years old.
14. How do scientists determine the accurate age of the moon surface
A. By analyzing rocky planets. B. By seeing the photos of the moon surface.
C. By calculating the number of the craters. D. By studying the samples from the moon surface.
15. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Chang’e-5 Samples Uncover Key Age of the Moon Rocks
B. Chang’e-5 Completed Its Tasks Successfully
C. The Age of the Young Moon Craters was Determined
D. China and America Worked Together Successfully
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Don’t know where to enjoy yourself Here are some choices for you.
Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park
PopUp Picnics in the park return for the fourth summer in a row, taking place on Thursdays. Take a break to enjoy tacos (墨西哥玉米薄饼卷). Prices change from $ 2 to $ 10. Cash only.
144 School Street June 13-August 15 Start at 11:30 am and end at 1:30 pm
The Crow’s Nest
Each summer on Thursday evenings the Crow’s Nest offers its Summer Beach Party series on the beach. The party starts at 5:30 pm each week and goes until sunset. Families are welcome, and there is no entrance fee. After the sun sets, the fun begins with dancing to the best live music of local bands.
2218 East Cliff Drive May 30-August 29 Start at 5:30 pm and end at 8:30 pm
Bargetto Winery
Join us for a beautiful weekend of art and wine. Bargetto Winery will be hosting their yearly gathering of artists and foodies（美食家）at their amazing Soquel winery. No entrance fee. Wine tasting with purchase of $ 15 festival glass. 3535 North Main Street
July 20 - July 21 Start at 11:00 am and end at 5:00 pm
Chaminade Resort & Spa
Chef Page takes guests on a journey showing the area rich fruits, vegetables, and meats. Dinner begins at 6:30 pm with a five-course menu and good wines. Seating booked is not a choice, as all guests are seated at large, connecting, beautifully set tables designed to invite open conversations among guests. Ticket price: $ 90 per person. Tickets can be gotten online.
Chaminade Lane July 26 Start at 6:00 pm and end at 9:00 pm
21. What can we know about PopUp Picnics in the park
A. It lasts two days. B. It is held on Thursdays.
C. It has been held twice. D. It can be paid in credit card.
22. What can people do in the Crow’s Nest
A. Enjoy tacos. B. Talk with artists and foodies.
C. Watch the sunrise on the beach. D. Watch the performance of the bands.
23. Which activity can be booked on the Internet
A. The Crow's Nest. B. Bargetto Winery.
C. Chaminade Resort & Spa. D. Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park.
B
Craig Blackburn, a father and car fan, built a Batmobile for his son’s hope for using the vehicle to brighten the lives of sick children. And now he hopes to use it for more than just his sons hope after seeing the childrens reaction to the Batmobile.
Based on the number of failures he had seen in car groups, he estimated that only about one in 50 attempted constructions was actually finished and he realized what an incredible opportunity he had.
Mr. Blackburn started the project at the beginning of 2018 after hearing a friend in the US was doing the same thing. It started with importing an outer shell overseas, before picking brains of a friend who had a background as a worker in a car factory to gain knowledge of how to build the car. With the help of his friend, Mr. Blackburn built the Batmobile in 18 months with the cost reaching six figures.
Mr.Blackburn hoped to add a flamethrower(喷火器)onto the back of the vehicle and said he had thought about building the more recent Batman Tumbler from the series film Dark Knight. Though Mr. Blackburn encountered plenty of difficulties to get over during the construction, in September 2019, the car made its first show at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba, before being used by Blackburn’s son for his hope.
“It was great. It was so good to see the kids’ and adults’ excitement at seeing the Batmobile.” Mr. Blackburn said. As a result, the car lovers hope to make the car work on the roads as soon as possible, so he can visit sick children and take them out with his son.
24. What is Craig Blackburn’s initial purpose of making the Batmobile
A. To realize his son’s dream.
B. To donate it to sick children.
C. To pay his respects to the film Dark Knight.
D. To show off at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba.
25. How did Blackburn feel about the car-making at first
A. Hopeful. B. Confused. C. Impossible. D. Unsure.
26. How did Blackburn’s friend help him
A. By making an outer shell for him.
B. By offering him financial support.
C. By sharing the knowledge of building cars.
D. By telling him the background of the car factory.
27. What is the car lovers’ expectation of the Batmobile
A. It will be driven soon on the roads.
B. It can be displayed around the world.
C. It can change the lives of sick children.
D. It will appear in the next film about Batman.
C
Water keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.
About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced nay Zero-the day when all its dams would he dry.
Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发)from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.
All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.
To address this issue, what can be done First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米).
Experts are looking at ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking at ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.
28. What can we know from Paragraph 2
A. A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.
B. Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.
C. Underground water should he used to meet the water demand.
D. Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.
29. What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A. Rainfall is not as steady as before. B. Climate change may lead to water shortages.
C. The water supply relies more on rainfall. D. Hotter weather changes the water demand.
30. What can farmers do to deal with water shortage
A. Plug leaks in the water distribution system. B. Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.
C. Reduce the number of people in the cities. D. Grow less-water consumption crops instead.
31. What will be discussed if the passage continues
A. How to prevent from climate change. B. How to inspire people to save water.
C. How to recycle wastewater in cities. D. How to make people get access to clean water.
D
A new study suggests drinking coffee as soon as someone wakes up from a poor night’s sleep greatly affects metabolism(新陈代谢) and blood sugar control.
In the study published in the British Journal of Nutrition, UK researchers let 29 healthy men and women take part in three different overnight experiments. In the first two scenes, participants were given a sugary drink upon waking—first from a normal night’s sleep, and then again after a poor night’s sleep during which they were woken up for five minutes every hour. In the third, their sleep was similarly disrupted, but they were given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.
Blood samples from participants were taken following the sugary drink, which mirrored the calories of a typical breakfast, in each experiment. Results showed that one night of disrupted sleep did not worsen the participants’ blood sugar responses at breakfast when compared to a normal night of sleep. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast increased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.
By drinking such kind of drink after breakfast, UK researchers found that our bodies’ ability to break down our food healthily is completely improved. Examining the effects of broken sleep and morning coffee across a range of different metabolic markers, scientists at the University of Bath found that, while one night of poor sleep had a limited effect on metabolism, drinking coffee before breakfast could have a negative effect on blood sugar control.
“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and, before doing anything else, drink coffee—the more tired we feel, the stronger the coffee is. This simple study is important and has far-reaching health influences, and it indeed moves some coffee drinkers’ heartstrings. As up to now we have had limited knowledge about what this is doing to our bodies, in particular for our metabolic and blood sugar control, so we have a long way to go.” said Professor James Betts, co-director of the Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism at the University of Bath.
32. How did UK researchers get the result of the experiment
A. By making comparisons. B. By consulting journals.
C. By questionnaire. D. By assumption.
33. What can we learn from the experiment
A. One night of poor sleep surely affects blood sugar.
B. Drinking coffee after breakfast does harm to health.
C. Having strong drinks has a good effect on metabolism.
D. Drinking coffee at different time has different effects on health.
34. What does James Betts think of the study
A. It makes no sense. B. It remains to be continued.
C. It is limited and blind. D. It is particular and explicit.
35. What can be the best title for the text
A. How Much Coffee to Drink Matters
B. Does Coffee Really Wake Up an Appetite
C. How Does Drinking Coffee Affect One’s Sleep
D. Drinking Coffee before Breakfast Harms Metabolism
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Nelda Billie has been waiting to turn on lights in her home for 15 years. ''We've been living off those oil lanterns,'' she says. ''Now we don't have to have flashlights everywhere. All the kids have a flashlight. When they get up in the middle of the night to use the restroom, they have a flashlight to go to the outhouse. ''
Billie, her husband and their five kids live in a tiny, one-room cottage built with wood and mud, which is a traditional Navajo home. Their three sheep are on the green grass that carpets the rolling hills of Dilkon, Ariz., on the Navajo Nation, the largest Native American reservation in the US. They watch two men in a cherry picker hook the last power line to their home.
Billie says they've gone through too many electrical machines to count. ''My two boys, they have really bad allergies and they have asthma(哮喘), so sometimes they need the sprayer. '' Billie says. ''So we usually go to their grandma's house, travel in the middle of the night over there back and forth. ''
The Billies are not alone. About 10% of Navajos on the reservation live without electricity. And as much as 40% of them have to haul their water far away and use outhouses. A poll(民意调查) of Native Americans conducted by NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health found that more than a quarter of Native Americans have experienced problems with electricity, the Internet and with the safety of their drinking water.
Outside the Billies' home, the couple waits patiently for the workers to finish the job. Finally, after waiting for so long, the Billies watch the foreman turn on the meter behind their house and close the cover. Nelda then runs inside to open the switch. ''It's so exciting to finally have electricity here after so many years without it, '' Billie says. ''My kids are going to be so happy. They keep asking every day… They go, 'Mum, we're going to have light! We're going to finally have light! '''
Now the family will wait and pray for running water and the Internet.
1. Why did Billie's children have flashlights in the past
A. They used them as toys.
B. They wanted to save electricity.
C. They needed them to light up late at night
D. They prepared these for going to grandma's house.
2. What can we learn from paragraph 2
A. The Billies lead a green but poor life.
B. Electricity can bring about great changes.
C. The situation of Native Americans is serious.
D. There is an urgent need for electricity in Billie's house.
3. How does Billie often find electricity to treat her children's illness
A. By walking a long way to a friend.
B. By producing electricity herself.
C. By inviting workers to her house.
D. By going to her mum's house.
4. What does the underlined sentence ''The Billies are not alone ''imply in paragraph 4
A. The Billies live far from cities but never feel lonely.
B. More Navajos suffer greatly from no electricity.
C. Only 10%of Navajos live without safe drinking water.
D. A quarter of Navajos have experienced problems with electricity.
5. What is the best title for the text
A. The Disappearing Oil Lanterns B. Poor People's Bright Future
C. Electricity Bringing Hope D. Power Lines Construction
B
Birthday parties and graduations are occasions when people celebrate with balloons, often releasing (释放) them into the sky happily. But what happens to those plastic balloons once they become flat Where do they end up
For years, many environmental groups have pushed for mass balloon releases to be inhibited, saying that balloon pieces and strings are dangerous to wildlife. “They can bring harm to wildlife simply because they are colorful and bright, so wildlife might think they are delicious food, and their bodies can get caught by the strings, thus making it difficult for them to swim or breathe.” Emma Tonge, communications and outreach specialist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, told USA Today. Yet releases still happen.
Researchers in Australia analyzed the effects that soft plastics like balloons have on seabirds. They have discovered that soft plastics are more likely than hard plastics to cause barriers in seabirds’ gastrointestinal tracts (胃肠道). Of the birds examined, nearly one out of five died as a result of swallowing a balloon or balloon pieces.
“If seabirds eat plastics, their risk of death increases, and even a single piece can be deadly,” wrote lead study author Lauren Roman, PhD student at University of Tasmania. “The evidence is clear that if we want to stop seabirds from dying from plastic ingestion (吸入) we need to reduce or remove marine debris (海洋垃圾) from their environment, particularly balloons.”
Balloons Blow, a nonprofit organization, is devoted to educating people about the dangers released balloons can have on animals, people and the environment. The group points out that all released balloons return to the ground as litter. Animals like birds, whales and sea turtles can die after swallowing balloons.
6. Why does wildlife eat balloon pieces
A. They mistake them for delicious food. B. They eat anything for lack of food.
C. They feel like eating bright things. D. They suck them just for pleasure.
7. What does the underlined word“inhibited”in paragraph 2 most probably mean
A. objected B. adjusted C. banned D. governed
8. What can we infer from the researchers’analysis in paragraph 3
A. Seabirds are forced to swallow balloons.
B. Balloons mainly determine seabirds’survival.
C. Soft plastics are worse than hard ones for seabirds.
D. Seabirds are more sensitive to hard plastics.
9. What is Lauren Roman’s idea on the released balloons
A. They have bad effects on all the birds. B. They are harmless in small pieces.
C. They are major damage to people. D. They do great harm to seabirds.
10. What is the text mainly about
A. What released balloons bring to the ocean.
B. Why people should stop releasing balloons.
C. When action will be taken to protect wildlife.
D. How released balloons can be finally reduced.
答案：
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四座建立在古代遗迹上的现代城市。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“During the 16―14 centuries B.C., this city was called Thebes.(在公元前16-14世纪，这座城市被称为底比斯)”、第三段“The Nahua Aztec found Mexico City around 1325 (纳华阿兹特克人在1325年左右发现了墨西哥城)”、第四段“Seoul is currently the largest city in South Korea, whose history goes back almost 2,000 years.(首尔目前是韩国最大的城市，其历史可以追溯到近2000年前)”以及最后一段“It is believed that Kyoto was founded around 794 A.D. (据信京都建于公元794年左右)”可知，被称为底比斯的卢克索至今已经拥有3000多年的历史，墨西哥城有近700年的历史，首尔有近2000年的历史，京都有1000多年的历史，所以埃及的卢克索拥有最长的历史。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Historians believe that the wall dated back to the early 1300s and was built to protect Seoul from attackers. (历史学家认为，这堵墙可以追溯到14世纪初，是为了保护首尔免受袭击而修建的)”可知，韩国首尔有一堵古老的防御墙。故选C项。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“For a thousand years, the city remained faithful to its roots and became famous for its classical Buddhist temples, gardens and royal palaces.(一千年来，这座城市忠实于自己的根基，并以其古典佛教寺庙、花园和皇家宫殿而闻名)”可知，人们可以在京都参观佛教寺院。故选B项。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文以一把梳子为线索，讲解了我在成长过程中与爸爸的相处，父子关系之间的变化，最终理解了父亲。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. (我非常乐意这么做。在五岁的时候，这种任务给我带来了如此多的快乐)”可知，作者小时候与父亲的相处是非常愉快的。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky.( 爸爸的生意不太好，我们稳定的生活开始动摇)”以及“Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble (他为什么不听妈妈的话，继续干他原来的工作呢 为什么要冒险让整个家庭陷入麻烦呢 )”可知，因为爸爸的工作，我们之前的生活是稳定的，后来爸爸想要让家庭生活变得更好，因此辞职创业。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to.( 爸爸的生意不太好，我们稳定的生活开始动摇。他不像以前那样经常回家了)”可知，由于爸爸辛勤的工作，我们之前的生活很稳定，而且爸爸经常回家陪伴家人。由此可知，爸爸是一个对家庭负责的人。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before.( 当他微笑的时候，他的眼睛旁边有皱纹，但他的微笑仍然像以前一样温暖)”可知，父亲经过多年的打拼而显得苍老，但仍然温暖从容，因此我对父亲的付出很感恩。故选C。
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过事例揭示了魔术背后秘密。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段后三句“The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician’s success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.(魔术师必须防止人们注意到他手上所有动作，以及思考魔术道具的秘密部分。他还必须引导观众得出错误的结论。魔术师的成功取决于这样一个事实：许多肉眼看到的都不是重要的)”可知，魔术师最重要的是要引导观众的注意力。故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句的后一句“While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand.(在这样做的同时，他与观众交谈，并用一只手挥舞着一块色彩鲜艳的布)”可知，魔术师要通过手的动作来完成魔术，由此可推知，划线词employing与“using”同义，表示“使用”。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.(两个基本的魔术是让物体凭空出现或消失)”及倒数第一段第一句“Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again.(另一个最受欢迎的魔术是切断或燃烧某物，然后再让它变完整)”可知，这两段都是通过举例子的方式展开叙述的。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.(魔术是一种娱乐方式，基于假装做一些不可能的事)”对魔术的概述，结合后文列举例子详细揭示魔术的过程可知，本文主要揭示了魔术背后的秘密。故选A。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国航天局发射的月球探测器最近带回了40多年来首次从月球上采集的新鲜岩石样本。 现在，一个国际科学家团队已经确定了这些月球岩石的年龄，接近19.7亿岁。文章介绍了这些样本对研究月球表面年龄的意义。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“A lunar probe launched by the Chinese space agency recently brought back the first fresh samples of rock from the moon in more than 40 years. Now an international team of scientists has determined the age of these moon rocks at close to 1.97 billion years old.(中国航天局发射的月球探测器最近带回了40多年来首次从月球上采集的新鲜岩石样本。现在，一个国际科学家团队已经确定了这些月球岩石的年龄，接近19.7亿岁)”可推知，第一段的作用是简要介绍文章的话题——月岩样本的相关内容。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Jolliff is a U.S.-based co-author of an analysis of the new moon rocks led by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, published Oct. 7 in the journal Science.(10月7日，中国地质科学院在《科学》杂志上发表了对新月岩石的分析，乔利夫是美国的合著者)”可知，新月岩石分析的结果被公开了。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“And all of the young impact craters whose ages have been determined from the analysis of samples are younger than 1 billion years.(而所有根据样本分析确定年龄的年轻陨石坑的年龄都在10亿年以下。)”以及倒数第二段中“Scientists have taken advantage of the moon’s lasting craters to develop methods of estimating the ages of different regions on its surface.(科学家们利用月球上持久存在的陨石坑，开发出了估计月球表面不同区域年龄的方法)”可知，科学家通过研究月球表面的样本来确定月球表面的准确年龄。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A lunar probe launched by the Chinese space agency recently brought back the first fresh samples of rock from the moon in more than 40 years. Now an international team of scientists has determined the age of these moon rocks at close to 1.97 billion years old.(中国航天局发射的月球探测器最近带回了40多年来首次从月球上采集的新鲜岩石样本。现在，一个国际科学家团队已经确定了这些月球岩石的年龄，接近19.7亿岁)”结合文章还介绍了这些样本对研究月球表面年龄的意义。可知，A选项“嫦娥五号样本揭示了月球岩石的关键年龄”最符合文章标题。故选A。
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要给读者介绍了四处可以尽情玩乐的地方。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park下的PopUp Picnics in the park return for the fourth summer in a row, taking place on Thursdays. (PopUp Picnics已经连续举行四个夏天了，时间是周四) 可知PopUp Picnics是周四举行。B. It is held on Thursdays. (它在周四举行) 符合以上说法，故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章The Crow's Nest下的After the sun sets, the fun begins with dancing to the best live music of local bands.(日落之后，狂欢开始了，跟着当地乐队的音乐起舞)可知人们可以在The Crow's Nest欣赏到乐队的表演。D. Watch the performance of the bands.(观看乐队表演) 符合以上说法，故选D项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Chaminade Resort & Spa 下的Tickets can be gotten online(票可以在网上购得) 可知Chaminade Resort & Spa.的票可以在网上购买。故选C项。
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲Craig Blackburn为了实现儿子的愿望，在朋友的帮助下建造了一辆蝙蝠车的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Craig Blackburn, a father and car fan, built a Batmobile for his son’s hope for using the vehicle to brighten the lives of sick children.”可知，raig Blackburn为了实现他儿子想用蝙蝠车来点亮患病儿童生活的生活这一希望才制造的蝙蝠车。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Based on the number of failures he had seen in car groups, he estimated that only about one in 50 attempted constructions was actually finished and he realized what an incredible opportunity he had.”可知，根据他在车队中看到的失败次数，他估计50次尝试中只有一次真正完成，他不知道自己能有多大的机会成功。由此可推知，他对于建造蝙蝠车是不确定的。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“It started with importing an outer shell overseas, before picking brains of a friend who had a background as a worker in a car factory to gain knowledge of how to build the car.(一开始是从国外进口一件外壳，然后向一位有汽车厂工作背景的朋友请教如何制造汽车。)”可知，他的朋友是通过分享制造汽车的知识帮助他的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容“As a result, the car lovers hope to make the car work on the roads as soon as possible”可知，爱车人士希望这辆蝙蝠车能尽快上路。故选A项。
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上的一些国家和地区严重缺水的原因、影响和可能的解决办法。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water.可知，世界，上四分之一的人生活在水资源短缺的环境中。由此可知，世界上四分之一的人口生活在水资源短缺之中。故选A。
【29题详解】
段落大意题。根据第三段Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发)from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.可知气候变化增加了水资源短缺的风险。降雨量也不稳定。供水变得不那么可靠了。天气越来越热。更多的水从湖泊和河流蒸发，即使对水的需求增加。到2030年，处于高压力状态的城市数量可能会上升到45个，包括近4.7亿人口。由此可知，第三段主要内容是气候变化使得水资源短缺问题更加严重。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米).可知，农民可以通过种植需水量较少的作物，来代替需水量大的作物，以应对水资源短缺问题。由此可知，农民们能通过种植耗水量少的作物，来解决水资源短缺的问题。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.可知他们正在寻找鼓励人们、工厂和农民减少用水的方法。由此可推知，文章接下来会讨论如何鼓励人们节约水资源。故选B。
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项研究表明早餐前喝咖啡会对血糖控制和新陈代谢产生负面影响。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In the study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, UK researchers let 29 healthy men and women take part in three different overnight experiments.（在这项发表在《英国营养学杂志》上的研究中，英国研究人员让29名健康男女参加了三个不同的夜间实验。）”和第三段“Results showed that one night of disrupted sleep did not worsen the participants’ blood sugar responses at breakfast when compared to a normal night of sleep. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast increased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.（结果显示，与正常睡眠相比，一晚的睡眠中断并没有恶化参与者早餐时的血糖反应。然而，早餐前饮用浓黑咖啡会使血糖反应增加50%左右。）”可知，研究人员是通过三个不同的实验并且对比试验结果来得出研究结论的。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast increased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.（然而，早餐前饮用浓黑咖啡会使血糖反应增加50%左右。）”和第四段“Examining the effects of broken sleep and morning coffee across a range of different metabolic markers, scientists at the University of Bath found that, while one night of poor sleep had a limited effect on metabolism, drinking coffee before breakfast could have a negative effect on blood sugar control.（巴斯大学研究者发现，睡眠和晨间咖啡对不同代谢指标的影响，尽管一晚睡眠不佳对新陈代谢的影响有限，但早餐前喝咖啡会对血糖控制产生负面影响。）”可知，研究表明，早餐前饮用浓黑咖啡会使血糖反应增加50%左右，所以可以推断不同时候喝咖啡对健康有不同的影响。故选D项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段James Betts的讲述“As up to now we have had limited knowledge about what this is doing to our bodies, in particular for our metabolic and blood sugar control, so we have a long way to go.（到目前为止，我们对早餐前喝咖啡对我们身体的影响有着有限的了解，特别是对于我们的新陈代谢和血糖控制，所以我们还有很长的路要走。）”可知，James Betts认为对于早餐前喝咖啡对我们的新陈代谢和血糖控制的研究还有很长的路要走，也就是有待继续研究。故选B项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study suggests drinking coffee as soon as someone wakes up from a poor night’s sleep greatly affects metabolism(新陈代谢) and blood sugar control.（一项新的研究表明，一个人从糟糕的睡眠中醒来就喝咖啡会极大地影响新陈代谢和血糖控制。）”和第四段“Examining the effects of broken sleep and morning coffee across a range of different metabolic markers, scientists at the University of Bath found that, while one night of poor sleep had a limited effect on metabolism, drinking coffee before breakfast could have a negative effect on blood sugar control.（巴斯大学研究者发现，睡眠和晨间咖啡对不同代谢指标的影响，尽管一晚睡眠不佳对新陈代谢的影响有限，但早餐前喝咖啡会对血糖控制产生负面影响。）”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述研究表明早餐前喝咖啡会对血糖控制和新陈代谢产生负面影响。所以D选项“Drinking Coffee before Breakfast Harms Metabolism（早餐前喝咖啡有害新陈代谢）”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国的原著居民纳瓦霍人在多年的等待后，终于有了电，大家都很开心，并期待可以便利使用水和网络。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的When they get up in the middle of the night to use the restroom, they have a flashlight to go to the outhouse.(当他们半夜起来上厕所时，他们可以打着手电筒到外面去)可知，在过去，Billie 的孩子需要手电筒是因为需要在晚上照明。C. They needed them to light up late at night(他们需要它们来照亮夜晚)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的Billie, her husband and their five kids live in a tiny, one-room cottage built with wood and mud, which is a traditional Navajo home. Their three sheep are on the green grass that carpets the rolling hills of Dilkon, (Billie，她的丈夫和他们的五个孩子住在一间用木头和泥土建造的一居室小屋里，这是传统的纳瓦霍家庭。他们的三只羊躺在铺满起伏山丘的绿草地上)可知，Billie和家人过着环保，但贫穷的生活。A. The Billies lead a green but poor life.( Billie一家过着环保，但贫穷的生活)符合以上说法，故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的''My two boys, they have really bad allergies and they have asthma(哮喘), so sometimes they need the sprayer. '' Billie says. ''So we usually go to their grandma's house, travel in the middle of the night over there back and forth. ''(Billie说：“我的两个孩子，他们有非常严重的过敏和哮喘，所有有时他们需要喷雾器。因此我们通常会在半夜去他们奶奶家，来回奔波。”)可知，Billie 去她妈妈的家寻找电源，给孩子治病。D. By going to her mum's house.(去她妈妈的家)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段的The Billies are not alone. About 10% of Navajos on the reservation live without electricity.可知，比利家并不是唯一的。大约10%的纳瓦霍人生活在没有电的环境中。由此推测划线部分的意思是：还有更多的纳瓦霍人因为没有电，遭受了很多不便。B. More Navajos suffer greatly from no electricity.(更多的纳瓦霍人，因没有电，而遭受巨大的痛苦)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据的主要内容，尤其倒数第二段的'It's so exciting to finally have electricity here after so many years without it, '' Billie says. ''My kids are going to be so happy. They keep asking every day… They go 'Mum, we're going to have light! We're going to finally have light! '''(“在这么多年没有电的情况下，这里终于有了电，这太令人兴奋了。” Billie说“我们的孩子也会非常高兴，他们每天都在问。他们说：‘妈妈，我们终于要有电了！我们终于要有电了’”) 和最后一段的Now the family will wait and pray for running water and the Internet. (现在，这个家庭将等待和祈祷自来水和因特网)可知，本文主要讲述了美国的原著居民纳瓦霍人在多年的等待后，终于有了电，大家都很开心，并期待可以便利使用水和网络。C. Electricity Bringing Hope(电带来希望)可以作为本文标题，故选C项。
【答案】6. A 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了释放气球对野生动物和海洋动物造成的危害。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“They can bring harm to wildlife simply because they are colorful and bright, so wildlife might think they are delicious food, and their bodies can get caught by the strings, thus making it difficult for them to swim or breathe.”（它们可以给野生动物带来伤害，仅仅因为它们是丰富多彩的和明亮的，所以野生动物可能认为它们是美味的食物，它们的身体会被线缠住，从而使它们很难游泳或呼吸）可知，气球是色彩鲜艳的，野生动物误以为它们是美味的食物，所以吃掉了它们。故选A项。
【7题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后句子“saying that balloon pieces and strings are dangerous to wildlife.”可知，这些环保团体认为气球碎片和绳子对野生动物很危险。根据他们的语言可以推断出他们是不支持释放气球的行为的，即希望这种行为被禁止，banned意为“禁止”。故选C项。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“They have discovered that soft plastics are more likely than hard plastics to cause barriers in seabirds’ gastrointestinal tracts (胃肠道).”（他们发现软塑料比硬塑料更容易在海鸟的胃肠道中造成障碍）可知，研究员们发现，软塑料对于海鸟的伤害比硬塑料更大。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“If seabirds eat plastics, their risk of death increases, and even a single piece can be deadly”可知，Lauren Roman认为，如果海鸟吃了塑料，它们死亡的风险就会增加，即使一块碎片也可能是致命的。根据Lauren Roman的话，可以推断出她认为塑料制品对海鸟的伤害很大，而释放气球就会产生塑料垃圾，进而推断出她认为释放气球的行为对海鸟的伤害也是很大的。故选D项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。浏览全文，根据文章第三段中研究员的研究发现和第四段中Lauren Roman的研究发现可知，文章讲述了释放气球对野生动物和海洋动物是有很大危害的。根据第二段关键句“For years, many environmental groups have pushed for mass balloon releases to be inhibited, saying that balloon pieces and strings are dangerous to wildlife.”可知，为了野生动物的安全，许多环保团体认为释放气球的行为应该被禁止。综上所述，可推断出文章通过列举调查研究的结果告诉我们，为什么人们应该停止释放气球。故选B项。
【点睛】主旨大意题的解题方法：浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。例如本篇文章中的第四小题，要求判断文章的主要内容。首先，浏览全文，把握主旨。根据文章第三段中研究员的研究发现和第四段中Lauren Roman的研究发现可知，文章讲述了释放气球对野生动物和海洋动物是有很大危害的。再浏览全文，抓住关键字眼。根据第二段关键句“For years, many environmental groups have pushed for mass balloon releases to be inhibited, saying that balloon pieces and strings are dangerous to wildlife.”可知，为了野生动物的安全，许多环保团体认为释放气球的行为应该被禁止。综上所述，可推断出文章通过列举调查研究的结果告诉我们为什么人们应该停止释放气球。故选B项。
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
All around the world, some civilizations built new cities on top of ancient ruins. The presence of ancient ruins in a city not only adds reputation but also increases the economy. Here are four modern cities built on ancient ruins.
Luxor, Egypt
Luxor is a modern city situated on the east bank of the Nile River in southern Egypt. During the 16―14 centuries B.C., this city was called Thebes. Large temples, royal tombs and the Valley of the Kings are situated around this area in Egypt.
Mexico City, Mexico
The Nahua Aztec found Mexico City around 1325 and it became the capital of an advanced growing empire (帝国). Temple Mayor is one of the last surviving ruins dating back to the pre-Columbian Aztec empire. Making handicrafts (手工艺品) in ancient ways attracts visitors there.
Seoul, Korea
Seoul is currently the largest city in South Korea, whose history goes back almost 2,000 years. While Seoul is considered a very modern city, the ancient city wall can still be found in its very center. Historians believe that the wall dated back to the early 1300s and was built to protect Seoul from attackers.
Kyoto, Japan
Kyoto is known as one of Japan’s oldest and most historically significant cities. It is believed that Kyoto was founded around 794 A.D. and was the capital of Japan until 1868. For a thousand years the city remained faithful to its roots and became famous for its classical Buddhist temples, gardens and royal palaces.
1. Which city has the longest history
A. Luxor, Egypt. B. Mexico City, Mexico.
C. Seoul, Korea. D. Kyoto, Japan.
2. What can we know about Seoul, Korea
A. It’s the oldest city in South Korea. B. It has temples and royal palaces.
C. It has an ancient defensive wall. D. It was the capital of an ancient empire.
3. What can you do in Kyoto, Japan
A. Travel in the valley. B. See Buddhist temples.
C. Experience making handicrafts. D. Visit royal tombs.
B
Evenings With Dad
Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.
Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night he would smile, hand me the comb and say: “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK ”
I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.
Now 28, I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on.
Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.
It was a new comb. This one was brown. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before.
4. How did the author feel about her earliest memories with her Dad
A. Moved. B. Cheerful. C. Challenging. D. Tired.
5. The reason why Dad started his own business was most probably that ________.
A. he lost his job and had to make a living
B. he was eager to get a sense of achievement
C. he hoped to earn a better life for the family
D. he wanted to protect his life from getting shaky
6. From the passage we know that the author’s Dad was ________.
A. kind to the colleagues B. confident in his work
C. strict with his daughter D. responsible for his family
7. The author shared her story with her Dad because ________.
A. she intended to remember their happy time
B. she took pride in helping her father clean the combs
C. she was grateful for what her father had done for the family
D. she wanted others to draw a lesson from her personal experience
C
Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.
Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices. Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician’s success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.
Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying another object that has not been cut or burned.
8. Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick
A. Moving stage equipment. B. Keeping the performance in secret.
C. Applying high technology. D. Directing the audience’s attention.
9. What does the underlined word “employing” mean in paragraph 3
A. Hiring. B. Using. C. Engaging. D. Moving.
10. How does the author develop the last two paragraphs
A. By explaining a concept. B. By making a summary.
C. By drawing comparisons. D. By providing examples.
11. What’s the passage mainly about
A. The secrets behind the art of magic. B. The ways to be magicians.
C. The attractions of the magic show. D. The talents of magicians.
D
A lunar probe launched by the Chinese space agency recently brought back the first fresh samples of rock from the moon in more than 40 years. Now an international team of scientists has determined the age of these moon rocks at close to 1.97 billion years old.
“It is the perfect sample to close a 2-billion-year gap,” said Jolliff, the Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Jolliff is a U.S.-based co-author of an analysis of the new moon rocks led by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, published Oct. 7 in the journal Science. The age determination is among the first scientific results reported from the successful Chang’e-5 mission, which was designed to collect and return rocks to the Earth from some of the youngest volcanic surfaces on the moon.
“Of course, ‘young’ is relative,” Jolliff said. “All of the volcanic rocks collected by Apollo were older than 3 billion years. And all of the young impact craters whose ages have been determined from the analysis of samples are younger than 1 billion years. So the Chang’e-5 samples fill a critical gap.”
The gap that Jolliff references is important not only for studying the moon, but also for studying other rocky planets in the solar system.
As a planetary body, the moon is about 4.5 billion years old, almost as old as the Earth. But unlike the Earth, the moon doesn’t have mountain-building processes that tend to erase craters over the years. Scientists have taken advantage of the moon’s lasting craters to develop methods of estimating the ages of different regions on its surface.
“Planetary scientists know that the more craters on a surface, the older it is; the fewer craters, the younger the surface. That’s a nice relative determination,” Jolliff said. “But to put absolute age dates on that, one has to have samples from those surfaces.”
12. What function does paragraph 1 play
A. Briefly introducing the text. B. Introducing the Chang’e-5 mission.
C. Motivating readers to read the text. D. Analyzing the reasons for the study.
13. What can we know from paragraph 2
A. The analysis of the new moon rocks was organized by America.
B. The result of the new moon rock analysis was made public.
C. Chang’e-5 mission is to collect all moon rocks.
D. The new moon rocks are 3 billion years old.
14. How do scientists determine the accurate age of the moon surface
A. By analyzing rocky planets. B. By seeing the photos of the moon surface.
C. By calculating the number of the craters. D. By studying the samples from the moon surface.
15. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Chang’e-5 Samples Uncover Key Age of the Moon Rocks
B. Chang’e-5 Completed Its Tasks Successfully
C. The Age of the Young Moon Craters was Determined
D. China and America Worked Together Successfully
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Don’t know where to enjoy yourself Here are some choices for you.
Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park
PopUp Picnics in the park return for the fourth summer in a row, taking place on Thursdays. Take a break to enjoy tacos (墨西哥玉米薄饼卷). Prices change from $ 2 to $ 10. Cash only.
144 School Street June 13-August 15 Start at 11:30 am and end at 1:30 pm
The Crow’s Nest
Each summer on Thursday evenings the Crow’s Nest offers its Summer Beach Party series on the beach. The party starts at 5:30 pm each week and goes until sunset. Families are welcome, and there is no entrance fee. After the sun sets, the fun begins with dancing to the best live music of local bands.
2218 East Cliff Drive May 30-August 29 Start at 5:30 pm and end at 8:30 pm
Bargetto Winery
Join us for a beautiful weekend of art and wine. Bargetto Winery will be hosting their yearly gathering of artists and foodies（美食家）at their amazing Soquel winery. No entrance fee. Wine tasting with purchase of $ 15 festival glass. 3535 North Main Street
July 20 - July 21 Start at 11:00 am and end at 5:00 pm
Chaminade Resort & Spa
Chef Page takes guests on a journey showing the area rich fruits, vegetables, and meats. Dinner begins at 6:30 pm with a five-course menu and good wines. Seating booked is not a choice, as all guests are seated at large, connecting, beautifully set tables designed to invite open conversations among guests. Ticket price: $ 90 per person. Tickets can be gotten online.
Chaminade Lane July 26 Start at 6:00 pm and end at 9:00 pm
21. What can we know about PopUp Picnics in the park
A. It lasts two days. B. It is held on Thursdays.
C. It has been held twice. D. It can be paid in credit card.
22. What can people do in the Crow’s Nest
A. Enjoy tacos. B. Talk with artists and foodies.
C. Watch the sunrise on the beach. D. Watch the performance of the bands.
23. Which activity can be booked on the Internet
A. The Crow's Nest. B. Bargetto Winery.
C. Chaminade Resort & Spa. D. Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park.
B
Craig Blackburn, a father and car fan, built a Batmobile for his son’s hope for using the vehicle to brighten the lives of sick children. And now he hopes to use it for more than just his sons hope after seeing the childrens reaction to the Batmobile.
Based on the number of failures he had seen in car groups, he estimated that only about one in 50 attempted constructions was actually finished and he realized what an incredible opportunity he had.
Mr. Blackburn started the project at the beginning of 2018 after hearing a friend in the US was doing the same thing. It started with importing an outer shell overseas, before picking brains of a friend who had a background as a worker in a car factory to gain knowledge of how to build the car. With the help of his friend, Mr. Blackburn built the Batmobile in 18 months with the cost reaching six figures.
Mr.Blackburn hoped to add a flamethrower(喷火器)onto the back of the vehicle and said he had thought about building the more recent Batman Tumbler from the series film Dark Knight. Though Mr. Blackburn encountered plenty of difficulties to get over during the construction, in September 2019, the car made its first show at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba, before being used by Blackburn’s son for his hope.
“It was great. It was so good to see the kids’ and adults’ excitement at seeing the Batmobile.” Mr. Blackburn said. As a result, the car lovers hope to make the car work on the roads as soon as possible, so he can visit sick children and take them out with his son.
24. What is Craig Blackburn’s initial purpose of making the Batmobile
A. To realize his son’s dream.
B. To donate it to sick children.
C. To pay his respects to the film Dark Knight.
D. To show off at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba.
25. How did Blackburn feel about the car-making at first
A. Hopeful. B. Confused. C. Impossible. D. Unsure.
26. How did Blackburn’s friend help him
A. By making an outer shell for him.
B. By offering him financial support.
C. By sharing the knowledge of building cars.
D. By telling him the background of the car factory.
27. What is the car lovers’ expectation of the Batmobile
A. It will be driven soon on the roads.
B. It can be displayed around the world.
C. It can change the lives of sick children.
D. It will appear in the next film about Batman.
C
Water keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.
About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced nay Zero-the day when all its dams would he dry.
Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发)from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.
All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.
To address this issue, what can be done First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米).
Experts are looking at ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking at ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.
28. What can we know from Paragraph 2
A. A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.
B. Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.
C. Underground water should he used to meet the water demand.
D. Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.
29. What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A. Rainfall is not as steady as before. B. Climate change may lead to water shortages.
C. The water supply relies more on rainfall. D. Hotter weather changes the water demand.
30. What can farmers do to deal with water shortage
A. Plug leaks in the water distribution system. B. Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.
C. Reduce the number of people in the cities. D. Grow less-water consumption crops instead.
31. What will be discussed if the passage continues
A. How to prevent from climate change. B. How to inspire people to save water.
C. How to recycle wastewater in cities. D. How to make people get access to clean water.
D
A new study suggests drinking coffee as soon as someone wakes up from a poor night’s sleep greatly affects metabolism(新陈代谢) and blood sugar control.
In the study published in the British Journal of Nutrition, UK researchers let 29 healthy men and women take part in three different overnight experiments. In the first two scenes, participants were given a sugary drink upon waking—first from a normal night’s sleep, and then again after a poor night’s sleep during which they were woken up for five minutes every hour. In the third, their sleep was similarly disrupted, but they were given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.
Blood samples from participants were taken following the sugary drink, which mirrored the calories of a typical breakfast, in each experiment. Results showed that one night of disrupted sleep did not worsen the participants’ blood sugar responses at breakfast when compared to a normal night of sleep. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast increased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.
By drinking such kind of drink after breakfast, UK researchers found that our bodies’ ability to break down our food healthily is completely improved. Examining the effects of broken sleep and morning coffee across a range of different metabolic markers, scientists at the University of Bath found that, while one night of poor sleep had a limited effect on metabolism, drinking coffee before breakfast could have a negative effect on blood sugar control.
“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and, before doing anything else, drink coffee—the more tired we feel, the stronger the coffee is. This simple study is important and has far-reaching health influences, and it indeed moves some coffee drinkers’ heartstrings. As up to now we have had limited knowledge about what this is doing to our bodies, in particular for our metabolic and blood sugar control, so we have a long way to go.” said Professor James Betts, co-director of the Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism at the University of Bath.
32. How did UK researchers get the result of the experiment
A. By making comparisons. B. By consulting journals.
C. By questionnaire. D. By assumption.
33. What can we learn from the experiment
A. One night of poor sleep surely affects blood sugar.
B. Drinking coffee after breakfast does harm to health.
C. Having strong drinks has a good effect on metabolism.
D. Drinking coffee at different time has different effects on health.
34. What does James Betts think of the study
A. It makes no sense. B. It remains to be continued.
C. It is limited and blind. D. It is particular and explicit.
35. What can be the best title for the text
A. How Much Coffee to Drink Matters
B. Does Coffee Really Wake Up an Appetite
C. How Does Drinking Coffee Affect One’s Sleep
D. Drinking Coffee before Breakfast Harms Metabolism
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Nelda Billie has been waiting to turn on lights in her home for 15 years. ''We've been living off those oil lanterns,'' she says. ''Now we don't have to have flashlights everywhere. All the kids have a flashlight. When they get up in the middle of the night to use the restroom, they have a flashlight to go to the outhouse. ''
Billie, her husband and their five kids live in a tiny, one-room cottage built with wood and mud, which is a traditional Navajo home. Their three sheep are on the green grass that carpets the rolling hills of Dilkon, Ariz., on the Navajo Nation, the largest Native American reservation in the US. They watch two men in a cherry picker hook the last power line to their home.
Billie says they've gone through too many electrical machines to count. ''My two boys, they have really bad allergies and they have asthma(哮喘), so sometimes they need the sprayer. '' Billie says. ''So we usually go to their grandma's house, travel in the middle of the night over there back and forth. ''
The Billies are not alone. About 10% of Navajos on the reservation live without electricity. And as much as 40% of them have to haul their water far away and use outhouses. A poll(民意调查) of Native Americans conducted by NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health found that more than a quarter of Native Americans have experienced problems with electricity, the Internet and with the safety of their drinking water.
Outside the Billies' home, the couple waits patiently for the workers to finish the job. Finally, after waiting for so long, the Billies watch the foreman turn on the meter behind their house and close the cover. Nelda then runs inside to open the switch. ''It's so exciting to finally have electricity here after so many years without it, '' Billie says. ''My kids are going to be so happy. They keep asking every day… They go, 'Mum, we're going to have light! We're going to finally have light! '''
Now the family will wait and pray for running water and the Internet.
1. Why did Billie's children have flashlights in the past
A. They used them as toys.
B. They wanted to save electricity.
C. They needed them to light up late at night
D. They prepared these for going to grandma's house.
2. What can we learn from paragraph 2
A. The Billies lead a green but poor life.
B. Electricity can bring about great changes.
C. The situation of Native Americans is serious.
D. There is an urgent need for electricity in Billie's house.
3. How does Billie often find electricity to treat her children's illness
A. By walking a long way to a friend.
B. By producing electricity herself.
C. By inviting workers to her house.
D. By going to her mum's house.
4. What does the underlined sentence ''The Billies are not alone ''imply in paragraph 4
A. The Billies live far from cities but never feel lonely.
B. More Navajos suffer greatly from no electricity.
C. Only 10%of Navajos live without safe drinking water.
D. A quarter of Navajos have experienced problems with electricity.
5. What is the best title for the text
A. The Disappearing Oil Lanterns B. Poor People's Bright Future
C. Electricity Bringing Hope D. Power Lines Construction
B
Birthday parties and graduations are occasions when people celebrate with balloons, often releasing (释放) them into the sky happily. But what happens to those plastic balloons once they become flat Where do they end up
For years, many environmental groups have pushed for mass balloon releases to be inhibited, saying that balloon pieces and strings are dangerous to wildlife. “They can bring harm to wildlife simply because they are colorful and bright, so wildlife might think they are delicious food, and their bodies can get caught by the strings, thus making it difficult for them to swim or breathe.” Emma Tonge, communications and outreach specialist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, told USA Today. Yet releases still happen.
Researchers in Australia analyzed the effects that soft plastics like balloons have on seabirds. They have discovered that soft plastics are more likely than hard plastics to cause barriers in seabirds’ gastrointestinal tracts (胃肠道). Of the birds examined, nearly one out of five died as a result of swallowing a balloon or balloon pieces.
“If seabirds eat plastics, their risk of death increases, and even a single piece can be deadly,” wrote lead study author Lauren Roman, PhD student at University of Tasmania. “The evidence is clear that if we want to stop seabirds from dying from plastic ingestion (吸入) we need to reduce or remove marine debris (海洋垃圾) from their environment, particularly balloons.”
Balloons Blow, a nonprofit organization, is devoted to educating people about the dangers released balloons can have on animals, people and the environment. The group points out that all released balloons return to the ground as litter. Animals like birds, whales and sea turtles can die after swallowing balloons.
6. Why does wildlife eat balloon pieces
A. They mistake them for delicious food. B. They eat anything for lack of food.
C. They feel like eating bright things. D. They suck them just for pleasure.
7. What does the underlined word“inhibited”in paragraph 2 most probably mean
A. objected B. adjusted C. banned D. governed
8. What can we infer from the researchers’analysis in paragraph 3
A. Seabirds are forced to swallow balloons.
B. Balloons mainly determine seabirds’survival.
C. Soft plastics are worse than hard ones for seabirds.
D. Seabirds are more sensitive to hard plastics.
9. What is Lauren Roman’s idea on the released balloons
A. They have bad effects on all the birds. B. They are harmless in small pieces.
C. They are major damage to people. D. They do great harm to seabirds.
10. What is the text mainly about
A. What released balloons bring to the ocean.
B. Why people should stop releasing balloons.
C. When action will be taken to protect wildlife.
D. How released balloons can be finally reduced.
答案：
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四座建立在古代遗迹上的现代城市。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“During the 16―14 centuries B.C., this city was called Thebes.(在公元前16-14世纪，这座城市被称为底比斯)”、第三段“The Nahua Aztec found Mexico City around 1325 (纳华阿兹特克人在1325年左右发现了墨西哥城)”、第四段“Seoul is currently the largest city in South Korea, whose history goes back almost 2,000 years.(首尔目前是韩国最大的城市，其历史可以追溯到近2000年前)”以及最后一段“It is believed that Kyoto was founded around 794 A.D. (据信京都建于公元794年左右)”可知，被称为底比斯的卢克索至今已经拥有3000多年的历史，墨西哥城有近700年的历史，首尔有近2000年的历史，京都有1000多年的历史，所以埃及的卢克索拥有最长的历史。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Historians believe that the wall dated back to the early 1300s and was built to protect Seoul from attackers. (历史学家认为，这堵墙可以追溯到14世纪初，是为了保护首尔免受袭击而修建的)”可知，韩国首尔有一堵古老的防御墙。故选C项。
3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“For a thousand years, the city remained faithful to its roots and became famous for its classical Buddhist temples, gardens and royal palaces.(一千年来，这座城市忠实于自己的根基，并以其古典佛教寺庙、花园和皇家宫殿而闻名)”可知，人们可以在京都参观佛教寺院。故选B项。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文以一把梳子为线索，讲解了我在成长过程中与爸爸的相处，父子关系之间的变化，最终理解了父亲。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. (我非常乐意这么做。在五岁的时候，这种任务给我带来了如此多的快乐)”可知，作者小时候与父亲的相处是非常愉快的。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky.( 爸爸的生意不太好，我们稳定的生活开始动摇)”以及“Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble (他为什么不听妈妈的话，继续干他原来的工作呢 为什么要冒险让整个家庭陷入麻烦呢 )”可知，因为爸爸的工作，我们之前的生活是稳定的，后来爸爸想要让家庭生活变得更好，因此辞职创业。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to.( 爸爸的生意不太好，我们稳定的生活开始动摇。他不像以前那样经常回家了)”可知，由于爸爸辛勤的工作，我们之前的生活很稳定，而且爸爸经常回家陪伴家人。由此可知，爸爸是一个对家庭负责的人。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before.( 当他微笑的时候，他的眼睛旁边有皱纹，但他的微笑仍然像以前一样温暖)”可知，父亲经过多年的打拼而显得苍老，但仍然温暖从容，因此我对父亲的付出很感恩。故选C。
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过事例揭示了魔术背后秘密。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段后三句“The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician’s success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.(魔术师必须防止人们注意到他手上所有动作，以及思考魔术道具的秘密部分。他还必须引导观众得出错误的结论。魔术师的成功取决于这样一个事实：许多肉眼看到的都不是重要的)”可知，魔术师最重要的是要引导观众的注意力。故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句的后一句“While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand.(在这样做的同时，他与观众交谈，并用一只手挥舞着一块色彩鲜艳的布)”可知，魔术师要通过手的动作来完成魔术，由此可推知，划线词employing与“using”同义，表示“使用”。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.(两个基本的魔术是让物体凭空出现或消失)”及倒数第一段第一句“Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again.(另一个最受欢迎的魔术是切断或燃烧某物，然后再让它变完整)”可知，这两段都是通过举例子的方式展开叙述的。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.(魔术是一种娱乐方式，基于假装做一些不可能的事)”对魔术的概述，结合后文列举例子详细揭示魔术的过程可知，本文主要揭示了魔术背后的秘密。故选A。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国航天局发射的月球探测器最近带回了40多年来首次从月球上采集的新鲜岩石样本。 现在，一个国际科学家团队已经确定了这些月球岩石的年龄，接近19.7亿岁。文章介绍了这些样本对研究月球表面年龄的意义。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“A lunar probe launched by the Chinese space agency recently brought back the first fresh samples of rock from the moon in more than 40 years. Now an international team of scientists has determined the age of these moon rocks at close to 1.97 billion years old.(中国航天局发射的月球探测器最近带回了40多年来首次从月球上采集的新鲜岩石样本。现在，一个国际科学家团队已经确定了这些月球岩石的年龄，接近19.7亿岁)”可推知，第一段的作用是简要介绍文章的话题——月岩样本的相关内容。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Jolliff is a U.S.-based co-author of an analysis of the new moon rocks led by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, published Oct. 7 in the journal Science.(10月7日，中国地质科学院在《科学》杂志上发表了对新月岩石的分析，乔利夫是美国的合著者)”可知，新月岩石分析的结果被公开了。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“And all of the young impact craters whose ages have been determined from the analysis of samples are younger than 1 billion years.(而所有根据样本分析确定年龄的年轻陨石坑的年龄都在10亿年以下。)”以及倒数第二段中“Scientists have taken advantage of the moon’s lasting craters to develop methods of estimating the ages of different regions on its surface.(科学家们利用月球上持久存在的陨石坑，开发出了估计月球表面不同区域年龄的方法)”可知，科学家通过研究月球表面的样本来确定月球表面的准确年龄。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A lunar probe launched by the Chinese space agency recently brought back the first fresh samples of rock from the moon in more than 40 years. Now an international team of scientists has determined the age of these moon rocks at close to 1.97 billion years old.(中国航天局发射的月球探测器最近带回了40多年来首次从月球上采集的新鲜岩石样本。现在，一个国际科学家团队已经确定了这些月球岩石的年龄，接近19.7亿岁)”结合文章还介绍了这些样本对研究月球表面年龄的意义。可知，A选项“嫦娥五号样本揭示了月球岩石的关键年龄”最符合文章标题。故选A。
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要给读者介绍了四处可以尽情玩乐的地方。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park下的PopUp Picnics in the park return for the fourth summer in a row, taking place on Thursdays. (PopUp Picnics已经连续举行四个夏天了，时间是周四) 可知PopUp Picnics是周四举行。B. It is held on Thursdays. (它在周四举行) 符合以上说法，故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章The Crow's Nest下的After the sun sets, the fun begins with dancing to the best live music of local bands.(日落之后，狂欢开始了，跟着当地乐队的音乐起舞)可知人们可以在The Crow's Nest欣赏到乐队的表演。D. Watch the performance of the bands.(观看乐队表演) 符合以上说法，故选D项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Chaminade Resort & Spa 下的Tickets can be gotten online(票可以在网上购得) 可知Chaminade Resort & Spa.的票可以在网上购买。故选C项。
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲Craig Blackburn为了实现儿子的愿望，在朋友的帮助下建造了一辆蝙蝠车的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Craig Blackburn, a father and car fan, built a Batmobile for his son’s hope for using the vehicle to brighten the lives of sick children.”可知，raig Blackburn为了实现他儿子想用蝙蝠车来点亮患病儿童生活的生活这一希望才制造的蝙蝠车。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Based on the number of failures he had seen in car groups, he estimated that only about one in 50 attempted constructions was actually finished and he realized what an incredible opportunity he had.”可知，根据他在车队中看到的失败次数，他估计50次尝试中只有一次真正完成，他不知道自己能有多大的机会成功。由此可推知，他对于建造蝙蝠车是不确定的。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“It started with importing an outer shell overseas, before picking brains of a friend who had a background as a worker in a car factory to gain knowledge of how to build the car.(一开始是从国外进口一件外壳，然后向一位有汽车厂工作背景的朋友请教如何制造汽车。)”可知，他的朋友是通过分享制造汽车的知识帮助他的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容“As a result, the car lovers hope to make the car work on the roads as soon as possible”可知，爱车人士希望这辆蝙蝠车能尽快上路。故选A项。
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上的一些国家和地区严重缺水的原因、影响和可能的解决办法。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water.可知，世界，上四分之一的人生活在水资源短缺的环境中。由此可知，世界上四分之一的人口生活在水资源短缺之中。故选A。
【29题详解】
段落大意题。根据第三段Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发)from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.可知气候变化增加了水资源短缺的风险。降雨量也不稳定。供水变得不那么可靠了。天气越来越热。更多的水从湖泊和河流蒸发，即使对水的需求增加。到2030年，处于高压力状态的城市数量可能会上升到45个，包括近4.7亿人口。由此可知，第三段主要内容是气候变化使得水资源短缺问题更加严重。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米).可知，农民可以通过种植需水量较少的作物，来代替需水量大的作物，以应对水资源短缺问题。由此可知，农民们能通过种植耗水量少的作物，来解决水资源短缺的问题。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.可知他们正在寻找鼓励人们、工厂和农民减少用水的方法。由此可推知，文章接下来会讨论如何鼓励人们节约水资源。故选B。
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项研究表明早餐前喝咖啡会对血糖控制和新陈代谢产生负面影响。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In the study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, UK researchers let 29 healthy men and women take part in three different overnight experiments.（在这项发表在《英国营养学杂志》上的研究中，英国研究人员让29名健康男女参加了三个不同的夜间实验。）”和第三段“Results showed that one night of disrupted sleep did not worsen the participants’ blood sugar responses at breakfast when compared to a normal night of sleep. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast increased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.（结果显示，与正常睡眠相比，一晚的睡眠中断并没有恶化参与者早餐时的血糖反应。然而，早餐前饮用浓黑咖啡会使血糖反应增加50%左右。）”可知，研究人员是通过三个不同的实验并且对比试验结果来得出研究结论的。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast increased the blood sugar response by around 50 percent.（然而，早餐前饮用浓黑咖啡会使血糖反应增加50%左右。）”和第四段“Examining the effects of broken sleep and morning coffee across a range of different metabolic markers, scientists at the University of Bath found that, while one night of poor sleep had a limited effect on metabolism, drinking coffee before breakfast could have a negative effect on blood sugar control.（巴斯大学研究者发现，睡眠和晨间咖啡对不同代谢指标的影响，尽管一晚睡眠不佳对新陈代谢的影响有限，但早餐前喝咖啡会对血糖控制产生负面影响。）”可知，研究表明，早餐前饮用浓黑咖啡会使血糖反应增加50%左右，所以可以推断不同时候喝咖啡对健康有不同的影响。故选D项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段James Betts的讲述“As up to now we have had limited knowledge about what this is doing to our bodies, in particular for our metabolic and blood sugar control, so we have a long way to go.（到目前为止，我们对早餐前喝咖啡对我们身体的影响有着有限的了解，特别是对于我们的新陈代谢和血糖控制，所以我们还有很长的路要走。）”可知，James Betts认为对于早餐前喝咖啡对我们的新陈代谢和血糖控制的研究还有很长的路要走，也就是有待继续研究。故选B项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study suggests drinking coffee as soon as someone wakes up from a poor night’s sleep greatly affects metabolism(新陈代谢) and blood sugar control.（一项新的研究表明，一个人从糟糕的睡眠中醒来就喝咖啡会极大地影响新陈代谢和血糖控制。）”和第四段“Examining the effects of broken sleep and morning coffee across a range of different metabolic markers, scientists at the University of Bath found that, while one night of poor sleep had a limited effect on metabolism, drinking coffee before breakfast could have a negative effect on blood sugar control.（巴斯大学研究者发现，睡眠和晨间咖啡对不同代谢指标的影响，尽管一晚睡眠不佳对新陈代谢的影响有限，但早餐前喝咖啡会对血糖控制产生负面影响。）”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述研究表明早餐前喝咖啡会对血糖控制和新陈代谢产生负面影响。所以D选项“Drinking Coffee before Breakfast Harms Metabolism（早餐前喝咖啡有害新陈代谢）”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国的原著居民纳瓦霍人在多年的等待后，终于有了电，大家都很开心，并期待可以便利使用水和网络。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的When they get up in the middle of the night to use the restroom, they have a flashlight to go to the outhouse.(当他们半夜起来上厕所时，他们可以打着手电筒到外面去)可知，在过去，Billie 的孩子需要手电筒是因为需要在晚上照明。C. They needed them to light up late at night(他们需要它们来照亮夜晚)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的Billie, her husband and their five kids live in a tiny, one-room cottage built with wood and mud, which is a traditional Navajo home. Their three sheep are on the green grass that carpets the rolling hills of Dilkon, (Billie，她的丈夫和他们的五个孩子住在一间用木头和泥土建造的一居室小屋里，这是传统的纳瓦霍家庭。他们的三只羊躺在铺满起伏山丘的绿草地上)可知，Billie和家人过着环保，但贫穷的生活。A. The Billies lead a green but poor life.( Billie一家过着环保，但贫穷的生活)符合以上说法，故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的''My two boys, they have really bad allergies and they have asthma(哮喘), so sometimes they need the sprayer. '' Billie says. ''So we usually go to their grandma's house, travel in the middle of the night over there back and forth. ''(Billie说：“我的两个孩子，他们有非常严重的过敏和哮喘，所有有时他们需要喷雾器。因此我们通常会在半夜去他们奶奶家，来回奔波。”)可知，Billie 去她妈妈的家寻找电源，给孩子治病。D. By going to her mum's house.(去她妈妈的家)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段的The Billies are not alone. About 10% of Navajos on the reservation live without electricity.可知，比利家并不是唯一的。大约10%的纳瓦霍人生活在没有电的环境中。由此推测划线部分的意思是：还有更多的纳瓦霍人因为没有电，遭受了很多不便。B. More Navajos suffer greatly from no electricity.(更多的纳瓦霍人，因没有电，而遭受巨大的痛苦)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据的主要内容，尤其倒数第二段的'It's so exciting to finally have electricity here after so many years without it, '' Billie says. ''My kids are going to be so happy. They keep asking every day… They go 'Mum, we're going to have light! We're going to finally have light! '''(“在这么多年没有电的情况下，这里终于有了电，这太令人兴奋了。” Billie说“我们的孩子也会非常高兴，他们每天都在问。他们说：‘妈妈，我们终于要有电了！我们终于要有电了’”) 和最后一段的Now the family will wait and pray for running water and the Internet. (现在，这个家庭将等待和祈祷自来水和因特网)可知，本文主要讲述了美国的原著居民纳瓦霍人在多年的等待后，终于有了电，大家都很开心，并期待可以便利使用水和网络。C. Electricity Bringing Hope(电带来希望)可以作为本文标题，故选C项。
【答案】6. A 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了释放气球对野生动物和海洋动物造成的危害。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“They can bring harm to wildlife simply because they are colorful and bright, so wildlife might think they are delicious food, and their bodies can get caught by the strings, thus making it difficult for them to swim or breathe.”（它们可以给野生动物带来伤害，仅仅因为它们是丰富多彩的和明亮的，所以野生动物可能认为它们是美味的食物，它们的身体会被线缠住，从而使它们很难游泳或呼吸）可知，气球是色彩鲜艳的，野生动物误以为它们是美味的食物，所以吃掉了它们。故选A项。
【7题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后句子“saying that balloon pieces and strings are dangerous to wildlife.”可知，这些环保团体认为气球碎片和绳子对野生动物很危险。根据他们的语言可以推断出他们是不支持释放气球的行为的，即希望这种行为被禁止，banned意为“禁止”。故选C项。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“They have discovered that soft plastics are more likely than hard plastics to cause barriers in seabirds’ gastrointestinal tracts (胃肠道).”（他们发现软塑料比硬塑料更容易在海鸟的胃肠道中造成障碍）可知，研究员们发现，软塑料对于海鸟的伤害比硬塑料更大。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“If seabirds eat plastics, their risk of death increases, and even a single piece can be deadly”可知，Lauren Roman认为，如果海鸟吃了塑料，它们死亡的风险就会增加，即使一块碎片也可能是致命的。根据Lauren Roman的话，可以推断出她认为塑料制品对海鸟的伤害很大，而释放气球就会产生塑料垃圾，进而推断出她认为释放气球的行为对海鸟的伤害也是很大的。故选D项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。浏览全文，根据文章第三段中研究员的研究发现和第四段中Lauren Roman的研究发现可知，文章讲述了释放气球对野生动物和海洋动物是有很大危害的。根据第二段关键句“For years, many environmental groups have pushed for mass balloon releases to be inhibited, saying that balloon pieces and strings are dangerous to wildlife.”可知，为了野生动物的安全，许多环保团体认为释放气球的行为应该被禁止。综上所述，可推断出文章通过列举调查研究的结果告诉我们，为什么人们应该停止释放气球。故选B项。
【点睛】主旨大意题的解题方法：浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。例如本篇文章中的第四小题，要求判断文章的主要内容。首先，浏览全文，把握主旨。根据文章第三段中研究员的研究发现和第四段中Lauren Roman的研究发现可知，文章讲述了释放气球对野生动物和海洋动物是有很大危害的。再浏览全文，抓住关键字眼。根据第二段关键句“For years, many environmental groups have pushed for mass balloon releases to be inhibited, saying that balloon pieces and strings are dangerous to wildlife.”可知，为了野生动物的安全，许多环保团体认为释放气球的行为应该被禁止。综上所述，可推断出文章通过列举调查研究的结果告诉我们为什么人们应该停止释放气球。故选B项。