人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land单元复习学案（含答案）
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Unit 5 Working the Land
第一步：单元学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master subject clause
第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识
第三步：单元重难知识易混易错
主语从句
一、定义
主语从句是名词性从句的一种, 在复合句中作主语, 相当于名词。主语从句的位置可以在句首, 也可以用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面。
二、主语从句的引导词
1. 连词that、whether, 在主语从句中不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用, 不可省略, 其中that没有词义, whether表示“是否”, 但是不能换成if。
2. 连接代词what、who、which, 在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语, 不可省略。
3. 连接副词when、where、how、why, 在主语从句中作状语, 分别表示时间、地点、方式、原因等, 不可省略。
另外, wh-+ever, 如whoever、whatever、whichever等也可引导主语从句。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等, 不可省略。
三、it作形式主语的主语从句
在主语从句中如果主语太长, 宾语或表语又太短, 为了避免头重脚轻, 保持句子平衡, 通常会采用it作形式主语, 真正的主语从句放在后面。
常见的使用it作形式主语的结构:
It is said/reported/believed/well known that. . .
It is a pity that. . .
It is probable that. . .
It happened that. . .
It is no wonder that. . . . . .
四、主语从句的语序时态问题
主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序, 尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候, 主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。
Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
主语从句的时态根据具体语境来确定, 尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候, 有些同学会和when时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。
When he will come back is still unclear.
他什么时候回来还不清楚。
五、主语从句的主谓一致
主语从句作主语相当于名词, 和非谓语动词的动词-ing形式或者不定式作主语一样看作单数, 句子谓语应该使用单数形式。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
医生怀疑的是我的妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
练习：
1.It is still under discussion __________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
2.__________ beauty comes from within is widely accepted in today's society. Therefore, we should attach great importance to inner beauty.
3.__________ we will spend our summer holiday is still uncertain now, but I personally hope to go to a seaside city.
4.__________ you didn't finish your homework on time must be explained to me.
5.__________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
6.__________ makes New Zealand's universities stand out is their abilities to provide high-end education.
7.It is said that __________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
8.Every year, __________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
9.After being designated as the first special economic zone in China, __________ was once a fishing village has rapidly become a modern city.
10.It's uncertain __________ side effect the medicine will bring about, although two thousand patients have taken it.
答案：
1.答案：whether
解析：句意:人们还在讨论是否应该把旧的汽车站换成一家现代化的旅馆。分析句子结构可知,句中It为形式主语,"_______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not"为真正的主语;根据under discussion, or not且结合句意可知,空处应填whether。
2.答案：That
解析：句意:在当今社会,人们广泛认为美来自于内心。因此,我们应该非常重视内在美。分析句子结构可知,"_______ beauty comes from within"为主语从句,且从句中意义完整,不缺成分,故应用That引导主语从句。
3.答案：Where
解析：句意:我们将在哪里度过我们的暑假现在还不确定,但我个人希望去一个海滨城市。分析句子结构可知,"_______ we will spend our summer holiday"为主语从句;再由句意可知,此处应填Where。
4.答案：Why
解析：句意:你必须跟我解释一下你为什么没能按时完成作业。分析句子结构可知,该句为含有主语从句的复合句;再由句意可知,此处应填Why,表示"(说明理由)为什么"。
5.答案：When
解析：句意：那班被延误的航班将于什么时间起飞在很大程度上取决于天气（状况）。分析句子结构可知，"_______ the delayed flight will take off"是主语从句，再根据句意可知，此处表示"什么时候"，故填When。
6.答案：What
解析：句意:让新西兰的大学脱颖而出的是它们提供高端教育的能力。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语,指物,故应用连接代词What。
7.答案：how
解析：句意:据说,我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，根据句意可知，此处表示方式，应填连接副词how。
8.答案：whoever
解析： 句意：在每年的风筝节上，风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，指人，且此处并无范围可言，表示"……的任何人"，故填whoever。
9.答案：what
解析：句意：在被命名为中国第一个经济特区之后，曾经的渔村迅速变成了一个现代化城市。分析句子结构可知，"________ was once a fishing village"为主语从句且从句中缺少主语，又因为空处表示"什么"，故填what。
10.答案：what
解析：句意：尽管有2000名病人已经服用了这种药，但还不确定它会带来什么副作用。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填what。
第四步：单元核心素养对接高考
1.Charles Dickens It has been 150 years since Charles Dickens died, 184 years since his first work was released to the public and 156 years since his last completed book came out. In all of this time, these novels have never been out of print. Dickens may have left us, but his work remains timeless, ①______(fascinate) the majority of those who open their pages.
Most people have read, watched or at least heard of Dickens' stories, but what makes him and his work so popular Since he began novel writing in his 20s, Dickens constantly produced quality classics. Year after year his awaiting fans were not left ②______(disappoint) as their minds were fed with complex tales of romance, crime, hope and despair.
In the Victorian era he lived in, much of the work Dickens produced ③______(model) on the literature before him. He was one of the first writers of the time ④______(portray) honest examples of working-class people, giving many something to relate to. He focused on unfolding the good and bad qualities of characters which allowed his readers to follow their journeys and understand ⑤______ they may have acted in the unusual or shocking ways that they did.
Any Dickens fans will know the diverse and outrageous(耸人听闻的) characters coming to life between the pages. ⑥______ was special about this novelist's ability in imagining these characters' stories is that it comes from his own life's path. ⑦______ a young boy left to take care of himself in a workhouse to the wealthy figure he became through his writing successes, he knew what it was like to see in different lights. This deep understanding of his characters gave his fictional stories the strong element of believability ⑧______ is needed in a good novel.
Over a century and a half later, Dickens' themes can be relevant to today's world problems. His words and imagery have been transformed further into the media of modern film, television and even musical adaptations. ⑨______ set in a time unfamiliar to readers today, his work still enables everyone to relate to the love, hardship and sense of family that pours from the narratives. It is this aspect ⑩______ has carried Charles Dickens into the 21st century.
2. China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System ( BDS) has functioned effectively in the country's flood-control operations，and has helped the country fight against floods, ①_____(assist) in early warning and resident transfer (移民). Based on its ground stations and constellation (星座), the BDS system can provide centimeter-level and millimeter-level ②_____(accurate) in real-time processing and post-processing. Debris flow (泥石流) can ③_____(predict) through real-time danger monitoring to gain time for people to escape and rescue, which ④_____(ensure) the safety of people's lives and property.
⑤_____ function of the BDS system is short message communication, allowing users to send messages without the support of a mobile network. The BDS system can also aid international search and rescue with its bidirectional communication service. Ships in need ⑥_____ rescue can receive a reply from the ground station after sending a signal that is suffering and ⑦_____(much) advanced than before.
China will attempt to provide legal and policy (政策) ⑧_____(guarantee) and create a sound, open environment for the development of the BDS system. It is believed ⑨_____ the combination of BDS with ⑩_____(develop) technologies, including 5G, mobile communications and big data, will be further promoted to create new business models and growth points.
3. Antarctic scientists were left ①_______(astonish) when they discovered a unique creature at the bottom of the ocean, a documentary showed. The icy continent is ②_______ great interest to scientists as it is a totally unspoilt landscape ③_______ they can study the history of the earth and the effects of climate change. Thousands of scientists stay there, and they try to get a better idea of the icy continent's past by ④_______ (dig) below the ice.
The team of scientists started a journey through the surrounding waters of Antarctica ⑤_______ (discover) some of the most unusual oceanic life known to man. Thankfully, cameras were around to catch one of the strangest moments, when leading scientist Andrew Stewart made an interesting discovery about snailfish (狮子鱼). Snailfish are ⑥_______ (poor) understood and Andrew may have found a new species. The sea ⑦_______ (have) a wide variety of fish to thrill biologists.
“⑧_______ surprises me is that there may be about 115 species of this snailfish there,” Andrew said, “this is why I came to Antarctica, seeing things like this. It's just beyond words. We now have the whole ⑨_______ (family) of fish that are found nowhere else in the world except in the Southern Ocean. These are ⑩_______ (attract) animals.”
答案：
1.答案：①fascinating②disappointed③was modelled④to portray⑤why⑥What⑦From⑧which/that⑨Though/Although/While⑩that
解析：①考查现在分词。句意:狄更斯也许已经离开了我们,但他的作品仍然是永恒的,吸引着大多数打开他们的页面的人(阅读他的书籍的人)。本句已有谓语动词remains,动词fascinate应用非谓语动词形式,且与主语之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词表主动,作状语。故填fascinating。
②考查形容词。句意:年复一年,等待他的粉丝们并没有失望,因为他们的脑海里充满了复杂的浪漫、犯罪、希望和绝望的故事。空处作系动词felt的表语,应改为形容词,且主语fans为人,所以用-ed形式的形容词。故填disappointed。
③考查动词时态及语态。句意:在他生活的维多利亚时代,狄更斯作品中很多部分都是模仿他之前的文学作品。空处为本句谓语,且model与主语work之间为被动关系,应用被动语态结构be done,结合状语"In the Victorian era"可知此处时态为一般过去时,主语work在这里为单数。故填was modelled。
④考查动词不定式。句意:他是当时第一批描绘工人阶级诚实的例子的作家之一,给出了许多与之相关的东西。句子已有谓语was,portray应用非谓语动词形式,结合"one of the first +n+to do"表示"第一批/最早做……之一"的固定搭配可知,此处应用动词不定式,作后置定语。故填to portray。
⑤考查宾语从句。句意:他专注于展现人物的好与坏,让读者了解他们的旅程,并理解他们为何会以不同寻常或令人震惊的方式行事。分析句子可知,此处包含一个宾语从句,结合句意可知,从句缺少原因状语,所以用why引导该从句。故填why。
⑥考查主语从句。句意:这位小说家想象这些人物故事的能力的特殊之处在于,它来自于他自己的人生道路。分析句子可知,此处包含一个主语从句,由句子结构和句意可知,从句缺少主语,表示"特殊之处在于什么",应用what引导该从句,作从句的主语。故填What。
⑦考查介词。句意:从一个在生活在济贫院里的小男孩,到他通过成功的写作成为一个富有的人物,他知道从不同的角度看是什么样的。由句意和to可知,此处表示"从……到……",应用固定搭配"from…to…"。故填From。
⑧考查定语从句。句意:这种对人物的深刻理解使他的小说具有了一部好小说所需要的强烈的可信因素。分析句子可知,此处包含一个定语从句,先行词为believability,指物,且从句缺少主语,可以用关系代词which或that代替先行词,引导该从句,作从句的主语。故填which/that。
⑨考查让步状语从句。句意:尽管他的作品所处的时代对今天的读者来说并不陌生,但它仍然让每个人都能感受到故事中倾泻出来的爱、艰辛和家庭感。由句意和still可知,此处包含一个让步状语从句,空处位于句首,可用though, although或while引导该从句。故填Though/Although/While。
⑩考查强调句。句意:正是这一方面把查尔斯 狄更斯带入了21世纪。分析句子结构结合句意可知,此处为"It is+强调部分+that/who+从句"的强调句式,强调部分为"this aspect",指物,所以本句用that引导从句。故填that。
2.答案：①assisting②accuracy③be predicted④ensures⑤Another⑥of⑦more⑧guarantees⑨that⑩developed
解析：①考查非谓语。句意:中国的北斗卫星导航系统在国家的洪水控制操作方面已经起到了有效的作用,并且已经帮助国家抵抗洪水,在早期的预警和居民转移上也有帮助。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查现在分词做伴随状语,和句子主语China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System是主动关系。故填assisting。
②考查名词。句意:基于它的地面站和星座,北斗卫星导航系统在实时处理和后处理方面可以提供厘米和毫米级别的准确性。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查名词,表示“准确性”的意思,是不可数名词,所以用单数形式。故填accuracy。
③考查动词。句意:泥石流可以通过实时危险检测被预测出来,为人们争取逃离和挽救的时间,这确保了人民的生命和财产安全。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查情态动词后面谓语动词的被动结构,be+过去分词。故填be predicted。
④考查谓语。句意:见第③题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查定语从句中一般现在时的谓语动词,主语是前面整个主句的内容,所以谓语用单数形式。故填ensures。
⑤考查代词。句意:北斗卫星导航系统的另外一个功能是短消息通信,这允许使用者不用移动网络就可以发送信息。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查代词表示“另一个”的意思。故填Another。
⑥考查介词短语。句意:需要救援的船在发送它的遭遇并且比以前先进的信号之后,可以接收到来自于地面基站的回复。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查介词短语 in need of,表示“需要”的意思。故填of。
⑦考查形容词比较级。句意:见第⑥题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知,后面有than before,所以这里考查多音节形容词的比较级形式more+原级。故填more。
⑧考查名词。句意:中国将尽力为北斗卫星导航系统提供法律和政策的保障,并且创造一个安全开放的环境。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查可数名词复数形式表示泛指,做宾语。故填guarantees。
⑨考查主语从句。句意:人们认为,北斗卫星导航系统和发达的技术,包括5G,移动交流和大数据,的结合,将会更进一步被提升来创造新的商业模式和经济增长点。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查主语从句,It是形式主语,believed后面是真正的主语从句成分,从句中基本成分完整,不需要意思的连贯。故填that。
⑩考查形容词。句意:见第⑨题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查形容词,表示“发达的”意思,修饰后面的名词technologies。故填developed。
3.答案：①astonished②of③where④digging⑤to discover⑥poorly⑦has⑧what⑨families⑩attractive
解析：①考查形容词。句意:一部纪录片显示,当南极科学家在海底发现一种独特的生物时,他们震惊了。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作宾补,leave sb.+adj意思是“让某人处于什么状态”,再结合语境可知,此处意为“感到震惊的”,修饰形容人,故应用v-ed形式的形容词astonished。故填astonished。
②考查介词。句意:科学家们对这片冰封的大陆非常感兴趣,因为它是一片完全未受破坏的土地,他们可以在这里研究地球的历史和气候变化的影响。be of+adj.+n.该名词的形容词形式,be of great interest-be very interesting,固定搭配,符合题意。故填of。
③考查定语从句。句意:科学家们对这片冰封的大陆非常感兴趣,因为它是一片完全未被破坏的土地,他们可以在这里研究地球的历史和气候变化带来的影响。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,关系词代替先行词landscape,在从句中充当地点状语应用关系副词where。故填where。
④考查动名词。句意:成干上万的科学家呆在那里,在冰下挖掘,以了解这片冰封大陆的过去。分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动词作宾语,前面有介词by,后面接动名词作宾语,构成介宾结构。故填digging。
⑤考查动词不定式。句意:科学家小组开始了一次穿越南极洲周围水域的旅行,以发现一些人类已知的最不寻常的海洋生物。根据句意可知,此处表目的用动词不定式to do,作目的状语。故填to discover。
⑥考查副词。句意:人们对狮子鱼知之甚少,安德鲁可能已经发现了一个新物种。此处修饰动词understood用副词形式作状语。故填poorly。
⑦考查时态和主谓一致。句意:海洋中有各种各样的鱼类,生物学家们为此感到兴奋。主语the sea,泛指海洋,谓语动词用单数形式,结合上下文,时态为一般现在时。故填has。
⑧考查主语从句。句意: “让我惊讶的是,那里可能有大约l15种这种狮子鱼,”安德鲁说。分析句子结构,surprises me缺少主语,又要引导主语从句,what什么,可以在从句作主语,又可引导主语从句,符合句子结构的需要。故填what。
⑨考查名词复数。句意:我们现在有了全世界除了南大洋以外其它地方都找不到的鱼类家族。根据句意可知,此处表达“不止一个鱼类家族”,family应该用复数形式。故填families。
⑩考查形容词。句意:这些是有吸引力的动物。分析句子结构,此处修饰后面名词animals,应该用形容词形式作前置定语, attractive 有吸引人的,符合题意。故填attractive。
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第一步：单元学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master subject clause
第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识
第三步：单元重难知识易混易错
主语从句
一、定义
主语从句是名词性从句的一种, 在复合句中作主语, 相当于名词。主语从句的位置可以在句首, 也可以用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面。
二、主语从句的引导词
1. 连词that、whether, 在主语从句中不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用, 不可省略, 其中that没有词义, whether表示“是否”, 但是不能换成if。
2. 连接代词what、who、which, 在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语, 不可省略。
3. 连接副词when、where、how、why, 在主语从句中作状语, 分别表示时间、地点、方式、原因等, 不可省略。
另外, wh-+ever, 如whoever、whatever、whichever等也可引导主语从句。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等, 不可省略。
三、it作形式主语的主语从句
在主语从句中如果主语太长, 宾语或表语又太短, 为了避免头重脚轻, 保持句子平衡, 通常会采用it作形式主语, 真正的主语从句放在后面。
常见的使用it作形式主语的结构:
It is said/reported/believed/well known that. . .
It is a pity that. . .
It is probable that. . .
It happened that. . .
It is no wonder that. . . . . .
四、主语从句的语序时态问题
主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序, 尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候, 主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。
Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
主语从句的时态根据具体语境来确定, 尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候, 有些同学会和when时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。
When he will come back is still unclear.
他什么时候回来还不清楚。
五、主语从句的主谓一致
主语从句作主语相当于名词, 和非谓语动词的动词-ing形式或者不定式作主语一样看作单数, 句子谓语应该使用单数形式。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
医生怀疑的是我的妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
练习：
1.It is still under discussion __________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
2.__________ beauty comes from within is widely accepted in today's society. Therefore, we should attach great importance to inner beauty.
3.__________ we will spend our summer holiday is still uncertain now, but I personally hope to go to a seaside city.
4.__________ you didn't finish your homework on time must be explained to me.
5.__________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
6.__________ makes New Zealand's universities stand out is their abilities to provide high-end education.
7.It is said that __________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
8.Every year, __________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
9.After being designated as the first special economic zone in China, __________ was once a fishing village has rapidly become a modern city.
10.It's uncertain __________ side effect the medicine will bring about, although two thousand patients have taken it.
答案：
1.答案：whether
解析：句意:人们还在讨论是否应该把旧的汽车站换成一家现代化的旅馆。分析句子结构可知,句中It为形式主语,"_______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not"为真正的主语;根据under discussion, or not且结合句意可知,空处应填whether。
2.答案：That
解析：句意:在当今社会,人们广泛认为美来自于内心。因此,我们应该非常重视内在美。分析句子结构可知,"_______ beauty comes from within"为主语从句,且从句中意义完整,不缺成分,故应用That引导主语从句。
3.答案：Where
解析：句意:我们将在哪里度过我们的暑假现在还不确定,但我个人希望去一个海滨城市。分析句子结构可知,"_______ we will spend our summer holiday"为主语从句;再由句意可知,此处应填Where。
4.答案：Why
解析：句意:你必须跟我解释一下你为什么没能按时完成作业。分析句子结构可知,该句为含有主语从句的复合句;再由句意可知,此处应填Why,表示"(说明理由)为什么"。
5.答案：When
解析：句意：那班被延误的航班将于什么时间起飞在很大程度上取决于天气（状况）。分析句子结构可知，"_______ the delayed flight will take off"是主语从句，再根据句意可知，此处表示"什么时候"，故填When。
6.答案：What
解析：句意:让新西兰的大学脱颖而出的是它们提供高端教育的能力。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语,指物,故应用连接代词What。
7.答案：how
解析：句意:据说,我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，根据句意可知，此处表示方式，应填连接副词how。
8.答案：whoever
解析： 句意：在每年的风筝节上，风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，指人，且此处并无范围可言，表示"……的任何人"，故填whoever。
9.答案：what
解析：句意：在被命名为中国第一个经济特区之后，曾经的渔村迅速变成了一个现代化城市。分析句子结构可知，"________ was once a fishing village"为主语从句且从句中缺少主语，又因为空处表示"什么"，故填what。
10.答案：what
解析：句意：尽管有2000名病人已经服用了这种药，但还不确定它会带来什么副作用。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填what。
第四步：单元核心素养对接高考
1.Charles Dickens It has been 150 years since Charles Dickens died, 184 years since his first work was released to the public and 156 years since his last completed book came out. In all of this time, these novels have never been out of print. Dickens may have left us, but his work remains timeless, ①______(fascinate) the majority of those who open their pages.
Most people have read, watched or at least heard of Dickens' stories, but what makes him and his work so popular Since he began novel writing in his 20s, Dickens constantly produced quality classics. Year after year his awaiting fans were not left ②______(disappoint) as their minds were fed with complex tales of romance, crime, hope and despair.
In the Victorian era he lived in, much of the work Dickens produced ③______(model) on the literature before him. He was one of the first writers of the time ④______(portray) honest examples of working-class people, giving many something to relate to. He focused on unfolding the good and bad qualities of characters which allowed his readers to follow their journeys and understand ⑤______ they may have acted in the unusual or shocking ways that they did.
Any Dickens fans will know the diverse and outrageous(耸人听闻的) characters coming to life between the pages. ⑥______ was special about this novelist's ability in imagining these characters' stories is that it comes from his own life's path. ⑦______ a young boy left to take care of himself in a workhouse to the wealthy figure he became through his writing successes, he knew what it was like to see in different lights. This deep understanding of his characters gave his fictional stories the strong element of believability ⑧______ is needed in a good novel.
Over a century and a half later, Dickens' themes can be relevant to today's world problems. His words and imagery have been transformed further into the media of modern film, television and even musical adaptations. ⑨______ set in a time unfamiliar to readers today, his work still enables everyone to relate to the love, hardship and sense of family that pours from the narratives. It is this aspect ⑩______ has carried Charles Dickens into the 21st century.
2. China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System ( BDS) has functioned effectively in the country's flood-control operations，and has helped the country fight against floods, ①_____(assist) in early warning and resident transfer (移民). Based on its ground stations and constellation (星座), the BDS system can provide centimeter-level and millimeter-level ②_____(accurate) in real-time processing and post-processing. Debris flow (泥石流) can ③_____(predict) through real-time danger monitoring to gain time for people to escape and rescue, which ④_____(ensure) the safety of people's lives and property.
⑤_____ function of the BDS system is short message communication, allowing users to send messages without the support of a mobile network. The BDS system can also aid international search and rescue with its bidirectional communication service. Ships in need ⑥_____ rescue can receive a reply from the ground station after sending a signal that is suffering and ⑦_____(much) advanced than before.
China will attempt to provide legal and policy (政策) ⑧_____(guarantee) and create a sound, open environment for the development of the BDS system. It is believed ⑨_____ the combination of BDS with ⑩_____(develop) technologies, including 5G, mobile communications and big data, will be further promoted to create new business models and growth points.
3. Antarctic scientists were left ①_______(astonish) when they discovered a unique creature at the bottom of the ocean, a documentary showed. The icy continent is ②_______ great interest to scientists as it is a totally unspoilt landscape ③_______ they can study the history of the earth and the effects of climate change. Thousands of scientists stay there, and they try to get a better idea of the icy continent's past by ④_______ (dig) below the ice.
The team of scientists started a journey through the surrounding waters of Antarctica ⑤_______ (discover) some of the most unusual oceanic life known to man. Thankfully, cameras were around to catch one of the strangest moments, when leading scientist Andrew Stewart made an interesting discovery about snailfish (狮子鱼). Snailfish are ⑥_______ (poor) understood and Andrew may have found a new species. The sea ⑦_______ (have) a wide variety of fish to thrill biologists.
“⑧_______ surprises me is that there may be about 115 species of this snailfish there,” Andrew said, “this is why I came to Antarctica, seeing things like this. It's just beyond words. We now have the whole ⑨_______ (family) of fish that are found nowhere else in the world except in the Southern Ocean. These are ⑩_______ (attract) animals.”
答案：
1.答案：①fascinating②disappointed③was modelled④to portray⑤why⑥What⑦From⑧which/that⑨Though/Although/While⑩that
解析：①考查现在分词。句意:狄更斯也许已经离开了我们,但他的作品仍然是永恒的,吸引着大多数打开他们的页面的人(阅读他的书籍的人)。本句已有谓语动词remains,动词fascinate应用非谓语动词形式,且与主语之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词表主动,作状语。故填fascinating。
②考查形容词。句意:年复一年,等待他的粉丝们并没有失望,因为他们的脑海里充满了复杂的浪漫、犯罪、希望和绝望的故事。空处作系动词felt的表语,应改为形容词,且主语fans为人,所以用-ed形式的形容词。故填disappointed。
③考查动词时态及语态。句意:在他生活的维多利亚时代,狄更斯作品中很多部分都是模仿他之前的文学作品。空处为本句谓语,且model与主语work之间为被动关系,应用被动语态结构be done,结合状语"In the Victorian era"可知此处时态为一般过去时,主语work在这里为单数。故填was modelled。
④考查动词不定式。句意:他是当时第一批描绘工人阶级诚实的例子的作家之一,给出了许多与之相关的东西。句子已有谓语was,portray应用非谓语动词形式,结合"one of the first +n+to do"表示"第一批/最早做……之一"的固定搭配可知,此处应用动词不定式,作后置定语。故填to portray。
⑤考查宾语从句。句意:他专注于展现人物的好与坏,让读者了解他们的旅程,并理解他们为何会以不同寻常或令人震惊的方式行事。分析句子可知,此处包含一个宾语从句,结合句意可知,从句缺少原因状语,所以用why引导该从句。故填why。
⑥考查主语从句。句意:这位小说家想象这些人物故事的能力的特殊之处在于,它来自于他自己的人生道路。分析句子可知,此处包含一个主语从句,由句子结构和句意可知,从句缺少主语,表示"特殊之处在于什么",应用what引导该从句,作从句的主语。故填What。
⑦考查介词。句意:从一个在生活在济贫院里的小男孩,到他通过成功的写作成为一个富有的人物,他知道从不同的角度看是什么样的。由句意和to可知,此处表示"从……到……",应用固定搭配"from…to…"。故填From。
⑧考查定语从句。句意:这种对人物的深刻理解使他的小说具有了一部好小说所需要的强烈的可信因素。分析句子可知,此处包含一个定语从句,先行词为believability,指物,且从句缺少主语,可以用关系代词which或that代替先行词,引导该从句,作从句的主语。故填which/that。
⑨考查让步状语从句。句意:尽管他的作品所处的时代对今天的读者来说并不陌生,但它仍然让每个人都能感受到故事中倾泻出来的爱、艰辛和家庭感。由句意和still可知,此处包含一个让步状语从句,空处位于句首,可用though, although或while引导该从句。故填Though/Although/While。
⑩考查强调句。句意:正是这一方面把查尔斯 狄更斯带入了21世纪。分析句子结构结合句意可知,此处为"It is+强调部分+that/who+从句"的强调句式,强调部分为"this aspect",指物,所以本句用that引导从句。故填that。
2.答案：①assisting②accuracy③be predicted④ensures⑤Another⑥of⑦more⑧guarantees⑨that⑩developed
解析：①考查非谓语。句意:中国的北斗卫星导航系统在国家的洪水控制操作方面已经起到了有效的作用,并且已经帮助国家抵抗洪水,在早期的预警和居民转移上也有帮助。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查现在分词做伴随状语,和句子主语China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System是主动关系。故填assisting。
②考查名词。句意:基于它的地面站和星座,北斗卫星导航系统在实时处理和后处理方面可以提供厘米和毫米级别的准确性。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查名词,表示“准确性”的意思,是不可数名词,所以用单数形式。故填accuracy。
③考查动词。句意:泥石流可以通过实时危险检测被预测出来,为人们争取逃离和挽救的时间,这确保了人民的生命和财产安全。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查情态动词后面谓语动词的被动结构,be+过去分词。故填be predicted。
④考查谓语。句意:见第③题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查定语从句中一般现在时的谓语动词,主语是前面整个主句的内容,所以谓语用单数形式。故填ensures。
⑤考查代词。句意:北斗卫星导航系统的另外一个功能是短消息通信,这允许使用者不用移动网络就可以发送信息。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查代词表示“另一个”的意思。故填Another。
⑥考查介词短语。句意:需要救援的船在发送它的遭遇并且比以前先进的信号之后,可以接收到来自于地面基站的回复。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查介词短语 in need of,表示“需要”的意思。故填of。
⑦考查形容词比较级。句意:见第⑥题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知,后面有than before,所以这里考查多音节形容词的比较级形式more+原级。故填more。
⑧考查名词。句意:中国将尽力为北斗卫星导航系统提供法律和政策的保障,并且创造一个安全开放的环境。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查可数名词复数形式表示泛指,做宾语。故填guarantees。
⑨考查主语从句。句意:人们认为,北斗卫星导航系统和发达的技术,包括5G,移动交流和大数据,的结合,将会更进一步被提升来创造新的商业模式和经济增长点。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查主语从句,It是形式主语,believed后面是真正的主语从句成分,从句中基本成分完整,不需要意思的连贯。故填that。
⑩考查形容词。句意:见第⑨题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查形容词,表示“发达的”意思,修饰后面的名词technologies。故填developed。
3.答案：①astonished②of③where④digging⑤to discover⑥poorly⑦has⑧what⑨families⑩attractive
解析：①考查形容词。句意:一部纪录片显示,当南极科学家在海底发现一种独特的生物时,他们震惊了。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作宾补,leave sb.+adj意思是“让某人处于什么状态”,再结合语境可知,此处意为“感到震惊的”,修饰形容人,故应用v-ed形式的形容词astonished。故填astonished。
②考查介词。句意:科学家们对这片冰封的大陆非常感兴趣,因为它是一片完全未受破坏的土地,他们可以在这里研究地球的历史和气候变化的影响。be of+adj.+n.该名词的形容词形式,be of great interest-be very interesting,固定搭配,符合题意。故填of。
③考查定语从句。句意:科学家们对这片冰封的大陆非常感兴趣,因为它是一片完全未被破坏的土地,他们可以在这里研究地球的历史和气候变化带来的影响。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,关系词代替先行词landscape,在从句中充当地点状语应用关系副词where。故填where。
④考查动名词。句意:成干上万的科学家呆在那里,在冰下挖掘,以了解这片冰封大陆的过去。分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动词作宾语,前面有介词by,后面接动名词作宾语,构成介宾结构。故填digging。
⑤考查动词不定式。句意:科学家小组开始了一次穿越南极洲周围水域的旅行,以发现一些人类已知的最不寻常的海洋生物。根据句意可知,此处表目的用动词不定式to do,作目的状语。故填to discover。
⑥考查副词。句意:人们对狮子鱼知之甚少,安德鲁可能已经发现了一个新物种。此处修饰动词understood用副词形式作状语。故填poorly。
⑦考查时态和主谓一致。句意:海洋中有各种各样的鱼类,生物学家们为此感到兴奋。主语the sea,泛指海洋,谓语动词用单数形式,结合上下文,时态为一般现在时。故填has。
⑧考查主语从句。句意: “让我惊讶的是,那里可能有大约l15种这种狮子鱼,”安德鲁说。分析句子结构,surprises me缺少主语,又要引导主语从句,what什么,可以在从句作主语,又可引导主语从句,符合句子结构的需要。故填what。
⑨考查名词复数。句意:我们现在有了全世界除了南大洋以外其它地方都找不到的鱼类家族。根据句意可知,此处表达“不止一个鱼类家族”,family应该用复数形式。故填families。
⑩考查形容词。句意:这些是有吸引力的动物。分析句子结构,此处修饰后面名词animals,应该用形容词形式作前置定语, attractive 有吸引人的,符合题意。故填attractive。
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