陕西省渭南市大荔县2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
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陕西省渭南市大荔县
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
陕西省渭南市大荔县2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A Schengen visa is a short-stay visa awarded to persons wishing to travel to one or many of the countries that make of the 26 European country Schengen Area. It grants (授予) each holder entry to all the countries in the area on a single visa. Several new Schengen visa application rules came into force in all countries on February 2, 2020. Check out some of the major changes:
Increased visa fees
The Schengen visa fee has increased from 60 euros to 80 for adults, while children aged between 6 and 12 now need to pay 40 euros instead of 35.
The rise in fees is to increase staff numbers, ensure stronger security screenings, and upgrade IT equipment and software, according to the European Commission.
Electronic application form
The application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.
Longer application submission periods
Schengen visa applicants used to apply as early as three months ahead of their trip. Today applications can be submitted up to six months in advance.
Benefits for frequent travelers
Those who have previously visited the Schengen Area and have a positive visa history will be granted the opportunity to get a multiple-entry visa valid for up to five years. That is, people who have lawfully used their previous visas, have a good economic standing in their home countries, and intend to leave the area before their Schengen visa expires (过期) will now have the chance to get a visa for up to five years with multiple entries.
1. If a couple with a seven-year-old kid apply for Schengen visas, how much should they pay under the new rules
A. 45 euros. B. 80 euros. C. 155 euros. D. 200 euros.
2. When applying for a Schengen visa now, you can .
A. upgrade your computer software
B. hand in an electronic application form
C. get all your materials ready before February 2
D. turn in your application 9 months in advance
3. To frequent travelers to the Schengen Area, the new rules are more .
A. specific B. complicated C. favourable D. rigid
B
When a fire broke out in my home in the middle of the night I knew I'd do anything I could to save my family. The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.
I was walking back upstairs from the kitchen when I heard my bulldog , Rock. Whatever Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what. I think that was his way of telling me, "We've got to go back up. "When I got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didn't remember leaving one on. I walked downstairs again, and that's when I saw fire. I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids. I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof. I then pried open the window and kicked out the screen. I started screaming for help. But help never came. I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.
Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof. I didn't scoot to the edge; I just jumped and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed. I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to the roof. I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine - month - old with my teeth, by his little sleeper. Then I climbed down the ladder. Once on the ground, I had my little girl hold her brother, and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter. Then I went back up again and got my wife. I tried to get my dog, but he just disappeared in the black smoke. I never saw him alive again,
I'm no hero. I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just likeRock—he lived to protect us.
4. What made the author wake up at 2:30am
A. My dog's barking B. The medicine's effect
C. A burning fire D. A noise downstairs
5. How did Rock tell the author the danger downstairs
A. He turned on a light downstairs.
B. He ran to the author's room upstairs.
C. He kept barking and running up to stairs.
D. He made some noise at the bottom of the stairs.
6. What did the author do after his family all stood on the roof
A. He placed a blanket to keep warm.
B. He started screaming for help.
C He jumped off the roof.
D. He broke open the window and kicked out the screen
7. Which of the following best describe the author
A. Courageous and responsible B. Caring and selfish
C. Loyal and brave D. Strong and considerate
C
Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive（先发制人的）defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme（酶）, which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars（毛虫）, which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects, ” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
8. John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________.
A. make them grow better
B. give them a warning
C. keep plant-eating animals away
D. inform plant-eating animals of danger
9. Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To introduce another animal.
B. To confirm the result of the study.
C. To appeal to people to protect animals.
D. To analyze different resistance chemicals.
10. What does Richard Karban really want to know
A. How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B. What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C. Whether the research is of practical value.
D. What the finding of the research is.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Watchful Plants. B. Greedy Animals.
C. A Snail’s Approach. D. A Defense Attack.
D
Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We’re doomed! Doomed! Now that I’ve gotten that out of my system, it’s become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest example is the government’s new guidelines for self-driving cars.
Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings.
Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.
Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds
But there’s a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren’t just taking over in the workplace.
The question is where can’t a robot function better than a human How about writing songs A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future
Finally, it’s only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.
Actually, it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.
12. What does the underlined word “agitated” mean
A. Tired B. Cautious
C. Careful D. Anxious
13. What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars
A. How passengers behave in it.
B. How robot drivers get the license
C. How they avoid crashing into other car
D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street
14. The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writer’s .
A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards
B. eagerness to listen to songs written by robots
C. doubt about robots’ ability to write songs
D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs
15. What might be the most suitable title for the text
A. Robots will control the world in every field
B. Robots are coming but not soon enough
C. Robots are being used in our daily life
D. Robots can drive cars and write music
陕西省渭南市大荔县2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ever wonder why there are so many people polluting the earth Ever say to yourself： Hey, I wish that I could do more to help the environment Have you ever thought about trying to help the earth but never really did it Well, here are some pretty easy and skillful ideas for that green - earth desire inside you.
●Turn off your computer. By leaving it on all day you are creating more CO2 than a regular passenger would, driving to and from work in one day.
● Ride your bike or carpool (合用汽车).Obviously, you are creating less CO2 which will help the ozone(臭氧).
● Make a garden. Even simply grow some plants in your kitchen, which will help produce more oxygen while eating up some of that evil CO2.
● Buy local groceries. It creates less impact on the environment. Besides, you're supporting your local farmers.
● Recycle. You had to see this coming. But you have no idea how much you are helping the environment by simply reusing a water bottle instead of buying a huge pack at the store.
● Don't run the water while brushing. It saves you money and helps the water resources.
● Open the curtains. Natural light is much prettier and it will keep the energy usage down.
● Rechargeable batteries. You have no idea how much it takes to get rid of batteries. Do yourself a favor. Save some money and some energy.
1. If you don't want to create more CO2, you may_______.
A. turn off your computer or open the curtains
B. turn off your computer or ride your bike or carpool
C. make a garden or open the curtains
D. use rechargeable batteries or make a garden
2. Which of the following can best describe the function of the first paragraph
A. Main body. B. Argument.
C. Lead - in. D. Conclusion.
3. The main idea of the passage is about________.
A. the importance of environmental protection
B. some ways about how to prevent pollution
C. some suggestions about how to save energy
D. some suggestions about environmental protection
B
One-year-old Tallulah turned purple and stopped moving after the sweet became stuck in her throat. Her mum Leigh-Anne said the drama began during a visit to her grandma’s house when her grandparents gave her older kids some sweets.
“Then at about 4:45 pm, Tallulah started to choke—we all went into a panic.”
“It seemed like it went on for ages. Not one of us knew what to do.”
“I rang an ambulance while my grandma and granddad tried to get the sweet to come up.”
“Tallulah was panicking at first but then she started to go purple—she almost had no oxygen left in her.”
With her daughter limp (无力的) and time running out, Leigh—Anne knew she couldn’t afford to wait for the ambulance to arrive.
“The only thing I could think was to go out into the street.” She said.
“I rushed out and screamed for someone to help while my grandma rushed out crying with Tallulah.”
At exactly the moment, Caitlin, who is studying public services at Redcar College, was passing by Queen Street. She said, “I was waiting to go to work when I heard someone screaming for help, so I ran straight over.”
The 17-year-old girl added, “Something just clicked and I went into auto mode. The little girl was completely limp, so I checked her airways and tilted (使倾斜) her over and started hitting her back. I turned her round and tapped on her chest, then after what felt like forever she coughed up the sweet and spat it out.
As soon as she started crying I felt a huge relief. I was just so pleased I was able to help.”
Caitlin was taught her lifesaving skills when she joined the Army Cadets four years ago.
4. When did Tallulah get choked
A. While eating sweets. B. While enjoying a drama.
C. While having a meal. D. While taking some medicine.
5. Why did the family go out into the street
A. To buy some needed tools. B. To search for timely help.
C. To get a breath of fresh air. D. To wait for the ambulance to arrive.
6. Which of the following can best describe Caitlin
A. Brave and selfless. B. Kind and energetic.
C. Determined and generous. D. Quick-thinking and helpful.
7. What may be the best title for the text
A. First aid skill sounds important. B. Screaming for help makes sense.
C. Eating sweets endangers baby girl. D. Heroic teenager saves baby girl’s life.
C
In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure (结构), they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’ (对手) kites or cut their strings (线).
For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite-flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. Their kites are made of nylon (尼龙). Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.
The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.
Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!
8. Which of the following is true according to the text
A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.
B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.
C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.
D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.
9. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons
A. It has two strings. B. It is simple in design.
C. It has a rainbow pattern. D. It is shaped like a diamond.
10. According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites
A. A large kite. B. Any type of kite.
C. A complex structure. D. A kite that impresses others.
11. What is mainly described in the text
A. A kite factory. B. Kite-flying lessons.
C. Special competitions. D. The kite-making process.
D
After a year at sea, 16-year-old Laura Dekker can finally say, “Mission accomplished!” Last month, she finished a daring trip around the world aboard her 38-foot boat, Guppy. Dekker, who is from the Netherlands, traveled more than 30,000 miles all by herself. She is the youngest person ever to sail around the globe alone.
Dekker had wanted to lake on this challenge when she was even younger. She first tried to set sail at the age of 13, but a court in the Netherlands stopped her. They said that she was too young to make such a risky trip by herself. But Dekker insisted she had the navigation skills and patience of an adult sailor.
She finally took off on January 20, 2011. During her trip, Dekker battled loneliness, storms, and worries about pirates. But she also got to surf, scuba dive, and started a new hobby: playing the flute. Although Dekker didn’t spend all of her time at sea—she stopped at ports along the way—she did spend her 16lh birthday on the open ocean. To celebrate, she ate doughnuts for breakfast.
But Dekker didn’t sail into the record books. Guinness World Records and the World Sailing Speed Record Council no longer recognize records for “youngest” sailors. They dropped the category in 2009 to discourage children from attempting such dangerous feats (壮举). But that didn’t stop Dekker，who was born on a yacht during a seven-year world voyage undertaken by her parents.
Dekker doesn’t mind that she won’t hold an official record. She says it was a personal goal, and she is happy she achieved it.
“I am not disappointed at all that Guinness World Record won’t recognize my attempt.” Dekker wrote on her website. “I did not start on my trip to achieve any record…I did it just for myself.”
12. Dekker wasn’t allowed to sail at the age of 13 because .
A. people were concerned about her safety
B. she didn’t learn any sailing skills well
C. she had to continue her study at school
D. she didn’t have enough patience for long trips
13. What does the underlined word “accomplished” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Failed. B. Completed.
C. Continued. D. Started.
14. In 2009 records for youngest sailors were canceled in order to .
A. set a higher sailing standard for teen sailors
B. stop children entering Guinness World Records
C. encourage parents to sail with their children
D. prevent children making dangerous attempts
15. What could be the best title for this passage
A. A New Guinness World Record in Sailing
B. A New Sailing Standard for Teen Sailors
C. A Teen Girl Sailing Alone Around the World
D. The Youngest Sailor in Guinness World Records
陕西省渭南市大荔县2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Introduction
Blenheim Palace is one of the Europe’s largest and greatest palaces. It was built between 1705 and 1722 as a reward of the British government to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, for defeating King Louis XlV's army at Blenheim, a small Bavarian village on the Danube River. The palace was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh, which displayed strength and arm glory. It is the largest non-royal building in England and is now listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Winston Churchill
In 1874, the palace was the birthplace of the duke’s most famous descendant, Winston Churchill, who was to become the UK’s Prime Minister (some would say Britain’s greatest 20th-century politician ) and Nobel prize winner for literature. It is also in Blenheim that Winston got married to Clementine Hozier in 1908.
A lasting exhibition is devoted to the man’s life, work and writings. Winston and his wife are buried in Bladon Church within the palace.
Opening Hours & Admission
Blenheim is still the home of the 11th Duke of Marlborough and is therefore not open all year round (although the park is). The palace opens its doors to visitors from 12 February to 11 December. Entry to the palace, park and gardens cost 11,50 during the low season and 13 during the peak season (Easter weekend and from 28 May toll September), or 6/ 8 for the park and gardens only.
The park is open all-year round from 9am to 4:45pm (last entry). Admission is 2,50 for adults and 1. 50 for children.
Note that numerous discounts exist for seniors, students, children and groups. Please refer to the official website for more details.
21. What can be learned about Blenheim Palace
A. It is the Europe’s largest and greatest palaces.
B. It is the largest royal building in England.
C. It is now one of the world’s heritage sites.
D. It was built in honor of Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
22. What does the underlined word in the text mean
A. A house keeper.
B. A child or a child’s child.
C. A family doctor
D. A grand parent
23. Why can not people visit Blenheim Palace all the year round
A. They are too busy to afford the time.
B. Repairs are badly needed for the palace.
C. Some seasons are not convenient for visitors.
D. The 11th Duke of Marlborough still lives there.
B
I had the meanest mother in the world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have cereal, eggs and toast. Others had cokes and candy for lunch, while we had to eat a sandwich. As you can guess, my supper was different from other kids’. But at least I was not alone in my suffering. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
My mother insisted on knowing where we were at all times. She had to know who our friends were and what we were doing. We had to wear clean clothes every day. Other kids always wore their clothes for days. We reach the height of disgrace because she made our clothes herself, just to save money. The worst is yet to come. We had to be in bed by 9:00 each night and up at 7:45 the next morning. So when my friends slept, my mother actually had the courage to break Child Labor Law. She made us work. I believed she lay awake all night thinking up mean things to do to us.
Through the years, our friends’ report cards had beautiful colors on them, black for passing ,red for falling. My mother, however, would merely be content with black marks. None of us was allowed the pleasure of being a dropout.
She forced us to grow up into educated and honest adults. Using this as a background, I’m now trying to bring up my three children. I’m filled with pride and when my children think I am mean because I now thank God everyday for giving me the meanest mother in the world.
24. From the passage we can learn that the writer’s mother was ________.
A. not generous at all B. very strict with her children
C. very mean with money matters D. very cruel to her children
25. Which of the following things did the writer hate to do most
A. Eating differently from other kids.
B. Wearing clean clothes made by mother.
C. Going to bed early and getting up early.
D. Letting mother know where they were.
26. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the writer worked hard and usually got good grades in studies
B. mother was punished for breaking the Child Labor Law
C. all the other kids studied better than the writer
D. the writer’s family lived a miserable life
27. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A. Mother practiced economy in running her home.
B. The writer is very thankful for her mother.
C. The writer is severe with her children when bringing them up.
D. The writer has a deep hatred for her mother.
C
In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability(可靠性).
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favour, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humour, too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I've found a friend!
28. Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend
A. Understanding. B. Honesty.
C. Reliability. D. A sense of humour.
29. If you have fair weather friends, ________.
A. they will give you all that they have when you need help
B. you will be refused when you get into trouble
C. you will become rich if you stay with them
D. you can be sure that you get real friends
30. Good friends need to ________.
A. always point out each other's mistakes
B. be helped with money
C. understand each other's feelings
D. have money or luck
31. This passage mainly discusses ________.
A. the qualities of a friend
B. where to choose friends
C. how to get along with friends
D. the importance of having a friend
D
Audrey Hepburn (奥黛丽·赫本) won an Academy Award as Best Actress for her first major American movie, Roman Holiday,which was released in 1953. But she is remembered as much for her aid work as for her acting.
Born in Belgium in 1929, Audrey's father was British and her mother was Dutch. Audrey was sent to live at a British school for part of her childhood. During World War Ⅱ，she lived and studied in the Netherlands. Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks. Audrey studied dance as a teenager and during college. But when she returned to London after the war she realized she wasn't going to be a ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员). So she began taking acting parts in stage shows. Later she began to get small parts in movies.
But it was Audrey Hepburn's move to America in the 1950s that brought her true fame. In 1951 she played the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play of the same name and received great critical praise. Two years later, Roman Holiday made her a star at the age of 24.
Audrey made more than 25 movies. Among her roles, the most popular one was Holly Golightly in Breakfast at Tiffany's in 1961. Three years later she played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady.
She was married twice and had one child with each husband. In 1989, the UN Children's Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador. She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) projects. The UN agency said she was a tireless worker. She often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects.
Audrey Hepburn often said her loyalty to UNICEF was the result of her experiences as a child during World WarⅡ. She said she knew what it was like to be starving and to be saved by international aid. She was a goodwill ambassador until her death in 1993 from colon cancer.
32. The reason why Audrey lived and studied in the Netherlands was that ________.
A. she wanted to be a ballerina B. her parents were from Britain
C. it was safe there D. the education there was excellent
33. We can know from the passage that ________.
A. Audrey's parents lived in Germany during World War Ⅱ
B. Audrey went to America in the 1950s
C. Audrey was made to give up dancing
D. the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play was her most popular role
34. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage about Audrey Hepburn
A. Marriage. B. Identity. C. Contribution. D. Religion.
35. ________ is the right order for Audrey's life.
①The first time she began to play in movies.
②She returned to London from the Netherlands.
③She won an Academy Award as Best Actress.
④She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF projects.
⑤She played a part in My Fair Lady.
A. ②①③⑤④ B. ①②③⑤④
C. ②①⑤③④ D. ①②⑤③④
答案：
陕西省渭南市大荔县2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则申根签证的广告启事，介绍了签证价格、电子设备、频繁来这里旅行可以享受的好处等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The Schengen visa fee has increased from 60 euros to 80 for adults, while children aged between 6 and 12 now need to pay 40 euros instead of 35.”申根签证费成人从60欧元提高到80欧元，而6到12岁的儿童需要支付40欧元，而不是35欧元。可知，如果一对夫妇带着一个七岁的小孩来申请申根签证，他们按照新规要付80*2+40=200欧元。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.”申请过程已大大简化。申根成员国现在接受电子申请，申请表可以通过电子方式签署和提交。可知，当你现在申请申根签证时，可以上交电子申请表。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“That is, people who have lawfully used their previous visas, have a good economic standing in their home countries, and intend to leave the area before their Schengen visa expires (过期) will now have the chance to get a visa for up to five years with multiple entries.” 也就是说，那些合法使用之前签证的人，在本国经济状况良好，并打算在申根签证之前离开该地区的人现在将有机会多次入境，获得长达五年的签证。可以看出，这些新规对于频繁去申根地区的人更加支持了，故选C项。
【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。多数情况下，作者不会明确的呈现一个事实，读者需要根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展和人物之间的关系。例如，第2题，细节理解题。根据“The application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.”申请过程已大大简化。申根成员国现在接受电子申请，申请表可以通过电子方式签署和提交。可知，当你现在申请申根签证时，可以上交电子申请表。故选B项。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在半夜发生的火灾中营救和保护家人的经过。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.（我服用的治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物使我在半夜醒来时口干舌燥。2016年1月15日，也不例外。我在美国印第安纳州凌晨2:30醒来需要喝水。）”可知，是药物作用使作者半夜起床需要喝水。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what.（Rock在下面，吵得让我不得不去找他。当我爬到楼梯下面的时候，他正在往上跑，之前不管发生什么，他从来没有上过楼梯。）”可知，Rock通过不停地叫，并且跑到楼梯上来引起作者的注意，告知作者发生的危险。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.（我把所有人都弄到屋顶上，扔了一条毯子在外面，这样我们就不会滑倒了。天气很冷，一月很冷。然后我开始尖叫求救。但一直没有人来帮忙。）”可知，作者把所有家人都弄到屋顶上之后开始大喊求助。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof.（现在，我有恐高症和身体问题——类风湿关节炎，但我不能让我的家人被烧伤。所以我从屋顶跳下来。）”和最后一段“I'm no hero. I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just like Rock—he lived to protect us.（我不是英雄。我只是一个愿意帮助任何人的普通人。这是我帮助自己家人的时候。我活着是为了保护我的家人。就像Rock一样他活着是为了保护我们。）”可知，作者有恐高症和身体问题，可是为了救自己的家人，他还是愿意从屋顶跳下来，他愿意负起保护家人的责任，所以可以推断他是个有勇气和负责任的人。故选A项。
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现：一些植物可以在食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们，这让植物准备了先发制人的防御，甚至可以对抗其他有害物种。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry（我们只是给它们一些暗示攻击即将来临的线索，这就足以使它们的化学反应发生巨大变化）”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat(他的团队测量了这种黏糊糊的警告对另一个潜在威胁的影响)”呼应，故选 B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat(最初，Orrock发现这种防御方法对蜗牛有效；在最新的研究中，他的团队测量了这种黏糊糊的警告对另一个潜在威胁的影响)”可推知，下文中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证这一点，即：验证研究的结果。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句并结合对最后一段“The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them. “That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.( 他补充说，这项研究是全面的，但他想知道，即使蜗牛黏液没有接触到番茄植株，它们是如何感受化学物质的。“这是一个非常重要的问题，”奥罗克说。他希望未来的研究能找出使植物能够感知这些相对遥远的信号的机制)”的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段中的“New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive（先发制人的）defense that even works against other pest species(现在新的研究表明，一些植物可以在食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们，这让植物准备了先发制人的防御，甚至可以对抗其他有害物种)”是文章的中心句。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应。因此A选项(警觉的植物)适合作标题。故选A。
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作者对于无人驾驶汽车和机器人等现代化科学技术全面代替人类只是时间问题的看法。
【12题详解】
猜测词义题。根据划线词所在句“Robot drivers are less likely to...at the scene of a pileup.”可知，作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车看到堵车也不会感到焦虑不安。所以agitated应意为“焦虑的”，相当于 anxious，故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中on the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walker constantly dashing into the street.可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选 D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反映了作者的什么看法，根据本段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来机器人肯定会写出获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016”可知，本文作者认为机器人时代来的不够快，B项反映了作者的看法，概括了文章内容。故选B。
陕西省渭南市大荔县2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日常生活中一些关于环境保护的建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三行“●Turn off your computer. By leaving it on all day you are creating more CO2 than a regular passenger would, driving to and from work in one day.( 关掉你的电脑。让它整天开着，你所产生的二氧化碳比普通乘客一天开车上下班所产生的二氧化碳还要多。)”和第四行“● Ride your bike or carpool (合用汽车).Obviously, you are creating less CO2 which will help the ozone(臭氧).( 骑自行车或拼车。很明显，你制造的二氧化碳少了，这对臭氧层有好处。)”可知，如果你不想产生更多的二氧化碳，你可以关掉电脑、骑自行车或拼车。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段作者连续的几个问题“Ever wonder why there are so many people polluting the earth Ever say to yourself： Hey, I wish that I could do more to help the environment Have you ever thought about trying to help the earth but never really did it (有没有想过为什么有这么多的人污染地球 有没有对自己说过:嘿，我希望我能为环境做更多的事 你有没有想过要帮助地球，但从未真正做过 )和“Well, here are some pretty easy and skillful ideas for that green - earth desire inside you.( 好吧，这里有一些相当简单和巧妙的想法，以满足你内心对绿色地球的渴望。)”可知，作者通过这几个问题导入本文的话题——如何在日常生活中对环保做出贡献。故选C。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“Well, here are some pretty easy and skillful ideas for that green - earth desire inside you.( 好吧，这里有一些相当简单和巧妙的想法，以满足你内心对绿色地球的渴望。)”可知，本文作者提出了一些日常生活中关于环境保护的建议。故选D。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一岁的Tallulah在吃糖果的时候被卡住，一家人跑到街上求助，正要去上班的Caitlin听到有人喊救命就跑了过去，用自己的救生技能挽救了这个女孩的命。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段One-year-old Tallulah turned purple and stopped moving after the sweet became stuck in her throat.（一岁大的塔卢拉在糖果卡在喉咙里后，脸色发紫，一动不动。）可知，Tallulah在吃糖果的时候被卡住了。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“The only thing I could think was to go out into the street.” She said.““我唯一能想到的就是走到街上去。”她说。”和“I rushed out and screamed for someone to help while my grandma rushed out crying with Tallulah.”“我冲了出去，尖叫着找人帮忙，而我奶奶和塔卢拉也冲了出来。”由此推知，这家人跑到街上去为了“寻求帮助”。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中She said, “I was waiting to go to work when I heard someone screaming for help, so I ran straight over.”她说：“我正等着去上班，突然听到有人喊救命，所以我就直接跑过去了。”可知，Caitlin反应快和乐于助人。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章讲述的是一岁的Tallulah在吃糖果的时候被卡住，一家人跑到街上求助，正要去上班的Caitlin听到有人喊救命就跑了过去，用自己的救生技能挽救了这个女孩的命。故D项是最佳标题。
【点睛】弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。本题第4小题，文章讲述的是一岁的Tallulah在吃糖果的时候被卡住，一家人跑到街上求助，正要去上班的Caitlin听到有人喊救命就跑了过去，用自己的救生技能挽救了这个女孩的命。故选D。
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要是介绍一家风筝厂15年来一直为夏威夷一座岛屿上的孩子们开设风筝制作和风筝飞行的课程。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.（这些设计是用热刀从尼龙上剪下来的，用热刀封住边缘，然后直接固定在风筝上。）”可知，使用加热的刀是切割(cut)尼龙，而不是iron the nylon(熨烫尼龙)，故A项错；B项与第三段最后一句“Then the controls are given to the students.（然后把控制交给学生。）”相悖；根据第一段最后一句“Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’ (对手) kites or cut their strings (线).（人们还举行斗风筝比赛，比赛者用风筝攻击对手，把对方的风筝打倒或剪断风筝线。）”可知C项：Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.（斗风筝比赛中不能剪断风筝线。）是错误的。由第二段倒数第二句“Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.（他们的设计是夏威夷主题，由达芙妮创作。）”可知D项正确。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two string controllable kite.（这种风筝和他们在课上做的风筝的区别是，它是一个双线可控的风筝。）”可知，与孩子们在制作课上制作的风筝不同的是飞行课上使用的风筝是双线控制的。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun.（乔纳森坚持认为，没有必要做一个巨大的令人印象深刻的风筝有乐趣的制作和放风筝。即使是最简单的结构也能发挥作用，并带来数小时的乐趣。）”可推知，Jonathan认为任何类型的风筝都可以给你带来快乐，故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要是介绍一家风筝厂15年来一直为夏威夷一座岛屿上的孩子们开设风筝制作和风筝飞行的课程。文章主要聚集于这家工厂，讲述kite making and kite flying lessons是为介绍这家工厂服务的，另外文中涉及两类课程，B项只是“风筝飞行课程”，显然不全面。文章首段提到特殊的比赛，是为了引出风筝比赛，进而引出本文的中心话题，选C项就会本末倒置。D项“风筝制作过程”在文中并未涉及。故选A。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了16岁的少女Laura Dekker独自完成了一次环球航行的壮举。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“She first tried to set sail at the age of 13, but a court in the Netherlands stopped her. They said that she was too young to make such a risky trip by herself.( 13岁时，她第一次尝试起航，但荷兰一家法院阻止了她。他们说她太年轻了，不能独自做这样冒险的旅行)”可知，人们担心她的安全，认为她太小，所以阻止了她冒险。故选A项。
【13题详解】
猜测词义题。根据划线句下文“Last month , she finished a daring trip around the world(上个月，她完成了一次大胆的环球之旅)”可推断，划线句“After a year at sea, 16-year-old Laura Dekker can finally say,‘Mission accomplished!’”句意为：在海上一年后，16岁的劳拉·德克尔终于可以说，“任务完成了！”，画线词和”finish“意思相近。故选B项
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“They dropped the category in 2009 to discourage children from attempting such dangerous feats (壮举).( 2009年，为了阻止孩子们尝试这种危险的壮举，他们放弃了这一奖项)”可知，他们放弃这一类别的原因是为了阳止孩子们冒险。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段第二句话~Guinness World Record and the World Sailing Speed Record Council no longer recognize records for "youngest" sailors.”可知，Dkker的航行纪录不会被吉尼斯认可，所以本文主旨与吉尼期纪录无关。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了16岁的少女Laura Dekker独自环球航行的经历。因此推断C项“一个独自驾船环游世界的女孩”为最佳标题。故选C项。
陕西省渭南市大荔县2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
A【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了欧洲最大最宏伟宫殿之一的Blenheim Palace布伦海姆宫（别名丘吉尔庄园）。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段中and is now listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. 可知， Blenheim Palace被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产，所以它是世界文化遗产之一，故选C。
22. 词义猜测题。根据Winston Churchill部分中In 1874, the palace was the birthplace of the duke’s most famous descendant, Winston Churchill, who was to become the UK’s Prime Minister. 可知，画线词与其它两个词组成的短语和Winston Churchill是同位语，而从第一段It was built between 1705 and 1722 as a reward of the British government to John Churchill可知，宫殿是英国政府为奖励John Churchill而修建的，这两位的姓氏是一样的，画线词Winston Churchill在John Churchill之后，结合四个选项，只有B选项符合逻辑，故选B。
23. 细节理解题。根据Opening Hours & Admission部分中Blenheim is still the home of the 11th Duke of Marlborough and is therefore not open all year round (although the park is),可知，现在布伦海姆宫仍然是第11任马尔波罗公爵的家，因此不能常年开放，故选D。
B【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D
【解析】文章讲述的是妈妈对我的要求很严格，甚至到了苛刻的地步，但是对我的成长有很大的帮助。
24. B 推理题。根据文章第一段I had the meanest mother in the world，还有文章第2,3段可知B正确。
25. C 细节题。根据文章第三段第一行The worst is yet to come. We had to be in bed by 9:00 each night and up at 7:45 the next morning. 可知C正确。
26. A 推理题。根据文章第三段our friends’ report cards had beautiful colors on them, black for passing，red for failing. My mother, however，would merely be content with black marks. 可知A正确。
27. D 根据文章最后一段可知作者很感激妈妈对自己的严格要求，故D正确。
C【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个好朋友应该具备的三种品质。
28. A 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. ”可知答案。
29. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. ”可推断出答案。
30. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. ”可得到答案。
31. A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“How do I know when I have found a good friend I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability(可靠性). ”可知，本文主要讲述一个好朋友应该具有什么样的品质。
D【答案】 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】32答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks. ”可知她母亲认为在荷兰是安全的。
33答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But it was Audrey Hepburn's move to America in the 1950s that brought her true fame. ”可知，她在20世纪50年代去了美国。
34答案：D 推理判断题。第五段提到了她的婚姻，文章中也提到了她的身份：一开始跳舞后来成为演员，文章主要讲述她在电影事业和慈善方面的巨大贡献。故选D。
35答案：A 细节理解题。奥黛丽·赫本出生在比利时(in 1929)，后来去了英国，二战期间在荷兰上学，上学期间她跳舞，后来她搬到美国演了第一部电影，作为最佳女演员获得奥斯卡金像奖，接着又在《窈窕淑女》里扮演角色，后来(in 1989)又参加慈善活动。故选A。
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
陕西省渭南市大荔县2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A Schengen visa is a short-stay visa awarded to persons wishing to travel to one or many of the countries that make of the 26 European country Schengen Area. It grants (授予) each holder entry to all the countries in the area on a single visa. Several new Schengen visa application rules came into force in all countries on February 2, 2020. Check out some of the major changes:
Increased visa fees
The Schengen visa fee has increased from 60 euros to 80 for adults, while children aged between 6 and 12 now need to pay 40 euros instead of 35.
The rise in fees is to increase staff numbers, ensure stronger security screenings, and upgrade IT equipment and software, according to the European Commission.
Electronic application form
The application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.
Longer application submission periods
Schengen visa applicants used to apply as early as three months ahead of their trip. Today applications can be submitted up to six months in advance.
Benefits for frequent travelers
Those who have previously visited the Schengen Area and have a positive visa history will be granted the opportunity to get a multiple-entry visa valid for up to five years. That is, people who have lawfully used their previous visas, have a good economic standing in their home countries, and intend to leave the area before their Schengen visa expires (过期) will now have the chance to get a visa for up to five years with multiple entries.
1. If a couple with a seven-year-old kid apply for Schengen visas, how much should they pay under the new rules
A. 45 euros. B. 80 euros. C. 155 euros. D. 200 euros.
2. When applying for a Schengen visa now, you can .
A. upgrade your computer software
B. hand in an electronic application form
C. get all your materials ready before February 2
D. turn in your application 9 months in advance
3. To frequent travelers to the Schengen Area, the new rules are more .
A. specific B. complicated C. favourable D. rigid
B
When a fire broke out in my home in the middle of the night I knew I'd do anything I could to save my family. The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.
I was walking back upstairs from the kitchen when I heard my bulldog , Rock. Whatever Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what. I think that was his way of telling me, "We've got to go back up. "When I got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didn't remember leaving one on. I walked downstairs again, and that's when I saw fire. I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids. I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof. I then pried open the window and kicked out the screen. I started screaming for help. But help never came. I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.
Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof. I didn't scoot to the edge; I just jumped and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed. I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to the roof. I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine - month - old with my teeth, by his little sleeper. Then I climbed down the ladder. Once on the ground, I had my little girl hold her brother, and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter. Then I went back up again and got my wife. I tried to get my dog, but he just disappeared in the black smoke. I never saw him alive again,
I'm no hero. I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just likeRock—he lived to protect us.
4. What made the author wake up at 2:30am
A. My dog's barking B. The medicine's effect
C. A burning fire D. A noise downstairs
5. How did Rock tell the author the danger downstairs
A. He turned on a light downstairs.
B. He ran to the author's room upstairs.
C. He kept barking and running up to stairs.
D. He made some noise at the bottom of the stairs.
6. What did the author do after his family all stood on the roof
A. He placed a blanket to keep warm.
B. He started screaming for help.
C He jumped off the roof.
D. He broke open the window and kicked out the screen
7. Which of the following best describe the author
A. Courageous and responsible B. Caring and selfish
C. Loyal and brave D. Strong and considerate
C
Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive（先发制人的）defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme（酶）, which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars（毛虫）, which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects, ” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
8. John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________.
A. make them grow better
B. give them a warning
C. keep plant-eating animals away
D. inform plant-eating animals of danger
9. Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To introduce another animal.
B. To confirm the result of the study.
C. To appeal to people to protect animals.
D. To analyze different resistance chemicals.
10. What does Richard Karban really want to know
A. How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B. What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C. Whether the research is of practical value.
D. What the finding of the research is.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Watchful Plants. B. Greedy Animals.
C. A Snail’s Approach. D. A Defense Attack.
D
Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We’re doomed! Doomed! Now that I’ve gotten that out of my system, it’s become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest example is the government’s new guidelines for self-driving cars.
Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings.
Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.
Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds
But there’s a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren’t just taking over in the workplace.
The question is where can’t a robot function better than a human How about writing songs A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future
Finally, it’s only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.
Actually, it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.
12. What does the underlined word “agitated” mean
A. Tired B. Cautious
C. Careful D. Anxious
13. What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars
A. How passengers behave in it.
B. How robot drivers get the license
C. How they avoid crashing into other car
D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street
14. The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writer’s .
A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards
B. eagerness to listen to songs written by robots
C. doubt about robots’ ability to write songs
D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs
15. What might be the most suitable title for the text
A. Robots will control the world in every field
B. Robots are coming but not soon enough
C. Robots are being used in our daily life
D. Robots can drive cars and write music
陕西省渭南市大荔县2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ever wonder why there are so many people polluting the earth Ever say to yourself： Hey, I wish that I could do more to help the environment Have you ever thought about trying to help the earth but never really did it Well, here are some pretty easy and skillful ideas for that green - earth desire inside you.
●Turn off your computer. By leaving it on all day you are creating more CO2 than a regular passenger would, driving to and from work in one day.
● Ride your bike or carpool (合用汽车).Obviously, you are creating less CO2 which will help the ozone(臭氧).
● Make a garden. Even simply grow some plants in your kitchen, which will help produce more oxygen while eating up some of that evil CO2.
● Buy local groceries. It creates less impact on the environment. Besides, you're supporting your local farmers.
● Recycle. You had to see this coming. But you have no idea how much you are helping the environment by simply reusing a water bottle instead of buying a huge pack at the store.
● Don't run the water while brushing. It saves you money and helps the water resources.
● Open the curtains. Natural light is much prettier and it will keep the energy usage down.
● Rechargeable batteries. You have no idea how much it takes to get rid of batteries. Do yourself a favor. Save some money and some energy.
1. If you don't want to create more CO2, you may_______.
A. turn off your computer or open the curtains
B. turn off your computer or ride your bike or carpool
C. make a garden or open the curtains
D. use rechargeable batteries or make a garden
2. Which of the following can best describe the function of the first paragraph
A. Main body. B. Argument.
C. Lead - in. D. Conclusion.
3. The main idea of the passage is about________.
A. the importance of environmental protection
B. some ways about how to prevent pollution
C. some suggestions about how to save energy
D. some suggestions about environmental protection
B
One-year-old Tallulah turned purple and stopped moving after the sweet became stuck in her throat. Her mum Leigh-Anne said the drama began during a visit to her grandma’s house when her grandparents gave her older kids some sweets.
“Then at about 4:45 pm, Tallulah started to choke—we all went into a panic.”
“It seemed like it went on for ages. Not one of us knew what to do.”
“I rang an ambulance while my grandma and granddad tried to get the sweet to come up.”
“Tallulah was panicking at first but then she started to go purple—she almost had no oxygen left in her.”
With her daughter limp (无力的) and time running out, Leigh—Anne knew she couldn’t afford to wait for the ambulance to arrive.
“The only thing I could think was to go out into the street.” She said.
“I rushed out and screamed for someone to help while my grandma rushed out crying with Tallulah.”
At exactly the moment, Caitlin, who is studying public services at Redcar College, was passing by Queen Street. She said, “I was waiting to go to work when I heard someone screaming for help, so I ran straight over.”
The 17-year-old girl added, “Something just clicked and I went into auto mode. The little girl was completely limp, so I checked her airways and tilted (使倾斜) her over and started hitting her back. I turned her round and tapped on her chest, then after what felt like forever she coughed up the sweet and spat it out.
As soon as she started crying I felt a huge relief. I was just so pleased I was able to help.”
Caitlin was taught her lifesaving skills when she joined the Army Cadets four years ago.
4. When did Tallulah get choked
A. While eating sweets. B. While enjoying a drama.
C. While having a meal. D. While taking some medicine.
5. Why did the family go out into the street
A. To buy some needed tools. B. To search for timely help.
C. To get a breath of fresh air. D. To wait for the ambulance to arrive.
6. Which of the following can best describe Caitlin
A. Brave and selfless. B. Kind and energetic.
C. Determined and generous. D. Quick-thinking and helpful.
7. What may be the best title for the text
A. First aid skill sounds important. B. Screaming for help makes sense.
C. Eating sweets endangers baby girl. D. Heroic teenager saves baby girl’s life.
C
In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure (结构), they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’ (对手) kites or cut their strings (线).
For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite-flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. Their kites are made of nylon (尼龙). Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.
The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.
Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!
8. Which of the following is true according to the text
A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.
B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.
C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.
D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.
9. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons
A. It has two strings. B. It is simple in design.
C. It has a rainbow pattern. D. It is shaped like a diamond.
10. According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites
A. A large kite. B. Any type of kite.
C. A complex structure. D. A kite that impresses others.
11. What is mainly described in the text
A. A kite factory. B. Kite-flying lessons.
C. Special competitions. D. The kite-making process.
D
After a year at sea, 16-year-old Laura Dekker can finally say, “Mission accomplished!” Last month, she finished a daring trip around the world aboard her 38-foot boat, Guppy. Dekker, who is from the Netherlands, traveled more than 30,000 miles all by herself. She is the youngest person ever to sail around the globe alone.
Dekker had wanted to lake on this challenge when she was even younger. She first tried to set sail at the age of 13, but a court in the Netherlands stopped her. They said that she was too young to make such a risky trip by herself. But Dekker insisted she had the navigation skills and patience of an adult sailor.
She finally took off on January 20, 2011. During her trip, Dekker battled loneliness, storms, and worries about pirates. But she also got to surf, scuba dive, and started a new hobby: playing the flute. Although Dekker didn’t spend all of her time at sea—she stopped at ports along the way—she did spend her 16lh birthday on the open ocean. To celebrate, she ate doughnuts for breakfast.
But Dekker didn’t sail into the record books. Guinness World Records and the World Sailing Speed Record Council no longer recognize records for “youngest” sailors. They dropped the category in 2009 to discourage children from attempting such dangerous feats (壮举). But that didn’t stop Dekker，who was born on a yacht during a seven-year world voyage undertaken by her parents.
Dekker doesn’t mind that she won’t hold an official record. She says it was a personal goal, and she is happy she achieved it.
“I am not disappointed at all that Guinness World Record won’t recognize my attempt.” Dekker wrote on her website. “I did not start on my trip to achieve any record…I did it just for myself.”
12. Dekker wasn’t allowed to sail at the age of 13 because .
A. people were concerned about her safety
B. she didn’t learn any sailing skills well
C. she had to continue her study at school
D. she didn’t have enough patience for long trips
13. What does the underlined word “accomplished” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Failed. B. Completed.
C. Continued. D. Started.
14. In 2009 records for youngest sailors were canceled in order to .
A. set a higher sailing standard for teen sailors
B. stop children entering Guinness World Records
C. encourage parents to sail with their children
D. prevent children making dangerous attempts
15. What could be the best title for this passage
A. A New Guinness World Record in Sailing
B. A New Sailing Standard for Teen Sailors
C. A Teen Girl Sailing Alone Around the World
D. The Youngest Sailor in Guinness World Records
陕西省渭南市大荔县2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Introduction
Blenheim Palace is one of the Europe’s largest and greatest palaces. It was built between 1705 and 1722 as a reward of the British government to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, for defeating King Louis XlV's army at Blenheim, a small Bavarian village on the Danube River. The palace was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh, which displayed strength and arm glory. It is the largest non-royal building in England and is now listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Winston Churchill
In 1874, the palace was the birthplace of the duke’s most famous descendant, Winston Churchill, who was to become the UK’s Prime Minister (some would say Britain’s greatest 20th-century politician ) and Nobel prize winner for literature. It is also in Blenheim that Winston got married to Clementine Hozier in 1908.
A lasting exhibition is devoted to the man’s life, work and writings. Winston and his wife are buried in Bladon Church within the palace.
Opening Hours & Admission
Blenheim is still the home of the 11th Duke of Marlborough and is therefore not open all year round (although the park is). The palace opens its doors to visitors from 12 February to 11 December. Entry to the palace, park and gardens cost 11,50 during the low season and 13 during the peak season (Easter weekend and from 28 May toll September), or 6/ 8 for the park and gardens only.
The park is open all-year round from 9am to 4:45pm (last entry). Admission is 2,50 for adults and 1. 50 for children.
Note that numerous discounts exist for seniors, students, children and groups. Please refer to the official website for more details.
21. What can be learned about Blenheim Palace
A. It is the Europe’s largest and greatest palaces.
B. It is the largest royal building in England.
C. It is now one of the world’s heritage sites.
D. It was built in honor of Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
22. What does the underlined word in the text mean
A. A house keeper.
B. A child or a child’s child.
C. A family doctor
D. A grand parent
23. Why can not people visit Blenheim Palace all the year round
A. They are too busy to afford the time.
B. Repairs are badly needed for the palace.
C. Some seasons are not convenient for visitors.
D. The 11th Duke of Marlborough still lives there.
B
I had the meanest mother in the world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have cereal, eggs and toast. Others had cokes and candy for lunch, while we had to eat a sandwich. As you can guess, my supper was different from other kids’. But at least I was not alone in my suffering. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
My mother insisted on knowing where we were at all times. She had to know who our friends were and what we were doing. We had to wear clean clothes every day. Other kids always wore their clothes for days. We reach the height of disgrace because she made our clothes herself, just to save money. The worst is yet to come. We had to be in bed by 9:00 each night and up at 7:45 the next morning. So when my friends slept, my mother actually had the courage to break Child Labor Law. She made us work. I believed she lay awake all night thinking up mean things to do to us.
Through the years, our friends’ report cards had beautiful colors on them, black for passing ,red for falling. My mother, however, would merely be content with black marks. None of us was allowed the pleasure of being a dropout.
She forced us to grow up into educated and honest adults. Using this as a background, I’m now trying to bring up my three children. I’m filled with pride and when my children think I am mean because I now thank God everyday for giving me the meanest mother in the world.
24. From the passage we can learn that the writer’s mother was ________.
A. not generous at all B. very strict with her children
C. very mean with money matters D. very cruel to her children
25. Which of the following things did the writer hate to do most
A. Eating differently from other kids.
B. Wearing clean clothes made by mother.
C. Going to bed early and getting up early.
D. Letting mother know where they were.
26. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the writer worked hard and usually got good grades in studies
B. mother was punished for breaking the Child Labor Law
C. all the other kids studied better than the writer
D. the writer’s family lived a miserable life
27. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A. Mother practiced economy in running her home.
B. The writer is very thankful for her mother.
C. The writer is severe with her children when bringing them up.
D. The writer has a deep hatred for her mother.
C
In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability(可靠性).
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favour, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humour, too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I've found a friend!
28. Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend
A. Understanding. B. Honesty.
C. Reliability. D. A sense of humour.
29. If you have fair weather friends, ________.
A. they will give you all that they have when you need help
B. you will be refused when you get into trouble
C. you will become rich if you stay with them
D. you can be sure that you get real friends
30. Good friends need to ________.
A. always point out each other's mistakes
B. be helped with money
C. understand each other's feelings
D. have money or luck
31. This passage mainly discusses ________.
A. the qualities of a friend
B. where to choose friends
C. how to get along with friends
D. the importance of having a friend
D
Audrey Hepburn (奥黛丽·赫本) won an Academy Award as Best Actress for her first major American movie, Roman Holiday,which was released in 1953. But she is remembered as much for her aid work as for her acting.
Born in Belgium in 1929, Audrey's father was British and her mother was Dutch. Audrey was sent to live at a British school for part of her childhood. During World War Ⅱ，she lived and studied in the Netherlands. Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks. Audrey studied dance as a teenager and during college. But when she returned to London after the war she realized she wasn't going to be a ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员). So she began taking acting parts in stage shows. Later she began to get small parts in movies.
But it was Audrey Hepburn's move to America in the 1950s that brought her true fame. In 1951 she played the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play of the same name and received great critical praise. Two years later, Roman Holiday made her a star at the age of 24.
Audrey made more than 25 movies. Among her roles, the most popular one was Holly Golightly in Breakfast at Tiffany's in 1961. Three years later she played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady.
She was married twice and had one child with each husband. In 1989, the UN Children's Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador. She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会) projects. The UN agency said she was a tireless worker. She often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects.
Audrey Hepburn often said her loyalty to UNICEF was the result of her experiences as a child during World WarⅡ. She said she knew what it was like to be starving and to be saved by international aid. She was a goodwill ambassador until her death in 1993 from colon cancer.
32. The reason why Audrey lived and studied in the Netherlands was that ________.
A. she wanted to be a ballerina B. her parents were from Britain
C. it was safe there D. the education there was excellent
33. We can know from the passage that ________.
A. Audrey's parents lived in Germany during World War Ⅱ
B. Audrey went to America in the 1950s
C. Audrey was made to give up dancing
D. the character “Gigi” in the Broadway play was her most popular role
34. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage about Audrey Hepburn
A. Marriage. B. Identity. C. Contribution. D. Religion.
35. ________ is the right order for Audrey's life.
①The first time she began to play in movies.
②She returned to London from the Netherlands.
③She won an Academy Award as Best Actress.
④She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF projects.
⑤She played a part in My Fair Lady.
A. ②①③⑤④ B. ①②③⑤④
C. ②①⑤③④ D. ①②⑤③④
答案：
陕西省渭南市大荔县2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则申根签证的广告启事，介绍了签证价格、电子设备、频繁来这里旅行可以享受的好处等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The Schengen visa fee has increased from 60 euros to 80 for adults, while children aged between 6 and 12 now need to pay 40 euros instead of 35.”申根签证费成人从60欧元提高到80欧元，而6到12岁的儿童需要支付40欧元，而不是35欧元。可知，如果一对夫妇带着一个七岁的小孩来申请申根签证，他们按照新规要付80*2+40=200欧元。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.”申请过程已大大简化。申根成员国现在接受电子申请，申请表可以通过电子方式签署和提交。可知，当你现在申请申根签证时，可以上交电子申请表。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“That is, people who have lawfully used their previous visas, have a good economic standing in their home countries, and intend to leave the area before their Schengen visa expires (过期) will now have the chance to get a visa for up to five years with multiple entries.” 也就是说，那些合法使用之前签证的人，在本国经济状况良好，并打算在申根签证之前离开该地区的人现在将有机会多次入境，获得长达五年的签证。可以看出，这些新规对于频繁去申根地区的人更加支持了，故选C项。
【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。多数情况下，作者不会明确的呈现一个事实，读者需要根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展和人物之间的关系。例如，第2题，细节理解题。根据“The application process has been greatly simplified. Schengen member states now accept electronic applications, and the application form can be signed and submitted electronically.”申请过程已大大简化。申根成员国现在接受电子申请，申请表可以通过电子方式签署和提交。可知，当你现在申请申根签证时，可以上交电子申请表。故选B项。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在半夜发生的火灾中营救和保护家人的经过。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth. January 15, 2016, was no different. I, Indiana, US, awoke at 2:30am needing water.（我服用的治疗类风湿性关节炎的药物使我在半夜醒来时口干舌燥。2016年1月15日，也不例外。我在美国印第安纳州凌晨2:30醒来需要喝水。）”可知，是药物作用使作者半夜起床需要喝水。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him. By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what.（Rock在下面，吵得让我不得不去找他。当我爬到楼梯下面的时候，他正在往上跑，之前不管发生什么，他从来没有上过楼梯。）”可知，Rock通过不停地叫，并且跑到楼梯上来引起作者的注意，告知作者发生的危险。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn't slip off. It was cold, January cold. Then I started screaming for help. But help never came.（我把所有人都弄到屋顶上，扔了一条毯子在外面，这样我们就不会滑倒了。天气很冷，一月很冷。然后我开始尖叫求救。但一直没有人来帮忙。）”可知，作者把所有家人都弄到屋顶上之后开始大喊求助。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Now, I'm scared of heights and have physical issues, what with my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn't let my family burn up. So I jumped off the roof.（现在，我有恐高症和身体问题——类风湿关节炎，但我不能让我的家人被烧伤。所以我从屋顶跳下来。）”和最后一段“I'm no hero. I'm just an ordinary person who'd help anybody. This happened to be the time when I helped my own family. I live to protect my family. Just like Rock—he lived to protect us.（我不是英雄。我只是一个愿意帮助任何人的普通人。这是我帮助自己家人的时候。我活着是为了保护我的家人。就像Rock一样他活着是为了保护我们。）”可知，作者有恐高症和身体问题，可是为了救自己的家人，他还是愿意从屋顶跳下来，他愿意负起保护家人的责任，所以可以推断他是个有勇气和负责任的人。故选A项。
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现：一些植物可以在食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们，这让植物准备了先发制人的防御，甚至可以对抗其他有害物种。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry（我们只是给它们一些暗示攻击即将来临的线索，这就足以使它们的化学反应发生巨大变化）”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat(他的团队测量了这种黏糊糊的警告对另一个潜在威胁的影响)”呼应，故选 B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat(最初，Orrock发现这种防御方法对蜗牛有效；在最新的研究中，他的团队测量了这种黏糊糊的警告对另一个潜在威胁的影响)”可推知，下文中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证这一点，即：验证研究的结果。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句并结合对最后一段“The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them. “That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.( 他补充说，这项研究是全面的，但他想知道，即使蜗牛黏液没有接触到番茄植株，它们是如何感受化学物质的。“这是一个非常重要的问题，”奥罗克说。他希望未来的研究能找出使植物能够感知这些相对遥远的信号的机制)”的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段中的“New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive（先发制人的）defense that even works against other pest species(现在新的研究表明，一些植物可以在食草动物发动攻击前很好地感觉到它们，这让植物准备了先发制人的防御，甚至可以对抗其他有害物种)”是文章的中心句。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应。因此A选项(警觉的植物)适合作标题。故选A。
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作者对于无人驾驶汽车和机器人等现代化科学技术全面代替人类只是时间问题的看法。
【12题详解】
猜测词义题。根据划线词所在句“Robot drivers are less likely to...at the scene of a pileup.”可知，作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车看到堵车也不会感到焦虑不安。所以agitated应意为“焦虑的”，相当于 anxious，故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中on the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walker constantly dashing into the street.可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选 D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反映了作者的什么看法，根据本段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来机器人肯定会写出获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016”可知，本文作者认为机器人时代来的不够快，B项反映了作者的看法，概括了文章内容。故选B。
陕西省渭南市大荔县2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日常生活中一些关于环境保护的建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三行“●Turn off your computer. By leaving it on all day you are creating more CO2 than a regular passenger would, driving to and from work in one day.( 关掉你的电脑。让它整天开着，你所产生的二氧化碳比普通乘客一天开车上下班所产生的二氧化碳还要多。)”和第四行“● Ride your bike or carpool (合用汽车).Obviously, you are creating less CO2 which will help the ozone(臭氧).( 骑自行车或拼车。很明显，你制造的二氧化碳少了，这对臭氧层有好处。)”可知，如果你不想产生更多的二氧化碳，你可以关掉电脑、骑自行车或拼车。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段作者连续的几个问题“Ever wonder why there are so many people polluting the earth Ever say to yourself： Hey, I wish that I could do more to help the environment Have you ever thought about trying to help the earth but never really did it (有没有想过为什么有这么多的人污染地球 有没有对自己说过:嘿，我希望我能为环境做更多的事 你有没有想过要帮助地球，但从未真正做过 )和“Well, here are some pretty easy and skillful ideas for that green - earth desire inside you.( 好吧，这里有一些相当简单和巧妙的想法，以满足你内心对绿色地球的渴望。)”可知，作者通过这几个问题导入本文的话题——如何在日常生活中对环保做出贡献。故选C。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“Well, here are some pretty easy and skillful ideas for that green - earth desire inside you.( 好吧，这里有一些相当简单和巧妙的想法，以满足你内心对绿色地球的渴望。)”可知，本文作者提出了一些日常生活中关于环境保护的建议。故选D。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一岁的Tallulah在吃糖果的时候被卡住，一家人跑到街上求助，正要去上班的Caitlin听到有人喊救命就跑了过去，用自己的救生技能挽救了这个女孩的命。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段One-year-old Tallulah turned purple and stopped moving after the sweet became stuck in her throat.（一岁大的塔卢拉在糖果卡在喉咙里后，脸色发紫，一动不动。）可知，Tallulah在吃糖果的时候被卡住了。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“The only thing I could think was to go out into the street.” She said.““我唯一能想到的就是走到街上去。”她说。”和“I rushed out and screamed for someone to help while my grandma rushed out crying with Tallulah.”“我冲了出去，尖叫着找人帮忙，而我奶奶和塔卢拉也冲了出来。”由此推知，这家人跑到街上去为了“寻求帮助”。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中She said, “I was waiting to go to work when I heard someone screaming for help, so I ran straight over.”她说：“我正等着去上班，突然听到有人喊救命，所以我就直接跑过去了。”可知，Caitlin反应快和乐于助人。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章讲述的是一岁的Tallulah在吃糖果的时候被卡住，一家人跑到街上求助，正要去上班的Caitlin听到有人喊救命就跑了过去，用自己的救生技能挽救了这个女孩的命。故D项是最佳标题。
【点睛】弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。本题第4小题，文章讲述的是一岁的Tallulah在吃糖果的时候被卡住，一家人跑到街上求助，正要去上班的Caitlin听到有人喊救命就跑了过去，用自己的救生技能挽救了这个女孩的命。故选D。
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要是介绍一家风筝厂15年来一直为夏威夷一座岛屿上的孩子们开设风筝制作和风筝飞行的课程。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.（这些设计是用热刀从尼龙上剪下来的，用热刀封住边缘，然后直接固定在风筝上。）”可知，使用加热的刀是切割(cut)尼龙，而不是iron the nylon(熨烫尼龙)，故A项错；B项与第三段最后一句“Then the controls are given to the students.（然后把控制交给学生。）”相悖；根据第一段最后一句“Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’ (对手) kites or cut their strings (线).（人们还举行斗风筝比赛，比赛者用风筝攻击对手，把对方的风筝打倒或剪断风筝线。）”可知C项：Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.（斗风筝比赛中不能剪断风筝线。）是错误的。由第二段倒数第二句“Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.（他们的设计是夏威夷主题，由达芙妮创作。）”可知D项正确。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two string controllable kite.（这种风筝和他们在课上做的风筝的区别是，它是一个双线可控的风筝。）”可知，与孩子们在制作课上制作的风筝不同的是飞行课上使用的风筝是双线控制的。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun.（乔纳森坚持认为，没有必要做一个巨大的令人印象深刻的风筝有乐趣的制作和放风筝。即使是最简单的结构也能发挥作用，并带来数小时的乐趣。）”可推知，Jonathan认为任何类型的风筝都可以给你带来快乐，故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要是介绍一家风筝厂15年来一直为夏威夷一座岛屿上的孩子们开设风筝制作和风筝飞行的课程。文章主要聚集于这家工厂，讲述kite making and kite flying lessons是为介绍这家工厂服务的，另外文中涉及两类课程，B项只是“风筝飞行课程”，显然不全面。文章首段提到特殊的比赛，是为了引出风筝比赛，进而引出本文的中心话题，选C项就会本末倒置。D项“风筝制作过程”在文中并未涉及。故选A。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了16岁的少女Laura Dekker独自完成了一次环球航行的壮举。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“She first tried to set sail at the age of 13, but a court in the Netherlands stopped her. They said that she was too young to make such a risky trip by herself.( 13岁时，她第一次尝试起航，但荷兰一家法院阻止了她。他们说她太年轻了，不能独自做这样冒险的旅行)”可知，人们担心她的安全，认为她太小，所以阻止了她冒险。故选A项。
【13题详解】
猜测词义题。根据划线句下文“Last month , she finished a daring trip around the world(上个月，她完成了一次大胆的环球之旅)”可推断，划线句“After a year at sea, 16-year-old Laura Dekker can finally say,‘Mission accomplished!’”句意为：在海上一年后，16岁的劳拉·德克尔终于可以说，“任务完成了！”，画线词和”finish“意思相近。故选B项
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“They dropped the category in 2009 to discourage children from attempting such dangerous feats (壮举).( 2009年，为了阻止孩子们尝试这种危险的壮举，他们放弃了这一奖项)”可知，他们放弃这一类别的原因是为了阳止孩子们冒险。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段第二句话~Guinness World Record and the World Sailing Speed Record Council no longer recognize records for "youngest" sailors.”可知，Dkker的航行纪录不会被吉尼斯认可，所以本文主旨与吉尼期纪录无关。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了16岁的少女Laura Dekker独自环球航行的经历。因此推断C项“一个独自驾船环游世界的女孩”为最佳标题。故选C项。
陕西省渭南市大荔县2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
A【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了欧洲最大最宏伟宫殿之一的Blenheim Palace布伦海姆宫（别名丘吉尔庄园）。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段中and is now listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. 可知， Blenheim Palace被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产，所以它是世界文化遗产之一，故选C。
22. 词义猜测题。根据Winston Churchill部分中In 1874, the palace was the birthplace of the duke’s most famous descendant, Winston Churchill, who was to become the UK’s Prime Minister. 可知，画线词与其它两个词组成的短语和Winston Churchill是同位语，而从第一段It was built between 1705 and 1722 as a reward of the British government to John Churchill可知，宫殿是英国政府为奖励John Churchill而修建的，这两位的姓氏是一样的，画线词Winston Churchill在John Churchill之后，结合四个选项，只有B选项符合逻辑，故选B。
23. 细节理解题。根据Opening Hours & Admission部分中Blenheim is still the home of the 11th Duke of Marlborough and is therefore not open all year round (although the park is),可知，现在布伦海姆宫仍然是第11任马尔波罗公爵的家，因此不能常年开放，故选D。
B【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D
【解析】文章讲述的是妈妈对我的要求很严格，甚至到了苛刻的地步，但是对我的成长有很大的帮助。
24. B 推理题。根据文章第一段I had the meanest mother in the world，还有文章第2,3段可知B正确。
25. C 细节题。根据文章第三段第一行The worst is yet to come. We had to be in bed by 9:00 each night and up at 7:45 the next morning. 可知C正确。
26. A 推理题。根据文章第三段our friends’ report cards had beautiful colors on them, black for passing，red for failing. My mother, however，would merely be content with black marks. 可知A正确。
27. D 根据文章最后一段可知作者很感激妈妈对自己的严格要求，故D正确。
C【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一个好朋友应该具备的三种品质。
28. A 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. ”可知答案。
29. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. ”可推断出答案。
30. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. ”可得到答案。
31. A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“How do I know when I have found a good friend I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability(可靠性). ”可知，本文主要讲述一个好朋友应该具有什么样的品质。
D【答案】 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】32答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks. ”可知她母亲认为在荷兰是安全的。
33答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But it was Audrey Hepburn's move to America in the 1950s that brought her true fame. ”可知，她在20世纪50年代去了美国。
34答案：D 推理判断题。第五段提到了她的婚姻，文章中也提到了她的身份：一开始跳舞后来成为演员，文章主要讲述她在电影事业和慈善方面的巨大贡献。故选D。
35答案：A 细节理解题。奥黛丽·赫本出生在比利时(in 1929)，后来去了英国，二战期间在荷兰上学，上学期间她跳舞，后来她搬到美国演了第一部电影，作为最佳女演员获得奥斯卡金像奖，接着又在《窈窕淑女》里扮演角色，后来(in 1989)又参加慈善活动。故选A。