山东省威海市2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）
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山东省威海市2019-2022三年高二下学期英语期末试卷汇编
阅读理解专题
山东省威海市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Throughout history great cities have risen and fallen. Some of them are seemingly lost in time — until artifacts (古物) are discovered that bring them back to life.
Teotihuacán
Located outside of Mexico City, Teotihuacán is thought to have been settled around 400 BC. By 400 AD, it was the most influential, powerful city in its region. Teotihuacán’s real treasure is its massive step pyramids. Much of the city’s history is still a mystery, but some believe that its decline came from changing climate conditions like long-term droughts.
Petra
This ancient city in southern Jordan flourished from the 4th century BC to 106 AD. It was an important place for spice and silk trade routes. It also had a complicatedly-designed water management system. Petra was occupied by Rome in 106 AD, and the trade routes soon shifted. Hundreds of years later, earthquakes damaged the water system and Petra was abandoned.
Pompeii
Endless tales have been told about the tragedy of Pompeii which occurred on August 24, in the year 79 AD, when the volcano Vesuvius erupted. The entire town was swiftly covered in ash and soil. Everything was frozen in time. The site was unearthed in the 18th century, and the evidence found provided a great detail of insight into daily living in this ancient Italian city.
Ctesiphon
Located about 20 miles outside of Baghdad, Ctesiphon was one of the greatest cities in Western Asia in the 6th century. It was conquered (征服) by Rome, and then by the Byzantine Empire. In 637 AD, it was captured by the Muslims. Many believe that the ancient city was the inspiration for the city of Isbanir mentioned in the Thousand and One Nights folk tales.
1. What do we know about Teotihuacán
A. Its history needs further exploration.
B. It was the most powerful city of its time.
C. It took about 400 years to reach its peak.
D. Its pyramids were ruined by climate change.
2. In which city can we learn about ancient Italian daily life
A. Teotihuacán. B. Petra. C. Pompeii. D. Ctesiphon.
3. What do Petra and Ctesiphon have in common
A. They were sources for folk tales. B. They declined due to natural disasters.
C. They were once defeated by Rome. D. They were towns on the ancient silk road.
B
Richard Proenneke did what most nature lovers can only dream of: At age 51, he quit his job as a mechanic and moved to the Alaskan wilderness to become one with nature.
In 1962, Proenneke encountered the area Twin Lakes, now called Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. Its wild beauty struck a chord with Proenneke. He thought the area was a perfect place to settle. In 1968, he built a small cabin there and remained for the next 30 years.
Going such long periods without companionship would tax many a person. But that was not the case for Proenneke. An obsessive observer and diarist, Proenneke once noted he was so busy with his life that he was never lonely. He spent most of his free time writing about the weather, the environment and the animals, some of which he befriended with regular treats. He hiked thousands of miles per year, becoming quite familiar with the miles of wilderness around his cabin. He caught and ate fish from the lake. Having no refrigerator, he dug into the ground and created a chilly storage box that helped to prolong his fresh foods.
Yet Proenneke wasn’t a bitter or angry isolationist (孤立主义者). He happily wrote replies to just about anyone who sent him letters. During the 30 years, Proenneke filled up more than 250 notepads with his diary entries. He also carried a camera to record some of his daily activities. Along with a biography composed by his friend Sam Keith, Proenneke’s notepads and camera footage were later turned into a documentary, Alone in the Wilderness.
In his will, Proenneke left behind his Twin Lakes cabin to the park rangers (护林员) as a gift. Actually, he had become such an important part of the park’s ecosystem that the rangers had trouble imagining life without him.
4. What made Proenneke different from other nature lovers
A. He loved outdoor activities. B. He built a cabin in the forest.
C. He quit his job in his fifties. D. He settled alone in the wilderness.
5. Which word can best replace the underlined “tax” in Paragraph 3
A. Impress. B. Benefit. C. Defeat. D. Transform.
6. What might Proenneke think of his life in Twin Lakes
A. Bitter but fruitful. B. Lonely but peaceful.
C. Risky but thrilling. D. Simple but fulfilling.
7. What might be a suitable title for the text
A. One Man’s “Alaska” B. Gift from a Nature Lover
C. A Volunteer Ranger D. Survival in the Wilderness
C
Bats are nature’s pest patrol. They consume large quantities of night flying insects, including some that annoy farmers. But habitat loss and climate change, as well as infectious diseases, are reducing bats’ ability to do their job. A new study adds another item to the list: wildfires. But not too many — too few.
In California’s Sierra Nevada ecosystem, bats have adapted to occasional wildfires. But fire-prevention policies have kept some areas unburned for unusually long periods, resulting in denser (更稠密的) forests with thicker undergrowth. “We wanted to see how these changes in how fires are burning might be influencing bat biodiversity,” says Zack Steel, who conducted the research.
Steel and his colleagues used microphones to count bats by recording their distinctive echolocation (回声定位) over four years at six sites in the Sierra Nevada. Three of the areas had recently endured fires, and three remained unburned.
Seventeen bat species call these forests home. The study revealed that eight of them tended to frequent the unburned patches, whereas 11 used the burned areas (some species visited both). “We expected to see Group A (the more open-habitat-adapted-species) benefiting from fire and Group B (the more clutter-adapted species) being negatively affected by fire, preferring the unburned areas,” Steel says. “But even some of those species were occurring more often in burned areas.”
“When there’s lots of variation in habitat after a fire, many species benefit in different ways,” says University of Connecticut biologist Andrew Stillman, “On the whole, the community (群体) becomes more diverse, and that’s a good thing for the landscape.”
Putting out wildfires early leads to some species losing out on food and resources.
“Fire is a natural part of the ecosystem, and many animals require the disturbance from fire to create the types of habitat that they need,” Stillman adds. “It demonstrates another negative consequence of keeping wildfire away from fire-adapted forests in California.”
8. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Too few bat species have survived. B. Too few wildfires have occurred.
C. Too few items influence bats’ community. D. Too few insects are eaten by bats.
9. What does Paragraph 4 center on about the study
A. Its method. B. Its result. C. Its process. D. Its focus.
10. What benefits the bats in Sierra Nevada ecosystem according to the study
A. Free of wildfires. B. Variation in habitats.
C. Thicker forests. D. Fire-prevention policies.
11. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To analyze effects wildfires have on bats.
B. To find out the differences among bat groups.
C. To bring forest protection into public attention.
D. To show ways to keep the balance of ecosystem.
D
If job seekers knew companies were using AI to fill open positions, would it stop them from applying for the job The answer, according to a recent study, is yes — sometimes.
The researchers found that in certain instances, like the screening (筛选) of applications, participants usually accepted some degree of automation. But in other instances, like interviews, automation could stop job seekers from applying for a position.
Companies facing recent labor shortages are increasingly turning to AI as a way to facilitate and speed up the hiring process. AI can be used in tasks such as screening job candidates, checking professional licenses, and interviewing candidates.
The new research suggests that using AI in hiring could be quite opposite. For instance, in one part of the study, participants were shown fictional job postings and then asked if they intended to apply for the position. The researchers found that if the job posting said that AI was used both to screen applicants and to conduct interviews, participants’ intention to apply for the position averaged 2.77 on a six-point scale. If AI was used only for the screening process, participants’ intention to apply averaged 3.73.
In another experiment, the researchers also found that study participants saw pros and cons in the use of AI in interviewing. When told the hiring would be fully automated, some participants expected the whole hiring process to be more consistent (始终如一的) in its judgments. But others tended to believe that they had less voice in the final outcome. Overall, the study results suggest this concern tends to outweigh the appreciation of AI’s lack of bias (偏见) at the interviewing stage.
A mixed approach may be a way to get the best of both worlds. Participants may have been more open to automation earlier in the hiring process because they could see some benefits from using AI — such as less-biased decisions. But during the later stages applicants expect personal interaction, to give them an opportunity to sell themselves and to learn more about the company.
12. Why do companies increasingly turn to AI in hiring
A. To attract more applicants. B. To boost hiring process.
C. To pick out top candidates. D. To solve labor shortages.
13. In which part do participants prefer automation
A. Screening job candidates. B. Interviewing candidates.
C. Grading professional licenses. D. Predicting final outcomes.
14. What does the underlined part refer to in Paragraph 5
A. Less AI involvement. B. Lack of consistent judgments.
C. Less-biased decisions. D. Lack of personal interaction.
15. What’s the main idea of the text
A. Hi-tech is a two-edged sword.
B. AI finds its way to hiring process.
C. Automation may discourage job seekers.
D. A mixed approach should be adopted in hiring.
山东省威海市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When considering places to visit in China, thoughts invariably drift to the same old sites, like the Great Wall, the Terracotta Army and the Bund. Look a little farther, however, and you can find some truly fascinating scenery and settings you’ve probably never heard of.
Houtouwan — A village like no other
Located on Shengshan Island, Houtouwan was once home to a fishing community. In the 1990s, however, much of the population left as the fishing routes dried up and opportunities arose on the mainland. Left completely to Mother Nature’s designs, Houtouwan has been transformed into a truly fascinating ghost village over the years, like the set of a horror movie!
Houtouwan is not an easy place to get to. From Shanghai, you will need to transfer between land and water vehicles several times to finally reach there.
Crescent Lake — An oasis in the desert
Out west, there’s a whole different world to be explored — Crescent Lake. It is part of a literal oasis in the desert that surrounds Dunhuang in Gansu. The crescent-shaped body of water has been preserved so visitors can enjoy one of nature’s true rarities.
Crescent Lake is located just a 15-minute taxi ride from Dunhuang.
Old Dragon’s Head — The Great Wall you’ve never seen before
One of the most unusual places to explore the Great Wall is Old Dragon’s Head, where the wall meets the sea in Qinhuangdao. The waves crashing against the stones stirs up a certain poetry. After checking out the wall, you can relax yourself on the beach.
Old Dragon’s Head is part of the Shanhai Pass section of the wall. It can be reached by taxi from Qinhuangdao train station.
Panjin Red Beach — The world’s most beautiful marshlands
Red Beach, located in Panjin, Liaoning province, forms part of what is the biggest wetland in the world. The weeds of the beautiful marshland area are flaming red. Stilted walkways have been installed so visitors can explore without harming the otherworldly weeds.
From Panjin train station, bargain with the local taxi drivers to take you directly to Red Beach.
21. Why did the villagers leave Houtouwan
A. To look for another fishing route. B. To preserve its natural beauty.
C. To seek a better life on the mainland. D. To make room for a film base.
22 In which place are special walkways built for visitors
A. Houtouwan. B. Old Dragon’s Head.
C. Crescent Lake. D. Panjin Red Beach.
23. What do these places have in common according to the writer
A. They’re all wonders of nature. B. They’re all not-so-famous.
C They’re all inconveniently located. D. They’re all well-preserved.
B
A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea, which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.
An inland blue hole’s water is very still and has different layers. A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.
Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous. Near the top of the blue hole, there is a layer of toxic gas, which causes itching, dizziness, and—in large amounts—death. Divers must also be fast. They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out. Additionally, divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside. Without the guideline, they may get lost.
If blue holes are so dangerous, why do explorers and scientists risk their lives to explore them The reason is that these underwater caves can provide valuable scientific information. They provide clues about geology, archaeology, and biology. For example, some blue hole creatures, such as the remipede, probably haven’t changed for millions of years.
The blue holes could even provide clues about astrobiology. For example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen. Astrobiologist Kevin Hand says the bacteria may be similar to forms of life that might exist on Jupiter’s fourth largest moon, Europa. “Our study of life’s extremes on Earth,” he says, can help increase “our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”
In addition, the oxygen-free environment of the blue holes preserves bones of humans and animals that fell into the caves long ago. By studying blue holes, we can understand what life was like in prehistoric times. As cave diver Kenny Broad says, “I can think of no other environment on Earth that is so challenging to explore and gives us back so much scientifically.”
24. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. The structure of a blue hole. B. The location of a blue hole.
C. The formation of a blue hole. D. The definition of a blue hole.
25. Where can bright-colored bacteria be found
A. In the saltwater layer. B. In the freshwater layer.
C. In between the freshwater and saltwater layers. D. In both of the freshwater and saltwater layers.
26. Which of the following best explains the underlined word
A. The study of life on Earth. B. The study of life in the universe.
C. The study of life in prehistoric times. D. The study of life in oxygen-free environment.
27. Which of the following can best describe blue holes
A. They’re oxygen-free and lifeless. B. They’re poisonous and dark.
C. They’re death zones and mazelike. D. They’re free of air and light.
C
Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos (纹身). The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin. The device would look like a pair of tattoos on your palm and the side of your thumb, but it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would draw power from your body’s energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, monitor your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality. UnderSkin is just an idea—you can’t go out and get one—but the technology exists to make it work.
Writer and technology entrepreneur Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag implanted in his hand. “I use it to log into my computer. I also use it to share contact details with people,” he says. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio signals with a unique identification number.
If a computerized tattoo or embedded (植入的) tag isn’t crazy enough for you, what about a brain chip The company Intel is working on technology that would let you control your devices with your mind. The researchers explain, “We’re trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves… Imagine being able to surf the Web with the power of your thoughts.”
Do you think embedded chips sound frightening or cool Some doctors are concerned about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical procedures are meant to treat sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. Others worry about hacking and privacy. Could someone hack in and steal your identity, or even control your mind On a more philosophical level, if you have a computer inside your body, are you still human Or are you a cyborg
28. What can be inferred about UnderSkin
A It is thumb-sized. B. It is only a fantasy.
C. It is body-powered. D. It is good for health.
29. Why does the writer take an example in Paragraph 2
A. To show how crazy new technology might be.
B. To introduce a new smart device — the embedded tags.
C. To prove there’s technology to make UnderSkin a reality.
D. To tell the difference between UnderSkin and RFID tags.
30. What does the last paragraph focus on about embedded chips
A. The concerns they raise. B. The applications of them.
C The special powers they have. D. The pros and cons of them.
31. What’s the genre of the text
A. A descriptive essay. B. A comparative essay.
C. A two-sided argumentative essay. D. An expository essay.
D
The lights from the cottage windows disappear, as we follow a dark footpath through a field into the open countryside. Thick clouds prevent the moonlight from lighting up the way ahead. Yet, as my eyes begin to get used to the darkness, the landscape around me reveals itself in a new light.
The outlines of Mount Caburn are like shadows against the sky. On the horizon is a tree bent by the wind. The rocky outcrop at the top of the field turns out to be a flock of sleeping sheep. A fox cries a catbird crows, and the air is full of a strong earthy scent.
"For most of human history, man lived in close contact with the land," says Nigel Berman, my guide. "Only in the past few hundred years have we shut ourselves off from our natural surroundings. Walking at night is a powerful way of reconnecting. When your vision is reduced, your other senses are sharpened."
Nigel and I walk from the village of Glynde towards the town of Lewes. It is a walk I know well by day, but at night everything is different, and a familiar stroll becomes a mini adventure. When Nigel told me not to bring a torch, I was alarmed. I can't remember the last time I used my night vision and I'm not even sure how it works.
Normally, at this time of night, I would be having a glass of wine in front of the television, but being out in the countryside is a purer form of relaxation. I forget about work and family tensions, and become part of the surroundings.
As we reach the top, Lewes appears below as a twinkly mass of lights, a sight I would generally consider as inviting. In just a few hours, however, I have gone over to the dark side and find myself reluctant to walk back down.
32. What figure of speech is used in Paragraph 1
A. Personification. B. Symbolism. C. Metaphor. D. Parallelism.
33. What is the writer’s attitude toward the mini adventure
A. Tolerant. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Objective.
34. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text
A. To attract readers to visit Lewes. B. To convey his love for the adventure.
C. To seek inspiration from night walks. D. To encourage reconnection with nature.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Into the Night B. Night and Moonlight
C. Under the Lights D. Lewes in the Moonlight
山东省威海市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
I took a trip to Antarctica last December. My favorite moment in Antarctica was the one I enjoyed in Wilhelmina Bay.
Wilhelmina Bay was extremely large in size. But after we got into our kayaks (皮艇)，we realized what made this part of Antarctica special, at least on the day of our visit.
Kayak cruises are like adventures, if there’s a good wildlife sighting around, the driver radios the other boats and tells them to come and see it. Throughout Antarctica you would see the kayaks gather in the same place to watch a whale, or a group of seals, or some cartoon-like Adelie penguins.
But in Wilhelmina Bay, it seemed like every kayak had its own group of whales to watch. They were everywhere! We had plenty of them getting close to us. Then one got a little too close. All of a sudden, it rose in front of our kayaks. This wasn’t the “logging” where they gently rise and fall - this whale knew exactly what he was doing.
We were shocked. It was so close. Was it going to fall on us It happened so quickly that I didn’t get a chance to take a photo. Thankfully there were some kayaks on the other side, getting shots of what we later called “the moment the drysuits became not so dry”.
“I’m always surprised at what we see, but I’m not often impressed,” our kayaking guide Michael told us. “The only thing better than that would have been, like, if a killer whale jumped out of the water right over the kayaks .”
21. What makes the visit in Wilhelmina Bay special
A. The large size of the Bay. B. The thrilling whale-watching.
C. The wildlife sighting around. D. The adventurous Kayak cruises.
22. How did “this whale” in Paragraph 4 impress the writer
A. It jumped out of the water right over the kayaks.
B. It rose ahead so suddenly that no picture was taken.
C. It jumped so close to the kayaks that visitors got wet.
D. It floated like a log in the water, gently rising and falling.
23. What is the text mainly about
A. The greatest show on the earth. B. Amazing adventures in Antarctica.
C. The wildlife in Wilhelmina Bay. D. An unforgettable experience in Antarctica.
B
Organizers of Paris 2024 have suggested that breakdancing(霹雳舞) should be included as a new sport in the Olympic sports. The committee is pleased with the suggestion as it is in line with its aim of rejuvenating the Olympics. But, what is breakdancing on earth
Breakdancing is not simply a style of dance. It’s a unique culture with its own history. Popularized by African Americans and US Latinos, breakdancing is an energetic form of dance including stylized footwork and moves such as spinning on the head, hands or knees. It arose in New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s from martial arts moves. The moves, originally learned as a form of self-defence eventually developed into the complex and athletic moves of today’s breakdancing.
Breakdancing is largely improvisational(即兴的) without standard moves or steps. The key is on energy, movement, creativity and certain danger. The people who perform this style of dance are known as b-boys or b-girls. They are also called breakers.
From those early roots, breakdancing began to add different moves to their routines, such as “pops” and “locks”, which brought a robotic quality to the dance. That style was popularized in the early 1970s by artists of the time. In the 1980s breakdancing reached a greater audience when it was adopted by mainstream artists like Michael Jackson. Jackson’s moonwalk, a step that involved sliding backward and lifting the soles of the feet so that he appeared to be sliding or floating, caused huge excitement among teens of all races.
With the growing popularity over the years, breakdancing has gone from a street phenomenon to one that is accepted by the wider culture.
Breakdancing is universal and it is popular with more than one million b-boys and b-girls in France. We hope the energetic dance is to be in the Olympic Games.
24. Which of the following best describes breakdancing
A. Unique and defensive. B. Standard but dangerous.
C. Energetic and creative. D. Improvisational but simple.
25. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about breakdancing
A. Its features and history. B. Its birthplace and audience.
C. Its changes and culture. D. Its moves and complexity.
26. Why did breakdancing attract more people in the 1980s
A. It took on a robotic look. B. It caused excitement among teens.
C. It involved pops and locks. D. It was adopted by mainstream artists.
27. What might be the purpose of writing the text
A. To popularize breakdancing worldwide.
B. To explain what breakdancing is on earth.
C. To promote breakdancing to an Olympic sport.
D. To introduce the development of breakdancing.
C
Throughout history, humanity has existed side-by-side with viruses and bacteria. From the bubonic plague to smallpox, humanity has evolved to resist these bacteria and viruses. However, there are now new ways for them to infect us.
Climate change is melting permafrost(冻土) areas that have been frozen for thousands of years. As the permafrost melts, so too the ancient bacteria and viruses that have been frozen. These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previously lay inactive in the ice, may spring back to life as the earth’s climate warms.
In August 2016, a 12-year-old boy in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty people there were hospitalized after having been infected by anthrax(炭疽).
Experts studied and concluded that over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its body was frozen and trapped under a layer of permafrost. It stayed there, with the disease inactive, until a heatwave in the summer of 2016. The heatwave melted the permafrost and exposed the reindeer body, which then released the infectious pathogen(病原体) into the nearby water and soil, and then into the food supply. More than 2,000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected, which then led to a small number of human cases.
While you may think the incident is isolated to that area, the fact that long-inactive viruses and bacteria might wake up soon due to climate change will affect us all. Pathogenic viruses might be preserved in old permafrost layers, including some that have caused global epidemics in the past.
With climate change, who knows what deadly viruses and bacteria hidden beneath permafrost areas are threatening us. Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop global warming.
28. What does the underlined “new ways” refer to
A. Ancient bacteria and viruses came back to life.
B. Bacteria and viruses have evolved into new types.
C. Bacteria and viruses become more resistant to medicine.
D. Ancient bacteria and viruses remain active in frozen permafrost.
29. Which is the right order of the case of anthrax in 2016
① A 12-year-old boy died and many others were infected.
② Over 2,000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected.
③ The bacteria went into the nearby water, soil, and then food supply.
④ The permafrost melted and the bacteria in the dead reindeer woke up.
A. ④ ③ ② ① B. ④ ② ③ ① C. ① ② ④ ③ D.① ③ ④ ②
30. Why does the writer write this text
A. To introduce an ancient virus, anthrax.
B. To call on people to stop global warming.
C. To encourage people to study ancient viruses.
D. To warn of the danger of melting permafrost.
31. In which section can we most possibly read this text on a website
A. Geography. B. Environment. C. Education. D. Medicine.
D
Both online learning and distance learning require similar online learning tools, but there the similarity ends.
The key difference between them is location. With online learning, students can be together in the classroom with an instructor while working through their digital lessons and assessments. When using distance learning, students work online at home while the teacher assigns work and checks in digitally.
Next, used as a mixed learning technique along with other teaching strategies, online learning will involve in-person interaction between you and your students on a regular basis. On the contrary, with distance learning you’ll likely rely on digital forms of communication such as messaging apps, video calls, discussion boards, and your school’s learning management system.
Both online learning and distance learning are effective teaching strategies, they do have their own distinct advantages.
To start, online learning can increase student engagement with a variety of instructional resources and teaching methods to deliver content in multiple ways. Second, using online learning tools makes it easier for you to differentiate your instruction. When using tools like digital curriculum, you will have more flexibility and control for differentiating your lessons. Finally, online learning is a time saver. Many digital curriculum tools do the heavy lifting for you by providing ready-to-use lesson plans, instructional materials, and assessments. Many online learning tools also automatically grade those assessments and post them to your teacher dashboard.
Compared to online learning, distance learning can continue without disturbance even in events like snow days or the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, distance learning provides greater flexibility for students to work at their own pace and review work as needed. This also ties in with the fact that students can access your course material at the times that work best for them, which is important for students who may have irregular work schedules.
32. What’s the distinctive feature of the interaction in online learning
A. Communicating face to face regularly. B. Interacting via digital apps.
C. Communicating with discussion boards. D. Interacting privately irregularly.
plete the diagram. (S-student; T-teacher)
A. ① S: highly motivated; ② S: learn at their own pace
B. ① T: deliver different lessons easily; ② S: enjoy more flexibility
C. ① T: do the heavy lifting; ② T: more accessible
D. ① S: enjoy more flexibility; ② T: regular work schedules
34. Whom is the text intended for
A. Parents. B. Students. C. Technicians. D. Teachers.
35. About the two methods, what will be talked about following the last paragraph
A. Their advantages. B. Their differences.
C. Their disadvantages. D. Their similarities.
参考答案
山东省威海市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. B 11. A
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
山东省威海市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了中国四个鲜为人知的旅游景点。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Houtouwan中“In the 1990s, however, much of the population left as the fishing routes dried up and opportunities arose on the mainland. (然而，在20世纪90年代，随着捕鱼路线的枯竭，大陆上出现了机会，很多人离开了。)”可知，村民们离开Houtouwan是为了在大陆寻求更好的生活。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Panjin Red Beach中“Stilted walkways have been installed so visitors can explore without harming the otherworldly weeds.(架空的人行道已经安装好，游客可以在不伤害其他杂草的情况下进行探索。)”可知，Panjin Red Beach为游客建造了特殊的人行通道。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段最后一句“Look a little farther, however, and you can find some truly fascinating scenery and settings you’ve probably never heard of.( 然而，再看看更远的地方，你会发现一些你可能从未听说过的真正迷人的风景和场景。)”可知，这是四个旅游景点都不是很著名的旅游的景点。故选B。
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“蓝洞”这一事物，蓝洞是在内陆或海里发现的一种特殊的水下洞穴，它是当洞穴上方的地面塌陷，水充满空间时形成的。介绍了蓝洞的一些特性和重要意义。通过研究蓝洞，我们可以了解史前时代的生命是什么样子的。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea, which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.(蓝洞是在内陆或海里发现的一种特殊的水下洞穴，它是当洞穴上方的地面塌陷，水充满空间时形成的)”可知，第一段的主旨是蓝洞的定义。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.(一层新鲜雨水漂浮在咸水之上；淡水使大气中的氧气无法到达咸水；颜色鲜艳的细菌生活在这两层的交界处)”可知，在淡水和咸水层之间可以找到颜色鲜艳的细菌。故选C。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“For example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen.(例如，潜水员在那里发现了可以在没有氧气的情况下生存的细菌)”以及““Our study of life’s extremes on Earth,” he says, can help increase “our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”(“我们对地球上极端生命的研究，”他说，可以帮助增加“我们对地球外宜居环境的了解。”)”可知，蓝洞甚至可以提供有关宇宙生命的研究的线索。故画线词意思是“宇宙生命的研究”。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous. Near the top of the blue hole, there is a layer of toxic gas, which causes itching, dizziness, and—in large amounts—death. Divers must also be fast. They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out. Additionally, divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside.(潜入蓝洞是极其危险的。在蓝洞的顶部附近，有一层有毒气体，会导致瘙痒、头晕，量足够大人会死亡。潜水员还必须动作迅速。它们必须在氧气耗尽之前进出洞穴。 此外，潜水员在穿过蓝洞时必须遵循指南，因为洞内非常黑暗)”可知，蓝洞有毒且黑暗。故选B。
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了UnderSkin嵌入式芯片的特点优势，发展前景和潜在问题。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It would draw power from your body’s energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, monitor your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality.（它会从你身体的能量中汲取能量，你可以用它来开门、监控你的健康、交换和存储信息，甚至表达你的个性。）”可推断，UnderSkin它是靠身体提供动力的。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Writer and technology entrepreneur Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag implanted in his hand.（作家兼科技企业家阿迈勒·格拉夫斯特拉(Amal Graffstra)已经在他的手上植入了一种名为无线射频识别(RFID)标签的芯片。）”可推断，作者在第二段中举了一个例子是为了证明有技术可以让UnderSkin成为现实。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Some doctors are concerned about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical procedures are meant to treat sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. Others worry about hacking and privacy.（一些医生担心人们在植入设备时会伤害到自己。他们认为医疗程序是用来治疗病人的，而不是给健康人特殊的权力。其他人则担心黑客攻击和隐私问题。）”可知，关于嵌入式芯片，最后一段重点讲了他们提出的担忧。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin.（NewDealDesign公司想出了一个名为“UnderSkin”的产品创意。）”本文讲述对象是UnderSkin嵌入式芯片，描述了它的特点优势，发展前景和担忧，可推断这是一篇说明文。故选D。
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在黑暗的夜晚来到乡下进行亲近自然的探索旅行并阐明了亲近自然给自己带来的好处，进而倡导人们要走进自然，体验自然。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“The lights from the cottage windows disappear, as we follow a dark footpath through a field into the open countryside. Thick clouds prevent the moonlight from lighting up the way ahead. Yet, as my eyes begin to get used to the darkness, the landscape around me reveals itself in a new light.（当我们沿着一条黑暗的小径穿过田野进入开阔的乡村时，小屋窗户的灯光消失了。厚厚的云层阻止了月光照亮前方的道路。然而，当我的眼睛开始习惯黑暗时，我周围的风景在新的光芒中显现出来。）”可知，云层发出的“阻止”动作以及风景“展现自我”的动作使用了拟人的修辞手法。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“ being out in the countryside is a purer form of relaxation. I forget about work and family tensions, and become part of the surroundings.（在乡下是一种更纯粹的放松方式。我忘记了工作和家庭带来的紧张，成为周围环境的一部分。）”可知，在乡下的冒险体验给自己带来了好处。由此可知，作者对“迷你冒险”持赞同的态度。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Only in the past few hundred years have we shut ourselves off from our natural surroundings. Walking at night is a powerful way of reconnecting. When your vision is reduced, your other senses are sharpened.（只有在过去的几百年里，我们才将自己与自然环境隔离开来。夜间行走是一种强大的重新建立联系的方式。当你的视力下降时，你的其他感官会变得敏锐。）”和最后一段的“（然而，在短短几个小时内，我已经走到了黑暗的一面，发现自己不愿走回去。）”可知，作者的目的是鼓励人们亲近自然，走进自然，与自然重新建立联系。故选D。
【35题详解】
标题判断题。根据第1题的分析可知，作者在黑暗的夜晚来到乡下进行亲近自然的探索旅行。结合第2题和第3题的分析可知，作者描述了亲近自然给自己带来的好处，进而倡导人们要走进自然，体验自然。由此可知，A项（入夜）可以作为文章的标题。故选A。
山东省威海市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
21~25 BCDCA 26~30 DCAAB 31~35 BABDC
阅读理解专题
山东省威海市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Throughout history great cities have risen and fallen. Some of them are seemingly lost in time — until artifacts (古物) are discovered that bring them back to life.
Teotihuacán
Located outside of Mexico City, Teotihuacán is thought to have been settled around 400 BC. By 400 AD, it was the most influential, powerful city in its region. Teotihuacán’s real treasure is its massive step pyramids. Much of the city’s history is still a mystery, but some believe that its decline came from changing climate conditions like long-term droughts.
Petra
This ancient city in southern Jordan flourished from the 4th century BC to 106 AD. It was an important place for spice and silk trade routes. It also had a complicatedly-designed water management system. Petra was occupied by Rome in 106 AD, and the trade routes soon shifted. Hundreds of years later, earthquakes damaged the water system and Petra was abandoned.
Pompeii
Endless tales have been told about the tragedy of Pompeii which occurred on August 24, in the year 79 AD, when the volcano Vesuvius erupted. The entire town was swiftly covered in ash and soil. Everything was frozen in time. The site was unearthed in the 18th century, and the evidence found provided a great detail of insight into daily living in this ancient Italian city.
Ctesiphon
Located about 20 miles outside of Baghdad, Ctesiphon was one of the greatest cities in Western Asia in the 6th century. It was conquered (征服) by Rome, and then by the Byzantine Empire. In 637 AD, it was captured by the Muslims. Many believe that the ancient city was the inspiration for the city of Isbanir mentioned in the Thousand and One Nights folk tales.
1. What do we know about Teotihuacán
A. Its history needs further exploration.
B. It was the most powerful city of its time.
C. It took about 400 years to reach its peak.
D. Its pyramids were ruined by climate change.
2. In which city can we learn about ancient Italian daily life
A. Teotihuacán. B. Petra. C. Pompeii. D. Ctesiphon.
3. What do Petra and Ctesiphon have in common
A. They were sources for folk tales. B. They declined due to natural disasters.
C. They were once defeated by Rome. D. They were towns on the ancient silk road.
B
Richard Proenneke did what most nature lovers can only dream of: At age 51, he quit his job as a mechanic and moved to the Alaskan wilderness to become one with nature.
In 1962, Proenneke encountered the area Twin Lakes, now called Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. Its wild beauty struck a chord with Proenneke. He thought the area was a perfect place to settle. In 1968, he built a small cabin there and remained for the next 30 years.
Going such long periods without companionship would tax many a person. But that was not the case for Proenneke. An obsessive observer and diarist, Proenneke once noted he was so busy with his life that he was never lonely. He spent most of his free time writing about the weather, the environment and the animals, some of which he befriended with regular treats. He hiked thousands of miles per year, becoming quite familiar with the miles of wilderness around his cabin. He caught and ate fish from the lake. Having no refrigerator, he dug into the ground and created a chilly storage box that helped to prolong his fresh foods.
Yet Proenneke wasn’t a bitter or angry isolationist (孤立主义者). He happily wrote replies to just about anyone who sent him letters. During the 30 years, Proenneke filled up more than 250 notepads with his diary entries. He also carried a camera to record some of his daily activities. Along with a biography composed by his friend Sam Keith, Proenneke’s notepads and camera footage were later turned into a documentary, Alone in the Wilderness.
In his will, Proenneke left behind his Twin Lakes cabin to the park rangers (护林员) as a gift. Actually, he had become such an important part of the park’s ecosystem that the rangers had trouble imagining life without him.
4. What made Proenneke different from other nature lovers
A. He loved outdoor activities. B. He built a cabin in the forest.
C. He quit his job in his fifties. D. He settled alone in the wilderness.
5. Which word can best replace the underlined “tax” in Paragraph 3
A. Impress. B. Benefit. C. Defeat. D. Transform.
6. What might Proenneke think of his life in Twin Lakes
A. Bitter but fruitful. B. Lonely but peaceful.
C. Risky but thrilling. D. Simple but fulfilling.
7. What might be a suitable title for the text
A. One Man’s “Alaska” B. Gift from a Nature Lover
C. A Volunteer Ranger D. Survival in the Wilderness
C
Bats are nature’s pest patrol. They consume large quantities of night flying insects, including some that annoy farmers. But habitat loss and climate change, as well as infectious diseases, are reducing bats’ ability to do their job. A new study adds another item to the list: wildfires. But not too many — too few.
In California’s Sierra Nevada ecosystem, bats have adapted to occasional wildfires. But fire-prevention policies have kept some areas unburned for unusually long periods, resulting in denser (更稠密的) forests with thicker undergrowth. “We wanted to see how these changes in how fires are burning might be influencing bat biodiversity,” says Zack Steel, who conducted the research.
Steel and his colleagues used microphones to count bats by recording their distinctive echolocation (回声定位) over four years at six sites in the Sierra Nevada. Three of the areas had recently endured fires, and three remained unburned.
Seventeen bat species call these forests home. The study revealed that eight of them tended to frequent the unburned patches, whereas 11 used the burned areas (some species visited both). “We expected to see Group A (the more open-habitat-adapted-species) benefiting from fire and Group B (the more clutter-adapted species) being negatively affected by fire, preferring the unburned areas,” Steel says. “But even some of those species were occurring more often in burned areas.”
“When there’s lots of variation in habitat after a fire, many species benefit in different ways,” says University of Connecticut biologist Andrew Stillman, “On the whole, the community (群体) becomes more diverse, and that’s a good thing for the landscape.”
Putting out wildfires early leads to some species losing out on food and resources.
“Fire is a natural part of the ecosystem, and many animals require the disturbance from fire to create the types of habitat that they need,” Stillman adds. “It demonstrates another negative consequence of keeping wildfire away from fire-adapted forests in California.”
8. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Too few bat species have survived. B. Too few wildfires have occurred.
C. Too few items influence bats’ community. D. Too few insects are eaten by bats.
9. What does Paragraph 4 center on about the study
A. Its method. B. Its result. C. Its process. D. Its focus.
10. What benefits the bats in Sierra Nevada ecosystem according to the study
A. Free of wildfires. B. Variation in habitats.
C. Thicker forests. D. Fire-prevention policies.
11. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To analyze effects wildfires have on bats.
B. To find out the differences among bat groups.
C. To bring forest protection into public attention.
D. To show ways to keep the balance of ecosystem.
D
If job seekers knew companies were using AI to fill open positions, would it stop them from applying for the job The answer, according to a recent study, is yes — sometimes.
The researchers found that in certain instances, like the screening (筛选) of applications, participants usually accepted some degree of automation. But in other instances, like interviews, automation could stop job seekers from applying for a position.
Companies facing recent labor shortages are increasingly turning to AI as a way to facilitate and speed up the hiring process. AI can be used in tasks such as screening job candidates, checking professional licenses, and interviewing candidates.
The new research suggests that using AI in hiring could be quite opposite. For instance, in one part of the study, participants were shown fictional job postings and then asked if they intended to apply for the position. The researchers found that if the job posting said that AI was used both to screen applicants and to conduct interviews, participants’ intention to apply for the position averaged 2.77 on a six-point scale. If AI was used only for the screening process, participants’ intention to apply averaged 3.73.
In another experiment, the researchers also found that study participants saw pros and cons in the use of AI in interviewing. When told the hiring would be fully automated, some participants expected the whole hiring process to be more consistent (始终如一的) in its judgments. But others tended to believe that they had less voice in the final outcome. Overall, the study results suggest this concern tends to outweigh the appreciation of AI’s lack of bias (偏见) at the interviewing stage.
A mixed approach may be a way to get the best of both worlds. Participants may have been more open to automation earlier in the hiring process because they could see some benefits from using AI — such as less-biased decisions. But during the later stages applicants expect personal interaction, to give them an opportunity to sell themselves and to learn more about the company.
12. Why do companies increasingly turn to AI in hiring
A. To attract more applicants. B. To boost hiring process.
C. To pick out top candidates. D. To solve labor shortages.
13. In which part do participants prefer automation
A. Screening job candidates. B. Interviewing candidates.
C. Grading professional licenses. D. Predicting final outcomes.
14. What does the underlined part refer to in Paragraph 5
A. Less AI involvement. B. Lack of consistent judgments.
C. Less-biased decisions. D. Lack of personal interaction.
15. What’s the main idea of the text
A. Hi-tech is a two-edged sword.
B. AI finds its way to hiring process.
C. Automation may discourage job seekers.
D. A mixed approach should be adopted in hiring.
山东省威海市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When considering places to visit in China, thoughts invariably drift to the same old sites, like the Great Wall, the Terracotta Army and the Bund. Look a little farther, however, and you can find some truly fascinating scenery and settings you’ve probably never heard of.
Houtouwan — A village like no other
Located on Shengshan Island, Houtouwan was once home to a fishing community. In the 1990s, however, much of the population left as the fishing routes dried up and opportunities arose on the mainland. Left completely to Mother Nature’s designs, Houtouwan has been transformed into a truly fascinating ghost village over the years, like the set of a horror movie!
Houtouwan is not an easy place to get to. From Shanghai, you will need to transfer between land and water vehicles several times to finally reach there.
Crescent Lake — An oasis in the desert
Out west, there’s a whole different world to be explored — Crescent Lake. It is part of a literal oasis in the desert that surrounds Dunhuang in Gansu. The crescent-shaped body of water has been preserved so visitors can enjoy one of nature’s true rarities.
Crescent Lake is located just a 15-minute taxi ride from Dunhuang.
Old Dragon’s Head — The Great Wall you’ve never seen before
One of the most unusual places to explore the Great Wall is Old Dragon’s Head, where the wall meets the sea in Qinhuangdao. The waves crashing against the stones stirs up a certain poetry. After checking out the wall, you can relax yourself on the beach.
Old Dragon’s Head is part of the Shanhai Pass section of the wall. It can be reached by taxi from Qinhuangdao train station.
Panjin Red Beach — The world’s most beautiful marshlands
Red Beach, located in Panjin, Liaoning province, forms part of what is the biggest wetland in the world. The weeds of the beautiful marshland area are flaming red. Stilted walkways have been installed so visitors can explore without harming the otherworldly weeds.
From Panjin train station, bargain with the local taxi drivers to take you directly to Red Beach.
21. Why did the villagers leave Houtouwan
A. To look for another fishing route. B. To preserve its natural beauty.
C. To seek a better life on the mainland. D. To make room for a film base.
22 In which place are special walkways built for visitors
A. Houtouwan. B. Old Dragon’s Head.
C. Crescent Lake. D. Panjin Red Beach.
23. What do these places have in common according to the writer
A. They’re all wonders of nature. B. They’re all not-so-famous.
C They’re all inconveniently located. D. They’re all well-preserved.
B
A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea, which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.
An inland blue hole’s water is very still and has different layers. A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.
Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous. Near the top of the blue hole, there is a layer of toxic gas, which causes itching, dizziness, and—in large amounts—death. Divers must also be fast. They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out. Additionally, divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside. Without the guideline, they may get lost.
If blue holes are so dangerous, why do explorers and scientists risk their lives to explore them The reason is that these underwater caves can provide valuable scientific information. They provide clues about geology, archaeology, and biology. For example, some blue hole creatures, such as the remipede, probably haven’t changed for millions of years.
The blue holes could even provide clues about astrobiology. For example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen. Astrobiologist Kevin Hand says the bacteria may be similar to forms of life that might exist on Jupiter’s fourth largest moon, Europa. “Our study of life’s extremes on Earth,” he says, can help increase “our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”
In addition, the oxygen-free environment of the blue holes preserves bones of humans and animals that fell into the caves long ago. By studying blue holes, we can understand what life was like in prehistoric times. As cave diver Kenny Broad says, “I can think of no other environment on Earth that is so challenging to explore and gives us back so much scientifically.”
24. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. The structure of a blue hole. B. The location of a blue hole.
C. The formation of a blue hole. D. The definition of a blue hole.
25. Where can bright-colored bacteria be found
A. In the saltwater layer. B. In the freshwater layer.
C. In between the freshwater and saltwater layers. D. In both of the freshwater and saltwater layers.
26. Which of the following best explains the underlined word
A. The study of life on Earth. B. The study of life in the universe.
C. The study of life in prehistoric times. D. The study of life in oxygen-free environment.
27. Which of the following can best describe blue holes
A. They’re oxygen-free and lifeless. B. They’re poisonous and dark.
C. They’re death zones and mazelike. D. They’re free of air and light.
C
Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos (纹身). The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin. The device would look like a pair of tattoos on your palm and the side of your thumb, but it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would draw power from your body’s energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, monitor your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality. UnderSkin is just an idea—you can’t go out and get one—but the technology exists to make it work.
Writer and technology entrepreneur Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag implanted in his hand. “I use it to log into my computer. I also use it to share contact details with people,” he says. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio signals with a unique identification number.
If a computerized tattoo or embedded (植入的) tag isn’t crazy enough for you, what about a brain chip The company Intel is working on technology that would let you control your devices with your mind. The researchers explain, “We’re trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves… Imagine being able to surf the Web with the power of your thoughts.”
Do you think embedded chips sound frightening or cool Some doctors are concerned about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical procedures are meant to treat sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. Others worry about hacking and privacy. Could someone hack in and steal your identity, or even control your mind On a more philosophical level, if you have a computer inside your body, are you still human Or are you a cyborg
28. What can be inferred about UnderSkin
A It is thumb-sized. B. It is only a fantasy.
C. It is body-powered. D. It is good for health.
29. Why does the writer take an example in Paragraph 2
A. To show how crazy new technology might be.
B. To introduce a new smart device — the embedded tags.
C. To prove there’s technology to make UnderSkin a reality.
D. To tell the difference between UnderSkin and RFID tags.
30. What does the last paragraph focus on about embedded chips
A. The concerns they raise. B. The applications of them.
C The special powers they have. D. The pros and cons of them.
31. What’s the genre of the text
A. A descriptive essay. B. A comparative essay.
C. A two-sided argumentative essay. D. An expository essay.
D
The lights from the cottage windows disappear, as we follow a dark footpath through a field into the open countryside. Thick clouds prevent the moonlight from lighting up the way ahead. Yet, as my eyes begin to get used to the darkness, the landscape around me reveals itself in a new light.
The outlines of Mount Caburn are like shadows against the sky. On the horizon is a tree bent by the wind. The rocky outcrop at the top of the field turns out to be a flock of sleeping sheep. A fox cries a catbird crows, and the air is full of a strong earthy scent.
"For most of human history, man lived in close contact with the land," says Nigel Berman, my guide. "Only in the past few hundred years have we shut ourselves off from our natural surroundings. Walking at night is a powerful way of reconnecting. When your vision is reduced, your other senses are sharpened."
Nigel and I walk from the village of Glynde towards the town of Lewes. It is a walk I know well by day, but at night everything is different, and a familiar stroll becomes a mini adventure. When Nigel told me not to bring a torch, I was alarmed. I can't remember the last time I used my night vision and I'm not even sure how it works.
Normally, at this time of night, I would be having a glass of wine in front of the television, but being out in the countryside is a purer form of relaxation. I forget about work and family tensions, and become part of the surroundings.
As we reach the top, Lewes appears below as a twinkly mass of lights, a sight I would generally consider as inviting. In just a few hours, however, I have gone over to the dark side and find myself reluctant to walk back down.
32. What figure of speech is used in Paragraph 1
A. Personification. B. Symbolism. C. Metaphor. D. Parallelism.
33. What is the writer’s attitude toward the mini adventure
A. Tolerant. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Objective.
34. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text
A. To attract readers to visit Lewes. B. To convey his love for the adventure.
C. To seek inspiration from night walks. D. To encourage reconnection with nature.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Into the Night B. Night and Moonlight
C. Under the Lights D. Lewes in the Moonlight
山东省威海市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
I took a trip to Antarctica last December. My favorite moment in Antarctica was the one I enjoyed in Wilhelmina Bay.
Wilhelmina Bay was extremely large in size. But after we got into our kayaks (皮艇)，we realized what made this part of Antarctica special, at least on the day of our visit.
Kayak cruises are like adventures, if there’s a good wildlife sighting around, the driver radios the other boats and tells them to come and see it. Throughout Antarctica you would see the kayaks gather in the same place to watch a whale, or a group of seals, or some cartoon-like Adelie penguins.
But in Wilhelmina Bay, it seemed like every kayak had its own group of whales to watch. They were everywhere! We had plenty of them getting close to us. Then one got a little too close. All of a sudden, it rose in front of our kayaks. This wasn’t the “logging” where they gently rise and fall - this whale knew exactly what he was doing.
We were shocked. It was so close. Was it going to fall on us It happened so quickly that I didn’t get a chance to take a photo. Thankfully there were some kayaks on the other side, getting shots of what we later called “the moment the drysuits became not so dry”.
“I’m always surprised at what we see, but I’m not often impressed,” our kayaking guide Michael told us. “The only thing better than that would have been, like, if a killer whale jumped out of the water right over the kayaks .”
21. What makes the visit in Wilhelmina Bay special
A. The large size of the Bay. B. The thrilling whale-watching.
C. The wildlife sighting around. D. The adventurous Kayak cruises.
22. How did “this whale” in Paragraph 4 impress the writer
A. It jumped out of the water right over the kayaks.
B. It rose ahead so suddenly that no picture was taken.
C. It jumped so close to the kayaks that visitors got wet.
D. It floated like a log in the water, gently rising and falling.
23. What is the text mainly about
A. The greatest show on the earth. B. Amazing adventures in Antarctica.
C. The wildlife in Wilhelmina Bay. D. An unforgettable experience in Antarctica.
B
Organizers of Paris 2024 have suggested that breakdancing(霹雳舞) should be included as a new sport in the Olympic sports. The committee is pleased with the suggestion as it is in line with its aim of rejuvenating the Olympics. But, what is breakdancing on earth
Breakdancing is not simply a style of dance. It’s a unique culture with its own history. Popularized by African Americans and US Latinos, breakdancing is an energetic form of dance including stylized footwork and moves such as spinning on the head, hands or knees. It arose in New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s from martial arts moves. The moves, originally learned as a form of self-defence eventually developed into the complex and athletic moves of today’s breakdancing.
Breakdancing is largely improvisational(即兴的) without standard moves or steps. The key is on energy, movement, creativity and certain danger. The people who perform this style of dance are known as b-boys or b-girls. They are also called breakers.
From those early roots, breakdancing began to add different moves to their routines, such as “pops” and “locks”, which brought a robotic quality to the dance. That style was popularized in the early 1970s by artists of the time. In the 1980s breakdancing reached a greater audience when it was adopted by mainstream artists like Michael Jackson. Jackson’s moonwalk, a step that involved sliding backward and lifting the soles of the feet so that he appeared to be sliding or floating, caused huge excitement among teens of all races.
With the growing popularity over the years, breakdancing has gone from a street phenomenon to one that is accepted by the wider culture.
Breakdancing is universal and it is popular with more than one million b-boys and b-girls in France. We hope the energetic dance is to be in the Olympic Games.
24. Which of the following best describes breakdancing
A. Unique and defensive. B. Standard but dangerous.
C. Energetic and creative. D. Improvisational but simple.
25. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about breakdancing
A. Its features and history. B. Its birthplace and audience.
C. Its changes and culture. D. Its moves and complexity.
26. Why did breakdancing attract more people in the 1980s
A. It took on a robotic look. B. It caused excitement among teens.
C. It involved pops and locks. D. It was adopted by mainstream artists.
27. What might be the purpose of writing the text
A. To popularize breakdancing worldwide.
B. To explain what breakdancing is on earth.
C. To promote breakdancing to an Olympic sport.
D. To introduce the development of breakdancing.
C
Throughout history, humanity has existed side-by-side with viruses and bacteria. From the bubonic plague to smallpox, humanity has evolved to resist these bacteria and viruses. However, there are now new ways for them to infect us.
Climate change is melting permafrost(冻土) areas that have been frozen for thousands of years. As the permafrost melts, so too the ancient bacteria and viruses that have been frozen. These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previously lay inactive in the ice, may spring back to life as the earth’s climate warms.
In August 2016, a 12-year-old boy in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty people there were hospitalized after having been infected by anthrax(炭疽).
Experts studied and concluded that over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its body was frozen and trapped under a layer of permafrost. It stayed there, with the disease inactive, until a heatwave in the summer of 2016. The heatwave melted the permafrost and exposed the reindeer body, which then released the infectious pathogen(病原体) into the nearby water and soil, and then into the food supply. More than 2,000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected, which then led to a small number of human cases.
While you may think the incident is isolated to that area, the fact that long-inactive viruses and bacteria might wake up soon due to climate change will affect us all. Pathogenic viruses might be preserved in old permafrost layers, including some that have caused global epidemics in the past.
With climate change, who knows what deadly viruses and bacteria hidden beneath permafrost areas are threatening us. Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop global warming.
28. What does the underlined “new ways” refer to
A. Ancient bacteria and viruses came back to life.
B. Bacteria and viruses have evolved into new types.
C. Bacteria and viruses become more resistant to medicine.
D. Ancient bacteria and viruses remain active in frozen permafrost.
29. Which is the right order of the case of anthrax in 2016
① A 12-year-old boy died and many others were infected.
② Over 2,000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected.
③ The bacteria went into the nearby water, soil, and then food supply.
④ The permafrost melted and the bacteria in the dead reindeer woke up.
A. ④ ③ ② ① B. ④ ② ③ ① C. ① ② ④ ③ D.① ③ ④ ②
30. Why does the writer write this text
A. To introduce an ancient virus, anthrax.
B. To call on people to stop global warming.
C. To encourage people to study ancient viruses.
D. To warn of the danger of melting permafrost.
31. In which section can we most possibly read this text on a website
A. Geography. B. Environment. C. Education. D. Medicine.
D
Both online learning and distance learning require similar online learning tools, but there the similarity ends.
The key difference between them is location. With online learning, students can be together in the classroom with an instructor while working through their digital lessons and assessments. When using distance learning, students work online at home while the teacher assigns work and checks in digitally.
Next, used as a mixed learning technique along with other teaching strategies, online learning will involve in-person interaction between you and your students on a regular basis. On the contrary, with distance learning you’ll likely rely on digital forms of communication such as messaging apps, video calls, discussion boards, and your school’s learning management system.
Both online learning and distance learning are effective teaching strategies, they do have their own distinct advantages.
To start, online learning can increase student engagement with a variety of instructional resources and teaching methods to deliver content in multiple ways. Second, using online learning tools makes it easier for you to differentiate your instruction. When using tools like digital curriculum, you will have more flexibility and control for differentiating your lessons. Finally, online learning is a time saver. Many digital curriculum tools do the heavy lifting for you by providing ready-to-use lesson plans, instructional materials, and assessments. Many online learning tools also automatically grade those assessments and post them to your teacher dashboard.
Compared to online learning, distance learning can continue without disturbance even in events like snow days or the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, distance learning provides greater flexibility for students to work at their own pace and review work as needed. This also ties in with the fact that students can access your course material at the times that work best for them, which is important for students who may have irregular work schedules.
32. What’s the distinctive feature of the interaction in online learning
A. Communicating face to face regularly. B. Interacting via digital apps.
C. Communicating with discussion boards. D. Interacting privately irregularly.
plete the diagram. (S-student; T-teacher)
A. ① S: highly motivated; ② S: learn at their own pace
B. ① T: deliver different lessons easily; ② S: enjoy more flexibility
C. ① T: do the heavy lifting; ② T: more accessible
D. ① S: enjoy more flexibility; ② T: regular work schedules
34. Whom is the text intended for
A. Parents. B. Students. C. Technicians. D. Teachers.
35. About the two methods, what will be talked about following the last paragraph
A. Their advantages. B. Their differences.
C. Their disadvantages. D. Their similarities.
参考答案
山东省威海市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. B 11. A
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
山东省威海市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了中国四个鲜为人知的旅游景点。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Houtouwan中“In the 1990s, however, much of the population left as the fishing routes dried up and opportunities arose on the mainland. (然而，在20世纪90年代，随着捕鱼路线的枯竭，大陆上出现了机会，很多人离开了。)”可知，村民们离开Houtouwan是为了在大陆寻求更好的生活。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Panjin Red Beach中“Stilted walkways have been installed so visitors can explore without harming the otherworldly weeds.(架空的人行道已经安装好，游客可以在不伤害其他杂草的情况下进行探索。)”可知，Panjin Red Beach为游客建造了特殊的人行通道。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段最后一句“Look a little farther, however, and you can find some truly fascinating scenery and settings you’ve probably never heard of.( 然而，再看看更远的地方，你会发现一些你可能从未听说过的真正迷人的风景和场景。)”可知，这是四个旅游景点都不是很著名的旅游的景点。故选B。
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“蓝洞”这一事物，蓝洞是在内陆或海里发现的一种特殊的水下洞穴，它是当洞穴上方的地面塌陷，水充满空间时形成的。介绍了蓝洞的一些特性和重要意义。通过研究蓝洞，我们可以了解史前时代的生命是什么样子的。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea, which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.(蓝洞是在内陆或海里发现的一种特殊的水下洞穴，它是当洞穴上方的地面塌陷，水充满空间时形成的)”可知，第一段的主旨是蓝洞的定义。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.(一层新鲜雨水漂浮在咸水之上；淡水使大气中的氧气无法到达咸水；颜色鲜艳的细菌生活在这两层的交界处)”可知，在淡水和咸水层之间可以找到颜色鲜艳的细菌。故选C。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“For example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen.(例如，潜水员在那里发现了可以在没有氧气的情况下生存的细菌)”以及““Our study of life’s extremes on Earth,” he says, can help increase “our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”(“我们对地球上极端生命的研究，”他说，可以帮助增加“我们对地球外宜居环境的了解。”)”可知，蓝洞甚至可以提供有关宇宙生命的研究的线索。故画线词意思是“宇宙生命的研究”。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous. Near the top of the blue hole, there is a layer of toxic gas, which causes itching, dizziness, and—in large amounts—death. Divers must also be fast. They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out. Additionally, divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside.(潜入蓝洞是极其危险的。在蓝洞的顶部附近，有一层有毒气体，会导致瘙痒、头晕，量足够大人会死亡。潜水员还必须动作迅速。它们必须在氧气耗尽之前进出洞穴。 此外，潜水员在穿过蓝洞时必须遵循指南，因为洞内非常黑暗)”可知，蓝洞有毒且黑暗。故选B。
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了UnderSkin嵌入式芯片的特点优势，发展前景和潜在问题。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“It would draw power from your body’s energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, monitor your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality.（它会从你身体的能量中汲取能量，你可以用它来开门、监控你的健康、交换和存储信息，甚至表达你的个性。）”可推断，UnderSkin它是靠身体提供动力的。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Writer and technology entrepreneur Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag implanted in his hand.（作家兼科技企业家阿迈勒·格拉夫斯特拉(Amal Graffstra)已经在他的手上植入了一种名为无线射频识别(RFID)标签的芯片。）”可推断，作者在第二段中举了一个例子是为了证明有技术可以让UnderSkin成为现实。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Some doctors are concerned about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical procedures are meant to treat sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. Others worry about hacking and privacy.（一些医生担心人们在植入设备时会伤害到自己。他们认为医疗程序是用来治疗病人的，而不是给健康人特殊的权力。其他人则担心黑客攻击和隐私问题。）”可知，关于嵌入式芯片，最后一段重点讲了他们提出的担忧。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin.（NewDealDesign公司想出了一个名为“UnderSkin”的产品创意。）”本文讲述对象是UnderSkin嵌入式芯片，描述了它的特点优势，发展前景和担忧，可推断这是一篇说明文。故选D。
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在黑暗的夜晚来到乡下进行亲近自然的探索旅行并阐明了亲近自然给自己带来的好处，进而倡导人们要走进自然，体验自然。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“The lights from the cottage windows disappear, as we follow a dark footpath through a field into the open countryside. Thick clouds prevent the moonlight from lighting up the way ahead. Yet, as my eyes begin to get used to the darkness, the landscape around me reveals itself in a new light.（当我们沿着一条黑暗的小径穿过田野进入开阔的乡村时，小屋窗户的灯光消失了。厚厚的云层阻止了月光照亮前方的道路。然而，当我的眼睛开始习惯黑暗时，我周围的风景在新的光芒中显现出来。）”可知，云层发出的“阻止”动作以及风景“展现自我”的动作使用了拟人的修辞手法。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“ being out in the countryside is a purer form of relaxation. I forget about work and family tensions, and become part of the surroundings.（在乡下是一种更纯粹的放松方式。我忘记了工作和家庭带来的紧张，成为周围环境的一部分。）”可知，在乡下的冒险体验给自己带来了好处。由此可知，作者对“迷你冒险”持赞同的态度。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Only in the past few hundred years have we shut ourselves off from our natural surroundings. Walking at night is a powerful way of reconnecting. When your vision is reduced, your other senses are sharpened.（只有在过去的几百年里，我们才将自己与自然环境隔离开来。夜间行走是一种强大的重新建立联系的方式。当你的视力下降时，你的其他感官会变得敏锐。）”和最后一段的“（然而，在短短几个小时内，我已经走到了黑暗的一面，发现自己不愿走回去。）”可知，作者的目的是鼓励人们亲近自然，走进自然，与自然重新建立联系。故选D。
【35题详解】
标题判断题。根据第1题的分析可知，作者在黑暗的夜晚来到乡下进行亲近自然的探索旅行。结合第2题和第3题的分析可知，作者描述了亲近自然给自己带来的好处，进而倡导人们要走进自然，体验自然。由此可知，A项（入夜）可以作为文章的标题。故选A。
山东省威海市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
21~25 BCDCA 26~30 DCAAB 31~35 BABDC