2023届高考英语核心语法专题：动词的时态 精讲精练（通用版含答案）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023届高考英语核心语法：动词突破篇（一）
动词的时态 精讲精练
Part I 自主检测
一．语法填空（2023届山东济宁市高三上学期期中考试）
Recently,16 Chinese online novels have been added to the collection of the British Library. __1__ (cover)themes of science fiction,history,reality and fantasy, these works are considered the classics off Chinese online literature from the past 20 years.
The library usually selects works__2._________(base) on their popularity or by considering an item's value.Readers can check the information about the 16 books on the library's website,and borrow printed_3. ______(copy).As one of the current key parts of mass cultural consumption,__4._ began with“fast food” romances, fantasies and mysteries,the Chinese online literature industry has received increasing __5._____________(recognize)from home and abroad.
One of the 16 novels,Happiness in Palm tells a story about love and delicacies（美食）in ancient times.The author created a__6.___________（represent） heroine who was tough and intelligent, facing up to hardships with courage, perseverance and optimism.“It’s __ 7.___________-__surprise to m that online fiction can be added to the collection of a foreign library._8.___________feels like the path of online novel writing is becoming much__9._________ (wide)”the writer says.
Great Power,Heavy Industry tells of how China's manufacturing industries__10.________ (grow)stronger in recent decades,and foreign readers can learn about the Chinese system and culture behind the country's swift economic development,getting to know China better in the process.
单句语法填空
The teacher and poet often (give) lectures around the city.
It is the first time that my son (meet) Zhong Nanshan，the renowned Chinese hero face to face.
By about 6,000 BC，people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
I _______________（drive）down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
5. If it _____________(not rain)tomorrow, the students will go to the movies.
6.The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — (touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
7.I’m tired out. I__________________（shop）all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
8.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ______________(appear)on the market in 1973.
9.Planing so far ahead ____________(make)no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
10.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.
Part II 动词的时态详解
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例) 黑体为高考核心考点
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般时 do/does did shall/will do should/would do
进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing
完成时 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done
完成进 行时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing
要点一 一般态
1．一般现在时：时间标记词：usually、always、often、sometimes、every day、every Sunday、never、seldom、every year、every week等表示频率的词。
(1)一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加 s或 es，其变化规则如下表所示：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加 s helps, eats, rises, reads
以 s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词 加 es discuss→discusses teach→teaches
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为 ies carry→carries fly→flies
(2)一般现在时的用法
①．一般现在时除了可以表示现在的经常性、习惯性动作或存在的状态外，还可表示：
②客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
③用于here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
There goes the bell.铃响了。 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
④．表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。
The train leaves at 2：30 this afternoon．
⑤．在时间和条件状语从句中，主将从现；常用的引导词有：时间：when，until，after，before，as soon as，once，the moment/the minute等；条件：if，unless，provided，so/as long as等。
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing.
2．一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的构成
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加 ed pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为 ied carry→carried marry→married
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字 母加 ed plan→planned chat→chatted
以不发音的 e结尾的动词 直接加 d like→liked provide→provided
(2)一般过去时的用法：
时间标记词：yesterday, last week, ... ago, in 1982, just now ，the other day(几天前)
一般过去时除了可以表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态外，还有以下用法：
①want, hope, think, intend等动词的一般过去时往往表示“过去原……”之意。
I thought he was an honest man.我原以为他是个老实人。
He didn't intend to hurt you.他本来没打算伤害你。
②．used to＋动词原形，表示过去的习惯性动作而现在已经不再发生了。
We used to spend our vacation in the mountains.
我们以前常常在山里度假。(暗示现在不再在山里度假了)
3．一般将来时
时间标记词：tomorrow 明天，the day after tomorrow 后天，next week/year 下周、明年，in the future 在将来，the day after tomorrow 后天，before long不久以后。
(1)一般将来时的构成 ①shall＋动词原形(第一人称)/ ②will＋动词原形(各种人称)
(2)一般将来时的用法
一般将来时除了可以表示将来的动作或存在的状态外，还有以下用法：
①will＋动词原形
will可用来表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。will表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。
Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。
—Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town
—No. I will go and visit him right now.
②be going to＋动词原形
“be going to＋动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。
He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他今晚要在电视上讲话。
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看这些乌云，要下雨了。
③be about to＋动词原形/be on the point of＋动名词。。。。 when
“be about to＋动词原形”及“be on the point of＋动名词”表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”，因此，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when(＝and at that time)引出的分句连用。
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
The plane is on the point of taking off. 飞机马上就要起飞了。
④有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。
I'm leaving for Beijing next month.下个月我要去北京。
⑤某些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情，这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、作息安排表等内容。
We must hurry up. The first class begins at eight o'clock. 我们必须快点。第一节课将在八点开始。
⑥be to＋动词原形
用法 例句
表示“按计划或安排即将要做的事” She is to get married next month. 她将于下个月结婚。
表示“按照职责、义务、规定等应该做某事”，相当于should, ought to You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。
表示注定要发生的事情 Your plan is to be a failure. 你的计划注定要失败。
即学即练 1：
1.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___________________ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
2.The 80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, (form)the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.
3. The new company__________________(found) in 1987 by Mr Ren, a former engineer.
4. The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars____________ (be) only three eighth of that on Earth.
5. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr Smith ___________(fall ) in love with the people and culture there.
6.The father as well as his three children __ (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
要点二 进行时态
(1)考纲对进行时态要求掌握的时态包括：现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时，它们的形式分别为：
(2)现在分词的构成形式：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加 ing try→trying
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加 ing regret→regretting ban→banning
以不发音的 e结尾的动词 去掉e，加 ing hate→hating date→dating
一．现在进行时 am/is/are+doing
1．表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
2．某些短暂性动词，如：come, go, start, arrive, return, begin, leave等用现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
3．某些动词的进行时表示逐渐地发生变化的过程。
My friend is_waiting_for me outside now．
He is_leaving_for Beijing next week．
She is_losing her eyesight．
（4）特殊用法：表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly，forever，all the time等连用。
过去进行时 was/were+doing
时间状语：at that time, then , this time yesterday last week, at 10 o’clock last night
1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
2．短暂性动词come, go, leave, arrive, begin等用于过去进行时，表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作。
He was_reading a book when I came in．
They were_coming to attend the meeting a few days later．
三．将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。
Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
即学即练 2：
1.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _______ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A.is working B. was working C. has worked D.had worked
2.At this time tomorrow we (fly) over the Atlantic Ocean.
要点三： 完成时态
一、现在完成时: has/have+ done
1．表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，常用recently, lately, ,ever, never, once, before,already, yet, just, so far, , up to now=till now=by now, in the last/past few days/years,for+一段时间,since +过去的时间点等作状语。
高频句型：
1.It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did...；
It has been 3 years since I entered this company.
2．“This/That/It is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that ．．．”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。
This is the second time that I have visited the university．
3.That/This/It is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + （that）从句＂中，that 从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。
三：过去完成时: had +done
时间标志词：by + 过去的时间点/by the end of + 过去的时间点/before + 过去的时间点。等
1．表示在过去某一时间或过去某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last term, we had_learned 2,000 words．
He had_left before I got home．
2．hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本……”。
We had_expected that you would be able to win the match．
3．“It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that ．．．”句式中，that引导的从句用过去完成时。
It_was the second time that she had_visited London．
4．“hardly/scarcely ．．． when ．．．”和“no sooner ．．． than ．．．”结构中，主句用过去完成时。
Hardly had the game started when it started to rain．
三、现在完成进行时 has/have been doing
表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且还会继续进行下去的动作，它具备“未完成性、感彩”等特点。
I am very tired． I have_been_painting the house all the afternoon．
即学即练3：
1.I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B.am hoping
C. have hoped D.would hope
2.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I___________(make) over the years.
3.—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practicing B．was practising
C．Would practise D．had practised
要点四
一、过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作作参照。
①．多在宾语从句 中考查 主过从过中
He said he would_wait for us at the bus stop．
②．一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态，即虚拟语气
If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.
今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
过去将来完成时 would/ should have done
过去将来完成时表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作已完成。
He knew by the time he arrived she would have gone home;
在他到时他才知道她已经回家了。
若表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，此时条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，而主句谓语则通常用过去将来完成时（would+have+过去分词），当然，主句谓语也可根据情况使用“should (could, might)+have+过去分词”。（后续虚拟语气专题 详解）
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life;
要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)
Part III 高考核心语法 专题训练： 动词的时态
单句语法填空
1.（2022年全国乙卷）A number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________(address)the opening ceremony.
（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected.
3.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _____________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
4．Since the 1980s, with the quickening of urbanization, many traditional houses ________ (disappear).
5．（2021新课标II卷）Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
6．（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists __________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
7．You are always_______________(watch )TV. Why not___________(find)something more active.
8.（2020北京卷）Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food_____(play) a big role in his life.
9．（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals______________ (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
10．Does the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question ______(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t.
11.It is the first time that I ________ (go) abroad．
12. That was the first time that I__________(notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetable of Chinese food.
13.By the time he was nine, Tom ______________ (master) a foreign language．
14.The girl ___ (shake) her head happily，and the pot of milk on her head immediately fell onto the ground.
15.Jim ______________ (watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank．
16.China's high speed railways _____________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years．
17.The news came as no surprise to me． I ___________ (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down．
18.Dramatic changes ___________________ (take) place during the past few years in China.
19.Some traditions ____________________ (fade) away and others are being established.
20.Recently, listening to loud music at rock concerts _____________ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
21．I first met Lily five years ago. She ____________ (work) as a nurse in a hospital at the time.
22．In 1969, the pollution ___________ (be) terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.
23．I don't catch what our teacher said, because I ____________ (think) about something else.
24．It___________ (be) a tradition since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stopped trading.
25．I___________ (walk) across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.
25．I am really exhausted. I _________(paint) the living room all day, but there is still much to do.
26．It's said that not getting enough sleep ________ (lead) to poor judgment，lack of creativity，and even depression.
25．Grain Buds, (Chinese: 小满), the 8th solar term of a year, ________ (mean) that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe.
26．Practicing, to sum up, ________ (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well.
27．The traditional Chinese marriage usually ________ (involve) some necessary procedures, such as match-making, engagement, meeting the bride, and three bows.
28．I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you ________ (feel) better.”
29．As a result, as the number of qubits (量子位) ________ (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.
30．There, he not only did well as a student but also ________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.
31．As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke ________ (rise) into the sky and hung over the sea.
32．Mike________(invite) some friends to his home for dinner yesterday.
33．Everyone ______(deserve) a right to health and a fair chance in life.
34．I soon ________ (spot) what the mistake was.
35．Tu Youyou became the first Chinese woman scientist who ________ ( lead) the project.
36．What ________(puzzle) me is that I don’t know the exact time for the test.
37．By the time I got to school, the first play ______ (be) on for nearly half an hour.
38．Tina ________ (think) about finding a new job for a whole year, but she hasn’t made her final decision yet.
39．Over the past 20 years, the Internet ______ (help) change our world in one way or another for the better.
40．Since the COVID-19__________ (burst) in 2020, it has become a serious problem around the world.
41．When she realized that she had left her handbag in the taxi, the taxi _________ (disappear).
42．He picked up his book and ________ reading even though it was already midnight. (continue)
43．All the furniture ________ (move) to another room before he came.
44．I have to get on the plane that ________ (take) off at 7:00 tonight.
45．My mother promised that she_______________(buy) a new computer for me.
46．If it is sunny tomorrow, I _________ (wash) my clothes.
47．The English teacher, as well as the students ________ (sing) a song when I passed the classroom.
48．A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents ____________ (be) nearly 320,000 in Beijing.
49．Overall, there________ (be) no difference in the nutritional content, although organic food was 30% less likely to contain pesticides.
50．So far the local government ___________ new policies which aim to reduce air pollution and they’ve proved effective. (adopt)
二．语法填空
Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the 1 (increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also 2 (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.
One of the world’s 3 (large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could 4 (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes 5 decide their qualities would disappear with them.
Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human 6 (activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land are also responsible. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from 7 (starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops 8 the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals 9 (control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality, 10. another result was that some traditional crops were lost.
三 、写作微练
1.Last Sunday, (我们学校举行了) a five-kilometer cross-country running race.
2. (我们周围有很多人) who are well worth respecting.
3.If possible, (我们可以和你在你的办公室见面吗) at 10 a.m. tomorrow
4.Surrounded by green trees, the farm (位于……脚下) the hill near our school.
5. I (现在写信向你求助) with our short English play adapted from our English textbook.
6.She (已经取得了巨大成就) in her work and (赢得尊重) from her students.
7.Until then, .(他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。)
8.这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。
__________________________________________
参考答案
Part I 自主检测
一．语法填空
1. Covering 2. based 3. copies 4. which 5. recognition
6. representative 7. a 8. It 9. wider 10.. have grown
二．单句语法填空
1.gives 2. has met 3. had discovered 4. was driving 5.doesn’t rain
6. touched 7. have been shopping 8. appeared 9. makes 10. carries
即学即练 1：1. will have 2.formed 3. was founded 4. is 5. fell 6. goes
即学即练 2: 1. B 2. will be flying
即学即练 3: 1.A 2. have made 3.A
高考动词时态专题训练 参考答案
单句语法填空
addressed 2.were 3.has walked 4.have disappear 5.was
6.have promised 7.watching , find 8.plays 9.had lived 10. suggests
11. have gone 12. had noticed 13.had mastered 14. shook 15.was watching
16.have grown 17.had known 18.have take 19.are fading 20.has caused
21. was working 22.was 23.was thinking 24. has been 25.was walking
26.have been painting 27.involves 28. will feel 29. increases 30.became
31. rose 32. deserves 33.invited 34spotted 35.led
36.puzzles 37.had been on 38.have been thinking 39.has helped 40. burst
41.had disappeared 42.continued 43. had been moved 44.takes 45. would buy
46.will wash 47.was singing 48.is 49.was 50. has adopted
语法填空（篇章）
1.increasing 2.helps 3.largest 4. permanently 5.that/ which
6.activities 7.starvation 8.with 9.to control 10.but/while/yet
三、写作微练
1.our school held
2.There are many people around us
3.shall we meet you in your office
4.is located/lies at the foot of
5.am writing to ask for your help
6.has made great achievements; has won respect
7.his family hadn't heard from him for six months.
8.This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
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2023届高考英语核心语法：动词突破篇（一）
动词的时态 精讲精练
Part I 自主检测
一．语法填空（2023届山东济宁市高三上学期期中考试）
Recently,16 Chinese online novels have been added to the collection of the British Library. __1__ (cover)themes of science fiction,history,reality and fantasy, these works are considered the classics off Chinese online literature from the past 20 years.
The library usually selects works__2._________(base) on their popularity or by considering an item's value.Readers can check the information about the 16 books on the library's website,and borrow printed_3. ______(copy).As one of the current key parts of mass cultural consumption,__4._ began with“fast food” romances, fantasies and mysteries,the Chinese online literature industry has received increasing __5._____________(recognize)from home and abroad.
One of the 16 novels,Happiness in Palm tells a story about love and delicacies（美食）in ancient times.The author created a__6.___________（represent） heroine who was tough and intelligent, facing up to hardships with courage, perseverance and optimism.“It’s __ 7.___________-__surprise to m that online fiction can be added to the collection of a foreign library._8.___________feels like the path of online novel writing is becoming much__9._________ (wide)”the writer says.
Great Power,Heavy Industry tells of how China's manufacturing industries__10.________ (grow)stronger in recent decades,and foreign readers can learn about the Chinese system and culture behind the country's swift economic development,getting to know China better in the process.
单句语法填空
The teacher and poet often (give) lectures around the city.
It is the first time that my son (meet) Zhong Nanshan，the renowned Chinese hero face to face.
By about 6,000 BC，people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
I _______________（drive）down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
5. If it _____________(not rain)tomorrow, the students will go to the movies.
6.The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — (touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
7.I’m tired out. I__________________（shop）all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.
8.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ______________(appear)on the market in 1973.
9.Planing so far ahead ____________(make)no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
10.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.
Part II 动词的时态详解
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例) 黑体为高考核心考点
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般时 do/does did shall/will do should/would do
进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing
完成时 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done
完成进 行时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing
要点一 一般态
1．一般现在时：时间标记词：usually、always、often、sometimes、every day、every Sunday、never、seldom、every year、every week等表示频率的词。
(1)一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加 s或 es，其变化规则如下表所示：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加 s helps, eats, rises, reads
以 s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词 加 es discuss→discusses teach→teaches
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为 ies carry→carries fly→flies
(2)一般现在时的用法
①．一般现在时除了可以表示现在的经常性、习惯性动作或存在的状态外，还可表示：
②客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
③用于here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
There goes the bell.铃响了。 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
④．表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。
The train leaves at 2：30 this afternoon．
⑤．在时间和条件状语从句中，主将从现；常用的引导词有：时间：when，until，after，before，as soon as，once，the moment/the minute等；条件：if，unless，provided，so/as long as等。
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing.
2．一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的构成
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加 ed pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为 ied carry→carried marry→married
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字 母加 ed plan→planned chat→chatted
以不发音的 e结尾的动词 直接加 d like→liked provide→provided
(2)一般过去时的用法：
时间标记词：yesterday, last week, ... ago, in 1982, just now ，the other day(几天前)
一般过去时除了可以表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态外，还有以下用法：
①want, hope, think, intend等动词的一般过去时往往表示“过去原……”之意。
I thought he was an honest man.我原以为他是个老实人。
He didn't intend to hurt you.他本来没打算伤害你。
②．used to＋动词原形，表示过去的习惯性动作而现在已经不再发生了。
We used to spend our vacation in the mountains.
我们以前常常在山里度假。(暗示现在不再在山里度假了)
3．一般将来时
时间标记词：tomorrow 明天，the day after tomorrow 后天，next week/year 下周、明年，in the future 在将来，the day after tomorrow 后天，before long不久以后。
(1)一般将来时的构成 ①shall＋动词原形(第一人称)/ ②will＋动词原形(各种人称)
(2)一般将来时的用法
一般将来时除了可以表示将来的动作或存在的状态外，还有以下用法：
①will＋动词原形
will可用来表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。will表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。
Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。
—Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town
—No. I will go and visit him right now.
②be going to＋动词原形
“be going to＋动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。
He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他今晚要在电视上讲话。
Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看这些乌云，要下雨了。
③be about to＋动词原形/be on the point of＋动名词。。。。 when
“be about to＋动词原形”及“be on the point of＋动名词”表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”，因此，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when(＝and at that time)引出的分句连用。
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
The plane is on the point of taking off. 飞机马上就要起飞了。
④有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。
I'm leaving for Beijing next month.下个月我要去北京。
⑤某些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情，这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、作息安排表等内容。
We must hurry up. The first class begins at eight o'clock. 我们必须快点。第一节课将在八点开始。
⑥be to＋动词原形
用法 例句
表示“按计划或安排即将要做的事” She is to get married next month. 她将于下个月结婚。
表示“按照职责、义务、规定等应该做某事”，相当于should, ought to You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。
表示注定要发生的事情 Your plan is to be a failure. 你的计划注定要失败。
即学即练 1：
1.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___________________ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
2.The 80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, (form)the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.
3. The new company__________________(found) in 1987 by Mr Ren, a former engineer.
4. The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars____________ (be) only three eighth of that on Earth.
5. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr Smith ___________(fall ) in love with the people and culture there.
6.The father as well as his three children __ (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
要点二 进行时态
(1)考纲对进行时态要求掌握的时态包括：现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时，它们的形式分别为：
(2)现在分词的构成形式：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加 ing try→trying
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加 ing regret→regretting ban→banning
以不发音的 e结尾的动词 去掉e，加 ing hate→hating date→dating
一．现在进行时 am/is/are+doing
1．表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
2．某些短暂性动词，如：come, go, start, arrive, return, begin, leave等用现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
3．某些动词的进行时表示逐渐地发生变化的过程。
My friend is_waiting_for me outside now．
He is_leaving_for Beijing next week．
She is_losing her eyesight．
（4）特殊用法：表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly，forever，all the time等连用。
过去进行时 was/were+doing
时间状语：at that time, then , this time yesterday last week, at 10 o’clock last night
1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
2．短暂性动词come, go, leave, arrive, begin等用于过去进行时，表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作。
He was_reading a book when I came in．
They were_coming to attend the meeting a few days later．
三．将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。
Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
即学即练 2：
1.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _______ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A.is working B. was working C. has worked D.had worked
2.At this time tomorrow we (fly) over the Atlantic Ocean.
要点三： 完成时态
一、现在完成时: has/have+ done
1．表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，常用recently, lately, ,ever, never, once, before,already, yet, just, so far, , up to now=till now=by now, in the last/past few days/years,for+一段时间,since +过去的时间点等作状语。
高频句型：
1.It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did...；
It has been 3 years since I entered this company.
2．“This/That/It is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that ．．．”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。
This is the second time that I have visited the university．
3.That/This/It is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + （that）从句＂中，that 从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。
三：过去完成时: had +done
时间标志词：by + 过去的时间点/by the end of + 过去的时间点/before + 过去的时间点。等
1．表示在过去某一时间或过去某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last term, we had_learned 2,000 words．
He had_left before I got home．
2．hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本……”。
We had_expected that you would be able to win the match．
3．“It/This/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that ．．．”句式中，that引导的从句用过去完成时。
It_was the second time that she had_visited London．
4．“hardly/scarcely ．．． when ．．．”和“no sooner ．．． than ．．．”结构中，主句用过去完成时。
Hardly had the game started when it started to rain．
三、现在完成进行时 has/have been doing
表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且还会继续进行下去的动作，它具备“未完成性、感彩”等特点。
I am very tired． I have_been_painting the house all the afternoon．
即学即练3：
1.I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B.am hoping
C. have hoped D.would hope
2.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I___________(make) over the years.
3.—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practicing B．was practising
C．Would practise D．had practised
要点四
一、过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作作参照。
①．多在宾语从句 中考查 主过从过中
He said he would_wait for us at the bus stop．
②．一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态，即虚拟语气
If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.
如果我有机会出国学习的话，我就会去剑桥大学。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.
今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。
过去将来完成时 would/ should have done
过去将来完成时表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作已完成。
He knew by the time he arrived she would have gone home;
在他到时他才知道她已经回家了。
若表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，此时条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，而主句谓语则通常用过去将来完成时（would+have+过去分词），当然，主句谓语也可根据情况使用“should (could, might)+have+过去分词”。（后续虚拟语气专题 详解）
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life;
要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)
Part III 高考核心语法 专题训练： 动词的时态
单句语法填空
1.（2022年全国乙卷）A number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________(address)the opening ceremony.
（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously unprotected.
3.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _____________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
4．Since the 1980s, with the quickening of urbanization, many traditional houses ________ (disappear).
5．（2021新课标II卷）Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
6．（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists __________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
7．You are always_______________(watch )TV. Why not___________(find)something more active.
8.（2020北京卷）Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food_____(play) a big role in his life.
9．（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals______________ (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
10．Does the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question ______(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t.
11.It is the first time that I ________ (go) abroad．
12. That was the first time that I__________(notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetable of Chinese food.
13.By the time he was nine, Tom ______________ (master) a foreign language．
14.The girl ___ (shake) her head happily，and the pot of milk on her head immediately fell onto the ground.
15.Jim ______________ (watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank．
16.China's high speed railways _____________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years．
17.The news came as no surprise to me． I ___________ (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down．
18.Dramatic changes ___________________ (take) place during the past few years in China.
19.Some traditions ____________________ (fade) away and others are being established.
20.Recently, listening to loud music at rock concerts _____________ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
21．I first met Lily five years ago. She ____________ (work) as a nurse in a hospital at the time.
22．In 1969, the pollution ___________ (be) terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.
23．I don't catch what our teacher said, because I ____________ (think) about something else.
24．It___________ (be) a tradition since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stopped trading.
25．I___________ (walk) across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.
25．I am really exhausted. I _________(paint) the living room all day, but there is still much to do.
26．It's said that not getting enough sleep ________ (lead) to poor judgment，lack of creativity，and even depression.
25．Grain Buds, (Chinese: 小满), the 8th solar term of a year, ________ (mean) that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe.
26．Practicing, to sum up, ________ (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well.
27．The traditional Chinese marriage usually ________ (involve) some necessary procedures, such as match-making, engagement, meeting the bride, and three bows.
28．I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you ________ (feel) better.”
29．As a result, as the number of qubits (量子位) ________ (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.
30．There, he not only did well as a student but also ________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.
31．As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke ________ (rise) into the sky and hung over the sea.
32．Mike________(invite) some friends to his home for dinner yesterday.
33．Everyone ______(deserve) a right to health and a fair chance in life.
34．I soon ________ (spot) what the mistake was.
35．Tu Youyou became the first Chinese woman scientist who ________ ( lead) the project.
36．What ________(puzzle) me is that I don’t know the exact time for the test.
37．By the time I got to school, the first play ______ (be) on for nearly half an hour.
38．Tina ________ (think) about finding a new job for a whole year, but she hasn’t made her final decision yet.
39．Over the past 20 years, the Internet ______ (help) change our world in one way or another for the better.
40．Since the COVID-19__________ (burst) in 2020, it has become a serious problem around the world.
41．When she realized that she had left her handbag in the taxi, the taxi _________ (disappear).
42．He picked up his book and ________ reading even though it was already midnight. (continue)
43．All the furniture ________ (move) to another room before he came.
44．I have to get on the plane that ________ (take) off at 7:00 tonight.
45．My mother promised that she_______________(buy) a new computer for me.
46．If it is sunny tomorrow, I _________ (wash) my clothes.
47．The English teacher, as well as the students ________ (sing) a song when I passed the classroom.
48．A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents ____________ (be) nearly 320,000 in Beijing.
49．Overall, there________ (be) no difference in the nutritional content, although organic food was 30% less likely to contain pesticides.
50．So far the local government ___________ new policies which aim to reduce air pollution and they’ve proved effective. (adopt)
二．语法填空
Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the 1 (increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also 2 (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.
One of the world’s 3 (large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could 4 (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes 5 decide their qualities would disappear with them.
Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human 6 (activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land are also responsible. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from 7 (starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops 8 the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals 9 (control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality, 10. another result was that some traditional crops were lost.
三 、写作微练
1.Last Sunday, (我们学校举行了) a five-kilometer cross-country running race.
2. (我们周围有很多人) who are well worth respecting.
3.If possible, (我们可以和你在你的办公室见面吗) at 10 a.m. tomorrow
4.Surrounded by green trees, the farm (位于……脚下) the hill near our school.
5. I (现在写信向你求助) with our short English play adapted from our English textbook.
6.She (已经取得了巨大成就) in her work and (赢得尊重) from her students.
7.Until then, .(他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。)
8.这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。
__________________________________________
参考答案
Part I 自主检测
一．语法填空
1. Covering 2. based 3. copies 4. which 5. recognition
6. representative 7. a 8. It 9. wider 10.. have grown
二．单句语法填空
1.gives 2. has met 3. had discovered 4. was driving 5.doesn’t rain
6. touched 7. have been shopping 8. appeared 9. makes 10. carries
即学即练 1：1. will have 2.formed 3. was founded 4. is 5. fell 6. goes
即学即练 2: 1. B 2. will be flying
即学即练 3: 1.A 2. have made 3.A
高考动词时态专题训练 参考答案
单句语法填空
addressed 2.were 3.has walked 4.have disappear 5.was
6.have promised 7.watching , find 8.plays 9.had lived 10. suggests
11. have gone 12. had noticed 13.had mastered 14. shook 15.was watching
16.have grown 17.had known 18.have take 19.are fading 20.has caused
21. was working 22.was 23.was thinking 24. has been 25.was walking
26.have been painting 27.involves 28. will feel 29. increases 30.became
31. rose 32. deserves 33.invited 34spotted 35.led
36.puzzles 37.had been on 38.have been thinking 39.has helped 40. burst
41.had disappeared 42.continued 43. had been moved 44.takes 45. would buy
46.will wash 47.was singing 48.is 49.was 50. has adopted
语法填空（篇章）
1.increasing 2.helps 3.largest 4. permanently 5.that/ which
6.activities 7.starvation 8.with 9.to control 10.but/while/yet
三、写作微练
1.our school held
2.There are many people around us
3.shall we meet you in your office
4.is located/lies at the foot of
5.am writing to ask for your help
6.has made great achievements; has won respect
7.his family hadn't heard from him for six months.
8.This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
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