2023届高考英语核心语法专题 ：动词的语态 精讲精练 （通用版含答案）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023届高考英语核心语法：动词突破篇（二）
动词的语态 精讲精练
Part I自主检测
一．语法填空（动词篇）
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.____________ (remind) me of myself.In the past, I 2.____________ (be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc.At that time, I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However, someone told me something that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.____________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn’t help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.
I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li.She said，“you 4.____________ (be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.____________ (accept)you for who you 6.____________ (be)．But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.____________ (inspire)by her words.Over the past few months，I 8.____________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.__________ (love)me for who I am.
Now, seeing Kaiya cry，I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.____________ (tell)me.
二．单项选择
1．A dozen parks ___ in recent years, _______ as both tourism destinations and natural oxygen bars.
A．was built; to serve B．have been built; servingC．built; serving D．have built; served
2.His suggestion is worth ________.
A．to consider B．considered C．to be considered D．considering
3．We expressed our congratulations to Mr. Smith, because he ______chairman of the football club.
A．has elected B．had elected C．has been elected D．had been elected
4．The government declared financial assistance would_______by those in the____training courses.
A．obtain;employee B．be obtained; employment
C．be obtained; employee D．obtain;employment
5．The water will be further polluted unless some measures _______ .
A．will be taken B．are taken C．were taken D．had been taken
6．The committee ______ well-known mountaineers.
A．is comprised of B．comprise ofC．make up of D．is consisted of
Nowadays, cycling, along with swimming and running, ___as one of the best forms of exercise.
regards B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regarding
The cloth ________ fine, but ________ well.
looks; doesn’t wash B．looks; isn’t washed
C．is looked; doesn’t wash D．is looked; isn’t washed
The young tree ________ well when it is planted.
A．mustn’t watered B．should be wateredC．must water D．should water
This shirt________ much softer than that one.
is feeling B．is felt C．feels D．was feeling
Rainforest ____and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the future.
A．cut B．were cutC．are being cut D．had been cut
12．______ in the backstage room are appealing young ladies who are gathered here to compete for the title of “Miss World”.
A．Seated B．Being seated C．Seating D．To seat
13.Sarah ________ that she could be Britain’s new supermodel by an agent, earning a million dollars in the next year.
A．told B．was told C．said D．was said
14.The number of coal mines _________ to half, as well as its size.
A．cut down B．has cut down C．was cut down D．were cut down
15.No child under 12 is allowed to go to the lake alone; any walk close to the lake ____by a parent.
must be accompanied B．must accompany
C．can be accompanied D．should accompany
So far, no agreement ________ by the two sides.
A．has been reached B．was reached C．will reach D．will have reached
17.The poor _______ to live on their own labour at the very moment.
A．is helped B．are helpedC．are being helped D．is being helped
18.We can hear that the papers _______ quickly on fast-moving printing machines.
A．will be printed B．were being printed C．have been printed D．are being printed
19.I predict that this brand of clothes should _______ well.
A．be sold B．sell C．have sold D．have been sold
20.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population.
A．has been raised; rise B．has been risen; raiseC．has raised; rise D．has raised; rose
三、用单词的适当形式完成句子
21. The earliest gardens in Egypt ________ (create) for rich people to rest in the shade of trees.
22. It ________(predict) that the heavy rain will last for another two hours.
23. The country_____________ (make) up of one island and two lakes.
24. With a different theme each year, the day _______________ (observe) with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international levels.
25.Nian_____________ (defeat),and from then on,the color red has been considered to bring good luck
26．I think it's wise to review how much money __________________ (spend) to date.
The course_____________（design）as an introduction to the subject.
It was the professor rather than his assistant that was ________ (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
----Thank God! The accident was avoided after all．
----That was lucky, but ten inches nearer and the two cars would________________ ( destroy).
He ___________________(trap) in the traffic jam and missed the flight.
When asked about the cause of the accident, the man in charge said it __________(investigate).
In terms of how to deal with the tense parent-child relationship, parents _________（encourage） to have an open and honest conversation with children.
This is the second time you ___________________ (ask) to give a lecture.
To our surprise, this kind of shoes ________ (sell) well.
35．You aren’t worried about these rare birds,for something ________(do) to protect them at present.
Part II 高考语法 被动语态 专题讲练
一、语态概念
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
语态是什么？语态有几种？
主动句： 动作的执行者（主语） + 谓语动词 + 动作的承受者（宾语）+其他
We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
被动句：动作的承受者（主语）+ be + 动词的过去分词 + by + 动作的执行者+其他
▲主动语态:主语是动作的执行者
I wrote a letter to my father last night.
▲被动语态:主语是动作的承受者
A letter was written to my father by me last night.
▲总结概念： 谓语动词的执行者作主语，用主动语态。谓语动词的承受者作主语，用被动语态。
2.什么时候用被动语态？
1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 2.只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
3. 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
4.各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）：重点掌握以下十种
时态 主动 被动 be + done （过去分词）
1．一般现在时 do / does am/is/are done
2．一般过去时 ①did ②used to do was/were done
3．一般将来时 ①will/shall do ②am/is/are going to do will/shall be done
4．现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
5．过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done
6．现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
7．过去完成时 had done had been done
8．过去将来时 would do would be done
9.含情态动词的被动 情态动词+ do（原形） 情态动词+ be done
10.将来完成时 will have done will/would have been done
【注意 1】有些使役动词和感官动词,如make,see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to等，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。
- We heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。
→ He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 他被听到向朋友们道别。
【注意 2】高频考点：get+过去分词/ get sth. +过去分词
常见于以下两种情况：
① 谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故；
如： Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
He got killed when he was crossing the road.
过马路时他被车撞死了。
② 谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义；
如：get dressed、 get married、get lost、get hurt....
Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。
She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday.她在休假前（设法）领到了工资。
【注意3】主动表被动的情况
1.动词 (表示主语的属性特征，read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, cook, lock, dry等+ 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly 等),用主动式表被动义。
1.The books sell well．
2.This kind of cloth washes easily．
2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard, fit, pleasant,good, comfortable, light, heavy, safe,…
1.The fish is not fit to eat ．
2. We find English is hard to learn．
3.The article is difficult to understand .
3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。
1.I have a lot of homework to do.(do)．
2.I’ll give him some books to read (read)．
4.表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear...)
The steel feels cold． Your suggestion proved practical.
5 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...)
The shop opens at 6 am. every day.
6.在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。
7．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake 谁应为此错误接受谴责？
The house is to let. 此房出租。
【注意4】易错警示 无被动的情况
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完,belong to属于；take part in参加， suffer from 遭受
Part III 巩固训练 动词时态和语态综合训练
单句语法填空
1．（2022年新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.
2．The students worked hard on their lessons and finally their efforts _________ (reward) with success.
3．（2020北京卷）Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they____________ (throw) away.
4．（2022·甘肃兰州·一模语法填空）Up to 30 percent of food loss was found during farmers’ storage in some areas in Africa, and 21 percent of food in the United States______________ (waste) during daily consumption, Wu told Economic Daily.
5．（2022·广东梅州·一模）When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which ________ (reflect) in the still lake below.
6．（2022·山东·模拟预测）The taoray Spring Summer 2020 ________ (show) for the first time on the world stage of New York Fashion Week where tradition met modernity.
7．（2022·河南新乡·二模）Humans are explorers since the dawn of civilization. We ________ (attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees or mountains or oceans.
8．Every possible means ________ (try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
9．Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and ________(choose) to manage a team in Sweden.
10．“Young people __________________ (wear) out,” said Lim Woon-taek, a professor of sociology at Keimyung University in the Republic of Korea.
11．In reality, however,60% of clothing nowadays _______________(abandon)within a year of purchase.
12．Animals _______________(kill) for their fur and feathers, especially in the past few decades simply because they were in the way.
13．The answer to the question must ________________(seek) elsewhere.
14．In the traditional Chinese Lunar Year, each year_______________(give) a name of 12 kinds of animals.
15．Another bridge _______________________ (build) now and it will be finished next year.
16．Most of the Earth’s surface ________________________ (cover) by water.
17．It’s a big factory. Five hundred people _____________________ (employ) there.
18．The city _______________ (recognize) as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century, home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven.
19．The kid ______________________(punish) by his mother when the father came back.
20．At present, a lot of new equipment ______ (develop) by this company to meet new needs.
21．It is not the first time that immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment __________ (deliver) to the poverty-stricken regions.
22．Around 10 percent of the forest ___________________ (destroy) each year.
23．Zhangjiajie ________ (award) the title of “World Geological Park” in 2014.
24．She was caught drunk-driving last year, and therefore she ______________ from driving for 5 years. (ban)
25．In recent years, great efforts to reduce air pollution______________ (make), but there are still many things we can do.
26．On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise____________（blow）away,” he said.
27．Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients ________ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物).
28.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ___________ (create) special designs.
29. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got __________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
30.Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____
(improve) water quality.
二．单项选择
1.If we use the new recycling method, a large number of trees __________.
A. will be saved B. will save C. are saved D. have saved
2.The moment she ________ the winner of the English speech competition, she jumped with joy.
A. declared B. is declared C. declares D. was declared
3.The author's latest book The Evening and The Morning sold millions of copies as soon as it______.
A. had published B. has been published C. was published D. published
4.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A.is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
5.The manager found that his office _________ the day before.
A. had broken in B. has been broken into
C. had been broken into D. has been broken in
6.All his attention________ on what the teacher was saying, so he even didn't notice what was happening outside the classroom.
A. fixed B. was fixed C. was fixing D. has been fixed
7.On the last day of their week-long stay John, as well as his friends, ________ to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
A. invited B. was invited C. were invited D. had been invited
8.In the past many years, the giant panda ________ out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other development.
A. had been driven B. has been driven C. had driven D. has driven
9.The quality of a processed food largely ________ the raw material and the way it ________.
A. relies on; processes B. depends on; processes
C. decides on; is processed D. depends on; is processed
10.--Why don’t you ride your bicycle today
--Oh, it broke down. It ______ now.
A. is being repaired B. is repaired
C. was repaired D. will be repaired
11.___________ to compete in the Olympic Games for the first time
A. When do you suppose women were allowed
B. When do you suppose women allowed
C. When do you suppose were women allowed
D. Do you suppose when women were allowed
12.After he retired from office, Rogers _________ painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up
13.—Can he get the first prize for running in this sports meeting
—Impossible now. He ______ to do so, but he hurt his leg yesterday.
A. is expected B. had been expected
C. was expected D. would expect
14.A great number of colleges and universities _____ since 1949.
A. has been establish B. have been established
C. have established D. had been established
15.Now a lot of new technology can ________ problems in industry.
A. be applied to solve B. be applied to solving
C. apply to solve D. apply to solving
三：语法填空 （2023届山东名校联盟高三诊断性检测）
China is much more concerned about livelihood projects. Another project of ____1____(channel) water from China’s Yangtze River to the Hanjiang River ___2____ (begin) construction in June this year. With a total ____3____ (invest) of 59.8 billion yuan, the project is a supplement to the middle route of the country’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
The new project is expected ____4____ (enhance) the water allocation (分配) capacity of the Hanjiang River Basin to ____5___ (far) ensure water supply to the dry north. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project transfers water from China’s water-rich south ___6_ ___ the dry north through the middle, eastern and western routes. The middle route, the most prominent one due to ____7 ____ (it) role in feeding water to the nation’s capital, begins at the Danjiangkou eservoir in the Hanjiang River in central province of Hubei and runs northeastward to Beijing and Tianjin. It started supplying water in December 2014.
China has stepped up the water project construction. 10,644 new water projects ____8____ (value) at 414.4 billion yuan started construction in ____9____ first five months of the year. The money _____10_____ is invested in the country’s water project construction will be over 800 billion yuan this year, according to the official data.
四．.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全短文，并注意本部分语法的使用
Dear Bella，
Learning from your e－mail that you want to know something about domestic garbage sorting in our country, 1. (我想和你分享一下)．
Garbage sorting is not only beneficial to the environment, but can save lots of natural resources.In our city，2. (已经采取措施)．For example, 3._____________________________________________________(已组织了各种活动来强调这一重要性)and there’re dustbins with signs for recyclable, harmful, kitchen and other waste so that 4._________________________________________________________________________
(公民能清楚地知道把垃圾放在哪里)．Since the measures are reasonable and favorable, we should stick to them.I hold the belief that 5.___________________________________________________________(只要我们继续合作，我们的环境就会得到改善)．
What’s your idea about garbage sorting Please write to me.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考答案：
自主检测
一．语法填空
1．reminds 2．was 3．pointed 4．are 5．will accept
6．are 7．was inspired 8．have learned(learnt) 9．love 10．told
二．单项选择
1-5 BDDBB 6-10 ABABC 11-15CBBCA 16-20 AACDBA
三．单句语法填空
21. were created 22. is predicted 23. is made 24. is observed 25. was defeated
26. has been spent 27. is designed 28. to blame 29. have been destroyed. 30. was trapped
31. was being investigated 32. are encouraged 33. have been asked 34.sell 35.is being done
巩固训练
单句语法填空
is designed 2.were rewarded 3.are thrown 4. was wasted 5.were reflected
was shown 7.have been attracted 8. has been tried 9. was chosen 10. are worn
is abandoned 12.have been killed 13.be sought 14.is given 15. is being built
is covered 18. has been recognized 19. was being punished 20. is being developed
has been delivered 22. is destroyed 23. was awarded 24. was banned 25. have been made
be blown 27. are treated 28. to create 29. swept 30. to improve
单项选择：1-5 ADCDC 6-10 BBBDA 11-15 AABBB
三．语法填空：
【答案】36. channeling 37. begins 38. investment 39. to enhance 40. further
41. to 42. its 43. valued 44. the 45. which##that
四．写作运用：
1.I’d like to share it with you
2.measures have been taken
3.various activities have been organized to stress the importance
4.citizens can know clearly where to put the garbage
5.our environment will be improved as long as we keep working together
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2023届高考英语核心语法：动词突破篇（二）
动词的语态 精讲精练
Part I自主检测
一．语法填空（动词篇）
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.____________ (remind) me of myself.In the past, I 2.____________ (be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc.At that time, I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However, someone told me something that I will always remember.
It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.____________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn’t help crying.The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.
I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li.She said，“you 4.____________ (be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.____________ (accept)you for who you 6.____________ (be)．But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.____________ (inspire)by her words.Over the past few months，I 8.____________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.__________ (love)me for who I am.
Now, seeing Kaiya cry，I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.____________ (tell)me.
二．单项选择
1．A dozen parks ___ in recent years, _______ as both tourism destinations and natural oxygen bars.
A．was built; to serve B．have been built; servingC．built; serving D．have built; served
2.His suggestion is worth ________.
A．to consider B．considered C．to be considered D．considering
3．We expressed our congratulations to Mr. Smith, because he ______chairman of the football club.
A．has elected B．had elected C．has been elected D．had been elected
4．The government declared financial assistance would_______by those in the____training courses.
A．obtain;employee B．be obtained; employment
C．be obtained; employee D．obtain;employment
5．The water will be further polluted unless some measures _______ .
A．will be taken B．are taken C．were taken D．had been taken
6．The committee ______ well-known mountaineers.
A．is comprised of B．comprise ofC．make up of D．is consisted of
Nowadays, cycling, along with swimming and running, ___as one of the best forms of exercise.
regards B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regarding
The cloth ________ fine, but ________ well.
looks; doesn’t wash B．looks; isn’t washed
C．is looked; doesn’t wash D．is looked; isn’t washed
The young tree ________ well when it is planted.
A．mustn’t watered B．should be wateredC．must water D．should water
This shirt________ much softer than that one.
is feeling B．is felt C．feels D．was feeling
Rainforest ____and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the future.
A．cut B．were cutC．are being cut D．had been cut
12．______ in the backstage room are appealing young ladies who are gathered here to compete for the title of “Miss World”.
A．Seated B．Being seated C．Seating D．To seat
13.Sarah ________ that she could be Britain’s new supermodel by an agent, earning a million dollars in the next year.
A．told B．was told C．said D．was said
14.The number of coal mines _________ to half, as well as its size.
A．cut down B．has cut down C．was cut down D．were cut down
15.No child under 12 is allowed to go to the lake alone; any walk close to the lake ____by a parent.
must be accompanied B．must accompany
C．can be accompanied D．should accompany
So far, no agreement ________ by the two sides.
A．has been reached B．was reached C．will reach D．will have reached
17.The poor _______ to live on their own labour at the very moment.
A．is helped B．are helpedC．are being helped D．is being helped
18.We can hear that the papers _______ quickly on fast-moving printing machines.
A．will be printed B．were being printed C．have been printed D．are being printed
19.I predict that this brand of clothes should _______ well.
A．be sold B．sell C．have sold D．have been sold
20.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population.
A．has been raised; rise B．has been risen; raiseC．has raised; rise D．has raised; rose
三、用单词的适当形式完成句子
21. The earliest gardens in Egypt ________ (create) for rich people to rest in the shade of trees.
22. It ________(predict) that the heavy rain will last for another two hours.
23. The country_____________ (make) up of one island and two lakes.
24. With a different theme each year, the day _______________ (observe) with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international levels.
25.Nian_____________ (defeat),and from then on,the color red has been considered to bring good luck
26．I think it's wise to review how much money __________________ (spend) to date.
The course_____________（design）as an introduction to the subject.
It was the professor rather than his assistant that was ________ (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
----Thank God! The accident was avoided after all．
----That was lucky, but ten inches nearer and the two cars would________________ ( destroy).
He ___________________(trap) in the traffic jam and missed the flight.
When asked about the cause of the accident, the man in charge said it __________(investigate).
In terms of how to deal with the tense parent-child relationship, parents _________（encourage） to have an open and honest conversation with children.
This is the second time you ___________________ (ask) to give a lecture.
To our surprise, this kind of shoes ________ (sell) well.
35．You aren’t worried about these rare birds,for something ________(do) to protect them at present.
Part II 高考语法 被动语态 专题讲练
一、语态概念
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
语态是什么？语态有几种？
主动句： 动作的执行者（主语） + 谓语动词 + 动作的承受者（宾语）+其他
We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
被动句：动作的承受者（主语）+ be + 动词的过去分词 + by + 动作的执行者+其他
▲主动语态:主语是动作的执行者
I wrote a letter to my father last night.
▲被动语态:主语是动作的承受者
A letter was written to my father by me last night.
▲总结概念： 谓语动词的执行者作主语，用主动语态。谓语动词的承受者作主语，用被动语态。
2.什么时候用被动语态？
1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 2.只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
3. 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
4.各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）：重点掌握以下十种
时态 主动 被动 be + done （过去分词）
1．一般现在时 do / does am/is/are done
2．一般过去时 ①did ②used to do was/were done
3．一般将来时 ①will/shall do ②am/is/are going to do will/shall be done
4．现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
5．过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done
6．现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
7．过去完成时 had done had been done
8．过去将来时 would do would be done
9.含情态动词的被动 情态动词+ do（原形） 情态动词+ be done
10.将来完成时 will have done will/would have been done
【注意 1】有些使役动词和感官动词,如make,see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to等，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。
- We heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。
→ He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 他被听到向朋友们道别。
【注意 2】高频考点：get+过去分词/ get sth. +过去分词
常见于以下两种情况：
① 谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故；
如： Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
He got killed when he was crossing the road.
过马路时他被车撞死了。
② 谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义；
如：get dressed、 get married、get lost、get hurt....
Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。
She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday.她在休假前（设法）领到了工资。
【注意3】主动表被动的情况
1.动词 (表示主语的属性特征，read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, cook, lock, dry等+ 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly 等),用主动式表被动义。
1.The books sell well．
2.This kind of cloth washes easily．
2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard, fit, pleasant,good, comfortable, light, heavy, safe,…
1.The fish is not fit to eat ．
2. We find English is hard to learn．
3.The article is difficult to understand .
3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。
1.I have a lot of homework to do.(do)．
2.I’ll give him some books to read (read)．
4.表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear...)
The steel feels cold． Your suggestion proved practical.
5 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...)
The shop opens at 6 am. every day.
6.在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。
7．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake 谁应为此错误接受谴责？
The house is to let. 此房出租。
【注意4】易错警示 无被动的情况
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完,belong to属于；take part in参加， suffer from 遭受
Part III 巩固训练 动词时态和语态综合训练
单句语法填空
1．（2022年新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.
2．The students worked hard on their lessons and finally their efforts _________ (reward) with success.
3．（2020北京卷）Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they____________ (throw) away.
4．（2022·甘肃兰州·一模语法填空）Up to 30 percent of food loss was found during farmers’ storage in some areas in Africa, and 21 percent of food in the United States______________ (waste) during daily consumption, Wu told Economic Daily.
5．（2022·广东梅州·一模）When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which ________ (reflect) in the still lake below.
6．（2022·山东·模拟预测）The taoray Spring Summer 2020 ________ (show) for the first time on the world stage of New York Fashion Week where tradition met modernity.
7．（2022·河南新乡·二模）Humans are explorers since the dawn of civilization. We ________ (attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees or mountains or oceans.
8．Every possible means ________ (try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
9．Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and ________(choose) to manage a team in Sweden.
10．“Young people __________________ (wear) out,” said Lim Woon-taek, a professor of sociology at Keimyung University in the Republic of Korea.
11．In reality, however,60% of clothing nowadays _______________(abandon)within a year of purchase.
12．Animals _______________(kill) for their fur and feathers, especially in the past few decades simply because they were in the way.
13．The answer to the question must ________________(seek) elsewhere.
14．In the traditional Chinese Lunar Year, each year_______________(give) a name of 12 kinds of animals.
15．Another bridge _______________________ (build) now and it will be finished next year.
16．Most of the Earth’s surface ________________________ (cover) by water.
17．It’s a big factory. Five hundred people _____________________ (employ) there.
18．The city _______________ (recognize) as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century, home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven.
19．The kid ______________________(punish) by his mother when the father came back.
20．At present, a lot of new equipment ______ (develop) by this company to meet new needs.
21．It is not the first time that immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment __________ (deliver) to the poverty-stricken regions.
22．Around 10 percent of the forest ___________________ (destroy) each year.
23．Zhangjiajie ________ (award) the title of “World Geological Park” in 2014.
24．She was caught drunk-driving last year, and therefore she ______________ from driving for 5 years. (ban)
25．In recent years, great efforts to reduce air pollution______________ (make), but there are still many things we can do.
26．On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise____________（blow）away,” he said.
27．Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients ________ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物).
28.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ___________ (create) special designs.
29. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got __________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.
30.Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____
(improve) water quality.
二．单项选择
1.If we use the new recycling method, a large number of trees __________.
A. will be saved B. will save C. are saved D. have saved
2.The moment she ________ the winner of the English speech competition, she jumped with joy.
A. declared B. is declared C. declares D. was declared
3.The author's latest book The Evening and The Morning sold millions of copies as soon as it______.
A. had published B. has been published C. was published D. published
4.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A.is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
5.The manager found that his office _________ the day before.
A. had broken in B. has been broken into
C. had been broken into D. has been broken in
6.All his attention________ on what the teacher was saying, so he even didn't notice what was happening outside the classroom.
A. fixed B. was fixed C. was fixing D. has been fixed
7.On the last day of their week-long stay John, as well as his friends, ________ to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
A. invited B. was invited C. were invited D. had been invited
8.In the past many years, the giant panda ________ out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other development.
A. had been driven B. has been driven C. had driven D. has driven
9.The quality of a processed food largely ________ the raw material and the way it ________.
A. relies on; processes B. depends on; processes
C. decides on; is processed D. depends on; is processed
10.--Why don’t you ride your bicycle today
--Oh, it broke down. It ______ now.
A. is being repaired B. is repaired
C. was repaired D. will be repaired
11.___________ to compete in the Olympic Games for the first time
A. When do you suppose women were allowed
B. When do you suppose women allowed
C. When do you suppose were women allowed
D. Do you suppose when women were allowed
12.After he retired from office, Rogers _________ painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up
13.—Can he get the first prize for running in this sports meeting
—Impossible now. He ______ to do so, but he hurt his leg yesterday.
A. is expected B. had been expected
C. was expected D. would expect
14.A great number of colleges and universities _____ since 1949.
A. has been establish B. have been established
C. have established D. had been established
15.Now a lot of new technology can ________ problems in industry.
A. be applied to solve B. be applied to solving
C. apply to solve D. apply to solving
三：语法填空 （2023届山东名校联盟高三诊断性检测）
China is much more concerned about livelihood projects. Another project of ____1____(channel) water from China’s Yangtze River to the Hanjiang River ___2____ (begin) construction in June this year. With a total ____3____ (invest) of 59.8 billion yuan, the project is a supplement to the middle route of the country’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
The new project is expected ____4____ (enhance) the water allocation (分配) capacity of the Hanjiang River Basin to ____5___ (far) ensure water supply to the dry north. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project transfers water from China’s water-rich south ___6_ ___ the dry north through the middle, eastern and western routes. The middle route, the most prominent one due to ____7 ____ (it) role in feeding water to the nation’s capital, begins at the Danjiangkou eservoir in the Hanjiang River in central province of Hubei and runs northeastward to Beijing and Tianjin. It started supplying water in December 2014.
China has stepped up the water project construction. 10,644 new water projects ____8____ (value) at 414.4 billion yuan started construction in ____9____ first five months of the year. The money _____10_____ is invested in the country’s water project construction will be over 800 billion yuan this year, according to the official data.
四．.写作运用 根据汉语提示补全短文，并注意本部分语法的使用
Dear Bella，
Learning from your e－mail that you want to know something about domestic garbage sorting in our country, 1. (我想和你分享一下)．
Garbage sorting is not only beneficial to the environment, but can save lots of natural resources.In our city，2. (已经采取措施)．For example, 3._____________________________________________________(已组织了各种活动来强调这一重要性)and there’re dustbins with signs for recyclable, harmful, kitchen and other waste so that 4._________________________________________________________________________
(公民能清楚地知道把垃圾放在哪里)．Since the measures are reasonable and favorable, we should stick to them.I hold the belief that 5.___________________________________________________________(只要我们继续合作，我们的环境就会得到改善)．
What’s your idea about garbage sorting Please write to me.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考答案：
自主检测
一．语法填空
1．reminds 2．was 3．pointed 4．are 5．will accept
6．are 7．was inspired 8．have learned(learnt) 9．love 10．told
二．单项选择
1-5 BDDBB 6-10 ABABC 11-15CBBCA 16-20 AACDBA
三．单句语法填空
21. were created 22. is predicted 23. is made 24. is observed 25. was defeated
26. has been spent 27. is designed 28. to blame 29. have been destroyed. 30. was trapped
31. was being investigated 32. are encouraged 33. have been asked 34.sell 35.is being done
巩固训练
单句语法填空
is designed 2.were rewarded 3.are thrown 4. was wasted 5.were reflected
was shown 7.have been attracted 8. has been tried 9. was chosen 10. are worn
is abandoned 12.have been killed 13.be sought 14.is given 15. is being built
is covered 18. has been recognized 19. was being punished 20. is being developed
has been delivered 22. is destroyed 23. was awarded 24. was banned 25. have been made
be blown 27. are treated 28. to create 29. swept 30. to improve
单项选择：1-5 ADCDC 6-10 BBBDA 11-15 AABBB
三．语法填空：
【答案】36. channeling 37. begins 38. investment 39. to enhance 40. further
41. to 42. its 43. valued 44. the 45. which##that
四．写作运用：
1.I’d like to share it with you
2.measures have been taken
3.various activities have been organized to stress the importance
4.citizens can know clearly where to put the garbage
5.our environment will be improved as long as we keep working together
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