浙江省嘉兴市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 浙江省嘉兴市2019-2022学年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 41.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-25 16:11:33 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
浙江省嘉兴市
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
浙江省嘉兴市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
第一节（共10个小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分25分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In March, 2022, an exhibition of photographic work highlighting young people's concerns about climate change was held under the guidance of the Canon Young People Programme(YPP). The images were created by pupils of Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in Ashbourne, Derbyshire, under the guidance of the former pupil, Canon Ambassador and professional photographer, Clive Booth.
The exhibition displayed seven pieces of artwork created by Year 12 pupils at the school and is the result of a series of Canon YPP photography and digital storytelling workshops. These workshops aim to provide young people with the knowledge, skills and confidence to handle the sustainability issues that matter to them.
Pupils were tasked with using visual storytelling, language, and design to create a poster and video that would bring to life their concerns for the future of the planet and their local environment. As the pupils created their masterpieces, they were mentored by Booth, who recently appeared as guest editor of Digital Photographer, and other Canon experts. The children were provided with inspiration and education through training on how to use Adobe Spark, how to shoot photographs and videos, and how to use lighting and props（道具） to bring their stories to life.
"This activity has created some incredible results, and I'm proud that the school has had the opportunity to show these images to the wider public, "said Booth. "It's clear that the pupils were able to use these creative workshops as a platform to openly express their anxieties about climate change and their concerns over the future of the planet. "
Canon's Young People Programme helps young people from across Europe, the Middle East and Africa with creative education by delivering workshops, inspiration and instruction. Since its start, it has worked with over 5, 000 young people and over 50 charity partners.
21. What can we learn about the exhibition
A. Most visitors to it were pupils aged 12.
B. Its primary focus was on climate problems.
C. More than seven images were displayed in it.
D. It showed the progress in digital photography.
22. Which of the following can replace "mentored" in paragraph 3
A. Understood. B. Dominated. C. Taught.
D. Evaluated.
23. Why did Booth feel proud of the activity
A. It enabled the young to fully convey their ideas.
B. It offered an opportunity to exhibit his artwork.
C. It drew a lot of public attention to photography.
D. It promoted the Canon YPP's creative education.
B
Each year more than 6 million dogs and cats end up in animal shelters, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. National Adopt a Shelter Pet Day was designed to raise awareness about organizations' work with homeless animals.
Their main mission is to find homes for pets and reunite lost ones with their human families, but they need a lot of volunteer help.
"Not everyone has to have an animal in order to care about animals, " said Debra Duel of the Humane Rescue Alliance in Washington. One way to help is to become a short-term foster（收养）family. Fostering frees up space in busy shelters. Adoptable pets get more personal attention once fostered in a loving home than in crowded shelter environments. "Fostering is great for people who can't have a permanent pet, " Duel said.
Fostering also helps people learn more about pet care before offering a forever home.
Victoria, now 12, has taken care of 49 animals since 2018. "Every animal is an individual, "Victoria said. "Each requires different work. Puppies or kittens require more time and training than older dogs and cats, "she said. "Even small animals like guinea pigs are more work than people think. "
If you really can't foster, consider donating time, money and supplies to a shelter. Kindergartners at Browne Academy in Fairfax County did just that. They, in a partnership with the Animal Welfare League of Alexandria, raised several hundred dollars by drawing pictures of family pets that sold for $1 each. They also made cat toys and pillows. Their efforts helped improve the animals' stay at the shelter, and they helped reduce adoption fees for people who cant afford them.
Hopefully all those efforts will lead to fewer animals waiting for their forever homes.
24. A short-term foster family can help to ___________________.
A. encourage more people to love pets
B. bring benefits to people without a pet
C. reduce overcrowding in animal shelters
D. advocate sheltering and caring for animals
25. What do Victoria's words imply
A. Older pets are more suitable for adoption.
B. Animals should have been equally trained.
C. Small animals need less care and attention.
D. People should think twice before fostering pets.
26. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Children's role in charity events.
B. A great need for animal adoption.
C. Problems animal shelters are faced with.
D. Another way to help animals in shelters.
C
Replacing the meat and dairy products that make up a typical European diet with laboratory-grown produce could cut food-related greenhouse gases, as well as water and land use, by over 80 percent, a new study suggests. Food production has huge environmental impacts, creating more than a third of all greenhouse gas emissions（排放）.
To assess ways to reduce this impact, Rachel Mazac at the University of Helsinkiin Finland and her colleagues have studied the potential effects of switching to "novel and future foods". "What we are looking at are foods that are novel in their production technology, like cultured meat or cultured milk, "says Mazac. Her team used the analyses to calculate the potential benefits of switching to these foods assuming people are willing to do so, compared with foods that are typically consumed in Europe.
The results suggest that an "optimised diet" of novel foods could cut greenhouse emissions by 83 percent, water use by 84 percent and land use by 87 percent. "We are seeing some pretty significant reductions in impacts, "says Mazac. The team also found that switching to a vegan（素食的）diet had the similar effect. But switching to lab-grown meat, rather than a vegan diet, could allow many people to eat foods that are more like their current diet. "It would be a way for someone to consume their fast-food burger, but save on land use and water use and global warming potential, "says Mazac.
Speaking of the results, Tim Lang at City, University of London, says: "It's almost too good to be true. "If the findings are correct, the research has important policy implications（启示）, he says. But Lang thinks the environmental benefits won't come about through consumers making voluntary changes to their diet. They will only play out if governments and companies essentially force these foods on people, he says.
27. How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1
A. By comparing facts. B. By voicing opinions.
C. By releasing figures. D. By reporting findings.
28. What can be inferred from the research led by Mazac
A. People tend to welcome novel foods enthusiastically.
B. A new way is used to assess the benefits of novel foods.
C. Novel foods are not likely to affect people's eating habits.
D. Water and land use is on the rise in novel food production.
29. What is Lang's attitude towards the future of novel foods
A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Optimistic D. Responsible.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Less Meat, Fewer Problems B. Novel Foods, Greener Planet
C. Lab-grown Meat: Best Choice Food D. Future Foods: Healthy Diet
浙江省嘉兴市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题 纸上将该项涂黑.
A
Albrecht Durer was born in Nuremberg in 1471, in present day Germany. He was a painter, writer and engraver(雕刻师), but his first and probably greatest artistic influence was in the medium of printmaking.
Albrecht’s father was a goldsmith(金匠) and the young Albrecht naturally became his student, learning shaping and engraving jewelry. He also started learning from a local artist Michael Wolgemut, who specialized in artistic woodcuts for books. Durer’s first contact with art was in the woodcut printing range, so it is little wonder that he went on to become expert in this field. He actually expanded the craft of producing pictures for printing, giving it more depth, and he raised print-making into an art-form. Towards the end of the century (1497—1500), Durer produced an impressive series of religious woodcuts. Indeed, it was in 1513—1514 that Durer produced the three extraordinary engravings (“Knight, Death and DeviP”; “Melencolia”; “Saint Jerome in his Cell”) that had a strong influence on the art world and came to be known as the Master Engravings.
Durer’s success as a printmaker rapidly spread across Europe. He was highly aware of his artistic image and authorship, which is obvious in his remarkable signature. As his art became increasingly valuable, Durer’s signature was always copied, which even led him to accuse the engraver Marcantonio Raimondi of repeatedly copying his works and signature and selling them off as originals. In the end, the court ruled that Raimondi could continue making copies of Durer’s, as long as he didn’t reproduce the artist’s signature.
Durer died in 1528 and was buried in Nuremberg. Like most famous Italian artists, Durer probably felt himself to be an “artist-king”, and his self-portraits(自画像)seem undoubtedly to show a man sure of his own gift.
1. Which of the following best describes Albrecht Durer
A. Open-minded. B. Generous. C. Easy-going. D. Talented.
2. What do we know about Durer’s three great engravings
A. They were made with the help of his father.
B. They were created in the early 16th century.
C. They were recognized as a new way of painting.
D. They were influenced by the art world of his time.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 3
A. Durer got angry with the court.
B. Durer’s signature was easy to copy.
C. Durer’s reputation as a printmaker was high.
D. Durer had a good relationship with Raimondi.
B
“Won't you be my neighbor ” is a famous song from Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, a popular children's television show. The show, broadcast for 31 years and ending in 2001, sought to teach American children the importance of kindness and understanding towards others. But recently fewer and fewer Americans seem to know their neighbors. That may be destroying Americans communities.
Marc Dunkelman wrote a book called “The Vanishing Neighbor”. In it, he examined how American communities have changed over time. Dunkelman said most Americans have three levels of relationships: The inner circle includes family and close friends. The middle circle is more casual relationships. People in this circle include neighbors and people in community groups. The outer circle includes people who live far away but share a common interest.
In his book, Dunkelman argued that people spend most of their time and attention on the inner and outer circles. But he said the middle-circle is necessary to strengthening local communities. Relationships with neighbors are important for debate, hearing different ideas and finding compromise.
Americans used to have more middle-circle relationships. Face-to-face communication was unavoidable without cell phones or the internet. People also felt more of a duty to join community organizations.
Dunkelman argued that modern life has made middle-circle relationships less important. He said globalization, education and more women in the workforce have resulted in less middle-circle communication. Americans may be losing what it means to be a good neighbor, as Fred Rogers of Mister Rogers Neighborhood taught.
However; doing good for a neighbor is healthy “not just for our neighbor but for ourselves as well,” Dunkelman said. “Learning how to be a good citizen can be lost when we defer the problem to somebody else.”
4. What does the underlined word “that" refer to in paragraph 1
A The lack of close ties with neighbors. B. The popularity of children's TV shows.
C. The way of teaching children to be kind. D. The previous knowledge of communities.
5. What is a benefit of having middle-circle relationships
A. Preventing digital harm. B. Sharing opinions with others.
C. Bearing more family responsibilities. D. Raising awareness of health problems.
6. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How to Get Along with Neighbors B. The Inner-circle or the Middle-circle
C. Why are Americans Becoming Distant D. Are American Communities Disappearing
C
In an age of online shopping, commercial algorithms and streamed entertainment, most of us rarely face up to things that have not been digitally matched to our previous interests or prejudices. Few will have avoided the suggestion “if you've enjoyed X, then you'll like Y and Z” as they surf the internet looking for books, films or music.”
But now there are efforts to fight back against it. In both the arts and the media, a series of new projects are celebrating the importance of coming across the unexpected.
A new self-help book by Neil Farber; an American academic and doctor focuses on the vital role that chance plays in enriching our lives and thoughts. An unconventional service, Trade Journal Cooperative is offering to send a random publication direct to your door four times a year, from Professional Pasta to American Funeral Director or Plumber Magazine.
A new radio app Stack, deliberately delivers music chosen by someone else. Stack has been set up in response to the vast areas of unknown music available to download. The music on Stack is instead chosen by a number of DJs and musicians and, importantly, listeners cannot influence what it plays. “It's not designed around your usage,” says Wigram, who is an art dealer. “But it removes the anxiety of having to 'like', or 'liking' something by mistake, and suddenly being recommended tracks that you don't even like. Algorithms reduce diversity and chance. And it's that element of chance, of discovering a new track, that an algorithm can't compete with. I do believe that human beings can do it better than algorithms.”
So the hope for an interesting future, according to Wigram, depends upon a good mix of blind chance and trusted human recommendations — a bit like the shelves of the old independent record stores and bookshops.
7. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 1
A. A dilemma facing internet users.
B. A suggestion given by internet providers.
C. An online phenomenon related to preference.
D. An open discussion concerning online shopping.
8. Why are the examples in paragraph 3 mentioned
A. To indicate the influence of the media. B. To explain the operation of new projects.
C. To prove the success of a creative service. D. To show the significance of chance in life.
9. How does the app Stack help listeners choose a song
A. By offering expert recommendations. B. By making use of algorithms.
C. By removing the anxiety of musicians. D. By providing plenty of songs.
10. What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To promote a healthy digital lifestyle.
B. To give helpful tips on how to make choices.
C To advocate a new way out of algorithms' control.
D. To introduce different types of marketing services.
浙江省嘉兴市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Growing up in an Italian-American household was, for me, pretty special. My mother, Gina, an immigrant from Calabria, held on to so many of her family's traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in the United States, our home felt like part of Italy.
To this day, my mother only speaks to me in Italian, and our conversations are, for the most part, in her mother tongue. And most of those conversations are about food. For us, food — Italian food — is an important part of our lives.
My mom Gina grew up on a farm where the fruits of their labor directly turned into the food on the table, and wasting any of it was unacceptable. Every day was “Thanksgiving” because times were tough, so food — and how it found its way onto the table ——was a holy matter. One of the greatest lessons my mother taught me in the kitchen is to cook what you have on hand, and to never let anything go to waste.
So, when I take a perfect little arancini(意大利饭团)out of the hot oil. I am immediately transported back to my childhood: I am a little girl getting off the bus and running through the back door to the smell of the food. This small snack symbolizes so many important tenements(经济公寓)in my life about my heritage(传承)through food.
Heritage food is Sunday dinner with the family. When we preserve and recreate dishes like that, we feel a sense of pride and also a sense of continuity. Heritage food is the love we receive from our parents and grandparents, and it's the love we in turn give to our children and grandchildren. Heritage food is food that makes you feel safe and protected wherever and whenever you eat it.
Eating arancini, and all the other recipes my mother continues to make here in the U.S. after leaving Italy, allow her to teach me who I am, where I come from, and why I should be proud of it all.
1. What can we know about the author's mom
A. She is very strict with her children.
B. She refuses to learn to speak English.
C. She thinks her life in the U.S. special.
D. She values her family's traditions a lot.
2. What does the author imply by mentioning “Thanksgiving” in paragraph 3
A. She enjoyed the food her mother cooked.
B. This holiday was very important for her mother.
C. Her family treasured the food that didn't come easily.
D. The food was delivered to her family on Thanksgiving.
3. What does the author think of heritage food
A. It is becoming popular among American families.
B. It passes on family love from generation to generation.
C. It offers a sense of safety when one lives in America.
D. It reminds parents to take good care of their children.
B
Scientists have found a potentially habitable(可居住的)planet and its star outside our Solar System are more similar to the Earth and our Sun than any other known planet-star pair. For now, the planet candidate(候选)is known as KOI-456.04. If its existence is confirmed by other telescopes, the planet would join a group of about 4,000 known planets outside our Solar System.
“It's the combination of its size less — than — double that of the Earth and its solar-type host star that makes it so special and familiar” Ren6 Heller, the lead author of the new study, said in a press release. That means it could potentially host life.
To be considered habitable, planets must orbit a stable star that keeps a temperature suitable for liquid water. The vast majority of identified Earth-like planets don't meet the conditions required for life to exist. They give off either too weak light or high-energy flames that can fry the planets around them. The star that KOI-456.04 orbits is about 1.1 times the size of the Sun, with a surface temperature of only 300 degrees Celsius less than the Sun. The star also sends out visible light, like our Sun does. Plus, KOI-456.04 is less — than — double the size of the Earth, which could mean its atmospheric conditions are similar to ours. If KOI-456.04 s atmosphere is like the Earths — meaning it has a mild greenhouse effect, then its average surface temperature would be about 5 degrees Celsius, compared to the Earth's average of 15 degrees Celsius, according to the Max Planck Institute .
The system is just over 3,000 light-years away from our Solar System. Future space telescopes could study the planet candidate further. NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency plan to launch(发射)the James Webb space telescope in 2021. The European Space Agency's PLATO space telescope, scheduled to launch in 2026, will focus on finding Earth-like planets orbiting Sun-like stars.
4. What makes the newly-found planet special
A. Its strange name. B. Its extremely large size.
C. Its potential to host life. D. Its relationship with the Sun.
5. What does the underlined word “orbit” mean in paragraph 3
A. Move around. B. Stick to.
C. Knock into. D. Depend on.
6. Which of the following do the scientists care while studying KOI-456.04
A. What kind of energy its host star provides.
B. Whether its atmosphere is similar to the Earth's.
C. How many agencies are willing to join in the study.
D. Why its surface temperature is lower than the Earth's.
C
Researchers have discovered a new bacterium that feeds on polyurethane, a kind of plastic that is difficult to recycle or destroy. Scientists say the discovery could help reduce a flood of hard — to — recycle plastics that are ending up in the world's landfills（垃圾填埋地） and polluting oceans.
A team from the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Leipzig, Germany, found the new type of soil bacteria. It was spotted in an area that contained a large amount of plastic waste. The team discovered the bacteria were feeding on polyurethane diol, which was widely used in many different products.
One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. The plastic material does not melt when heated. Most polyurethane-based products end up in landfills, where they can release dangerous chemicals. The team round that the bacterium can produce enzymes（酶）that eat away polyurethane. This would make it possible to break down the material in the environment. The results were recently reported in a study in the publication Frontiers in Microbiology. Hermann Heipieper helped write the report. He said in a statement the finding “represents an important step in being able to reuse polyurethane products.”
German study noted that plastic-eating bacteria could be easily controlled and produced for industrial use. The researchers said the next step is to find more information about the bacterial enzymes that can break down polyurethane.
Scientist Douglas Rader wrote about the issue in a 2018 article for the Environmental Defense Fund. He said much more study should be carried out to learn about the complex relationships between bacteria and marine ecosystems. “Such research is needed before we can take action such as putting plastic-eating bacteria into the ocean,” Rader wrote.
7. What is the problem about polyurethane
A. It seems difficult to transport when it goes to landfills.
B. It affects the quality of plastic products if widely used.
C It melts easily when exposed to the sun for a long time.
D. It pollutes the environment unless recycled or destroyed.
8. What do we know about the new type of bacteria from the text
A. It can produce harmful chemicals. B. It can gradually destroy polyurethane.
C. It is very hard to discover and control. D. It is very likely to increase plastic waste.
9 What is Douglas Rader's attitude towards the future use of the new bacterium
A. Doubtful. B. Disapproval.
C. Cautious. D. Enthusiastic.
10. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Plastic-eating Bacteria B. Plastic Waste — A Big Problem
C. Plastic and Ocean D. Polyurethane — A Bacteria killer
答案：
浙江省嘉兴市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
21-23 BCA 24-26 CDD 27-30 DCAB
浙江省嘉兴市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名画家，作家和雕刻家Albrecht Durer的生平事迹，特别强调了他在雕刻艺术方面的天赋和影响力。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容对于Albrecht Durer的描述“He was a painter, writer and engraver, but his first and probably greatest artistic influence was in the medium of printmaking.(他是一位画家、作家和雕刻家，但他的第一个可能也是最大的艺术影响是在版画的媒介上。)”可知，他在艺术方面的成就很大，且根据文章第二段“He actually expanded the craft of producing pictures for printing, giving it more depth, and he raised print-making into an art-form.(实际上，他扩大了为印刷而制作图片的工艺，赋予了它更大的深度，并将印刷术提升为一种艺术形式。)”可知，他在艺术方面很有自己的特点，由此可推知，他是一个有艺术天赋的人。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Indeed, it was in 1513—1514 that Durer produced the three extraordinary engravings (“Knight, Death and DeviP”; “Melencolia”; “Saint Jerome in his Cell”) that had a strong influence on the art world and came to be known as the Master Engravings.(事实上，正是在1513—1514年，杜勒创作了三幅非凡的版画（“骑士、死亡和德维普”；”“梅兰科利亚”；“圣杰罗姆在他的牢房”），对艺术界产生了强大的影响，并成为著名的雕刻大师。)”可知，这三幅作品是在1513年至1514年期间创作的，即，16世纪早期。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“As his art became increasingly valuable, Durer’s signature was always copied, which even led him to accuse the engraver Marcantonio Raimondi of repeatedly copying his works and signature and selling them off as originals.(随着Durer的作品越来越有价值，他的签名总是被模仿，他甚至指责雕刻师Marcantonio Raimondi反复模仿他的作品和签名，然后当真品出售。)”可知，Durer的作品很有价值，以致于雕刻师Marcantonio Raimondi模仿他的作品和签名进行出售，由此可推知，作为版画家，Durer享有很高的声誉。故选C项。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居，这一情况可能正在摧毁美国人的社区的社会现象。文章介绍了《消失的邻居》一书的作者对此的看法，以及这一现象可能导致的影响。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“But recently fewer and fewer Americans seem to know their neighbors.”以及后文“may be destroying Americans communities”可知，最近越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居，即与邻居缺乏亲密关系可能正在摧毁美国人的社区。故画线词指的是“与邻居缺乏亲密关系”。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But he said the middle-circle is necessary to strengthening local communities. Relationships with neighbors are important for debate, hearing different ideas and finding compromise.(但他说，中间圈子对于加强当地社区是必要的。与邻居的关系对于辩论、听取不同意见和寻求妥协都很重要)”可知，拥有中间圈子的关系可以与他人分享意见。故选B。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But recently fewer and fewer Americans seem to know their neighbors. That may be destroying Americans communities.(但是最近越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居。这可能正在摧毁美国人的社区)”结合文章主要说明了越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居，这一情况可能正在摧毁美国人的社区的社会现象。文章介绍了《消失的邻居》一书的作者对此的看法，以及这一现象可能导致的影响。可知，D选项“美国社区正在消失吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。
【答案】7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今在一个充斥着在线购物、商业算法和流媒体娱乐的时代，我们中的大多数人很少会面对那些与我们以前的兴趣或偏见不相符的数字事物，但现在有人在努力反击，提出了一种摆脱算法控制的新方法，文章就这种方法举出了具体的例子。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In an age of online shopping, commercial algorithms and streamed entertainment, most of us rarely face up to things that have not been digitally matched to our previous interests or prejudices. Few will have avoided the suggestion “if you've enjoyed X, then you'll like Y and Z” as they surf the internet looking for books, films or music. (在一个充斥着在线购物、商业算法和流媒体娱乐的时代，我们中的大多数人很少会面对那些与我们以前的兴趣或偏见不相符的数字事物。当他们上网寻找书籍、电影或音乐时，很少有人会避免这样的建议：“如果你喜欢X，那么你就会喜欢Y和Z”)”可知，第一段主要讲了一个与偏好相关的网络现象。故选C。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“A new self-help book by Neil Farber; an American academic and doctor focuses on the vital role that chance plays in enriching our lives and thoughts. An unconventional service, Trade Journal Cooperative is offering to send a random publication direct to your door four times a year, from Professional Pasta to American Funeral Director or Plumber Magazine. (Neil Farber的一本新自助书；一位美国学者兼医生专注于机会在丰富我们的生活和思想中所起的重要作用。这是一项非传统的服务，行业杂志合作社每年提供四次随机的出版物直接送到你家门口，从《专业意大利面》到《美国殡仪馆主任》或《管道工杂志》)”可推知，提到第三段的例子是为了表明生命中机会的重要性。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The music on Stack is instead chosen by a number of DJs and musicians and, importantly, listeners cannot influence what it plays. (Stack上的音乐是由许多DJ和音乐家选择的，重要的是，听众不能影响它播放什么)”可知，Stack应用程序通过提供专家建议，帮助听众选择歌曲。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Algorithms reduce diversity and chance. And it's that element of chance, of discovering a new track, that an algorithm can't compete with. I do believe that human beings can do it better than algorithms. (算法减少多样性和机会。正是这种偶然的因素，发现了一条新赛道，这是算法无法匹敌的。我确实相信人类能比算法做得更好)”结合文章主要说明了如今在一个充斥着在线购物、商业算法和流媒体娱乐的时代，我们中的大多数人很少会面对那些与我们以前的兴趣或偏见不相符的数字事物，但现在有人在努力反击，提出了一种摆脱算法控制的新方法，文章就这种方法举出了具体的例子。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡一种摆脱算法控制的新方法。故选C。
浙江省嘉兴市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者的母亲是一个意大利移民，尽管在美国生活，但她仍坚持着很多意大利人的家庭传统，其中最让作者难忘的是小时候母亲做的意大利饭团，作者由此认识到家庭传统食物能够让爱延续。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My mother, Gina, an immigrant from Calabria, held on to so many of her family's traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in the United States, our home felt like part of Italy.”（我的母亲吉娜是来自卡拉布里亚的移民，她坚持着很多家庭传统，以至于有时候，尽管住在美国，但我感觉我们家就像一个意大利家庭）可知，作者的母亲非常重视家庭传统，故D项正确。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Every day was “Thanksgiving” because times were tough, so food — and how it found its way onto the table ——was a holy matter. One of the greatest lessons my mother taught me in the kitchen is to cook what you have on hand, and to never let anything go to waste.”可知，每一天都是感恩节，因为日子不好过，所以餐桌上的食物是非常神圣的东西，母亲在厨房里教给我的最重要的一课就是充分利用手里的每一样食材，不要浪费食物，由此可知，作者提到感恩节是为了表明她的家人珍惜来之不易的食物，故C项正确。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Heritage food is the love we receive from our parents and grandparents, and it's the love we in turn give to our children and grandchildren.”可知，家庭传统食物是我们从父母和祖父母那里得到的爱，也是我们继而给我们的子孙后代的爱，由此可知，作者认为家庭传统食物让家庭的爱代代相传，故B项正确。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家发现了一颗类似地球的行星KOI-456.04，并对其进行了一些研究。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段Scientists have found a potentially habitable(可居住的)planet and its star outside our Solar System are more similar to the Earth and our Sun than any other known planet-star pair.可知，科学家发现，一个潜在可居住的行星及其在我们太阳系之外的恒星比其他任何已知的行星恒星都更类似于地球和太阳。由此可知，这个新发现的行星特别之处在于，它有可能有生命存在。故选C。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句To be considered habitable, planets must orbit a stable star that keeps a temperature suitable for liquid water.可知，要想被认为适合居住，行星必须围绕一颗稳定的恒星运行，并保持适宜液态水的温度。结合常识我们知道，行星一般是围绕着恒星转动的，由此可知，此处划线单词 “orbit”的意思是“围绕……运动”。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段If KOI-456.04 s atmosphere is like the Earths — meaning it has a mild greenhouse effect, then its average surface temperature would be about 5 degrees Celsius, compared to the Earth's average of 15 degrees Celsius, according to the Max Planck Institute .可知，根据Max Planck研究所，如果KOI-456.04大气层像地球一样——这意味着它有轻微的温室效应，那么它的平均表面温度将是5摄氏度左右，而地球的平均温度是15摄氏度。由此可推知，科学家在研究KOI-456.04时，更在乎的是KOI-456.04的大气是否和地球的类似。故选B。
【答案】7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述科学家发现了一种食用塑料聚氨酯的细菌。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Researchers have discovered a new bacterium that feeds on polyurethane…a flood of hard — to — recycle plastics that are ending up in the world's landfills（垃圾填埋地） and polluting oceans.可知，聚氨酯是一种很难回收或销毁的塑料，这种难以回收的塑料流入世界垃圾填埋场并污染海洋。由此可知，对于人们来说，聚氨酯的问题是，如果不回收或销毁，聚氨酯会污染环境。故选D。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段The team round that the bacterium can produce enzymes（酶）that eat away polyurethane. This would make it possible to break down the material in the environment.可知，研究小组认为这种细菌可以产生吞噬聚氨酯的酶。这将使分解环境中的物质成为可能。由此可知，这种新型细菌可以逐渐分解聚氨酯。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段He said much more study should be carried out to learn about the complex relationships between bacteria and marine ecosystems. 可知，Douglas Rader认为应该进行更多的研究来了解细菌和海洋生态系统之间的复杂关系。由此可知，Douglas Rader对这种新型细菌的前景持谨慎态度。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章，并结合第一段Researchers have discovered a new bacterium that feeds on polyurethane可知，本文主要讲述科学家发现了一种食用塑料聚氨酯的细菌。结合选项可知，选项A的描述符合题意。故选A。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍一个研究发现，该类文章的中心一般就在第一段。因此，考生直接抓住第一段中第一句“Researchers have discovered a new bacterium that feeds on polyurethane, a kind of plastic that is difficult to recycle or destroy. ”即可找到文章中心。
2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解
浙江省嘉兴市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
第一节（共10个小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分25分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In March, 2022, an exhibition of photographic work highlighting young people's concerns about climate change was held under the guidance of the Canon Young People Programme(YPP). The images were created by pupils of Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in Ashbourne, Derbyshire, under the guidance of the former pupil, Canon Ambassador and professional photographer, Clive Booth.
The exhibition displayed seven pieces of artwork created by Year 12 pupils at the school and is the result of a series of Canon YPP photography and digital storytelling workshops. These workshops aim to provide young people with the knowledge, skills and confidence to handle the sustainability issues that matter to them.
Pupils were tasked with using visual storytelling, language, and design to create a poster and video that would bring to life their concerns for the future of the planet and their local environment. As the pupils created their masterpieces, they were mentored by Booth, who recently appeared as guest editor of Digital Photographer, and other Canon experts. The children were provided with inspiration and education through training on how to use Adobe Spark, how to shoot photographs and videos, and how to use lighting and props（道具） to bring their stories to life.
"This activity has created some incredible results, and I'm proud that the school has had the opportunity to show these images to the wider public, "said Booth. "It's clear that the pupils were able to use these creative workshops as a platform to openly express their anxieties about climate change and their concerns over the future of the planet. "
Canon's Young People Programme helps young people from across Europe, the Middle East and Africa with creative education by delivering workshops, inspiration and instruction. Since its start, it has worked with over 5, 000 young people and over 50 charity partners.
21. What can we learn about the exhibition
A. Most visitors to it were pupils aged 12.
B. Its primary focus was on climate problems.
C. More than seven images were displayed in it.
D. It showed the progress in digital photography.
22. Which of the following can replace "mentored" in paragraph 3
A. Understood. B. Dominated. C. Taught.
D. Evaluated.
23. Why did Booth feel proud of the activity
A. It enabled the young to fully convey their ideas.
B. It offered an opportunity to exhibit his artwork.
C. It drew a lot of public attention to photography.
D. It promoted the Canon YPP's creative education.
B
Each year more than 6 million dogs and cats end up in animal shelters, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. National Adopt a Shelter Pet Day was designed to raise awareness about organizations' work with homeless animals.
Their main mission is to find homes for pets and reunite lost ones with their human families, but they need a lot of volunteer help.
"Not everyone has to have an animal in order to care about animals, " said Debra Duel of the Humane Rescue Alliance in Washington. One way to help is to become a short-term foster（收养）family. Fostering frees up space in busy shelters. Adoptable pets get more personal attention once fostered in a loving home than in crowded shelter environments. "Fostering is great for people who can't have a permanent pet, " Duel said.
Fostering also helps people learn more about pet care before offering a forever home.
Victoria, now 12, has taken care of 49 animals since 2018. "Every animal is an individual, "Victoria said. "Each requires different work. Puppies or kittens require more time and training than older dogs and cats, "she said. "Even small animals like guinea pigs are more work than people think. "
If you really can't foster, consider donating time, money and supplies to a shelter. Kindergartners at Browne Academy in Fairfax County did just that. They, in a partnership with the Animal Welfare League of Alexandria, raised several hundred dollars by drawing pictures of family pets that sold for $1 each. They also made cat toys and pillows. Their efforts helped improve the animals' stay at the shelter, and they helped reduce adoption fees for people who cant afford them.
Hopefully all those efforts will lead to fewer animals waiting for their forever homes.
24. A short-term foster family can help to ___________________.
A. encourage more people to love pets
B. bring benefits to people without a pet
C. reduce overcrowding in animal shelters
D. advocate sheltering and caring for animals
25. What do Victoria's words imply
A. Older pets are more suitable for adoption.
B. Animals should have been equally trained.
C. Small animals need less care and attention.
D. People should think twice before fostering pets.
26. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Children's role in charity events.
B. A great need for animal adoption.
C. Problems animal shelters are faced with.
D. Another way to help animals in shelters.
C
Replacing the meat and dairy products that make up a typical European diet with laboratory-grown produce could cut food-related greenhouse gases, as well as water and land use, by over 80 percent, a new study suggests. Food production has huge environmental impacts, creating more than a third of all greenhouse gas emissions（排放）.
To assess ways to reduce this impact, Rachel Mazac at the University of Helsinkiin Finland and her colleagues have studied the potential effects of switching to "novel and future foods". "What we are looking at are foods that are novel in their production technology, like cultured meat or cultured milk, "says Mazac. Her team used the analyses to calculate the potential benefits of switching to these foods assuming people are willing to do so, compared with foods that are typically consumed in Europe.
The results suggest that an "optimised diet" of novel foods could cut greenhouse emissions by 83 percent, water use by 84 percent and land use by 87 percent. "We are seeing some pretty significant reductions in impacts, "says Mazac. The team also found that switching to a vegan（素食的）diet had the similar effect. But switching to lab-grown meat, rather than a vegan diet, could allow many people to eat foods that are more like their current diet. "It would be a way for someone to consume their fast-food burger, but save on land use and water use and global warming potential, "says Mazac.
Speaking of the results, Tim Lang at City, University of London, says: "It's almost too good to be true. "If the findings are correct, the research has important policy implications（启示）, he says. But Lang thinks the environmental benefits won't come about through consumers making voluntary changes to their diet. They will only play out if governments and companies essentially force these foods on people, he says.
27. How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1
A. By comparing facts. B. By voicing opinions.
C. By releasing figures. D. By reporting findings.
28. What can be inferred from the research led by Mazac
A. People tend to welcome novel foods enthusiastically.
B. A new way is used to assess the benefits of novel foods.
C. Novel foods are not likely to affect people's eating habits.
D. Water and land use is on the rise in novel food production.
29. What is Lang's attitude towards the future of novel foods
A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Optimistic D. Responsible.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Less Meat, Fewer Problems B. Novel Foods, Greener Planet
C. Lab-grown Meat: Best Choice Food D. Future Foods: Healthy Diet
浙江省嘉兴市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题 纸上将该项涂黑.
A
Albrecht Durer was born in Nuremberg in 1471, in present day Germany. He was a painter, writer and engraver(雕刻师), but his first and probably greatest artistic influence was in the medium of printmaking.
Albrecht’s father was a goldsmith(金匠) and the young Albrecht naturally became his student, learning shaping and engraving jewelry. He also started learning from a local artist Michael Wolgemut, who specialized in artistic woodcuts for books. Durer’s first contact with art was in the woodcut printing range, so it is little wonder that he went on to become expert in this field. He actually expanded the craft of producing pictures for printing, giving it more depth, and he raised print-making into an art-form. Towards the end of the century (1497—1500), Durer produced an impressive series of religious woodcuts. Indeed, it was in 1513—1514 that Durer produced the three extraordinary engravings (“Knight, Death and DeviP”; “Melencolia”; “Saint Jerome in his Cell”) that had a strong influence on the art world and came to be known as the Master Engravings.
Durer’s success as a printmaker rapidly spread across Europe. He was highly aware of his artistic image and authorship, which is obvious in his remarkable signature. As his art became increasingly valuable, Durer’s signature was always copied, which even led him to accuse the engraver Marcantonio Raimondi of repeatedly copying his works and signature and selling them off as originals. In the end, the court ruled that Raimondi could continue making copies of Durer’s, as long as he didn’t reproduce the artist’s signature.
Durer died in 1528 and was buried in Nuremberg. Like most famous Italian artists, Durer probably felt himself to be an “artist-king”, and his self-portraits(自画像)seem undoubtedly to show a man sure of his own gift.
1. Which of the following best describes Albrecht Durer
A. Open-minded. B. Generous. C. Easy-going. D. Talented.
2. What do we know about Durer’s three great engravings
A. They were made with the help of his father.
B. They were created in the early 16th century.
C. They were recognized as a new way of painting.
D. They were influenced by the art world of his time.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 3
A. Durer got angry with the court.
B. Durer’s signature was easy to copy.
C. Durer’s reputation as a printmaker was high.
D. Durer had a good relationship with Raimondi.
B
“Won't you be my neighbor ” is a famous song from Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, a popular children's television show. The show, broadcast for 31 years and ending in 2001, sought to teach American children the importance of kindness and understanding towards others. But recently fewer and fewer Americans seem to know their neighbors. That may be destroying Americans communities.
Marc Dunkelman wrote a book called “The Vanishing Neighbor”. In it, he examined how American communities have changed over time. Dunkelman said most Americans have three levels of relationships: The inner circle includes family and close friends. The middle circle is more casual relationships. People in this circle include neighbors and people in community groups. The outer circle includes people who live far away but share a common interest.
In his book, Dunkelman argued that people spend most of their time and attention on the inner and outer circles. But he said the middle-circle is necessary to strengthening local communities. Relationships with neighbors are important for debate, hearing different ideas and finding compromise.
Americans used to have more middle-circle relationships. Face-to-face communication was unavoidable without cell phones or the internet. People also felt more of a duty to join community organizations.
Dunkelman argued that modern life has made middle-circle relationships less important. He said globalization, education and more women in the workforce have resulted in less middle-circle communication. Americans may be losing what it means to be a good neighbor, as Fred Rogers of Mister Rogers Neighborhood taught.
However; doing good for a neighbor is healthy “not just for our neighbor but for ourselves as well,” Dunkelman said. “Learning how to be a good citizen can be lost when we defer the problem to somebody else.”
4. What does the underlined word “that" refer to in paragraph 1
A The lack of close ties with neighbors. B. The popularity of children's TV shows.
C. The way of teaching children to be kind. D. The previous knowledge of communities.
5. What is a benefit of having middle-circle relationships
A. Preventing digital harm. B. Sharing opinions with others.
C. Bearing more family responsibilities. D. Raising awareness of health problems.
6. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How to Get Along with Neighbors B. The Inner-circle or the Middle-circle
C. Why are Americans Becoming Distant D. Are American Communities Disappearing
C
In an age of online shopping, commercial algorithms and streamed entertainment, most of us rarely face up to things that have not been digitally matched to our previous interests or prejudices. Few will have avoided the suggestion “if you've enjoyed X, then you'll like Y and Z” as they surf the internet looking for books, films or music.”
But now there are efforts to fight back against it. In both the arts and the media, a series of new projects are celebrating the importance of coming across the unexpected.
A new self-help book by Neil Farber; an American academic and doctor focuses on the vital role that chance plays in enriching our lives and thoughts. An unconventional service, Trade Journal Cooperative is offering to send a random publication direct to your door four times a year, from Professional Pasta to American Funeral Director or Plumber Magazine.
A new radio app Stack, deliberately delivers music chosen by someone else. Stack has been set up in response to the vast areas of unknown music available to download. The music on Stack is instead chosen by a number of DJs and musicians and, importantly, listeners cannot influence what it plays. “It's not designed around your usage,” says Wigram, who is an art dealer. “But it removes the anxiety of having to 'like', or 'liking' something by mistake, and suddenly being recommended tracks that you don't even like. Algorithms reduce diversity and chance. And it's that element of chance, of discovering a new track, that an algorithm can't compete with. I do believe that human beings can do it better than algorithms.”
So the hope for an interesting future, according to Wigram, depends upon a good mix of blind chance and trusted human recommendations — a bit like the shelves of the old independent record stores and bookshops.
7. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 1
A. A dilemma facing internet users.
B. A suggestion given by internet providers.
C. An online phenomenon related to preference.
D. An open discussion concerning online shopping.
8. Why are the examples in paragraph 3 mentioned
A. To indicate the influence of the media. B. To explain the operation of new projects.
C. To prove the success of a creative service. D. To show the significance of chance in life.
9. How does the app Stack help listeners choose a song
A. By offering expert recommendations. B. By making use of algorithms.
C. By removing the anxiety of musicians. D. By providing plenty of songs.
10. What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To promote a healthy digital lifestyle.
B. To give helpful tips on how to make choices.
C To advocate a new way out of algorithms' control.
D. To introduce different types of marketing services.
浙江省嘉兴市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Growing up in an Italian-American household was, for me, pretty special. My mother, Gina, an immigrant from Calabria, held on to so many of her family's traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in the United States, our home felt like part of Italy.
To this day, my mother only speaks to me in Italian, and our conversations are, for the most part, in her mother tongue. And most of those conversations are about food. For us, food — Italian food — is an important part of our lives.
My mom Gina grew up on a farm where the fruits of their labor directly turned into the food on the table, and wasting any of it was unacceptable. Every day was “Thanksgiving” because times were tough, so food — and how it found its way onto the table ——was a holy matter. One of the greatest lessons my mother taught me in the kitchen is to cook what you have on hand, and to never let anything go to waste.
So, when I take a perfect little arancini(意大利饭团)out of the hot oil. I am immediately transported back to my childhood: I am a little girl getting off the bus and running through the back door to the smell of the food. This small snack symbolizes so many important tenements(经济公寓)in my life about my heritage(传承)through food.
Heritage food is Sunday dinner with the family. When we preserve and recreate dishes like that, we feel a sense of pride and also a sense of continuity. Heritage food is the love we receive from our parents and grandparents, and it's the love we in turn give to our children and grandchildren. Heritage food is food that makes you feel safe and protected wherever and whenever you eat it.
Eating arancini, and all the other recipes my mother continues to make here in the U.S. after leaving Italy, allow her to teach me who I am, where I come from, and why I should be proud of it all.
1. What can we know about the author's mom
A. She is very strict with her children.
B. She refuses to learn to speak English.
C. She thinks her life in the U.S. special.
D. She values her family's traditions a lot.
2. What does the author imply by mentioning “Thanksgiving” in paragraph 3
A. She enjoyed the food her mother cooked.
B. This holiday was very important for her mother.
C. Her family treasured the food that didn't come easily.
D. The food was delivered to her family on Thanksgiving.
3. What does the author think of heritage food
A. It is becoming popular among American families.
B. It passes on family love from generation to generation.
C. It offers a sense of safety when one lives in America.
D. It reminds parents to take good care of their children.
B
Scientists have found a potentially habitable(可居住的)planet and its star outside our Solar System are more similar to the Earth and our Sun than any other known planet-star pair. For now, the planet candidate(候选)is known as KOI-456.04. If its existence is confirmed by other telescopes, the planet would join a group of about 4,000 known planets outside our Solar System.
“It's the combination of its size less — than — double that of the Earth and its solar-type host star that makes it so special and familiar” Ren6 Heller, the lead author of the new study, said in a press release. That means it could potentially host life.
To be considered habitable, planets must orbit a stable star that keeps a temperature suitable for liquid water. The vast majority of identified Earth-like planets don't meet the conditions required for life to exist. They give off either too weak light or high-energy flames that can fry the planets around them. The star that KOI-456.04 orbits is about 1.1 times the size of the Sun, with a surface temperature of only 300 degrees Celsius less than the Sun. The star also sends out visible light, like our Sun does. Plus, KOI-456.04 is less — than — double the size of the Earth, which could mean its atmospheric conditions are similar to ours. If KOI-456.04 s atmosphere is like the Earths — meaning it has a mild greenhouse effect, then its average surface temperature would be about 5 degrees Celsius, compared to the Earth's average of 15 degrees Celsius, according to the Max Planck Institute .
The system is just over 3,000 light-years away from our Solar System. Future space telescopes could study the planet candidate further. NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency plan to launch(发射)the James Webb space telescope in 2021. The European Space Agency's PLATO space telescope, scheduled to launch in 2026, will focus on finding Earth-like planets orbiting Sun-like stars.
4. What makes the newly-found planet special
A. Its strange name. B. Its extremely large size.
C. Its potential to host life. D. Its relationship with the Sun.
5. What does the underlined word “orbit” mean in paragraph 3
A. Move around. B. Stick to.
C. Knock into. D. Depend on.
6. Which of the following do the scientists care while studying KOI-456.04
A. What kind of energy its host star provides.
B. Whether its atmosphere is similar to the Earth's.
C. How many agencies are willing to join in the study.
D. Why its surface temperature is lower than the Earth's.
C
Researchers have discovered a new bacterium that feeds on polyurethane, a kind of plastic that is difficult to recycle or destroy. Scientists say the discovery could help reduce a flood of hard — to — recycle plastics that are ending up in the world's landfills（垃圾填埋地） and polluting oceans.
A team from the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Leipzig, Germany, found the new type of soil bacteria. It was spotted in an area that contained a large amount of plastic waste. The team discovered the bacteria were feeding on polyurethane diol, which was widely used in many different products.
One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. The plastic material does not melt when heated. Most polyurethane-based products end up in landfills, where they can release dangerous chemicals. The team round that the bacterium can produce enzymes（酶）that eat away polyurethane. This would make it possible to break down the material in the environment. The results were recently reported in a study in the publication Frontiers in Microbiology. Hermann Heipieper helped write the report. He said in a statement the finding “represents an important step in being able to reuse polyurethane products.”
German study noted that plastic-eating bacteria could be easily controlled and produced for industrial use. The researchers said the next step is to find more information about the bacterial enzymes that can break down polyurethane.
Scientist Douglas Rader wrote about the issue in a 2018 article for the Environmental Defense Fund. He said much more study should be carried out to learn about the complex relationships between bacteria and marine ecosystems. “Such research is needed before we can take action such as putting plastic-eating bacteria into the ocean,” Rader wrote.
7. What is the problem about polyurethane
A. It seems difficult to transport when it goes to landfills.
B. It affects the quality of plastic products if widely used.
C It melts easily when exposed to the sun for a long time.
D. It pollutes the environment unless recycled or destroyed.
8. What do we know about the new type of bacteria from the text
A. It can produce harmful chemicals. B. It can gradually destroy polyurethane.
C. It is very hard to discover and control. D. It is very likely to increase plastic waste.
9 What is Douglas Rader's attitude towards the future use of the new bacterium
A. Doubtful. B. Disapproval.
C. Cautious. D. Enthusiastic.
10. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Plastic-eating Bacteria B. Plastic Waste — A Big Problem
C. Plastic and Ocean D. Polyurethane — A Bacteria killer
答案：
浙江省嘉兴市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
21-23 BCA 24-26 CDD 27-30 DCAB
浙江省嘉兴市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名画家，作家和雕刻家Albrecht Durer的生平事迹，特别强调了他在雕刻艺术方面的天赋和影响力。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容对于Albrecht Durer的描述“He was a painter, writer and engraver, but his first and probably greatest artistic influence was in the medium of printmaking.(他是一位画家、作家和雕刻家，但他的第一个可能也是最大的艺术影响是在版画的媒介上。)”可知，他在艺术方面的成就很大，且根据文章第二段“He actually expanded the craft of producing pictures for printing, giving it more depth, and he raised print-making into an art-form.(实际上，他扩大了为印刷而制作图片的工艺，赋予了它更大的深度，并将印刷术提升为一种艺术形式。)”可知，他在艺术方面很有自己的特点，由此可推知，他是一个有艺术天赋的人。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Indeed, it was in 1513—1514 that Durer produced the three extraordinary engravings (“Knight, Death and DeviP”; “Melencolia”; “Saint Jerome in his Cell”) that had a strong influence on the art world and came to be known as the Master Engravings.(事实上，正是在1513—1514年，杜勒创作了三幅非凡的版画（“骑士、死亡和德维普”；”“梅兰科利亚”；“圣杰罗姆在他的牢房”），对艺术界产生了强大的影响，并成为著名的雕刻大师。)”可知，这三幅作品是在1513年至1514年期间创作的，即，16世纪早期。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“As his art became increasingly valuable, Durer’s signature was always copied, which even led him to accuse the engraver Marcantonio Raimondi of repeatedly copying his works and signature and selling them off as originals.(随着Durer的作品越来越有价值，他的签名总是被模仿，他甚至指责雕刻师Marcantonio Raimondi反复模仿他的作品和签名，然后当真品出售。)”可知，Durer的作品很有价值，以致于雕刻师Marcantonio Raimondi模仿他的作品和签名进行出售，由此可推知，作为版画家，Durer享有很高的声誉。故选C项。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居，这一情况可能正在摧毁美国人的社区的社会现象。文章介绍了《消失的邻居》一书的作者对此的看法，以及这一现象可能导致的影响。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“But recently fewer and fewer Americans seem to know their neighbors.”以及后文“may be destroying Americans communities”可知，最近越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居，即与邻居缺乏亲密关系可能正在摧毁美国人的社区。故画线词指的是“与邻居缺乏亲密关系”。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But he said the middle-circle is necessary to strengthening local communities. Relationships with neighbors are important for debate, hearing different ideas and finding compromise.(但他说，中间圈子对于加强当地社区是必要的。与邻居的关系对于辩论、听取不同意见和寻求妥协都很重要)”可知，拥有中间圈子的关系可以与他人分享意见。故选B。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But recently fewer and fewer Americans seem to know their neighbors. That may be destroying Americans communities.(但是最近越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居。这可能正在摧毁美国人的社区)”结合文章主要说明了越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居，这一情况可能正在摧毁美国人的社区的社会现象。文章介绍了《消失的邻居》一书的作者对此的看法，以及这一现象可能导致的影响。可知，D选项“美国社区正在消失吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。
【答案】7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今在一个充斥着在线购物、商业算法和流媒体娱乐的时代，我们中的大多数人很少会面对那些与我们以前的兴趣或偏见不相符的数字事物，但现在有人在努力反击，提出了一种摆脱算法控制的新方法，文章就这种方法举出了具体的例子。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In an age of online shopping, commercial algorithms and streamed entertainment, most of us rarely face up to things that have not been digitally matched to our previous interests or prejudices. Few will have avoided the suggestion “if you've enjoyed X, then you'll like Y and Z” as they surf the internet looking for books, films or music. (在一个充斥着在线购物、商业算法和流媒体娱乐的时代，我们中的大多数人很少会面对那些与我们以前的兴趣或偏见不相符的数字事物。当他们上网寻找书籍、电影或音乐时，很少有人会避免这样的建议：“如果你喜欢X，那么你就会喜欢Y和Z”)”可知，第一段主要讲了一个与偏好相关的网络现象。故选C。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“A new self-help book by Neil Farber; an American academic and doctor focuses on the vital role that chance plays in enriching our lives and thoughts. An unconventional service, Trade Journal Cooperative is offering to send a random publication direct to your door four times a year, from Professional Pasta to American Funeral Director or Plumber Magazine. (Neil Farber的一本新自助书；一位美国学者兼医生专注于机会在丰富我们的生活和思想中所起的重要作用。这是一项非传统的服务，行业杂志合作社每年提供四次随机的出版物直接送到你家门口，从《专业意大利面》到《美国殡仪馆主任》或《管道工杂志》)”可推知，提到第三段的例子是为了表明生命中机会的重要性。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The music on Stack is instead chosen by a number of DJs and musicians and, importantly, listeners cannot influence what it plays. (Stack上的音乐是由许多DJ和音乐家选择的，重要的是，听众不能影响它播放什么)”可知，Stack应用程序通过提供专家建议，帮助听众选择歌曲。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Algorithms reduce diversity and chance. And it's that element of chance, of discovering a new track, that an algorithm can't compete with. I do believe that human beings can do it better than algorithms. (算法减少多样性和机会。正是这种偶然的因素，发现了一条新赛道，这是算法无法匹敌的。我确实相信人类能比算法做得更好)”结合文章主要说明了如今在一个充斥着在线购物、商业算法和流媒体娱乐的时代，我们中的大多数人很少会面对那些与我们以前的兴趣或偏见不相符的数字事物，但现在有人在努力反击，提出了一种摆脱算法控制的新方法，文章就这种方法举出了具体的例子。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡一种摆脱算法控制的新方法。故选C。
浙江省嘉兴市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者的母亲是一个意大利移民，尽管在美国生活，但她仍坚持着很多意大利人的家庭传统，其中最让作者难忘的是小时候母亲做的意大利饭团，作者由此认识到家庭传统食物能够让爱延续。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My mother, Gina, an immigrant from Calabria, held on to so many of her family's traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in the United States, our home felt like part of Italy.”（我的母亲吉娜是来自卡拉布里亚的移民，她坚持着很多家庭传统，以至于有时候，尽管住在美国，但我感觉我们家就像一个意大利家庭）可知，作者的母亲非常重视家庭传统，故D项正确。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Every day was “Thanksgiving” because times were tough, so food — and how it found its way onto the table ——was a holy matter. One of the greatest lessons my mother taught me in the kitchen is to cook what you have on hand, and to never let anything go to waste.”可知，每一天都是感恩节，因为日子不好过，所以餐桌上的食物是非常神圣的东西，母亲在厨房里教给我的最重要的一课就是充分利用手里的每一样食材，不要浪费食物，由此可知，作者提到感恩节是为了表明她的家人珍惜来之不易的食物，故C项正确。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Heritage food is the love we receive from our parents and grandparents, and it's the love we in turn give to our children and grandchildren.”可知，家庭传统食物是我们从父母和祖父母那里得到的爱，也是我们继而给我们的子孙后代的爱，由此可知，作者认为家庭传统食物让家庭的爱代代相传，故B项正确。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家发现了一颗类似地球的行星KOI-456.04，并对其进行了一些研究。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段Scientists have found a potentially habitable(可居住的)planet and its star outside our Solar System are more similar to the Earth and our Sun than any other known planet-star pair.可知，科学家发现，一个潜在可居住的行星及其在我们太阳系之外的恒星比其他任何已知的行星恒星都更类似于地球和太阳。由此可知，这个新发现的行星特别之处在于，它有可能有生命存在。故选C。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句To be considered habitable, planets must orbit a stable star that keeps a temperature suitable for liquid water.可知，要想被认为适合居住，行星必须围绕一颗稳定的恒星运行，并保持适宜液态水的温度。结合常识我们知道，行星一般是围绕着恒星转动的，由此可知，此处划线单词 “orbit”的意思是“围绕……运动”。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段If KOI-456.04 s atmosphere is like the Earths — meaning it has a mild greenhouse effect, then its average surface temperature would be about 5 degrees Celsius, compared to the Earth's average of 15 degrees Celsius, according to the Max Planck Institute .可知，根据Max Planck研究所，如果KOI-456.04大气层像地球一样——这意味着它有轻微的温室效应，那么它的平均表面温度将是5摄氏度左右，而地球的平均温度是15摄氏度。由此可推知，科学家在研究KOI-456.04时，更在乎的是KOI-456.04的大气是否和地球的类似。故选B。
【答案】7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述科学家发现了一种食用塑料聚氨酯的细菌。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Researchers have discovered a new bacterium that feeds on polyurethane…a flood of hard — to — recycle plastics that are ending up in the world's landfills（垃圾填埋地） and polluting oceans.可知，聚氨酯是一种很难回收或销毁的塑料，这种难以回收的塑料流入世界垃圾填埋场并污染海洋。由此可知，对于人们来说，聚氨酯的问题是，如果不回收或销毁，聚氨酯会污染环境。故选D。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段The team round that the bacterium can produce enzymes（酶）that eat away polyurethane. This would make it possible to break down the material in the environment.可知，研究小组认为这种细菌可以产生吞噬聚氨酯的酶。这将使分解环境中的物质成为可能。由此可知，这种新型细菌可以逐渐分解聚氨酯。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段He said much more study should be carried out to learn about the complex relationships between bacteria and marine ecosystems. 可知，Douglas Rader认为应该进行更多的研究来了解细菌和海洋生态系统之间的复杂关系。由此可知，Douglas Rader对这种新型细菌的前景持谨慎态度。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章，并结合第一段Researchers have discovered a new bacterium that feeds on polyurethane可知，本文主要讲述科学家发现了一种食用塑料聚氨酯的细菌。结合选项可知，选项A的描述符合题意。故选A。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍一个研究发现，该类文章的中心一般就在第一段。因此，考生直接抓住第一段中第一句“Researchers have discovered a new bacterium that feeds on polyurethane, a kind of plastic that is difficult to recycle or destroy. ”即可找到文章中心。