高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures单元话题阅读理解练习（word版含答案解析）
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| 名称 | 高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures单元话题阅读理解练习（word版含答案解析） |  | |
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Unit 2 Bridging Cultures
单元话题阅读理解练习
(名校最新真题)
（湖北省十堰市部分中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月联考英语试题）Nurses are required in all areas of the medical field from hospitals and nursing homes to schools and the armed forces, heading to a great need of certified nurses. Here are some best universities for a degree in nursing.
Simmons College
Simmons College is a private women’s college founded in Boston in 1899. Nursing is the top major at the school as well as the most popular. The nursing graduates from Simmons make about $ 58, 000 every year.
Villanova University
Villanova University is a research university located in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. Named after Saint Thomas of Villanova, the school is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania. Nursing is a popular major and is offered as an online degree as well. The nursing graduates from Villanova make about $ 63,000 every year.
University of California, Los Angeles
The UCLA School of Nursing is known for its excellent education provided by a group of leaders in the medical field. The four-year program allows students to be qualified nurses through classroom learning and clinical training. A nursing degree from UCLA leads to positions in many hospitals and clinics, with a yearly income of about $ 84,000.
New York University
New York University attaches great importance to real-world experience. Along with taking classes in school, students mainly work in the health care environment receiving technical training Additionally, Nursing students of NYU College have the chance to study in Abu Dhabi, China and other countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. The education from NYU will prepare students to help doctors treat patients, earning a yearly income of about $ 86, 000.
1．If Nora has to look after her children at home, which university or college can she choose to get a nursing degree
A．Simmons College. B．Villanova University.
C．University of California, Los Angeles D．New York University.
2．What makes the UCLA School of Nursing famous
A．Its high-quality teaching. B．Its four-year program.
C．The clinical training it offers. D．The yearly income of graduates.
3．NYU College of Nursing focuses more attention on students’ __________
A．future income B．Learning environment
C．Practical training D．chance to study better
（2022·重庆实验外国语学校高二期中）Experts analyzed how language can impact children’s lives and the role it plays in everyday life. They also determined which languages tend to lead to the best career opportunities as an adult. “We believe that language learning is hugely beneficial for children’s development and it’s a real investment for the future,” said Antonella Sorace, professor of developmental Inguistics and director of offinguatlsm matters at Edinburgh University. The study involved a survey of 2,001 parents with children under the age of 18, along with another survey of more than 500 business leaders.
So which languages took the top spot Results indicated that children should be learning French, German, and/or Mandarin if they want to be successful within the next ten years. Proficiency in a second language opens the door to new markets for businesses and allows them to create new relationships with prospective partners.Aside from being able to speak another language, the academic and interpersonal skills that can be gained from learning a new language are important as well. “Children who are exposed different languages become more aware of different cultures,other people,and other points of view. They also tend to be better than monolinguals at multitasking and are often more advanced readers, said Sorace.
A vast majority of parents surveyed in this study (85 percent) believe it, is important for their children to learn a second language, and about one in four believe it will enhance their child’s career opportunities and boost employability.The future employment market are in need of space tour guide, robot coach, frontline e-commerce worker, nurse practitioner etc. No matter what a child choose to be, multilinguals and cross-culture talents will probably stand a good chance to take the lead. However, 45 percent of parents surveyed admit that their child or children cannot speak a second language.
If you want your child to stand out from the crowd, brush up on the habits of parents of successful people — give children chores, set high but realistic expectations, get yourself educated, make time for bonding, accept and recognize their feelings — and, of course, make sure they learn one of the three success languages!
4．What is Antonella Sorace’s attitude towards different languages learning ________
A．Critical. B．Neutral. C．Positive. D．Enthusiastic.
5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tells us concerning the advantages of learning different languages ________
A．It can improve children’s academic and social skills.
B．It makes children multilinguals and advanced readers.
C．It makes it possible for them to earn a fortune in future.
D．It benefits children in development and cultural exposure.
6．Which job will be the most favourable in the future, according to the passage ________
A．Delivery man. B．News reporter.
C．Local experience guide. D．Self-driving car designer.
7．What’s the purpose of the passage ________
A．To teach the ways of learning foreign languages.
B．To share the secret of becoming successful parents.
C．To show the importance of learning foreign languages.
D．To introduce the methods of raising successful children.
（2022·广东广州·高二阶段练习）Young Writers Awards
About the Contest
Bennington College has a unique literary tradition. We’ve had twelve Pulitzer Prize winners, three US poet laureates, four MacArthur Geniuses, and two of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people. In celebration of this, Bennington launched the Young Writers Awards to promote excellence in writing at the high school level. Students are invited to enter with the following work:
Poetry: A group of three poems
Fiction: A short story (1,500 words or fewer) or one-act play
Nonfiction: A personal or academic essay (1,500 words or fewer)
A first-, second-, and third-place winner is selected in each category. We welcome participation of both US and international students.
Awards & Rules
First-place winners in each category are awarded a prize of $1,000; second-place winners receive $500; third-place winners receive $250.
No charge for entrance. Fees for accidents caused by participants are required.
All entries must be original work reviewed, approved and guided by a teacher. We will use your teacher as a contact for the competition should we have any questions. For homeschooled students, please contact one to assist in your writing even if you have experience in such competitions.
Young Writers Awards finalists and winners are also qualified for undergraduate scholarships at Bennington. Young Writers Awards finalists who apply and gain admission to Bennington will receive a $10,000 scholarship every year for four years, for a total of $40,000. Young Writers Awards winners reaching the standard will receive $15,000 every year, for a total of $60,000.
8．What can be learned about the Young Writers Awards
A．It rewards three winners at last.
B．It’s a tradition of Bennington College.
C．It accepts participants worldwide.
D．It offers scholarships to undergraduates.
9．What are the participants asked to do
A．Hand in a personal essay. B．Have related writing experience.
C．Pay an entry fee on time. D．Find a teacher to help with the entry.
10．How much will the second-place winner to be admitted into Bennington gain in total
A．$10,500. B．$15,500.
C．$40,500. D．$60,500.
（2022·湖北宜昌·高二期中）Little kids can pick up a new language pretty easily. It’s supposed to be far harder for older children. But that conclusion (结论) might not be correct. The window on when people can learn a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18.
Earlier research had suggested we’re best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. But that’s not so, said Joshua Hartshorne and his colleagues.
Hartshorne surveyed tens of thousands of people online. He began by asking volunteers to take an online English grammar test. He used their answers to guess their native languages. After completing the test, volunteers answered questions about where they had lived the languages they had spoken from birth and the age at which they first started learning English. It also asked how long they’d lived in an English-speaking country.
Hartshorne’s group analyzed (分析) responses from 669,498 native and non-native speakers of English. If people moved to a new country and began speaking English by age 10 to 12, they finally spoke it as well as those who had learned both English and another language from birth, the researchers found.
The results further showed that around age 17, people’s ability to learn grammar took a nosedive and that those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.
However, they found language learning did not end at 17 and people’s English skills kept improving slightly until around age 30. This was true among both native speakers and those who learned English as a second language, the new study found.
11．How did Hartshorne do the survey
A．He paid his friends to do it. B．He surveyed thousands of students.
C．He interviewed passers-by. D．He carried out the survey online.
12．Which of the following best explains “took a nosedive” underlined in paragraph 5
A．Fell. B．Changed. C．Counted. D．Rose.
13．What do the researchers say about language learning
A．It requires few skills. B．It keeps people smarter.
C．It ends at the age of 17. D．It needs more practice.
14．What is the text mainly about
A．A learning guide. B．A study on language learning.
C．An English speaker. D．A survey on grammar rules.
（2022·辽宁·高二期中）Years of research show that when a native English speaker enters a conversation among nonnative speakers, understanding goes down.Communication specialist Heather Hansen tells us that's because the native speaker doesn't know how to do what nonnative speakers do naturally: speak in ways that are understandable to everyone, using simple words and expressions.They unconsciously use unnecessarily confusing vocabulary, which makes language less understandable.
Ting Gong grew up in Shanghai and moved to the U.S.in her 20s. She ran up against this problem of confusing vocabulary at the doctor's one day. "The receptionist(接待员)gave me a form and asked me to write down my complaints,”she said.“I told her that I did not have any complaint，and she looked impatient and then she asked me to write down anything that I could think of.”
“I only realized that‘complaints' here refers to symptoms I have after I spoke to my husband when I got home. At the doctor's I actually wrote down 'the receptionist was not friendly' as one of my complaints."
So what can we do to improve communication between native and nonnative English speakers
Hansen says the responsibility shouldn't be on nonnative speakers but rather on native English speakers. Take a page out of nonnative speakers' book, says Hansen, by changing your English to be more inclusive.That means no more confusing expressions. Small changes like this might allow native speakers to join in conversations with nonnative speakers.
Joseph Issam Harb, who was raised in the United States and Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates, said,"I am still learning about English from nonnative speakers.
"In emails, I've discovered an expression commonly used by some nonnative speakers 'please do the needful,' "Harb said."For years I have been interested in this expression and its use in formal work environment emails." Discovering it and wondering about the origins of the expression, which means "please do what needs to be done,"has been an enjoyable thing for Harb.
15．What makes communication between native and nonnative speakers less smooth according to Hansen
A．The speed of native speakers' talk.
B．Nonnative speakers' bad pronunciation.
C．The difference between speakers' cultures.
D．Native speakers' use of confusing expressions.
16．Why did Gong reply that she did not have any complaint
A．She had difficulty expressing herself in English.
B．She wanted to get treatment as soon as possible.
C．She failed to understand what the receptionist had meant.
D．She feared that the receptionist would become impatient.
17．What does Hansen suggest native English speakers do
A．Read books by nonnative English writers.
B．Join in more nonnative speakers' conversations.
C．Make no comment about nonnative speakers' English.
D．Use expressions understandable to nonnative speakers.
18．What did Harb say about nonnative English
A．It is very interesting. B．It should be corrected.
C．It sounds strange and funny. D．It can be used in informal situations.
（2022·浙江·瓯海中学高二期中）American public schools offered transportation for their students long before the modern school bus. In the 1800s, many students attended one-room schoolhouses in rural areas where few people lived. Some students walked; others used horses or sleds to get to school. Over time, school districts used a system of horse-drawn wagons to pick up students and take them to school. In time, horse-drawn wagons gave way to cars, which picked up students before school and delivered them near home at the end of the day.
The first school buses that carried students didn’t look much like modern ones. A school bus from the 1920s, for example, looked like a long car. School buses gradually grew larger to hold more and more students. The yellow color of modern school buses was chosen because it was easy to spot. When buses stand out on the road, drivers see them and stop in time to allow students to board safely. Today, the law says that American school buses must be painted a color called “National School Bus Glossy Yellow.” The bright color helps drivers recognize school buses immediately.
Modern school buses are far safer than before. Bus drivers receive stricter safety training. What’s more, school buses have seats that help keep students safe in the event of a crash. Seat backs are made to absorb an impact when a school bus is hit hard. Buses may also include flashing stop signs, which alert drivers that students are getting off or on the bus. Some buses have cameras that help drivers see what’s happening inside the bus and outside.
Nowadays, some school districts are beginning to make changes to buses that help the environment. For example, one school bus in New York has an electric engine that doesn’t pollute the air. The bus can travel for about 120 miles (190 km) before it needs to be recharged. School buses can also cut down pollution by replacing private cars. The average school bus can drive fifty-four students, which keeps about thirty-six private cars off the road. This fact, along with newer, greener technology, can help keep the air cleaner.
19．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about
A．The schooling of American rural areas.
B．The history of American school buses.
C．The change of American public transport.
D．The development of American public schools.
20．Why was the yellow colour chosen for modern school buses
A．To allow them to stop safely.
B．To make them look different.
C．To avoid the danger of road accidents.
D．To help students recognize them easily.
21．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “absorb an impact”
A．Prevent a hit. B．Change a position.
C．Give a push. D．Reduce an effect.
22．What can be inferred about school buses from the last paragraph
A．They are going greener.
B．They can travel longer.
C．They do not cause pollution.
D．They will replace private cars.
（2022·四川绵阳·高二学业考试）If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare” “Samuel Johnson” and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English-William the Conqueror.
Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon or Old English, a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.
But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.
23．What language did people in Britain mainly speak before 1066
A．Celtic and Old English. B．Nordic and Germanic.
C．Welsh and Scottish. D．Anglo-Saxon and Germanic.
24．How did William the Conqueror influence English
A．By teaching people in Britain to speak English.
B．By defeating the Saxons and ruling the whole England.
C．By bringing French to Britain to greatly influence English.
D．By speaking good English to show that they were upper-class.
25．Why does Americans feel France is less foreign than Germany
A．They know French better than German.
B．They know little history of the English people.
C．In France most of the advertisements appear in English.
D．There are more similarities between English and French.
26．What is the main idea of this passage
A．The history of Great Britain.
B．The French effects on the English language.
C．The differences between English and French.
D．The great people who had effects on English.
（2022·江苏苏州·高二期中）From this September, the new policy on students’ sleeping time set by the Ministry of Education has been officially carried out nationwide. According to the new policy, the first class in the morning at primary schools is not supposed to be earlier than 8:20, and that of high schools no earlier than 8:00. Schools are also not able to require students to come in before class for any learning activities. If possible, schools must also guarantee nap time during lunch break for students. The new policy shows the importance the government attaches to students’ health.
Deng Mengyu, a high school English teacher from Shenzhen Hongshan Middle School, said that their school already put some measures into effect to make sure that students are well rested and using their time effectively. “We encourage students to manage their morning time by themselves instead of sitting in the classroom,” she said. Some students need more sleep while others prefer doing exercise to start the day. So the school’s dormitories open doors at 6:00. At noon, students will have a one-hour nap time, ensuring that they can learn effectively in the afternoon.
Zheng Xiaowan, a high school student also from Shenzhen Hongshan Middle School, supports this policy. She believes that the quality of studying is not necessarily related to the length of time spent on it. “When well rested, students’ psychological burden will be reduced accordingly, and they will be more ready for study tasks,” she said.
Meanwhile, there are also voices expressing concerns. “The new policy is a challenge to our self-discipline”, said Zhang Fuyue from Chaoyang No 2 High School, Liaoning province. “More sleeping time can lead to oversleeping in the morning or staying up late at night.”
The intention of the policy is obviously positive. With efforts from both schools and students, the policy can lead to expected results.
27．What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A．Students have their sleeping time set by the government.
B．Students will start their first class later than before.
C．Students needn’t do learning activities at school.
D．Students are required to take a nap at class.
28．How does Shenzhen Hongshan Middle School encourage students to make good use of their time
A．By encouraging students to do morning exercise.
B．By opening their dorm doors as early as possible.
C．By shortening students’ nap time during lunch break.
D．By giving students more freedom to manage their time.
29．What do paragraphs 3-4 mainly talk about
A．New requirements for students. B．The new policy’s effects on students.
C．Different responses to the new policy. D．Problems that exist in the new policy.
30．What is the author’s attitude toward the new policy
A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Negative.
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。从医院和疗养院到学校和军队，医疗领域的所有领域都需要护士，这就导致了对合格护士的巨大需求。这篇文章介绍了一些提供护理学位最好的大学。
1．细节理解题。根据Villanova University中“Nursing is a popular major and is offered as an online degree as well. The nursing graduates from Villanova make about $63,000 every year.(护理是一个很受欢迎的专业，也提供在线学位。维拉诺瓦的护理专业毕业生年薪约为6.3万美元)”可知，如果诺拉必须在家照顾孩子，她可以选择Villanova University大学获得护理学位。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据University of California, Los Angeles中“The UCLA School of Nursing is known for its excellent education provided by a group of leaders in the medical field.(加州大学洛杉矶分校护理学院以其在医学领域的杰出教育而闻名)”可知，其高质量的教学使加州大学洛杉矶分校护理学院闻名遐迩。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据University of California, Los Angeles中“The four-year program allows students to be qualified nurses through classroom learning and clinical training.(四年的课程让学生通过课堂学习和临床培训成为合格的护士)”可知，纽约大学护理学院更加注重学生的实践训练。故选C。
4．C 5．A 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习外语的重要性。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的““We believe that language learning is hugely beneficial for children’s development and it’s a real investment for the future,” said Antonella Sorace, professor of developmental Inguistics and director of offinguatlsm matters at Edinburgh University.(“我们认为语言学习对儿童的发展非常有益，这是对未来的真正投资，”爱丁堡大学发展语言学教授兼外语事务主任安东内拉 索拉丝说)”可推知，安东内拉 索拉丝对不同语言学习的态度是积极的。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Proficiency in a second language opens the door to new markets for businesses and allows them to create new relationships with prospective partners.Aside from being able to speak another language, the academic and interpersonal skills that can be gained from learning a new language are important as well.(精通一门外语可以为企业打开新市场的大门，让他们与潜在的合作伙伴建立新的关系。除了能够说另一种语言，从学习一门新语言中获得的学术和人际交往能力也很重要)”可推知，学习不同语言的好处是可以提高孩子的学业和社交能力。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The future employment market are in need of space tour guide, robot coach, frontline e-commerce worker, nurse practitioner etc.(未来的就业市场需要太空导游、机器人教练、一线电商工作者、护士等)”The future employment market are in need of space tour guide，robot coach，frontline e-commerce worker，nurse practitioner etc.(未来就业市场需要太空导游、机器人教练、一线电子商务工作者、护理从业者等)”并对比选项可知，未来最有利的工作是自动驾驶汽车设计师。A. Delivery man.送货员；B. News reporter.新闻记者；C. Local experience guide.当地体验导游；D. Self-driving car designer.自动驾驶汽车设计师。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Experts analyzed how language can impact children’s lives and the role it plays in everyday life.(专家们分析了语言如何影响儿童的生活以及它在日常生活中扮演的角色)”及下文陈述可知，这篇文章的目的是说明学习外语的重要性。故选C。
8．C 9．D 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了本宁顿学院举办的一项面向全球各地的高中生的写作比赛。
8．细节理解题。根据About the Contest部分最后一句“We welcome participation of both US and international students.(我们欢迎美国学生和国际学生的参与。)”可知，该比赛欢迎所有美国和国际学生。由此可推知，Young Writers Awards接受世界各地的参赛者。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据Awards & Rules部分的“All entries must be original work reviewed, approved and guided by a teacher.(所有参赛作品必须是由老师审阅、批准和指导的原创作品。)”和“please contact one to assist in your writing even if you have experience in such competitions(即使你有参加这类比赛的经验，也请联系一个协助你写作的人)”可知，参赛者需要找到一位老师指导自己的参赛作品。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据Awards & Rules部分的“second-place winners receive $500(第二名将获得500美元)”和“Young Writers Awards winners reaching the standard will receive $15,000 every year, for a total of $60,000(达到标准的青年作家奖获奖者每年将获得1.5万美元，总共6万美元)”可知，二等奖获得者会得到500美元的奖励，在申请并被本宁顿学院录取后会获得60000美元的奖学金，故一共会获得60500美元。故选D项。
11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于语言学习窗口的研究。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“He began by asking volunteers to take an online English grammar test.(他开始要求志愿者参加在线英语语法测试)”可知，Hartshorne是通过志愿者在线测试、问答等方式开展调查工作的。故选D。
12．词句猜测题。根据划线词组后文“those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.(而那些在10岁或12岁之后开始学习英语的人的英语水平从未达到更年轻的人的水平。为什么？研究人员认为，这是因为他们在17岁时技能下降之前练习的时间较少)”可知，took a nosedive是指在17岁左右时人们学习语法的能力是急剧下降的。由此推知，划线短语与选项A的意思最接近。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第五段“The results further showed that around age 17, people’s ability to learn grammar took a nosedive and that those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.(研究结果进一步表明，在17岁左右，人们学习语法的能力急剧下降，而那些在10岁或12岁之后开始学习英语的人的英语水平从未达到更年轻的人的水平。为什么？研究人员认为，这是因为他们在17岁时技能下降之前练习的时间较少)”可推知，研究人员认为语言学习需要大量练习。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Little kids can pick up a new language pretty easily. It’s supposed to be far harder for older children. But that conclusion(结论) might not be correct. The window on when people can learn a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18.(小孩子很容易学会一门新语言。对于年龄较大的孩子来说，这应该要困难得多。但这个结论可能不正确。人们何时能学好一门语言的窗口似乎要持续到17岁或18岁左右)”和第二段“Earlier research had suggested we’re best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. But that’s not so, said Joshua Hartshorne and his colleagues.(早期的研究表明，我们最擅长在幼儿时期学习语法。约书亚·哈特肖恩和他的同事说，然后我们在5岁左右就走到了死胡同。但事实并非如此)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于语言学习窗口的研究。故选B。
15．D 16．C 17．D 18．A
【导语】本文为说明文，主要讲述了当母语为英语的人与母语为非英语的人进行对话时，理解力就会下降，以及如何改善这种现象。
15．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Communication specialist Heather Hansen tells us that's because the native speaker doesn't know how to do what nonnative speakers do naturally: speak in ways that are understandable to everyone, using simple words and expressions.They unconsciously use unnecessarily confusing vocabulary, which makes language less understandable（沟通专家希瑟·汉森告诉我们，这是因为母语人士不知道如何自然地做非母语人士所做的事情：用简单的词语和表达，以每个人都能理解的方式说话。他们无意识地使用不必要的混淆词汇，这使得语言难以理解）”可知，D选项“Native speakers' use of confusing expressions（母语人士使用令人困惑的表达）”与之相符，故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“I only realized that‘complaints' here refers to symptoms I have after I spoke to my husband when I got home（当我回到家和丈夫交谈时才意识到这里的complaints指的是我的症状）”可知，当时Gong没有明白complaints的含义，故选C项。
17．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Take a page out of nonnative speakers' book, says Hansen, by changing your English to be more inclusive.That means no more confusing expressions. Small changes like this might allow native speakers to join in conversations with nonnative speakers（汉森说，从非母语人士的书中抽出一页，把你的英语改得更具包容性。这意味着不再有令人困惑的表达。像这样的小变化可能会让母语人士加入到与非母语人士的对话中）”可知，Hansen建议使用非母语人士可以理解的表达，故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Discovering it and wondering about the origins of the expression, which means "please do what needs to be done,"has been an enjoyable thing for Harb（发现它并想知道这个表达的起源，意思是“请做需要做的事”，这对哈布来说是一件令人愉快的事情）”可知，对于Harb而言，非母语人士使用的短语很有趣，故选A项。
19．B 20．C 21．D 22．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国校车的发展历史及校车未来会更注重环保。
19．主旨大意题。根据第一段关键句“American public schools offered transportation for their students long before the modern school bus.”（早在现代校车出现之前，美国公立学校就为学生提供了交通工具。）和“Over time, school districts used a system of horse-drawn wagons to pick up students and take them to school. In time, horse-drawn wagons gave way to cars, which picked up students before school and delivered them near home at the end of the day.”（随着时间的推移，学区使用了一套马车系统来接学生并送他们上学。随着时间的推移，马车让位于汽车，汽车在放学前接学生，并在一天结束时将他们送到家附近。）可知，第一段主要介绍了美国校车的历史，起初是使用了马车来接送学生，随着时间的推移，学校使用汽车来接送学生，由此可知，第一段主要介绍了美国校车的历史。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“The yellow color of modern school buses was chosen because it was easy to spot. When buses stand out on the road, drivers see them and stop in time to allow students to board safely.”（现代校车选择的黄色是因为它很容易被发现。当公交车停在路上时，司机会看到它们，并及时停车，让学生安全上车。）可知，现代校车选择黄色是为了让其他司机看到它们，并及时停车，让学生安全上车，避免交通事故，由此可知，现代校车选择黄色是为了避免道路事故的危险。故选C项。
21．词义猜测题。根据画线短语上句“What’s more, school buses have seats that help keep students safe in the event of a crash.”（更重要的是，校车的座位有助于在发生车祸时保护学生的安全。）可知，校车的座位有助于在发生车祸时保护学生的安全，由此可知，当校车受到重击时，座椅靠背可以减少冲击力带来的影响，进而保护学生的安全，“Reduce an effect”意为“减少影响”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Nowadays, some school districts are beginning to make changes to buses that help the environment. For example, one school bus in New York has an electric engine that doesn’t pollute the air.”（如今，一些学区开始对有利于环境的公交车进行改造。例如，纽约的一辆校车有一个不会污染空气的电动发动机。）可知，如今，校车更重视环保，一些学区开始对有利于环境的公交车进行改造，为了保护环境，纽约的一辆校车使用了不会污染空气的电动发动机，由此可知，校车正在变得更环保。故选A项。
23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了英语的历史起源以及与法语对它的影响。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon or Old English, a Germanic language.(1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。中西部地区居住着讲凯尔特语的威尔士人，北部居住着讲凯尔特语的苏格兰人，尽管他们的语言与威尔士语不一样，但也是凯尔特语。在这个国家的其他地方住着撒克逊人，实际上是盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、其他日耳曼人和北欧人的混合，他们说的是我们现在所说的盎格鲁-撒克逊人(或古英语)，一种日耳曼语言)”可知，1066年以前，在现在的大不列颠使用的两种主要语言是凯尔特语和古英语。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. (1066年，威廉领导的诺曼人击败了撒克逊人，开始了对英格兰的统治。大约一个世纪以来，法语成为英格兰的官方语言，而古英语成为农民的语言)”可知，William the Conqueror把法语带到英国，极大地影响了英语，故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.(当美国人第一次访问欧洲时，他们通常发现德国比法国更“外国”，因为他们在标牌和广告上看到的德语似乎比法语更不同于英语。很少有人意识到，英语在其开始时实际上是日耳曼语，而法语的影响都是人的野心的结果)”可推知，在美国人第一次访问欧洲时，法语对他们来说不像德语那么陌生是因为许多法语单词与英语单词相似。故选A。
26．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.(很少有人意识到英语从一开始就是日耳曼语，法语的影响都是一个人野心的结果)”并结合结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了英语一开始是以德语为基础的，William the Conqueror使得英语更倾向于法语。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲述的是法语对英语的影响。故选B。
27．B 28．D 29．C 30．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。从今年9月起，教育部制定的学生睡眠时间新政策正式在全国范围内实施。根据新政策，小学的第一节课不应该早于8:20，高中的第一节课不应该早于8:00。文章介绍了政策的实施情况以及人们对此的反应。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to the new policy, the first class in the morning at primary schools is not supposed to be earlier than 8:20, and that of high schools no earlier than 8:00.(根据新政策，小学的第一节课不应该早于8:20，高中的第一节课不应该早于8:00)”可推知，学生的第一节课将比以前上的晚。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中““We encourage students to manage their morning time by themselves instead of sitting in the classroom,” she said.(她说：“我们鼓励学生自己安排早上的时间，而不是坐在教室里。”)”可知，深圳市红山中学通过给学生更多的自由来管理他们的时间，来鼓励学生善用时间。故选D。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Zheng Xiaowan, a high school student also from Shenzhen Hongshan Middle School, supports this policy. She believes that the quality of studying is not necessarily related to the length of time spent on it. “When well rested, students’ psychological burden will be reduced accordingly, and they will be more ready for study tasks,” she said.(同样来自深圳红山中学的高中生郑晓婉支持这一政策。她认为学习的质量与学习时间长短没有必然的关系。她说：“休息好了，学生的心理负担就会相应减轻，他们就会为学习任务准备得更充分。”)”以及第四段“Meanwhile, there are also voices expressing concerns. “The new policy is a challenge to our self-discipline”, said Zhang Fuyue from Chaoyang No 2 High School, Liaoning province. “More sleeping time can lead to oversleeping in the morning or staying up late at night.”(与此同时，也有一些人表示担忧。来自辽宁省朝阳二中的张福跃表示：“这项新政策是对我们自律的挑战。睡眠时间过长会导致早上睡过头或晚上熬夜。”)”可知，第3和第4段主要讲了对新政策的不同反应。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The intention of the policy is obviously positive. With efforts from both schools and students, the policy can lead to expected results.(这项政策的意图显然是积极的。通过学校和学生双方的努力，该政策可以达到预期的效果)”可推知，作者对新政策的态度是积极支持的。故选C。
单元话题阅读理解练习
(名校最新真题)
（湖北省十堰市部分中学2022-2023学年高二上学期9月联考英语试题）Nurses are required in all areas of the medical field from hospitals and nursing homes to schools and the armed forces, heading to a great need of certified nurses. Here are some best universities for a degree in nursing.
Simmons College
Simmons College is a private women’s college founded in Boston in 1899. Nursing is the top major at the school as well as the most popular. The nursing graduates from Simmons make about $ 58, 000 every year.
Villanova University
Villanova University is a research university located in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. Named after Saint Thomas of Villanova, the school is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania. Nursing is a popular major and is offered as an online degree as well. The nursing graduates from Villanova make about $ 63,000 every year.
University of California, Los Angeles
The UCLA School of Nursing is known for its excellent education provided by a group of leaders in the medical field. The four-year program allows students to be qualified nurses through classroom learning and clinical training. A nursing degree from UCLA leads to positions in many hospitals and clinics, with a yearly income of about $ 84,000.
New York University
New York University attaches great importance to real-world experience. Along with taking classes in school, students mainly work in the health care environment receiving technical training Additionally, Nursing students of NYU College have the chance to study in Abu Dhabi, China and other countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. The education from NYU will prepare students to help doctors treat patients, earning a yearly income of about $ 86, 000.
1．If Nora has to look after her children at home, which university or college can she choose to get a nursing degree
A．Simmons College. B．Villanova University.
C．University of California, Los Angeles D．New York University.
2．What makes the UCLA School of Nursing famous
A．Its high-quality teaching. B．Its four-year program.
C．The clinical training it offers. D．The yearly income of graduates.
3．NYU College of Nursing focuses more attention on students’ __________
A．future income B．Learning environment
C．Practical training D．chance to study better
（2022·重庆实验外国语学校高二期中）Experts analyzed how language can impact children’s lives and the role it plays in everyday life. They also determined which languages tend to lead to the best career opportunities as an adult. “We believe that language learning is hugely beneficial for children’s development and it’s a real investment for the future,” said Antonella Sorace, professor of developmental Inguistics and director of offinguatlsm matters at Edinburgh University. The study involved a survey of 2,001 parents with children under the age of 18, along with another survey of more than 500 business leaders.
So which languages took the top spot Results indicated that children should be learning French, German, and/or Mandarin if they want to be successful within the next ten years. Proficiency in a second language opens the door to new markets for businesses and allows them to create new relationships with prospective partners.Aside from being able to speak another language, the academic and interpersonal skills that can be gained from learning a new language are important as well. “Children who are exposed different languages become more aware of different cultures,other people,and other points of view. They also tend to be better than monolinguals at multitasking and are often more advanced readers, said Sorace.
A vast majority of parents surveyed in this study (85 percent) believe it, is important for their children to learn a second language, and about one in four believe it will enhance their child’s career opportunities and boost employability.The future employment market are in need of space tour guide, robot coach, frontline e-commerce worker, nurse practitioner etc. No matter what a child choose to be, multilinguals and cross-culture talents will probably stand a good chance to take the lead. However, 45 percent of parents surveyed admit that their child or children cannot speak a second language.
If you want your child to stand out from the crowd, brush up on the habits of parents of successful people — give children chores, set high but realistic expectations, get yourself educated, make time for bonding, accept and recognize their feelings — and, of course, make sure they learn one of the three success languages!
4．What is Antonella Sorace’s attitude towards different languages learning ________
A．Critical. B．Neutral. C．Positive. D．Enthusiastic.
5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tells us concerning the advantages of learning different languages ________
A．It can improve children’s academic and social skills.
B．It makes children multilinguals and advanced readers.
C．It makes it possible for them to earn a fortune in future.
D．It benefits children in development and cultural exposure.
6．Which job will be the most favourable in the future, according to the passage ________
A．Delivery man. B．News reporter.
C．Local experience guide. D．Self-driving car designer.
7．What’s the purpose of the passage ________
A．To teach the ways of learning foreign languages.
B．To share the secret of becoming successful parents.
C．To show the importance of learning foreign languages.
D．To introduce the methods of raising successful children.
（2022·广东广州·高二阶段练习）Young Writers Awards
About the Contest
Bennington College has a unique literary tradition. We’ve had twelve Pulitzer Prize winners, three US poet laureates, four MacArthur Geniuses, and two of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people. In celebration of this, Bennington launched the Young Writers Awards to promote excellence in writing at the high school level. Students are invited to enter with the following work:
Poetry: A group of three poems
Fiction: A short story (1,500 words or fewer) or one-act play
Nonfiction: A personal or academic essay (1,500 words or fewer)
A first-, second-, and third-place winner is selected in each category. We welcome participation of both US and international students.
Awards & Rules
First-place winners in each category are awarded a prize of $1,000; second-place winners receive $500; third-place winners receive $250.
No charge for entrance. Fees for accidents caused by participants are required.
All entries must be original work reviewed, approved and guided by a teacher. We will use your teacher as a contact for the competition should we have any questions. For homeschooled students, please contact one to assist in your writing even if you have experience in such competitions.
Young Writers Awards finalists and winners are also qualified for undergraduate scholarships at Bennington. Young Writers Awards finalists who apply and gain admission to Bennington will receive a $10,000 scholarship every year for four years, for a total of $40,000. Young Writers Awards winners reaching the standard will receive $15,000 every year, for a total of $60,000.
8．What can be learned about the Young Writers Awards
A．It rewards three winners at last.
B．It’s a tradition of Bennington College.
C．It accepts participants worldwide.
D．It offers scholarships to undergraduates.
9．What are the participants asked to do
A．Hand in a personal essay. B．Have related writing experience.
C．Pay an entry fee on time. D．Find a teacher to help with the entry.
10．How much will the second-place winner to be admitted into Bennington gain in total
A．$10,500. B．$15,500.
C．$40,500. D．$60,500.
（2022·湖北宜昌·高二期中）Little kids can pick up a new language pretty easily. It’s supposed to be far harder for older children. But that conclusion (结论) might not be correct. The window on when people can learn a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18.
Earlier research had suggested we’re best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. But that’s not so, said Joshua Hartshorne and his colleagues.
Hartshorne surveyed tens of thousands of people online. He began by asking volunteers to take an online English grammar test. He used their answers to guess their native languages. After completing the test, volunteers answered questions about where they had lived the languages they had spoken from birth and the age at which they first started learning English. It also asked how long they’d lived in an English-speaking country.
Hartshorne’s group analyzed (分析) responses from 669,498 native and non-native speakers of English. If people moved to a new country and began speaking English by age 10 to 12, they finally spoke it as well as those who had learned both English and another language from birth, the researchers found.
The results further showed that around age 17, people’s ability to learn grammar took a nosedive and that those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.
However, they found language learning did not end at 17 and people’s English skills kept improving slightly until around age 30. This was true among both native speakers and those who learned English as a second language, the new study found.
11．How did Hartshorne do the survey
A．He paid his friends to do it. B．He surveyed thousands of students.
C．He interviewed passers-by. D．He carried out the survey online.
12．Which of the following best explains “took a nosedive” underlined in paragraph 5
A．Fell. B．Changed. C．Counted. D．Rose.
13．What do the researchers say about language learning
A．It requires few skills. B．It keeps people smarter.
C．It ends at the age of 17. D．It needs more practice.
14．What is the text mainly about
A．A learning guide. B．A study on language learning.
C．An English speaker. D．A survey on grammar rules.
（2022·辽宁·高二期中）Years of research show that when a native English speaker enters a conversation among nonnative speakers, understanding goes down.Communication specialist Heather Hansen tells us that's because the native speaker doesn't know how to do what nonnative speakers do naturally: speak in ways that are understandable to everyone, using simple words and expressions.They unconsciously use unnecessarily confusing vocabulary, which makes language less understandable.
Ting Gong grew up in Shanghai and moved to the U.S.in her 20s. She ran up against this problem of confusing vocabulary at the doctor's one day. "The receptionist(接待员)gave me a form and asked me to write down my complaints,”she said.“I told her that I did not have any complaint，and she looked impatient and then she asked me to write down anything that I could think of.”
“I only realized that‘complaints' here refers to symptoms I have after I spoke to my husband when I got home. At the doctor's I actually wrote down 'the receptionist was not friendly' as one of my complaints."
So what can we do to improve communication between native and nonnative English speakers
Hansen says the responsibility shouldn't be on nonnative speakers but rather on native English speakers. Take a page out of nonnative speakers' book, says Hansen, by changing your English to be more inclusive.That means no more confusing expressions. Small changes like this might allow native speakers to join in conversations with nonnative speakers.
Joseph Issam Harb, who was raised in the United States and Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates, said,"I am still learning about English from nonnative speakers.
"In emails, I've discovered an expression commonly used by some nonnative speakers 'please do the needful,' "Harb said."For years I have been interested in this expression and its use in formal work environment emails." Discovering it and wondering about the origins of the expression, which means "please do what needs to be done,"has been an enjoyable thing for Harb.
15．What makes communication between native and nonnative speakers less smooth according to Hansen
A．The speed of native speakers' talk.
B．Nonnative speakers' bad pronunciation.
C．The difference between speakers' cultures.
D．Native speakers' use of confusing expressions.
16．Why did Gong reply that she did not have any complaint
A．She had difficulty expressing herself in English.
B．She wanted to get treatment as soon as possible.
C．She failed to understand what the receptionist had meant.
D．She feared that the receptionist would become impatient.
17．What does Hansen suggest native English speakers do
A．Read books by nonnative English writers.
B．Join in more nonnative speakers' conversations.
C．Make no comment about nonnative speakers' English.
D．Use expressions understandable to nonnative speakers.
18．What did Harb say about nonnative English
A．It is very interesting. B．It should be corrected.
C．It sounds strange and funny. D．It can be used in informal situations.
（2022·浙江·瓯海中学高二期中）American public schools offered transportation for their students long before the modern school bus. In the 1800s, many students attended one-room schoolhouses in rural areas where few people lived. Some students walked; others used horses or sleds to get to school. Over time, school districts used a system of horse-drawn wagons to pick up students and take them to school. In time, horse-drawn wagons gave way to cars, which picked up students before school and delivered them near home at the end of the day.
The first school buses that carried students didn’t look much like modern ones. A school bus from the 1920s, for example, looked like a long car. School buses gradually grew larger to hold more and more students. The yellow color of modern school buses was chosen because it was easy to spot. When buses stand out on the road, drivers see them and stop in time to allow students to board safely. Today, the law says that American school buses must be painted a color called “National School Bus Glossy Yellow.” The bright color helps drivers recognize school buses immediately.
Modern school buses are far safer than before. Bus drivers receive stricter safety training. What’s more, school buses have seats that help keep students safe in the event of a crash. Seat backs are made to absorb an impact when a school bus is hit hard. Buses may also include flashing stop signs, which alert drivers that students are getting off or on the bus. Some buses have cameras that help drivers see what’s happening inside the bus and outside.
Nowadays, some school districts are beginning to make changes to buses that help the environment. For example, one school bus in New York has an electric engine that doesn’t pollute the air. The bus can travel for about 120 miles (190 km) before it needs to be recharged. School buses can also cut down pollution by replacing private cars. The average school bus can drive fifty-four students, which keeps about thirty-six private cars off the road. This fact, along with newer, greener technology, can help keep the air cleaner.
19．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about
A．The schooling of American rural areas.
B．The history of American school buses.
C．The change of American public transport.
D．The development of American public schools.
20．Why was the yellow colour chosen for modern school buses
A．To allow them to stop safely.
B．To make them look different.
C．To avoid the danger of road accidents.
D．To help students recognize them easily.
21．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “absorb an impact”
A．Prevent a hit. B．Change a position.
C．Give a push. D．Reduce an effect.
22．What can be inferred about school buses from the last paragraph
A．They are going greener.
B．They can travel longer.
C．They do not cause pollution.
D．They will replace private cars.
（2022·四川绵阳·高二学业考试）If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare” “Samuel Johnson” and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English-William the Conqueror.
Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon or Old English, a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.
But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.
23．What language did people in Britain mainly speak before 1066
A．Celtic and Old English. B．Nordic and Germanic.
C．Welsh and Scottish. D．Anglo-Saxon and Germanic.
24．How did William the Conqueror influence English
A．By teaching people in Britain to speak English.
B．By defeating the Saxons and ruling the whole England.
C．By bringing French to Britain to greatly influence English.
D．By speaking good English to show that they were upper-class.
25．Why does Americans feel France is less foreign than Germany
A．They know French better than German.
B．They know little history of the English people.
C．In France most of the advertisements appear in English.
D．There are more similarities between English and French.
26．What is the main idea of this passage
A．The history of Great Britain.
B．The French effects on the English language.
C．The differences between English and French.
D．The great people who had effects on English.
（2022·江苏苏州·高二期中）From this September, the new policy on students’ sleeping time set by the Ministry of Education has been officially carried out nationwide. According to the new policy, the first class in the morning at primary schools is not supposed to be earlier than 8:20, and that of high schools no earlier than 8:00. Schools are also not able to require students to come in before class for any learning activities. If possible, schools must also guarantee nap time during lunch break for students. The new policy shows the importance the government attaches to students’ health.
Deng Mengyu, a high school English teacher from Shenzhen Hongshan Middle School, said that their school already put some measures into effect to make sure that students are well rested and using their time effectively. “We encourage students to manage their morning time by themselves instead of sitting in the classroom,” she said. Some students need more sleep while others prefer doing exercise to start the day. So the school’s dormitories open doors at 6:00. At noon, students will have a one-hour nap time, ensuring that they can learn effectively in the afternoon.
Zheng Xiaowan, a high school student also from Shenzhen Hongshan Middle School, supports this policy. She believes that the quality of studying is not necessarily related to the length of time spent on it. “When well rested, students’ psychological burden will be reduced accordingly, and they will be more ready for study tasks,” she said.
Meanwhile, there are also voices expressing concerns. “The new policy is a challenge to our self-discipline”, said Zhang Fuyue from Chaoyang No 2 High School, Liaoning province. “More sleeping time can lead to oversleeping in the morning or staying up late at night.”
The intention of the policy is obviously positive. With efforts from both schools and students, the policy can lead to expected results.
27．What can be inferred from the first paragraph
A．Students have their sleeping time set by the government.
B．Students will start their first class later than before.
C．Students needn’t do learning activities at school.
D．Students are required to take a nap at class.
28．How does Shenzhen Hongshan Middle School encourage students to make good use of their time
A．By encouraging students to do morning exercise.
B．By opening their dorm doors as early as possible.
C．By shortening students’ nap time during lunch break.
D．By giving students more freedom to manage their time.
29．What do paragraphs 3-4 mainly talk about
A．New requirements for students. B．The new policy’s effects on students.
C．Different responses to the new policy. D．Problems that exist in the new policy.
30．What is the author’s attitude toward the new policy
A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Negative.
参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。从医院和疗养院到学校和军队，医疗领域的所有领域都需要护士，这就导致了对合格护士的巨大需求。这篇文章介绍了一些提供护理学位最好的大学。
1．细节理解题。根据Villanova University中“Nursing is a popular major and is offered as an online degree as well. The nursing graduates from Villanova make about $63,000 every year.(护理是一个很受欢迎的专业，也提供在线学位。维拉诺瓦的护理专业毕业生年薪约为6.3万美元)”可知，如果诺拉必须在家照顾孩子，她可以选择Villanova University大学获得护理学位。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据University of California, Los Angeles中“The UCLA School of Nursing is known for its excellent education provided by a group of leaders in the medical field.(加州大学洛杉矶分校护理学院以其在医学领域的杰出教育而闻名)”可知，其高质量的教学使加州大学洛杉矶分校护理学院闻名遐迩。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据University of California, Los Angeles中“The four-year program allows students to be qualified nurses through classroom learning and clinical training.(四年的课程让学生通过课堂学习和临床培训成为合格的护士)”可知，纽约大学护理学院更加注重学生的实践训练。故选C。
4．C 5．A 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习外语的重要性。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的““We believe that language learning is hugely beneficial for children’s development and it’s a real investment for the future,” said Antonella Sorace, professor of developmental Inguistics and director of offinguatlsm matters at Edinburgh University.(“我们认为语言学习对儿童的发展非常有益，这是对未来的真正投资，”爱丁堡大学发展语言学教授兼外语事务主任安东内拉 索拉丝说)”可推知，安东内拉 索拉丝对不同语言学习的态度是积极的。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Proficiency in a second language opens the door to new markets for businesses and allows them to create new relationships with prospective partners.Aside from being able to speak another language, the academic and interpersonal skills that can be gained from learning a new language are important as well.(精通一门外语可以为企业打开新市场的大门，让他们与潜在的合作伙伴建立新的关系。除了能够说另一种语言，从学习一门新语言中获得的学术和人际交往能力也很重要)”可推知，学习不同语言的好处是可以提高孩子的学业和社交能力。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The future employment market are in need of space tour guide, robot coach, frontline e-commerce worker, nurse practitioner etc.(未来的就业市场需要太空导游、机器人教练、一线电商工作者、护士等)”The future employment market are in need of space tour guide，robot coach，frontline e-commerce worker，nurse practitioner etc.(未来就业市场需要太空导游、机器人教练、一线电子商务工作者、护理从业者等)”并对比选项可知，未来最有利的工作是自动驾驶汽车设计师。A. Delivery man.送货员；B. News reporter.新闻记者；C. Local experience guide.当地体验导游；D. Self-driving car designer.自动驾驶汽车设计师。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Experts analyzed how language can impact children’s lives and the role it plays in everyday life.(专家们分析了语言如何影响儿童的生活以及它在日常生活中扮演的角色)”及下文陈述可知，这篇文章的目的是说明学习外语的重要性。故选C。
8．C 9．D 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了本宁顿学院举办的一项面向全球各地的高中生的写作比赛。
8．细节理解题。根据About the Contest部分最后一句“We welcome participation of both US and international students.(我们欢迎美国学生和国际学生的参与。)”可知，该比赛欢迎所有美国和国际学生。由此可推知，Young Writers Awards接受世界各地的参赛者。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据Awards & Rules部分的“All entries must be original work reviewed, approved and guided by a teacher.(所有参赛作品必须是由老师审阅、批准和指导的原创作品。)”和“please contact one to assist in your writing even if you have experience in such competitions(即使你有参加这类比赛的经验，也请联系一个协助你写作的人)”可知，参赛者需要找到一位老师指导自己的参赛作品。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据Awards & Rules部分的“second-place winners receive $500(第二名将获得500美元)”和“Young Writers Awards winners reaching the standard will receive $15,000 every year, for a total of $60,000(达到标准的青年作家奖获奖者每年将获得1.5万美元，总共6万美元)”可知，二等奖获得者会得到500美元的奖励，在申请并被本宁顿学院录取后会获得60000美元的奖学金，故一共会获得60500美元。故选D项。
11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于语言学习窗口的研究。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“He began by asking volunteers to take an online English grammar test.(他开始要求志愿者参加在线英语语法测试)”可知，Hartshorne是通过志愿者在线测试、问答等方式开展调查工作的。故选D。
12．词句猜测题。根据划线词组后文“those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.(而那些在10岁或12岁之后开始学习英语的人的英语水平从未达到更年轻的人的水平。为什么？研究人员认为，这是因为他们在17岁时技能下降之前练习的时间较少)”可知，took a nosedive是指在17岁左右时人们学习语法的能力是急剧下降的。由此推知，划线短语与选项A的意思最接近。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第五段“The results further showed that around age 17, people’s ability to learn grammar took a nosedive and that those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why The researchers think it’s because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.(研究结果进一步表明，在17岁左右，人们学习语法的能力急剧下降，而那些在10岁或12岁之后开始学习英语的人的英语水平从未达到更年轻的人的水平。为什么？研究人员认为，这是因为他们在17岁时技能下降之前练习的时间较少)”可推知，研究人员认为语言学习需要大量练习。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Little kids can pick up a new language pretty easily. It’s supposed to be far harder for older children. But that conclusion(结论) might not be correct. The window on when people can learn a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18.(小孩子很容易学会一门新语言。对于年龄较大的孩子来说，这应该要困难得多。但这个结论可能不正确。人们何时能学好一门语言的窗口似乎要持续到17岁或18岁左右)”和第二段“Earlier research had suggested we’re best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. But that’s not so, said Joshua Hartshorne and his colleagues.(早期的研究表明，我们最擅长在幼儿时期学习语法。约书亚·哈特肖恩和他的同事说，然后我们在5岁左右就走到了死胡同。但事实并非如此)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于语言学习窗口的研究。故选B。
15．D 16．C 17．D 18．A
【导语】本文为说明文，主要讲述了当母语为英语的人与母语为非英语的人进行对话时，理解力就会下降，以及如何改善这种现象。
15．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Communication specialist Heather Hansen tells us that's because the native speaker doesn't know how to do what nonnative speakers do naturally: speak in ways that are understandable to everyone, using simple words and expressions.They unconsciously use unnecessarily confusing vocabulary, which makes language less understandable（沟通专家希瑟·汉森告诉我们，这是因为母语人士不知道如何自然地做非母语人士所做的事情：用简单的词语和表达，以每个人都能理解的方式说话。他们无意识地使用不必要的混淆词汇，这使得语言难以理解）”可知，D选项“Native speakers' use of confusing expressions（母语人士使用令人困惑的表达）”与之相符，故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“I only realized that‘complaints' here refers to symptoms I have after I spoke to my husband when I got home（当我回到家和丈夫交谈时才意识到这里的complaints指的是我的症状）”可知，当时Gong没有明白complaints的含义，故选C项。
17．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Take a page out of nonnative speakers' book, says Hansen, by changing your English to be more inclusive.That means no more confusing expressions. Small changes like this might allow native speakers to join in conversations with nonnative speakers（汉森说，从非母语人士的书中抽出一页，把你的英语改得更具包容性。这意味着不再有令人困惑的表达。像这样的小变化可能会让母语人士加入到与非母语人士的对话中）”可知，Hansen建议使用非母语人士可以理解的表达，故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Discovering it and wondering about the origins of the expression, which means "please do what needs to be done,"has been an enjoyable thing for Harb（发现它并想知道这个表达的起源，意思是“请做需要做的事”，这对哈布来说是一件令人愉快的事情）”可知，对于Harb而言，非母语人士使用的短语很有趣，故选A项。
19．B 20．C 21．D 22．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国校车的发展历史及校车未来会更注重环保。
19．主旨大意题。根据第一段关键句“American public schools offered transportation for their students long before the modern school bus.”（早在现代校车出现之前，美国公立学校就为学生提供了交通工具。）和“Over time, school districts used a system of horse-drawn wagons to pick up students and take them to school. In time, horse-drawn wagons gave way to cars, which picked up students before school and delivered them near home at the end of the day.”（随着时间的推移，学区使用了一套马车系统来接学生并送他们上学。随着时间的推移，马车让位于汽车，汽车在放学前接学生，并在一天结束时将他们送到家附近。）可知，第一段主要介绍了美国校车的历史，起初是使用了马车来接送学生，随着时间的推移，学校使用汽车来接送学生，由此可知，第一段主要介绍了美国校车的历史。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“The yellow color of modern school buses was chosen because it was easy to spot. When buses stand out on the road, drivers see them and stop in time to allow students to board safely.”（现代校车选择的黄色是因为它很容易被发现。当公交车停在路上时，司机会看到它们，并及时停车，让学生安全上车。）可知，现代校车选择黄色是为了让其他司机看到它们，并及时停车，让学生安全上车，避免交通事故，由此可知，现代校车选择黄色是为了避免道路事故的危险。故选C项。
21．词义猜测题。根据画线短语上句“What’s more, school buses have seats that help keep students safe in the event of a crash.”（更重要的是，校车的座位有助于在发生车祸时保护学生的安全。）可知，校车的座位有助于在发生车祸时保护学生的安全，由此可知，当校车受到重击时，座椅靠背可以减少冲击力带来的影响，进而保护学生的安全，“Reduce an effect”意为“减少影响”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Nowadays, some school districts are beginning to make changes to buses that help the environment. For example, one school bus in New York has an electric engine that doesn’t pollute the air.”（如今，一些学区开始对有利于环境的公交车进行改造。例如，纽约的一辆校车有一个不会污染空气的电动发动机。）可知，如今，校车更重视环保，一些学区开始对有利于环境的公交车进行改造，为了保护环境，纽约的一辆校车使用了不会污染空气的电动发动机，由此可知，校车正在变得更环保。故选A项。
23．A 24．C 25．D 26．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了英语的历史起源以及与法语对它的影响。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon or Old English, a Germanic language.(1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。中西部地区居住着讲凯尔特语的威尔士人，北部居住着讲凯尔特语的苏格兰人，尽管他们的语言与威尔士语不一样，但也是凯尔特语。在这个国家的其他地方住着撒克逊人，实际上是盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、其他日耳曼人和北欧人的混合，他们说的是我们现在所说的盎格鲁-撒克逊人(或古英语)，一种日耳曼语言)”可知，1066年以前，在现在的大不列颠使用的两种主要语言是凯尔特语和古英语。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. (1066年，威廉领导的诺曼人击败了撒克逊人，开始了对英格兰的统治。大约一个世纪以来，法语成为英格兰的官方语言，而古英语成为农民的语言)”可知，William the Conqueror把法语带到英国，极大地影响了英语，故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.(当美国人第一次访问欧洲时，他们通常发现德国比法国更“外国”，因为他们在标牌和广告上看到的德语似乎比法语更不同于英语。很少有人意识到，英语在其开始时实际上是日耳曼语，而法语的影响都是人的野心的结果)”可推知，在美国人第一次访问欧洲时，法语对他们来说不像德语那么陌生是因为许多法语单词与英语单词相似。故选A。
26．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.(很少有人意识到英语从一开始就是日耳曼语，法语的影响都是一个人野心的结果)”并结合结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了英语一开始是以德语为基础的，William the Conqueror使得英语更倾向于法语。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲述的是法语对英语的影响。故选B。
27．B 28．D 29．C 30．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。从今年9月起，教育部制定的学生睡眠时间新政策正式在全国范围内实施。根据新政策，小学的第一节课不应该早于8:20，高中的第一节课不应该早于8:00。文章介绍了政策的实施情况以及人们对此的反应。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to the new policy, the first class in the morning at primary schools is not supposed to be earlier than 8:20, and that of high schools no earlier than 8:00.(根据新政策，小学的第一节课不应该早于8:20，高中的第一节课不应该早于8:00)”可推知，学生的第一节课将比以前上的晚。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中““We encourage students to manage their morning time by themselves instead of sitting in the classroom,” she said.(她说：“我们鼓励学生自己安排早上的时间，而不是坐在教室里。”)”可知，深圳市红山中学通过给学生更多的自由来管理他们的时间，来鼓励学生善用时间。故选D。
29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Zheng Xiaowan, a high school student also from Shenzhen Hongshan Middle School, supports this policy. She believes that the quality of studying is not necessarily related to the length of time spent on it. “When well rested, students’ psychological burden will be reduced accordingly, and they will be more ready for study tasks,” she said.(同样来自深圳红山中学的高中生郑晓婉支持这一政策。她认为学习的质量与学习时间长短没有必然的关系。她说：“休息好了，学生的心理负担就会相应减轻，他们就会为学习任务准备得更充分。”)”以及第四段“Meanwhile, there are also voices expressing concerns. “The new policy is a challenge to our self-discipline”, said Zhang Fuyue from Chaoyang No 2 High School, Liaoning province. “More sleeping time can lead to oversleeping in the morning or staying up late at night.”(与此同时，也有一些人表示担忧。来自辽宁省朝阳二中的张福跃表示：“这项新政策是对我们自律的挑战。睡眠时间过长会导致早上睡过头或晚上熬夜。”)”可知，第3和第4段主要讲了对新政策的不同反应。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The intention of the policy is obviously positive. With efforts from both schools and students, the policy can lead to expected results.(这项政策的意图显然是积极的。通过学校和学生双方的努力，该政策可以达到预期的效果)”可推知，作者对新政策的态度是积极支持的。故选C。